Satuan New( Unit)

SATUAN ( UNIT)

SURFACE FACILITIES

1 L (liter) = 1000 cm3 1 m3 = 1000 L (liter)

1 in3 = 16.387 cm3 1 U.S gal = 4 qt

1 ft3 = 28.317 L (liter ) 1 U.S gal = 3.7854 L (liter)

1 ft3 = 0.028317 m3 1 U.S gal = 3785.4 cm3

1 ft3 = 7.481 U.S gal 1 British gal = 1.20094 U.S gal

1 m3 = 264.17 U.S gal

UNITS VOLUME

Volume & Density

Commonly used in Europe

Volume

Mass Density

stock tankat gravity specific : 131.5 - 141.5

API oo

o

oAPI of water = 10 oAPI of Heavy oil 20 oAPI of Extra heavy Oil 10

1 g mol ideal gas at 0 oC, 760 mm Hg = 22.4140 liters = 22 414 cm3

1 lb mol ideal gas at 0 oC, 760 mm Hg = 359.05 ft3

1 kg mol ideal gas at 0 oC, 760 mm Hg = 22.414 m3

Density of dry air at 0 oC, 760 mm Hg = 1.2929 g/liter = 0.080711

lbm/ft3

Molecular weight of air = 28.97 lbm/ lb mol

1 g/cm3 = 62.43 lbm / ft3 = 1000 kg / m3 = 350 lbm / bbl

1 g / cm3 = 8.345 lbm / U.S . gal

1 lbm / ft3 = 16.0185 kg / m3

Volume & Density

Commonly used in Europe

COMMONLY UNITS USED IN PETROLEUM

INDUSTRY (1)

Customary Units Metric Units

Mscf , cuft (ft3) Std m3 (Sm3 ) , m3

ft2 m2

Lbm/cuft Kg/m3

Btu/lbm-oF kJ/kg.K

Btu/lbm kJ/kg

ft m

Length -Basic

-Secondary

Meter (m)

cm , km

foot (ft)

inch (in) , mile

Area -Basic

-Secondary

m2

cm2 , hectares (ha)

ft2

in2 , acres

Volume -Basic

-Secondary

m3

cm3 , liters (L)

ft3

US gallons (US gal),

in3, UK gas, bbl

Mass -Basic

-Secondary

kg, kmol

grams (g)

pounds (lb), lb-moles

Lb/US gal , lb/UK gal

Density -Basic

-Secondary

kg/m3

g/cm3

Lb/ft3

Time -Basic

-Secondary

second (s)

min (m), day (d),

year (a)

Second (sec)

Min, day, yr

Metric English

BASIC DIMENSION


INDUSTRY (2)


Btu/ft2-D-oF kJ/m2.d.K

Mscf/D Std m3/d

B/D m3/d

lbm kg

Lbm/cuft Kg/m3

psi kPa


INDUSTRY (3)


Btu (British Thermal Unit) kJ

Btu/D kJ/d ; W

kW kW

oF oC

oR K

Ft/D m/d


INDUSTRY (4)


scf Std m3

mile/hr Km/h

ft2/D m2/d

cp Pa.s

cSt m/s2

dyne/cm mN/m

Length

Length 1 in = 2.540 cm 100 cm = 1 m (meter) 1 micron = 10-6 m = 10-4 cm = 10-3 mm = 1 m (micrometer) 1 A (angstrom) = 10-10 m = 10-4 m 1 mile = 5280 ft 1 m = 3.2808 ft = 39.37 in

CONVERSION UNIT length

1 in = 2.540 cm

1 m (meter) = 100 cm

1 micron = 10-6 m = 10-4 cm = 10-3 mm = 1 m

1 A (angstrom) = 10-10 m = 10-4 m

1 mile = 5280 ft = 1.61 km

1 m = 3.2808 ft = 39.37 in

1 ft = 0.305 m = 12 in = 30.5 cm

CONVERSION UNIT Volume

1 m3 = 35.32 ft2 = 6.29 bbl = 1000 L

1 L = 0.001 m3 = 1000 cm3 = 0.035 ft3

1 bbl (API) = 0.159 m3 = 159 L = 5.61 ft3

1 ft3 = 0.0283 m3 = 28.3 L

CONVERSION UNIT Density

1 g/cm3 = 62.43 lbm/cuft = 1000 kg/m3

1 g/cm3 = 8.345 lbm/USgal

1 g/cm3 = 350 lbm/bbl

1 lbm/cuft = 16.0185 kg/m3

CONVERSION UNIT Pressure

1 bar = 14.50 psi = 0.987 atm = 1.02 kg/cm2

1 bar = 100 000 N/m2 = 100 kPa

1 psi = 6.86 kPa

Unit Pressure

1 bar = 1 x 105 Pa (pascal) = 1 x 105 N/m2 1 psia = 1 lbf / in

2 1 psia = 2.0360 in Hg at 0oC 1 psia = 2.311 ft H2 O at 70

o F 1 psia = 51.715 mmHg at 0 oC (Hg = 13.5955 g / cm

3 ) 1 atm = 14.696 psia = 1.01325 x 105 N / m2 = 1.01325 bar 1 atm = 760 mm Hg at 0 oC = 1.01325 x 105 Pa 1 atm = 29.921 in Hg at 0 oC 1 atm = 33.90 ft H2 O at 4

oC 1 psia = 6.89476 x 104 g / cm . s2

CONVERSION UNIT Mass

1 lbm = 453.59 g = 0.45359 kg

1 lbm = 16 oz = 7000 grains

1 grain = 64.79891 mg

1 kg = 1000 g = 2.2046 lbm

1 ton (short) = 2000 lbm

1 ton(long) = 2240 lbm

1 ton(metric) = 1000 kg

Viscosity

1 cp = 10-2 g / cm. s (poise)

1 cp = 2.4191 lbm / ft. H

1 cp = 6.7197 x 10-4 lbm /ft. s

1 cp = 10-3 Pa.s = 10-3 kg / m. s = 10-3 N. s / m2

1 cp = 2.0886 x 10-5 lbf . s / ft2

1 Pa.s = 1 N. s / m2 = 1 kg / m. s = 1000 cp

Viscosity

1 cp = 10-2 g / cm. s (poise)

1 cp = 2.4191 lbm / ft. h

1 cp = 6.7197 x 10-4 lbm /ft. s

Unit Power

1 hp = 0.74570 kw

1 hp = 550 ft . Lbf / s

1 hp = 0.7068 btu / s

1 watt (W) = 14.340 cal /min

1 btu / h = 0.29307 W (watt)

1 J / s (joule/s) = 1 W

Unit, Standard

ft , lb, s, lbf :

Length = ft

Area = ft2

Viscosity = lbm /ft. s

Pressure = lbf / ft2

Time = s

Flow rate = ft3 / s

s / ft

)ft(A

)s/ft ( Q

(luas)A

(rate) Q ) v ( Velocity

2

3

Work (W) = Q ( P1 - P2 )

= Q (P)

= Q (ft3/s) x P (lbf / ft2)

= ft.lbf/s x (hp /550 ft.lbf/s)

Work (hp) = (1/550) Q (P)

P = pressure loss (lbf/ft2)

Q = oil flow rate (ft3/s)

1 hp = 550 ft . Lbf / s

Unit Heat, Energy and Work

1 J = 1 N.m = 1 kg.m2 / s2

1 btu = 1055.06 J = 1.05506 kJ

1 btu = 252.16 cal

1 btu = 778.17 ft.lbf

1 hp.h = 0.7457 kW.h

1 hp.h = 2544.5 btu

1 hp = 2544.5 btu/h

1 ft.lbf = 1.35582 J

kW.h = 0.060 US$

= 600 Rupiah

Assumption 1 US$ = Rp 10.000

OIL FLOW IN PIPES

W = Q ( P1 - P2 ) = Q (P)

P = pressure loss (psi)

Q = oil flow rate (bbl/D)

P1 P2

Q

PIPE

1 btu = 778.17 ft.lbf

1 hp = 550 ft.lbf / s

What is power required to

flow (Horse Power) oil in

pipes above.

Flow Rate

Pressure

GAS FLOW IN PIPES

W = Q ( P1 - P2 ) = Q (P)

P = pressure loss (psi)

Q = Gas flow rate (MMSCF/D)

P1 P2

Q

PIPE

1 btu = 778.17 ft.lbf

1 hp = 550 ft.lbf / s

1 hp = 2544.5 btu/h

Cuft/D

BTU/D $/D

hp P P

Hp ~ Q x P

( P )

GAS FLOW IN PIPES

W = Q ( P1 - P2 ) = Q (P)

P1 P2

Q

PIPE

1 btu = 778.17 ft.lbf

1 hp = 550 ft.lbf / s

)/ft(lb p /s)q(ft 550 W(hp)

hp/550 s / ft.lb ft

lb p

s

ft q W

2f

3

f2f

3

START WITH BASIC UNITS

Gas Flow in Pipes

Scf

ft

V

V B

3

Standard

cond pipe

g

Q = Gas flow rate, MMSCF/D

D = Inside Pipe diameter, in

P1 P2

Qg

PIPE

Pipe

conditions

P and T

Cuft = ft3

Standard

Conditions

14.7 psi &

60 oF

SCF

Given :

What is gas velocity in pipes

? ( ft/s)

: Bg

bbl/scf) (res p

T z 0.00502 B

(cuft/scf) p

T z 0.0282 B

g

g

P Q B 1667 P 144 Q B 86400

10

550

1 HP

P(psi) 144 ft

in 144 x

in

lbP

ft

lbp

Q B 86400

10

scf

cuftB x

MMscf

scf 10 x

s 86400

D x

D

MMscfQ

s

ftq

550/)/ft(lb p /s)q(ft W(hp)

550/)/ft.lb hp/(550 s / ft.lb ft

lb p

s

ft q W

gggg

6

2

2

2

f

2

f

gg

6

g

6

g

3

2

f

3

ff2

f

3

hpsx

1 btu = 778.17 ft.lbf

1 hp = 550 ft.lbf / s

Gas velocity in pipes

(Assignment # 1, 11 - 9 2013)

P1 P2

Q

Q = Gas flow rate = 60 MMscf/D

D = Inside Diameter of pipes (20 in)

PIPE

A D Q

A

Q V

g

g

Q = Gas flow rate = 60 MMscf/D

D = Inside Diameter of pipes (20 in)

A D Q

A

Q V

g

g

If pressure and temperature in the pipe are equal to 600 psia and

120 F, respectively, and SG gas = 0.6. Determine velocity of gas

in the pipe ( ft/sec )

1) Derives equation no (1) below :

d

Q 20 N 1)

gg

Re

d ( in ) inside pipe diameter , (cp) , o (lbm/cuft) , v (velocity) , f (friction factor, dimensionless) , Hp (horse power) , Qg (Mscf / D)

P ( psi) , v = q / A ( q = flow rate), Nre = Reynold Number.

Assignment #1, 11-09-2012

Due 11 09 - 2013

P QConstant Hp )2 g

2) Find constant of equation no 2 below :

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Satuan New( Unit)