Sarah Lomanto

AgEd 410

Cal Poly-SLO

Parts of a Plant

• Roots• Leaves• Stems• Fruit• Flowers

Diagram of Plant Parts

Root Systems

Two Basic Types of Root Systems

Fibrous- The roots branch from the bottom of the plant (corn and beans)

Taproot- A long tapering root (carrots and dandelions)

Parts of Root Systems

• Root Hairs- involved in absorption of nutrients from the soil

• Root Cap & Meristem- conducting tissue, involved in conducting moisture & nutrients to the plant

Types of Leaves

• Simple leaves

• Compound leaves

• Needle leaves

Leaves

• Food manufacturing factory of the plant which performs Photosynthesis and contains the green pigment, Chlorophyll

Leaves Also...

• Capture solar energy, which is converted into chemical energy in the form of sugars and starch and is transferred up the food chain

Parts of Leaves

• Stomata- small openings in the leaf that help cool the plant through Transpiration

• Blade- main body of the plant

• Petiole- small stem which attaches the blade to the main plant stem

More Parts of Leaves

• Midrib- large central vein down the middle of the leaf

• Apex- tip of the leaf

• Base- bottom of the leaf & attaches to the petiole

• Margin- edge of the leaf

Different Types of Leaves

• Can you identify the parts we discussed on these different types of leaves?

Stems

• Central support structure of the plant

• Contain buds which are found in the area referred to as the node

External Anatomy of Stems

• Internodes- Areas between the buds

• Bark Lenticels

• Leaf Scars

• Scale Scars

Internal Anatomy of Stems

• Xylem

• Phloem

• Cambium

• Sapwood

• Heartwood

• Pith

Stem Anatomy of Herbacious Plants

• Epidermis

• Cortex

• Pith

• Vascular Bundles

Fruit

• Ripened ovule or egg

• In most plants the ovule or egg is fertilized by the sperm (the pollen) and the ovary matures into the fruit

• Fruit are usually classified by their structure and number of ovules

Simple Fruits

• Develop from a simple ovary

• Can be fleshy or dry

Fleshy Simple Fruit• Classified as a “Drupe” or “Pome”

• A drupe has a stone in the center of the fruit which is the seed

• A pome has several seeds, usually in a chamber

Dry Simple Fruit

Classified in two categories

Dehiscent

Indehiscent

More Fruit Classifications

• Aggregate fruits are developed from a single flower with many ovaries

• Multiple fruit have flowers that are separated but closely clustered

Flowers

• Four main parts

• Sepals

• Petals

• Stamens

• Pistils

Flower Classification

• Complete- has all four main parts

• Incomplete- missing any of the four primary parts

• Perfect- has both a pistil and a stamen (the female and male reproductive structures)

• Imperfect- missing the stamen or pistil

The Pistil

• Female reproductive structure and has three primary parts

• Stigma- pollen collecting structure, located at the top of the pistil

• Style- support structure below the stigma

• Ovary- enlarged portion which contains ovules or eggs

The Stamen

• Male reproductive structure usually surrounding the pistil

• Anther- pollen bearing structure

• Filament- acts as a stalk to support the anther