Satellite Driven Studies of Climate Mediated Changes in Antarctic Food Webs

8/9/2019 Satellite Driven Studies of Climate Mediated Changes in Antarctic Food Webs

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, , , ,Mathew Oliver Andrew Irwin Josh Kohut Oscar Schofield William

Fraser

Satellite Driven Studies of Climate Mediated Changes

in Antarctic Food Webs

Also we acknowledge National Science Foundation s& ,Office of Polar Programs LTER program Gordon

and Betty Moore Foundation


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-0.2 0.2Temperature trends per year


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The West Antarctic

Peninsula is the

located close to the

Antarctic

Circumpolar Currentcompared to the rest

of the continent.

This current is the

source of heat to

this region as the

warm is a balmy 4degrees.


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Winter air temperature

increases over the PeninsulaSea ice duration drops

Sea ice season is almost 90 days shorter


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Peak sea ice timing is shifting


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These ice changes are expected to have large impacts on

the ecosystem. Expectations are specific critters will be

disproportionately impacted.

Adlie penguin( Pygoscelis adeliae)


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.Adliepenguins form rookeries in fixed locations year after year.Rookeries are formed and breeding pairs raise their young For their

young the parents need a predictable food resource that can be.ascertained in a less then a days swim


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SummerForaging

Regions

WinterForaging

Regions

What are the main

foraging regions?

To determine that we take

advantage of the ecology/evolution

which has determined the prime

locations to be. How?? glue stick..


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nvers IslandHot spots along the peninsula are associated with

,deep undersea canyons located near suitable breeding areas(~ ).which can be reached in a days foraging effort 30 km


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Changes have altered the base of the food chain

Montes-Hugo et al. 2009 Vernet et al. 2008

30-year seasonal change ~20-year January trend


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These changes have altered the base of the food chain

F b l 1997


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0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96

K

rill:S

alp

Year

I

ceInd

ex

6

4

2

R2

= 0.56

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

Kr

ill:S

alp

Ice Index642

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

Krill:S

alp

Mean Air Temperature (C)

0-2-4

FromLoeb et al., 1997

R 2 = 0.63


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Major changes seen in the upper trophic levels


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Penguin distributions have shifted


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Conclusions

2011 is the major field season, with a glider fleet to be

deployed in January 2011. The glider movements will be

adjusted based on real-time data from radio-tagged penguindata.

Satellite derived water masses will be used to map the outer

boundary sampling regimes

The glider fleet will be outfitted to measure:

-Phytoplankton biomass (fluorometry)

-Penguin poop plumes (Colored dissolved organic matter

fluorescence)

-Particle load (backscatter)-Phytoplankton physiology (Fv/Fm)

-Ecosystem metabolism (oxygen)

-Zooplankton load (acoustic backscatter)

Use real-time data to enable adaptive sampling.

N th t S th Ch i A t ti il fi hN th t S th Ch i A t ti il fi h


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North to South Changes in Antarctic silverfishNorth to South Changes in Antarctic silverfish

((Pleuragramma antarctica)Pleuragramma antarctica)PopulationsPopulations

ANVERS IS

98%

1%

1%

Krill

Fish

Other

54%

45%

1%

98%

1%

1%

Krill

Fish

Other

ADELAIDE IS

-1994present

-1995present

Documents

Satellite Driven Studies of Climate Mediated Changes in Antarctic Food Webs