23
Sociological Theory Say Something!

Say Something!

  • Upload
    kedem

  • View
    33

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

DESCRIPTION

Say Something!. Say Something. Read the information on the slide…whether it’s a picture or written word Say Something about what you just read Make a prediction Ask a question Clarify your thinking Make a connection Summarize the information so far Someone will respond to what you said - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Citation preview

Page 1: Say Something!

Sociological TheorySay Something!

Page 2: Say Something!

Say Something

• Read the information on the slide…whether it’s a picture or written word

• Say Something about what you just read– Make a prediction– Ask a question– Clarify your thinking– Make a connection– Summarize the information so far

• Someone will respond to what you said• That someone will then repeat the process

Page 3: Say Something!
Page 4: Say Something!

The Enlightenment (18th c.)

• “Age of Reason”• Emergence of the ideal of political liberty– Societies that were more democratic began to

replace monarchies• Political revolutions– French and American revolutions (1789 & 1776)

• Rise of science and rational thought– Ascendance of science, diminishing importance of

“the church”

Page 5: Say Something!
Page 6: Say Something!

Industrial Revolution (19th c.)

• Shift from agrarian to industrial• Urbanization—“push and pull” economy• Extremes of wealth and poverty

Page 7: Say Something!
Page 8: Say Something!

Changes Brought by theIndustrial Revolution

• Inventions change the way we live and work, e.g. steam engine in 1763.

• Transportation and communication systems are greatly enhanced, e.g. trains, telegraph.

• Cities begin to dominate the western world.• Creates a new social order with the rise of an influential

middle class.• Poor working conditions for lower classes eventually lead to

new social and political movements.• Desire for markets and resources entice Europeans to take

over foreign lands (imperialism).

Page 9: Say Something!
Page 10: Say Something!

Origins of Sociology

• Sociology as a discipline is the product of two dramatic social changes:

1. The Enlightenment

2. The Industrial Revolution

Page 11: Say Something!

Emile DurkheimKarl Marx

Max Weber

Page 12: Say Something!

Key ProblemUnderstanding the social forces that produce social order and disorder

Page 13: Say Something!

Emile Durkheim (1858-1917)

• Key Concepts– Social Facts (They exist!)

• outside the individual, observable– Division of Labor

• Mechanical Solidarity vs. Organic Solidarity– Mechanical = more traditional, shared values, no division of labor– Organic = more modern, high division of labor, more integrated

society, vast differences of opinion

– Anomie• Normlessness = condition of society in which people become

detached from the norms that usually guide behavior

Page 14: Say Something!
Page 15: Say Something!

Key ProblemUnderstanding how the economic system of capitalism affects society and its people

Page 16: Say Something!

Karl Marx (1818-1883)

• Key Concepts– Historical Materialism

• The development of societies is shaped by the ways humans produce life’s necessities

– Class Struggle• By its nature, capitalist society is contentious; conflict between

workers (proletariat) and owners/capitalists (bourgeoisie) – Surplus Value

• The difference between what someone makes off your labor and what they pay you

– False Consciousness • Workers’ acceptance and defense of the capitalist system

Page 17: Say Something!
Page 18: Say Something!

Key Problems• Effects of

rationality on modern Society

• Response to Marx’s Economic Emphasiso Not simply

economics that produce reality, you need culture too

Page 19: Say Something!

Max Weber (1864-1920)

• Key Concepts– Rationalization• Oriented toward science, calculated, measured,

controlled• Rational vs. non-rational—capitalism is highly rational• All this rationality eliminates the human component

– Bureaucracy• Modern society is oppressive, increasingly bureaucratic

because increasingly rational

Page 20: Say Something!
Page 21: Say Something!
Page 22: Say Something!

Three Theoretical Paradigms• Structural Functionalism– Society is viewed as composed of various parts, each with

a function that, when fulfilled, contributes to society’s equilibrium

• Conflict Theory– Society is viewed as composed of groups that are

competing for resources

• Symbolic Interactionism– Society is viewed as composed of symbols that people

use to establish meaning, develop their views of the world, and communicate with one another

Page 23: Say Something!