Sc 9: Ch 1 Matter

Some Vocabulary Review to Start…

Matter: Anything that has mass and volume

Mass: the amount of matter in a substanceVolume: The amount of space that matter

occupies.Property: A characteristic used to describe

matter. Qualitative: can be described but not measured Quantitative: can be measured numerically.

Atom: the smallest part of an element that still has the same properties of that element.

Molecule: two or more atoms chemically combined. (either the same or different atoms)

Element: A substance that contains only one type of atom

Compound: A substance that contains two or more different types of atoms, chemically combined.

Pure Substance: A substance that has the same properties in any sample you choose. Can be

an element or a compound .

Models for MatterEach geometric shape represents a type of atom. When the shapes are drawn together, they represent atoms that are chemically combined.

Ex. 1: Mixture or Pure Substance? Element Compound Both?

Total # of atoms: # of molecules:

# of different types of atoms: # of different types of compds

Ex. 2: Mixture or Pure Substance? Element Compound Both?

Total # of atoms: # of molecules: # of different types of

atoms: # of different types of compds

Ex. 3: Mixture or Pure Substance? Element Compound Both?

Total # of atoms: # of molecules: # of different types of

atoms: # of different types of compds

Ex. 4: Mixture or Pure Substance? Element Compound Both?

Total # of atoms: # of molecules: # of different types of

atoms: # of different types of compds

Ex. 5: Mixture or Pure Substance? Element Compound Both?

Total # of atoms: # of molecules: # of different types of

atoms: # of different types of compds

Ex. 6: Mixture or Pure Substance? Element Compound Both?

Total # of atoms: # of molecules: # of different types of

atoms: # of different types of compds

Changes to Matter

Physical Changes: Changes in which no new substance is formed.

Ex.

Chemical Change: Changes in which new substances are formed.

Ex.

Clues that suggest a CHEMICAL change has occurred:

1. a new may appear2. or may be given off3. or may be formed.4. material (a may form in a liquid5. The change may be difficult to

colour

Gas bubbles

Light Sound

A solid precipitate

reverse

Activity 1-2A – Bag of Change

Activity 2B: Observing Changes in Matter. Science Probe 9, page 24,25

Purpose: To observe and classify physical changes, chemical changes, or situations where nothing appears to change.

Materials: Safety goggles, Lab CoatGloves Small piece of steel wool Two pieces of copper wire (2cm)TongsBunsen burnerDilute hydrochloric acid (HCl)Four test tubes in a rackMagnesium ribbon (2 cm strip)Sodium carbonate solution (NaCO3)Calcium chloride solution (CaCl2)Copper sulphate crystals (CuSO4)Heat proof test tubeTest tube holderWater in dropper bottle

KMT!

All matter is made up of The particles are alwaysThere is _____ between the particles

shows what happens when temp is increased

solid, liquid, gas animation

In a gas:In a liquid: IN a solid:

3. The particles are contstan

To make the molecules Move faster, you…

Changes of State and KMT

Eureka - molecules in solids

solid liquid gas

condensationSolidification(freezing)

melting evaporation

SummaryState Shape Volume Space

between molecules

Solid

Liquid

Gas

Fixed small

Takes shapeOf Container

Fixed

fixed Medium

Takes shapeOf container

Takes as muchVolume as allowed

V. Large

Atomic Theory

Our understanding of the atom didn’t happen overnight!!

Contributions: John Dalton1766-1844

Some of Dalton's symbols for the elementswith his estimates of molecular weight

What did Dalton’s Theory state: (4 things)

Matter is made of atoms

Atoms are indivisible, and Cannot be created or destroyed

Different elements have differentSized and shaped atoms

Compounds =different atomschemically combined

“The solid sphere model”

Atoms are seen as solid, indestructible spheres (like billiard balls)

J.J Thomson“raisin Bun” modelDiscovered electrons(atoms ≠indivisible?!)-thought atoms were like a ballOf (+) charged particles with (-) charged particles dispersed

Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937)Some bounced back?!Like shooting a cannon at a piece

of paper and having it bounce back!

Discovered The NUCLEUS. Later, heFigured outThat the Nucleus Is made of PROTONS

Rutherford had discovered the NUCLEUS.

Later, he named the PROTONS and NEUTRONS that make up the nucleus.

Rutherford’sModel of anATOM

Niels Bohr (1885-1962)

Electrons are restricted to “energy levels”

= “shells or orbitals”

the Atomic Theory Song

Today’s Model of AtomsMass in AMU! Electrons don’t “orbit!”