Simple - Effective

Satellite Treatment for CSO Control –

from Concept to Construction

By Mark Boner

Agenda

• WERF and EPA ORD CSO Demonstration Testing in

the 1990s in Columbus, GA

• Charleroi, PA CSO Program Development

• How Compressed Media Filter (CMF) Process

Works

• Springfield, OH CSO Program Performance

• Satellite Design Considerations, Footprint & Costs

WWETCO FlexFilter CMF Technology

West Point Lake

GA

Atlanta

Columbus, GA

Walter F. George Reservoir

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Upatoi Creek

Uchee Creek

Flat S

hoal

Creek

Mulberry

Creek

Bull Creek

Hannahatchee Creek

Mountain Creek

Long

Can

e Cr

Halawakee Creek

Hatchechubbee Creek

Bluf f Creek

Standing Boy Creek

Chattahoochee River

LakesStreams

7.47

6.29 5.52

6.79

4.31

8.105.78

5.47

5.17

5.905.27

5.52

7.71

7.60

5.535.81

5.79

5.88

5.987.77

6.387.09

5.14

6.50

6.64

7.53

Chemical and Biology

Chemical and Biology Chemical and Biology

Middle Chattahoochee River Middle Chattahoochee River

Watershed StudyWatershed Study

Regional Watershed Studies

Examined Chemical and Biological Characteristics

Middle

Chattahoochee

River

Watershed

Established

Linkages

Chemistry

Monitoring

and

Calibrated

BASINS

Modeling

Aquatic

Biology and

Habitat

Monitoring

Regional and

Interstate

Partnership

CSO TSS Concentration vs Volume

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

0 2 4 6 8 10

CSO Volume, MG

TS

S C

oncentr

ation,

mg/ll

U ptow n Park CSO Influe nt TSS

y = 1,671x

1

10

100

1,000

10,000

100,000

0.01 0.1 1 10

Eve nt V olum e , M G

TS

S L

oa

d,

lbs.

Source Water

Watersheds

Urban

Watersheds

T SS Yields by Watershed

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

CSO RC BU SB LC UP FS MO MU

TS

S Y

ield

, lb

s/a

cre

/ye

ar Urban Watershed

Urban & Suburban Watershed

Growing Sub-Urban Watershed

Rural Watersheds

CSO

Watershed

CattleCattle

Watershed Characterization Findings

Bull Creek - Urban and Suburban Land Use

y = 2E-08x1.77

1.E+00

1.E+01

1.E+02

1.E+03

1.E+04

1.E+05

1.E+06

1.E+07

1E+05 1E+06 1E+07 1E+08

Event Volume, Ft^3

TS

S L

oad

, L

BS

Modelled

Measured

Power (Measured)

Calibrated BASINS Model Pollutant Yields

CSO TSS Concentration vs VolumeCSO TSS Load vs Volume

Cryptosporidium & Giardia Sampling

• 47 wet weather samples

• Analysis using ICR and EPA 1623

• Giardia detected in ~60 % of samples and correlate to indicator organisms

• Cryptosporidium detected in ~ 10 % of samples (most in urban watershed below drinking water intakes)

Oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum

GIS Source Inventory Database

Facility Name, GPS Coordinates, Address, Permits, Time of Travel

and Susceptibility Analysis.

1st ever use of CMF for CSO treatmentNovember 4, 2016 NJDEP | CSO / CMF

Workshop |8

Uptown Park in Columbus GA Satellite CSO Treatment - Operating since 1995

• WERF Peer Review• EPA ORD QA• EPA CSO Award

CSO

SanSewer

CombinedSewer

Chemical Disinfectants: Chlorine with Dechlorination, Peracetic Acid, Chlorine DioxideBromine as BCDMH

O&M, Design and Cost Data

UV Disinfection

Compressed Media Filtration

Vortex Separation, Dissolved Air Flotation, Chemical Precipitation, Chemical Disinfection

Coarse Screening and Flow Controls

Hydraulic and Pollutant Load Techniques

Sodium Bisulfite Dechlorination

Technology Demonstration Testing under

USEPA ORD and WERF Peer Review

Columbus, GA

Satellite CSO Treatment Facilities

Hydraulic Profile

Coarse

Screening

Vortex

Outfall

Compressed

Media FilterCSO Influent

Degritting

Backwash

Blower

UV

Disinfection

UV

Disinfection

Excess Flow above

Design Capacity

CSO Volume vs TSS Concentration, mg/l

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01

Cummulative Event Volume, MG/acre

TS

S C

on

ce

ntr

ati

on

, m

g/l

Columbus Data

Clear Creek Data

Raw CSO Concentrations

aXb

Columbus, GA Atlanta, GA

aXb

Dosing Curves at 10 MGD Flow &

Quality Factor of 1.0

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

0 1 2 3 4

Cummulative Volume, MG

So

diu

m H

yp

oc

hlo

rite

Do

se

, m

g/l

30*C

25*C

20*C

15*C

Dosing Feed Curves Based on Wastewater

Temperature and Cumulative CSO Volume

aXb

Direct Disinfection of CSOs

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0 20 40 60 80 100

Cummulative CSO Volume, MG

So

diu

m H

yp

oc

hlo

rite

Do

se

,

mg

/l

Raw CSO

Filtered CSO

Raw CSO Disinfection

4-times the Peak Dose and

10-times the precursors

Dosing Feed Curves for Raw CSO vs Filtered CSO

y = 3E+07x-2.901

R² = 0.859

1

10

100

1,000

10,000

100,000

1,000,000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Eff

lue

nt

Fe

ca

l C

oli

form

, #

/10

0 m

l

PAA Concentration per mg/l NH3N

Raw CSO PAA Disinfection Dose Response to Fecal Coliform

y = 5E+12x-1.653

R² = 0.8273

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

0 500,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 2,000,000 2,500,000

EC

, #/1

00m

l

Dose x UF %T, watt-sec

UV Disinfection Performance vs Dose x Light Transmittance

Disinfection Conclusions

• Chemical and UV disinfection can be defined

as a function of wastewater quality and

temperature.

• Wet weather quality is rapidly changing but

predictable for disinfection control.

• Oxidant dose versus TRC can be used to

control the dechlorination feed control.

• DBPs are a function of dose and quality.

• DBPs production can be reduced through

precursor reduction and UV disinfection.

4% Digressions from the STV maximum day criteria. No Exceedances

of Bacteria Standards with a 10% STV Frequency threshold in the

same 30-day period.

Columbus GA CSO Program Downstream Monitoring Results

WWETCO FlexFilter CMF Technology

WWTP Discharge & CSO Treatment

WTP Intake

Treated CSO Discharge

Authority of the Borough of Charleroi, PAWater & Wastewater Infrastructure ProgramWet Weather Control & Treatment

Combined Sewer System Watershed

Wet Weather Flow:10 MGD WWF

Charleroi, PASatellite CSO Treatment

Backwash 1 MGD

Treated Effluent During Wet Weather up to 9 MGD

WWTP

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15

TS

S C

on

cen

tra

tio

n,

mg

/l

Influent & Effluent TSS

Influent TSS

Effluent TSS

Average Influent TSS = 200 mg/l

Average Effluent TSS = 24 mg/l

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112131415

CB

OD

Co

nce

ntr

ati

on

, m

g/l

Influent & Effluent CBOD

Influent CBOD

Effluent CBOD

Average Influent CBOD = 84 mg/l

Average Effluent CBOD = 25 mg/l

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

% R

em

ov

al

% Removals for TSS and CBOD

% CBOD Rem

% TSS Rem

Average TSS Removal = 87%

Average CBOD Removal = 70%

UV Disinfection

Coarse Screening

5-Cell

FlexFilter

Matrix

Backwash

Blowers

Post Event

Backwash

Pumping

Recycle

Pumping

Effluent

Pumping

Charleroi, PA Satellite CSO Treatment

Courtesy of KLH Engineers

40’

60’

Pumped CSO Influent 10 MGD

Five 6’ by 30’ FlexFilter cells

10” Backwash Supply BFV

Backwash to Downstream Sanitary Sewer1.0 MGD Rate

WWETCO 10 MGD FlexFilter™ EHRT Satellite CSO Treatment – Upper Plan

Duty/Standby Blowers @ 1,440 scfm and 4 psi Backwash Air

Treated CSO Discharge 9 MGD

Footprint based upon 24” outer wall thickness

UV Disinfection

Chamber

Post Event Backwash Pumping 1 MGD

10” Air BFV

Cell Effluent Weir

12” Backwash Flap

12” Backwash Flap

12” Filter Drain Gate

12” Backwash Gate

16” Influent Gate

Opening to Effluent Storage or Disinfection Contact Below

1

412” Drain

Gates

5321

Controlled Outflow

12” Draindown GateDraindownPumped to Influent Channel

Treated CSO Discharge

UV Disinfection

Post Event Backwash Pumping 1.0 MGD

Opening above from filter effluent channel.

Disinfection Contact & Backwash Cleanup Volume

Lower Plan

Backwash Attenuation Volume

Recycle Storage Volume

Controlled Outflow

Backwash to Downstream Sanitary Sewer1.0 MGD Rate

12” Drain Gates

DraindownPumped to Influent Channel

Charleroi, PA Satellite CSO TreatmentCourtesy of McCrossin Constructors

Charleroi, PA Satellite CSO TreatmentCourtesy of McCrossin Constructors

WWETCO FlexFilter CMF Technology

Influent Flow

Filtration Mode

Effluent Flow

Lateral Passive Compression

Spent Backwash

Backwash Supply

Backwash Mode

Blower Air 10 cfm/sq ft

Drain Mode

UncompressedFilter Media

CompressedFilter Media

A porosity gradient is created

by the lateral compression of

the media bed.

The result is the stratification

and removal of large and small

particles throughout the media

bed.

This allows the FlexFilter™ to

treat high solids laden waters.

Real Time Filtration of Primary

Influent at 250 to 300 mg/l TSS

Filter Cycle (Time Lapse of 2 hrs)

1. Backwash

2. Filter Drain

3. Fill and Compress

4. Filtration

5. Backwash Again

Time Lapse Video

Filtration of Primary Influent

at 250 to 300 mg/l TSS

Front Influent Chamber

Back Influent ChamberInfluent

Channel

Filter Chamber

Recycle Chamber

Air Supply

Recycle Gate

Influent Gate

Effluent Channel

Flap Gate

Compression Bladder

Backwash Trough

Underdrain & Air Diffuser

Filter Drain

Cross-Section of a Typical Filter Cell

Return Mud

Valve

Return Channel

Backwash Supply

Valve

Effluent Chamber

Front Influent Chamber

Back Influent ChamberInfluent

Channel

Filter Chamber

Recycle Chamber

Air Supply

Recycle Gate

Influent Gate

Flap Gate

Compression Bladder

Backwash TroughFilter Drain

Cross-Section of a Typical Filter Cell

Return Mud

Valve

Return Channel

Backwash Supply

Valve

Effluent Storage & Contact Chamber

Cell called on-line – bladder compresses and filtration begins

Filtration – As solids are removed head builds

Cell goes off-line and initial drain-down

Backwash and final drain-down

WWETCO FlexFilter CMF Technology

Disinfection

& Discharge

Primary Clarifier

Preliminary Treatment

Biological Treatment

Secondary Clarifier

Disinfection

Attenuate Backwash

returned to WWTP

CMF Tertiary Filtration &

Nutrient Control

Meets Secondary Treatment

Criteria & WQS

Excess CSO Flow

Auxiliary Treatment

Springfield, OH 100 MGD HRT for CSO40 MGD WWTPB&V Design

Construction by Kokosing ½” CSO Screening

Up to 100 MGD

CSO

Backwash

100 MGD WWETCO FlexFilter EHRT for CSO Treatment CMAS

Trickling Filters

PrimariesSecondaries

Disinfection & Post Air

Headworks

Digestion

Bio-solids Handling

• High-rate / high-performance / small footprint• No chemicals required to remove solids• Operating power less than $5 per million gallons treating CSO• Operating power less than $1 per million gallons when polishing

• Unmanned operation with simple flow and level controls• Automated cleanup• Scheduled & Operator initiated automatic exercise of gates and

valves• Can be placed underground & ideal for unmanned satellite

applications

10 MGD FlexFilter Cell – Longitudinal Elevation

Backwash & Drain Down

Storage Effluent Channel

Influent Channel

Influent Flap Gate

4 filter strips 6’x30’ each

WasteFilter Drain

Secondary Backwash Supply

Influent

Primary Backwash Supply

Filter Drain

Backwash Air

Backwash Flap Valves

10 MGD FlexFilter Cell – Sectional Elevation

4 filter strips 6’x30’ each

Waste

Filter Drain

Secondary Backwash Supply

Influent

Filter Drain

30” Media Bed

Pressure Sensor

Backwash Trough

Backwash Outlet (both sides)

Bladder Surrounding Media Bed

Backwash Air Diffuser

Bottom Perforated

Plate

Video of Filtration Mode at Mid-level Over Filter

Video of Influent Chamber (East Side)

Compression

Bladder

After 10 months

of operation

bladder

compression

channels are free

of debris

Channel Behind Bladder

Secondary Treatment Criteria

(7:14A-12.2 & 40 CFR 133.105)

CBOD5

25 mg/L Monthly Average

40 mg/L Weekly Average

TSS

30 mg/L Monthly Average

45 mg/L Weekly Average

TP

Incidental through solids reduction

Performance Summary

Springfield, OH CSO HRT

Event Composite Average

65 events

March 2015 to June 2017

CBOD5 = 19.9 mg/L

TSS = 15.1 mg/L

TP = 0.4 mg/L

NH3-N = 2.2 mg/L

Other Benefits:

• Pathogen Indicators: Compressible Media Filtration produces an

effluent with particle size equal to or less than 10 microns amenable to

both chemical or UV disinfection, proven to meet Recreational criteria.

• 50% Discharge Volume Reduction: Treatment system captures small

events and returns organics for uniform biological treatment.

WWETCO FlexFilter

WWETCO FlexFilter

WWETCO FlexFilter CMF Technology

Multi-Year Study to test and evaluate specific satellite treatment

• High-performance satellite end-of-pipe treatment can:

• Protect public health and aquatic biology

• Be a cost effective alternative• Provide pollutant reductions

meeting secondary criteria• Capture more frequent small events • Reduce sediment oxygen

demanding loads• Offer a foundation for green spaces

& other community amenities

• Satellite Treatment facilities can be:

• Unmanned• Odor free• Adaptable to multiple

locations• Small footprint• Below grade

Jointly Funded by USEPA & NJDEP

September 2017

https://www.state.nj.us/dep/dwq/pdf/WWFTDDP_Report.pdf

Technical Advisory Committee Members:• Daniel Murray, P.E. (EPA ORD)• Richard Field P.E., D.WRE, BCEE

(EPA ORD, Retired)• Peter Moffa, P.E. • Jurek Patoczka, PhD, P.E. • Qizhong Guo, PhD, P.E. (Rutgers)

The Trinity

Oversite Committee Members:• Stanley Cach, P.E., D. WRE BCEE

(NJDEP)• Shadab Ahmad, P.E. (NJDEP)• Thomas O’Conner, P.E. (EPA ORD)

11/26/2018 65

The historical distribution of wet weather event contributions are evaluated with respect instream STV criteria to determine design treatment levels.

En

gin

eers

’ C

Lu

bo

f S

t. L

ou

is

OPY – Overflows per Year

Design Approach to Solids Removal and Disinfection Satellite TreatmentExample shows treatment rate based upon 95% bacteria load reduction equates to 0.1 MGD per acre of combined sewer drainage area.

95% Bacteria Load Reduction at 0.1 MGD/acre

85% Bacteria Load Reduction

at 0.05 MGD/acre

50% Bacteria Load Reduction

at 0.01 MGD/acre

100% Bacteria Load Reduction at 0.5 MGD/Acre

Reference: City of Perth Amboy – Utilities Services Affiliates

Option for Dilute Water Disinfection

Staged Treatment Approach for Wet WeatherAuxiliary & Satellite Facilities

Storage or Chemical

Disinfection

Maximize Flow to POTW

Match Infrequent Untreated Discharges to In-

Stream STV Magnitude/Frequency Criterion

Dilute Flow

Disinfection

Excess Q

Coarse Screens

UV Disinfection

Compressed Media Filter

(CMF)

Design Flow

CSO

3% Attenuated

Backwash

plus 3% Compensationfor

Floatables Control

PAA Disinfection

Combined

PAA & UV

Internal Recycle

Satellite or Auxiliary Treatment Train

Grit Removal (if needed)

11/26/2018 68

Satellite Facility Hydraulics

Maximize use of hydraulic

gradient available in drainage

system…

Maximum level

without backups

Balance footprint with

available hydraulic gradient

High Head

Application

11/26/2018 69

Satellite Facility Hydraulics

Maximize use of hydraulic

gradient available in drainage

system…

Maximum level

without backups

Balance footprint with

available hydraulic gradient

Low Head

Application

low-head effluent

pumping when needed

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

La

nd

Re

qu

ire

d a

t 2

-tim

es

Str

uc

ture

Are

a, A

cre

s

Design Treatment Rate, MGD

Land Requirements for 28 System Wide HRT Facilities at 95% Bacteria Treatment Level

Average HRTDesign Flow = 19 MGDrequires about 0.14 acres(2 times treatment structure)

System wide land required = 4.14 acres

$35

$55

$75

$95

$115

$135

$155

$175

$195

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

Co

nstr

ucti

on

Co

st

per

Acre

CS

S

Th

ou

san

ds

Design Treatment Rate, MGD

Construction Costs for 28 System-Wide HRT Facilities at 95% Bacteria Treatment Level

Average HRTDesign Flow = 19 MGD withConstruction Cost = $51,000per Acre CSS

System-wide Average HRT Construction Cost = $46,000Per Acre CSS

Takeaway

• HRT facilities can be designed as satellite systems to treat

episodic wet weather CSO events to protect the

beneficial uses of receiving waters.

• CMF HRT facilities can meet secondary treatment

effluent criteria and are amenable to disinfection by

either UV or chemical disinfection.

• Auxiliary HRT systems at the WWTP can add significant

dual function benefits as tertiary or enhanced primary

treatment capacity.