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7/30/2019 Sayyids and Lodis
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MOSQUES BYSAYYIDS
AND LODHIS
BY AASHNA KATHPALIA
UJJAWAL TYAGI
VARUN SINGH
VIVEK CHAUDHARY
AJIT RAO
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The Sayyid dynasty was the fourth dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate . They
succeeded the Tughlaq dynasty and ruled that sultanate until they were
displaced by the Lodi dynasty.
This family claimed to be Sayyids, or descendants of Prophet Muhammad.
The central authority of the Delhi Sultanate had been fatally weakened by the
successive invasion of Timur and his sack of Delhi in 1398.
The sack of delhi by Timur left the sultanate with little resources and less
prestige and for many years the building art in the region of the capital is
represented almost entirely by tombs
In the sphere of architecture it was a period of the Maqbarah, the Arabic
word for cemetery. Perhaps no other time has the tomb been more manifest
in the consciousness of the people the people than during the rule of the
Sayyids and Lodis.
Delhi was considered the most appropriate site on which such
buildings should be erected. Large tombs therefore arose within its
neighborhood, so much so that in the course of time the country
around the capital was converted into the vast necropolis.
INTRODUCTION
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MOSQUE ATTACHED TO THE BARA GUMBAD (1494)
The Bara Gumbad("Big Dome"), it consists of a large rubble-
construct dome, it is not a tombbut a gateway to an attached a three
domed masj id(mosque)
The Friday mosque, completed in 1494, is the first example of the
new mosque type that developed during the Lodi era. Characterized
by a relatively simple five bay prayer hall building adjacent to a
simple open courtyard, this type was an important precedent for
mosque architecture in the Lodi and Mughal eras.
The Friday mosque is a single aisled, rectangular building, approx.
30 meters (north-south) by 8 meters (east-west).
The mosque is organized in five unequal bays, which correspondto the five arched doorways on the eastern (entry) elevation. The
width of the arched doorways decreases from the center towards the
sides. The arches span across grey granite piers.
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http://karuneshjohri.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/mosque-at-bara-gumbad.jpg7/30/2019 Sayyids and Lodis
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Arches in doorways and walkways
of the BARA GUMBAD MOSQUE
Interior view of the mosque
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The central arch is framed within a projecting rectangular portal, measuring
about 8 meters in height by 6 meters wide.
The piers of the rectangular frame are cased in dressed granite and have
three shallow arched niches in red sandstone, occurring vertically above the
springing point of the arch, on either side.
The doorway itself is described by four receding planes of ogee arches, the
outermost one being in line with the external face of the rectangular portal. The
doorways immediately to the side of the central portal are about 5 meters wide,
while those at the two ends are approx. 1.5 meters wide with two receding
planes of ogee arches, adding to the prominence of the central doorway.
The apex of each innermost arch is constant, measuring approx. 5 meters
from the top of the platform. Each arch is finished in plaster and embellished
with intricate carved Arabic inscriptions. The spandrels are also heavily carved
with geometric motifs, and their the corners are adorned with round inscribed
plaster medallions.
Red sandstone eaves (chajjas) on stone brackets top the arches, interrupted
only by the central projecting portal that extends above them. There is a blank
plastered frieze above the eaves, followed by the projecting horizontal bands of
the cornice that is topped by a blind masonry parapet adorned with petal
shaped crenellations with inscribed plaster medallions.
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MOTH KI MASJID
Built by Miyan Bhuwa, a minister during the reign of Sikandar Lodi (1517-
26) in the early 16th century.
Located behind one of the modern localities of the capital, South
Extension Part II. Situated in the village named Masjid Moth,
The mosque has the rather unusual name ofMoth-ki-Masjid, for
according to legend, Miyan Bhuwa built this mosque from the revenue
earned by producing a large crop from just a single grain of moth, a kind of
lentil. His grain was presented to him by Sikandar Lodi himself.
The minister produced many more seeds from that one seed and over a
period of time raised a large enough crop to construct this mosque with its
revenue.
Raised on a platform
This three-domed mosque is considered an important milestone in the
growth of Mughal architecture, especially in regard to the ornamentation of
mosques, because of its special features.
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Arches inside and at the gates
of MOTH KI MASJID
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The mosque has an impressive red sandstone gateway on the eastern
side
The prayer chamber of the mosque has five arched openings, all of which
are beautifully ornamented, including the mihrab, which has Quranic
inscriptions in Naskh characters.
Special treatment has been done to the central arch built of red sandstone
by decorating it with marble.
Double storeyed towers with arched openings at the rear ends of the roof
and domed octagonal chhatrison the corresponding walls.
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JAMALI KAMALI MASJID(1536)
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Built during the region of humayun,the second of the mughal emperors
Finer ashlar masonry inspite of rubble and plaster construction
Richly with stuccowork
The prayer hall of the mosque has five arched openings with the central
arch higher than the rest and is aesthetically carved with fluted pilasters
flanking it
The western wall of the mosque has niches decorated with Quranicinscriptions.
Narrow gallery running around the mosque on the second storey with three
oriel windows.
The faade of the prayer hall is decorated by pendant lotus-buds and can beseen below the parapet.
Octagonal towers at the rear corners of the mosque and only a single dome
surmounts the central bay.
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Arches of
JAMALI KAMALI
MOSQUE
Interior view of Mosque
Courtyard surrounding the Mosque
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QILA I-KUHANA (1550)The single-domed Qila-i-Kuna Mosque, built by Sher Shah in 1541.
It is a large, single-aisled mosque that would have served as thesultan's Jami, or Friday mosque.
It is an excellent example of a pre-Mughal design, and an early
example of the extensive use of the pointed arch in the region as
seen in its five doorways with the 'true' horseshoe-shaped arches.
The prayer hall inside, the single-aisled
mosque, measures 51.20m by 14.90m and has
five elegant arched prayer niches or mihrabs
set in its western wall.
It is richly decorated, with calligraphy,coloured stones, and elaborate carvings on both
the exterior and interior surfaces.
Mihrab arches
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The mosque was greatly admired by the Mughals, who were to look to it for
details of ornamentation and construction.
Marble in shades of red, white and slate is used for the calligraphic
inscriptions on the central iwan, marks a transition from Lodhi to Mughal
architecture .
A second storey, accessed through staircases from the prayer hall, with a
narrow passage running along the rectangular hall, provided space for
female courtiers to pray, while the arched doorway on the left wall, framed by
ornate jharokas, was reserved for members of the royal family.
Windows at
QILA- I - KUNH
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During the 15th century, when the Indian as well as central Asian architecture got its
prominent development in the in the Islamic architecture and when other cities were
at the height of their structural zenith, the city like Fujairah in the Arabian gulf was
still in the stage of development and mud structure was in practice for theconstruction
of secular and religious building.
The mosque called AL-BIDYAH MOSQUE is a living mosque under the government
of Fujairah, UAE coated with many layers of mud plaster.
The date of its construction may be fixed as early as 1441 AD on its stylistic ground
within practice at the Arabian gulfs region in 15th century AD.
At its one side it is surrounded with lofty mountains while at its other end, there is a
vast Arabian sea.
The structure of the mosque is simple, small and single storey.
There is a horizontal covered room of 12x18 feet, provided with an arch shaped,
prayed Ivan (chamber) for the imam and few niches at the wall of prayer chamber.
BIDYAH MOSQUE, FUZAIRAH
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An open verandah or livan is also there as an open space within the boundary o
the mosque.
The boundary is 3 feet high made of stone, plastered with a thick layer of mud.
Outside the boundary of the mosque, there is a well provided with an iron bucket
dole.
The uniqueness of the mosque lies in the simplicity and use of mud for plastering
purpose, in 15th century AD, when Islamic mosque architecture was in full swing of
development.