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SaudiNICSaudiNICDomain Name RegistrationDomain Name Registration
©A. Al-Zoman
Abdulaziz H. Al-ZomanDirector of Saudi Network Information Center (SaudiNIC)
Internet Services Unit
King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Objective of this presentationObjective of this presentationObjective of this presentationObjective of this presentation
l Enhancing the communication
between US and YOU
l Sharing the knowledge
©A. Al-Zoman
l Understanding SaudiNIC
procedures and regulations
l Speeding up the registration process
l Knowing one’s responsibilities
AgendaAgendaAgendaAgenda
l Introduction and background
l Domain Name System (DNS)
l Example of setting up a zone
l Who does the registration on the Internet?
©A. Al-Zoman
l SaudiNIC
m Statistics
m Regulations
m Registration Procedures
m Registration System
l Summary
l Q & A
Introduction and BackgroundIntroduction and Background
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Basic Communication Basic Communication RequirementRequirementBasic Communication Basic Communication RequirementRequirement
212.26.18.4
www.saudinic.net.sawww.saudinic.net.sa
©A. Al-Zoman
Internet
198.77.88.4
I want to access SaudiNIC web site:
www.saudinic.net.sawww.saudinic.net.sa
What is naming and why?What is naming and why?
l Naming is the mechanism to
bind names to IP addresses
and vice versa.
l People don’t like to remember
numbers
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proxy.isu.net.sa is easier to
remember than 212.26.18.10
l Domain names are easier for
most people to relate to than a
numeric IP address
l System administrators
sometimes need to change IP
numbers
201201..2323..6767..88
www.saudinic.net.sa
What is a domain name?What is a domain name?
l It uniquely identifies a host on the Internet
l It simplifies the interaction with hosts on the Internet
l A domain name is mapped to its corresponding IP
address before interactions
Domain names are organized on hierarchical
©A. Al-Zoman
l Domain names are organized on hierarchical
structure. e.g.,
computer .department.organization .type .country
pc7.scrs.kacst.edu.sa
SLDSLD
TLDTLD
Hierarchical name treeHierarchical name tree
.
sasaegegukukedueducomcom . . .. . .
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SLDSLDeduedu comcom govgov
yahooyahoo mitmit
kacstkacst ksuksu
alpha sun2000
coxcox coycoy
foo
alpha.kacst.edu.sa foo.cox.com.sa
ftp
ftp.mit.edu
TopTop--Level DomainsLevel DomainsTopTop--Level DomainsLevel Domains
l Open generic Top-Level
Domains (gTLD):
m .com
m .org
m .net
Restricted generic Top-
l Country ccTLD (2 letters):
l There are ~ 243 ccTLD:
m .ae United Arab Emirates
m .au Australia
m .bh Bahrain
.kw Kuwait
©A. Al-Zoman
l Restricted generic Top-
Level Domains (gTLD):
m .mil
m .edu
m .gov
m .int
m .kw Kuwait
m .de Germany
m .eg Egypt
m .in India
m .pk Pakistan
m .sa Saudi Arabia
m .uk United Kingdom
m .za South Africa
m A
Domain Name SystemDomain Name System
©A. Al-Zoman
What is a domain name system?What is a domain name system?What is a domain name system?What is a domain name system?
l DNS developed to keep track of hostnames and IP
addresses throughout the Internet
l It consists of distributed, independent, and
cooperative systems, called domain name serversdomain name servers
These servers are arranged corresponding to the
©A. Al-Zoman
l These servers are arranged corresponding to the
naming hierarchy (i.e., based on domain name tree)
l Each DNS server maintains the data for a small part
of the tree
m Therefore, the DNS is distributed databases on many
domain name servers
DNS: DNS: Distributed and HierarchicalDistributed and HierarchicalDNS: DNS: Distributed and HierarchicalDistributed and Hierarchical
l There is NO single file for all domain names but
rather distributed databases on DNS servers
l Domain name registration is not centralized but
rather distributed to many organizations
This hierarchical manner allows for
©A. Al-Zoman
l This hierarchical manner allows for
m decentralized administration of name-to-address mapping
m delegation of responsibility and autonomy of each area
l Example:
m Administrator of sharikah.com.sa can change their zone
(e.g., adding a jeddah-branch.sharikah.com.sa zone)
without bothering com.sa administrator (SaudiNIC)
Type of DNS ServersType of DNS Servers
l Primary server.
m Gets its data from “zone files”
m Zone files are updated on the primary server
l Secondary server.
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l Secondary server.
m Copies zone-data from primary name-server
m Provides backup and load sharing
m Refreshes frequently
ExampleExampleSetting up A Zone File Setting up A Zone File On A Primary DNS ServerOn A Primary DNS Server
sharikah.com.sasharikah.com.sa
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Example: Example: sharikah.com.sasharikah.com.saExample: Example: sharikah.com.sasharikah.com.sa
l A company would like to register a domain name
m Check SaudiNIC whois database:
– http://www.saudinic.net.sa/domain/whois.htm
m Contact a local ISP (isp.net.sa) to do, for example:
– Domain name hosting (zone file configuration)
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– Domain name hosting (zone file configuration)
– Mail services (mail relay configuration)
m The ISP is using the following DNS servers:
– Primary DNS: ns.isp.net.sa
– Secondary DNS: ns2.isp.net.sa
– Secondary DNS: ns1.usa-isp.com
m and the following Mail servers
– Mail server: mail.isp.net.sa
– Backup mail server: netserv.isp.net.sa
TerminologyTerminologyTerminologyTerminology
l Zone: is the area (domain) of the DNS for which a server
is responsible
l Zone file: is a text file consist of records (lines) with a specific
format containing the zone information (e.g., DNS
servers, table of IP addresses-host names, A)
SOA (Start Of Authority) record: contains the information that
©A. Al-Zoman
l SOA (Start Of Authority) record: contains the information that
other name servers will learn about this domain
(e.g., who is the primary DNS, how frequent a
secondary should refresh its files, how long the
data should be cached, ...)
l NS record: denotes the name servers that are authoritative for
this zone
l MX record: specifies where to send email destined for the
corresponding machine or domain
Primary DNS Configuration FilePrimary DNS Configuration File
…
//etc/named.bootetc/named.boot
First Step: First Step: Instruct the DNS server to be a primary server for Instruct the DNS server to be a primary server for
sharikah.com.sasharikah.com.sa
©A. Al-Zoman
…
primary sharikah.com.sa db.sharikah
…
…
zone “sharikah.com.sa” {
type master;
file ”db.sharikah";
};
…
//etc/named.confetc/named.conf
The complete zone for: The complete zone for: db.sharikahdb.sharikah
; Nameservers
@ IN SOA ns.isp.net.sa hostmaster.isp.net.sa
( 99060201; Serial Number
28800 ; Refresh 8 hours
7200 ; Retry 2 hours
604800 ; Expire 7 days
86400 ; TTL 1 days )
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; Nameservers
IN NS ns.isp.net.sa.
IN NS ns2.isp.net.sa.
IN NS ns1.isp-usa.com.
; host-address table
www IN A 192.168.10.1
info IN A 192.168.10.2
IN MX 10 mail.isp.net.sa.
IN MX 20 netserv.isp.net.sa.
Setting up a zone file for: Setting up a zone file for: db.sharikahdb.sharikah
@ IN SOA ns.isp.net.sa hostmaster.isp.net.sa
( 99060201; Serial Number
28800 ; Refresh 8 hours
7200 ; Retry 2 hours
604800 ; Expire 7 days
86400 ; TTL 1 days )
©A. Al-Zoman
l Start Of Authority (SOA) sets `zone parameters':
m Caches refresh parameters
m Secondary DNS servers refresh parameters
m Zone serial number
m email: [email protected]
m primary: ns.isp.net.sa
Setting up a zone file for: Setting up a zone file for: db.sharikahdb.sharikah
;Primary and secondary nameservers:
IN NS ns.isp.net.sa.
IN NS ns2.isp.net.sa.
IN NS ns1.isp-usa.com.
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l NS records list DNS servers for the zone
m the primary server as well as secondary servers
Setting up a zone file for: Setting up a zone file for: db.sharikahdb.sharikah
IN MX 10 mail.isp.net.sa.
IN MX 20 netserv.isp.net.sa.
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l MX-record lists where mail is delivered
m The mail will be delivered first to the one with the lowest
precedence number
m Others are backup in case of delivery problems
Setting up a zone file for: Setting up a zone file for: db.sharikahdb.sharikah
; host-address table
www IN A 192.168.10.1
info IN A 192.168.10.2
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l “A” records map names to IP addresses
Domain Name Registration Domain Name Registration On The InternetOn The Internet
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Who does the registration on the Who does the registration on the Internet?Internet?Who does the registration on the Who does the registration on the Internet?Internet?
l Top-Level Domains are the responsibility of IANA– Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
– Network Solutions Inc - InterNIC
l generic: gTLD (e.g., .com, .net, .org)
l country code: ccTLD (e.g., .sa, A)
– Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)
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– Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)
l For each ccTLD there is an entity that administers
the domain name registration: – Define the sub-domains (STD)
– Setup registration policy
– Control the registration under STD.
– Make sure that names do not conflict and are appropriate
Who does the registration under Who does the registration under sasa--TLD?TLD?
l KACST- Saudi Network Information Center
(SaudiNIC)- since 1995.
l Managing Saudi domain name registration:
m edu.sa Academic institutes (e.g. Universities)
gov.sa Government organizations
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m gov.sa Government organizations
m com.sa Commercial entities
m net.sa ISPs
m org.sa Non-profit organizations
m med.sa Medical institutes (e.g., hospitals, clinics)
m sch.sa Schools (e.g., high schools, kindergarten)
m pub.sa For public - anything does not fit the above
SaudiNIC SaudiNIC Domain Name Registration Domain Name Registration
StatisticsStatistics
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SaudiNIC StatisticsSaudiNIC StatisticsSaudiNIC StatisticsSaudiNIC Statistics
Registered domains per year
615
500
600
700
Total: 864
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1 827
213
0
100
200
300
400
500
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
SaudiNIC StatisticsSaudiNIC StatisticsSaudiNIC StatisticsSaudiNIC Statistics
Registered domains in 1999
124
10096
129
100
120
140
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35
81
50
0
20
40
60
80
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1999
SaudiNIC StatisticsSaudiNIC StatisticsSaudiNIC StatisticsSaudiNIC Statistics
Registered domains per category
730
600
700
800
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46 34 299 7 9
0
100
200
300
400
500
com org net gov edu med sch
SaudiNICSaudiNICDomain Name Registration Domain Name Registration
RegulationRegulation
©A. Al-Zoman
SaudiNIC SaudiNIC -- RegulationRegulationGeneral:General:SaudiNIC SaudiNIC -- RegulationRegulationGeneral:General:
l Registration will continue as is until 14 Shawal 1420
m First come first served
m Based on legal documents (Commercial registration, trade
mark, A)
m Obvious derivation of the official name, trademark, or
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m Obvious derivation of the official name, trademark, or
activity
– English translation, transliteration, or abbreviation
l Starting 15 Shawal 1420 H, SaudiNIC will follow
m strictly first come first served.
SaudiNIC SaudiNIC -- RegulationRegulationGeneralGeneral::SaudiNIC SaudiNIC -- RegulationRegulationGeneralGeneral::
l Generic names (e.g., www, internet) and famous
people will not be registered under any domain
l Domain names are NOT for sale!
l Registering a domain name does not confer any
©A. Al-Zoman
l Registering a domain name does not confer any
legal rights to that name
SaudiNIC SaudiNIC -- RegulationRegulationApplicant:Applicant:SaudiNIC SaudiNIC -- RegulationRegulationApplicant:Applicant:
l The Applicant must be:– physically in KSA,
– belong to an entity registered in KSA, or
– belong to an entity that provides goods or services in KSA.
l Domain contacts:– Administrative contact must be located in KSA and from the entity
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– Administrative contact must be located in KSA and from the entity requesting the domain name
– Technical contact should be the one who are looking after the primary DNS server
l The Applicant agrees that:– information submitted is true
– domain name does not violate the right of a third-party
– it will not be used for any activity not permitted in KSA
– will inform SaudiNIC for any changes in the information
– will not register domain names for the purpose of selling them
SaudiNIC SaudiNIC -- RegulationRegulationRequirements:Requirements:SaudiNIC SaudiNIC -- RegulationRegulationRequirements:Requirements:
l A domain name application form
l A letter requesting the domain name registration– It must be on an official letterhead from the owner
l Legal documents (CR, TM, License, A)
At least two operational DNS servers hosting the
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l At least two operational DNS servers hosting the
domain name in question
l Applications are kept in a pending state– for three weeks until required documents are received
– then a warning message is sent
– if nothing is received within a week, SaudiNIC will reject the
request
SaudiNIC SaudiNIC -- RegulationRegulationDomain name format:Domain name format:SaudiNIC SaudiNIC -- RegulationRegulationDomain name format:Domain name format:
l A domain name is not case sensitive
l A domain name should be
m at least 3 and no more than 24 alphanumeric characters
m using the following characters: "A" - "Z", "0" - "9", and "-"
©A. Al-Zoman
m using the following characters: "A" - "Z", "0" - "9", and "-"
l The first character should be a letter (A-Z)
SaudiNICSaudiNICDomain Name Registration Domain Name Registration
ProcedureProcedure
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SaudiNIC Registration ProcedureSaudiNIC Registration ProcedureCustomer (Five Steps)Customer (Five Steps)SaudiNIC Registration ProcedureSaudiNIC Registration ProcedureCustomer (Five Steps)Customer (Five Steps)
1. Check the availability of the domain name– SaudiNIC whois database:
http://www.saudinic.net.sa/domain/whois.htm
2. Configure at least two DNS servers
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2. Configure at least two DNS servers – One is a primary DNS; others are secondaries
– should be active and responsive to DNS queries BEFORE this
application is submitted.
– It is strongly recommended that the secondary name server(s) be
on a completely separate physical network
SaudiNIC Registration ProcedureSaudiNIC Registration ProcedureCustomerCustomerSaudiNIC Registration ProcedureSaudiNIC Registration ProcedureCustomerCustomer
l 3. Fill the form and send it to SaudiNIC– Online: http://www.saudinic.net.sa/domain/app-online.htm
– Text: http://www.isu.saudinic.sa/domain/app-text.htm
– Fax: + 966 1 481 3254
– Email: [email protected]
4. Mail or fax the following documents (customer):
©A. Al-Zoman
l 4. Mail or fax the following documents (customer):– a letter (on an official letterhead) requesting the domain name
– Legal documents (e.g., Commercial registration, Trade mark,
Membership of Chamber of Commerce, License, etc.)
l 5. Follow up the registration– check your email
– check SaudiNIC whois: http://www.saudinic.net.sa/domain/whois.htm
– if you have not received anything from SaudiNIC within 2 working
days, please contact [email protected]
SaudiNIC Registration ProcedureSaudiNIC Registration ProcedureInternalInternalSaudiNIC Registration ProcedureSaudiNIC Registration ProcedureInternalInternal
Check
documentsrequest
problem
OKCheck
DNS
Servers
problem
Done!
Inform The
Customer
OK
©A. Al-Zoman
Rejection
Time (3-4 w)
problem
Pending
List
Inform The
Customer
correction
Pending
List
Inform The
Customer
problem
DNSs
are ready
Rejection
Time (3-4 w)
SaudiNIC Registration ProcedureSaudiNIC Registration ProcedureInternal Internal -- Step OneStep OneSaudiNIC Registration ProcedureSaudiNIC Registration ProcedureInternal Internal -- Step OneStep One
l Receiving and Checking the Request
m User support + Helpdesk
m Receiving requests: email, fax, postal/hand, Web
m Inserting the new request into the SaudiNIC database
m Check the request:
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m Check the request:
– domain name availability
– completeness of required documents
– validity of the request
m Contact ISP/customer for any missing information or
problems
– a warning message will be sent after 3 weeks if no response is
received
– The request will be rejected if nothing is received within a week
SaudiNIC Registration ProcedureSaudiNIC Registration ProcedureInternal Internal -- Step TwoStep TwoSaudiNIC Registration ProcedureSaudiNIC Registration ProcedureInternal Internal -- Step TwoStep Two
l Checking DNS servers
m At lease two DNS servers (Primary + Secondary)
m Accessible through the Internet
m Hosting the new domain name
l Contacting ISP/Customer for any problems
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l Contacting ISP/Customer for any problems
l Updating database
SaudiNIC Registration ProcedureSaudiNIC Registration ProcedureInternal Internal -- Step ThreeStep ThreeSaudiNIC Registration ProcedureSaudiNIC Registration ProcedureInternal Internal -- Step ThreeStep Three
l Registration
m Adding the domain name to our zone file
m Updating the database
m Informing the ISP/Customer
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SaudiNIC Registration SystemSaudiNIC Registration SystemWhat has been done?What has been done?SaudiNIC Registration SystemSaudiNIC Registration SystemWhat has been done?What has been done?
l Database
l Online information
m web site: www.saudinic.net.sa
m online forms (text, web)
domain lookup (whois)
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m domain lookup (whois)
m Tracking system
m documents (FAQs, how-to, RFCs, Regulation)
l Automation
m Internal procedure
m Registration
m DNS server checking
SummarySummarySummarySummary
l SaudiNIC will
m manage domain name
registration under .sa TLD
m Insure proper operation of
DNS
m delegate responsibilities to
l An ISP should
m be familiar with SaudiNIC
procedures and requirements
m cooperate with SaudiNIC to
help the customers
m represent customers for
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m delegate responsibilities to
ISPs to manage customer
domains
m support ISPs
l SaudiNIC can not
m delegate domain names not
under .sa
m represent customers for
registering domain names
m manage zone files of
delegated zones
m provide help and support to
customers
l An ISP should not
m be the owner of domains
m add more delay to the process
That’s not all, I’d like to thankThat’s not all, I’d like to thankThat’s not all, I’d like to thankThat’s not all, I’d like to thank
l Dr. Ibrahim Al-Furaih
l Raed Al-Fayez
l Sami Al-Moghrabi
l Wael Al-Ghamdi
©A. Al-Zoman
Thanks for attending Thanks for attending andand
good lock in your businessesgood lock in your businesses
©A. Al-Zoman
Abdulaziz H. Al-Zoman
Please do not forget to fill the survey and give it back to usPlease do not forget to fill the survey and give it back to us
