SBD: Activity DesignCS 3724 - HCIChris North

Usability Engineering - Chapter 3

Hall of Fame/Shame Presentations

Homework Revisited

Project: Req’s Analysis revisited

Activity design

• Conceptual models– Abstract objects– Abstract operations

e.g. communication

• Phone: voice, sync, 2 way, remote, 1-1, immediate, – Metaphor: Face to face

• Cell text• IM: text, sync• Email: text/files, stored, editable, 1

way, async, 1-M, impersonal, not interupting, ignore– Metaphor: snail mail

e.g. project metaphors

• Find needle in haystack• Reading a book, creating mystery

novel, choose your own• Identifying trends, e.g fashion, stock• Multiple Puzzle

– Sorting out pieces, categorizing– Border, framework– Pick focus area, unique– Filling in gaps– Show it off

e.g. more project ideas

• Browsing the web• Googling, hits• To-do lists• Notes in margin, textbook• Piling, filing, folders• Timelines, calendars

e.g. project claims

• Search box– + narrows list of files– + flexible, can type any keyword– - searching in wrong files– - irrelevant optoins– - no stemming (“flower(s)”)– - no organization of hits list– - copy&paste, mispelling

• Piling:– + focus the searches within piles– - must pre-sort piles

• Browsing the web:– + select the hyperlink, no retyping or copy&paste– - less flexible– + shows us what is ‘searchable’, avoid 0 hit query

• Googling– + give hints about similar searches

Problem scenarios

summativeevaluation

Information scenarios

claims about current practice

analysis ofstakeholders,field studies

Usability specifications

Activityscenarios

Interaction scenarios

iterativeanalysis ofusability claims andre-design

metaphors,informationtechnology,HCI theory,guidelines

formativeevaluation

DESIGN

ANALYZE

PROTOTYPE & EVALUATE

Summaries: stakeholder, task, and artifact analyses, general themes

Root concept: vision, rationale,assumptions, stakeholders

Problem scenarios:illustrate and put into context the tasks and themes discovered in

the field studies

Claims analysis:find and incorporate features of practice

that have key implications for use

Field studies: workplace observations,recordings, interviews, artifacts

SBD andRequirementsAnalysis

Problem scenarios

summativeevaluation

Information scenarios

claims about current practice

analysis ofstakeholders,field studies

Usability specifications

Activityscenarios

Interaction scenarios

iterativeanalysis ofusability claims andre-design

metaphors,informationtechnology,HCI theory,guidelines

formativeevaluation

DESIGN

ANALYZE

PROTOTYPE & EVALUATE

Functionality

Look and feel

product data

browsing

searching

ordering

payment

customer data

SYSTEM

FUNCTIONALITY

LOOK & FEEL

iconslinks

menus

layout

navigationlabels

fields

security

feedback

The Two Faces of HCI Design

Activity Design

Information & Interaction

Design

Problem scenarios: work from current practice to build new ideas

Activity design scenarios:transform current activities to

use new design ideas

SBD: Activity Design

• Transform old activities to new activities that use technology

• Focus on system “what”,not “how” (why?)“conceptual design”, “task-level

design”

• Focus on improvements• Iterative

Goal: work from problems and opportunities of problem domain to envision new activities

Problem scenarios: work from current practice to build new

Activity design scenarios:transform current activities to

use new design ideas

Claims analysis: identify, illustrate, and document design features with key implications

Activity design space:

brainstorm implications of metaphors and

technology

Problem claims: look for design

ideas that address negatives, but keep positives

HCI knowledge

about activity design

SBD:ActivityDesign

+/-

+/-

Envisioning new activities

• Effectiveness: meets users’ needs• Innovative technology vs. tried-and-true• Generality vs. specific tasks

• Comprehension: understandable, predictable

• Mental models• Metaphors

• Satisfaction: accomplishment, motivating• Automation vs. user control • Individual vs group needs

Activity design process

1. Design alternatives• Focus on fixing -’s, preserving +’s• Informal methods:

– Brainstorm– Try metaphors– Apply technologies– Explore “what if”s, Be creative, out of the box

• Systematic methods:– Identify design space -- Morphological Box

2. Rework scenarios with new design ideas• Participatory design• Coherence, completeness

3. Track claims• +/-, rationale

4. Iterate

The Morphological Box

Identify dimensions of the design space

Enumerate all possible solutions

PBJ sandwich, on whole wheat, no butter

Designer’s Model User’s Mental Model

Cashier

Systematic, logical,comprehensive

Ad hoc, informal, incomplete

The Web

Cart

+ -

Metaphors bridge the gap

Brainstorming

Developed in response to “group think” Basic rules:

Someone keeps list so everyone can see No idea is too wild No evaluation Silence does not mean “DONE”

Fun and “light weight”

Grocery shopping – Reqs analysis review?

• Soccer mom:•

• Shopping cart:• + • -

• Shelves/Aisles:• + • -

Metaphors for Grocery Shopping?

•

New activity scenario?

• Online grocery• Soccer mom story:

•

Grocery shopping – Reqs analysis review

• Soccer mom:• Screaming kids• Large quantity• search strategy, lists• Browsing strategy?• weekly repeats

• Large Shopping cart:• + 1 slot for 1 kid• + Pile stuff, big stuff underneath• - >1 kid? • - must push, heavy

• Shelves• + see lots of stuff fast• - hard to find stuff• - lots of walking

Metaphors for grocery shopping

• Pizza delivery• + stay home• - no browsing

• Cookbook• + meal oriented• - no customization?

• Vending machine• Menu for search stuff• + Automating retrieval of items• - get top item only, can’t pick unbruised fruit…

New activity scenario

• Online grocery• Soccer mom story:

• Puts screaming kids outside• Repeating purchases using order template • Search for items quickly• Gets helpful linked recommendations: beer +

diapers• How does she Browse? Online

coupons/specials…• Items get packed for her and delivered to her

door (or maybe she picks up, they load into her van for her)

• But She notices some items are not correct.

The Morphological Box

Identify dimensions of the design space

Enumerate all possible solutions

PBJ sandwich, on whole wheat, with butter

Grocery Shopping – design dimensions?

•

Grocery Shopping – design dimensions

• Online vs. Store• Browse vs. Search• Deliver vs. Pickup•

Morph. Box for Grocery Shopping

online store

Browse llbean kroegers

Search Ebay, Pizza by phone

Mcdonalds

location

navigation

Possible new ways to grocery shop?

Problem scenarios

summativeevaluation

Information scenarios

claims about current practice

analysis ofstakeholders,field studies

Usability specifications

Activityscenarios

Interaction scenarios

iterativeanalysis ofusability claims andre-design

metaphors,informationtechnology,HCI theory,guidelines

formativeevaluation

DESIGN

ANALYZE

PROTOTYPE & EVALUATE

Execution

Action plan

Systemgoal

Last month’sbudget... ?

Interpretation

PerceptionMakingsense

GULF OFEVALUATION

GULF OFEXECUTION

Stages of Action in HCIInformationdesign

Interactiondesign

Human-computer

interaction

Taskgoal

Homework #2

• Due Thurs• Study Usability Case library

• Garden.com• Requirements analysis

• Create an HTA for planning a garden• Use existing analysis – stuff you didn’t know• Add own/friends’ knowledge• Hierarchical decomposition• Be thorough

Project Step 2 – Reqmts Analysis

• Due next Thurs• Do the UE process

• Identify stakeholders• Observe, interview, survey• Analyze data• Develop representations

• Users• Problem scenarios• Claims • What’s the REAL problem?