Dr P (Vassie) NaidooSAPCUKZN

BACKGROUND:Definition Evolution of CE/CPD CPD: Barriers.CPD in other countries

CPD IN SASAPC: Its CPD journeyGuidance document (Process)CPD cycleCompetence StdsInterns

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‘Continuing professional development means the process by which natural persons registered with Council continuously enhance their competence throughout their professional careers, and encompasses a range of activities including continuing education and supplementary training’. 1

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It can involve any activity that is relevant to a persons practice and can take the form of formal and structured or informal and self directed learning. CPD is crucial and necessary to ensure that HP remain current and competent at all times. (HPCSA)

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Rouse defines CPD for pharmacist as: “an ongoing,self-directed,structured,

outcomes focused cycle of learning and personal improvement.” 2

The International Federation of Pharmacists (FIP) directly linked CPD to maintenance of competence in their 2002 statement- where they state that CPD is

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“the responsibility of individual pharmacists for systematic maintenance, development and broadening of knowledge, skills and attitudes, to ensure continuing competence as a professional, throughout their careers.”3

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Health and Care Professionals Council (HCPC-UK) define continuing professional development (CPD) as ‘a range of learning activities through which health and care professionals maintain and develop throughout their career to ensure that they retain their capacity to practice safely, effectively and legally within their evolving scope of practice’ 4

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There is no ideal (CPD) model to adopt, each country should design its own system by taking into account the way in which healthcare is organised, the local cultural and economic situation, the demand for continuing education, and the constraints and resources available.5

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Historically regulatory authorities protected the public by ensuring that pharmacists were competent at the time of entry to practice.6

Parallel to this a system was developed to ensure the continuing provision of safe and effective care by practitioners.

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However as the discovery of health-related information grew, new methods were needed to ensure that practitioners' knowledge was continuously updated and incorporated into practice.6

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Continuing education (CE) was introduced to address this need.

Many countries introduced mandatory CE as a requirement to maintain licensure or certification.6

The goal of mandatory CE was to assure the public of the continuing quality of care provided by practitioners.6

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As experience was gained with mandatory CE, evidence-research documented that mandatory CE was ineffective at influencing practice performance.6

This led the professions, including pharmacy, to pose questions such as: “Is a better system possible?

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Suggestion- better method of ensuring maintenance of competence relative to mandatory CE is CPD.

Many international, national, and provincial pharmacy organizations, have supported CPD programs for this purpose.6

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CPD is a process usually thought of as a circle connecting the stages of :

Reflection, Planning, Action, Evaluation. 7

It involves a cycle in which individual practitioners

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Reflect –practice; assess knowledge and skills, identify learning needs.

Create a personal learning plan. Implement the plan. Evaluate the effectiveness - Documentation-an integral aspect of CPD,

and a personal portfolio is used for this purpose.8

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CE can be seen as one part of CPD process which involves traditional methods such as:

Lectures, Workshops, Distance learning courses

CPD- focus- on individual, CE structured to address learning needs of majority of practitioners.7

Study : CPD –better than CE-9

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Study -SA with nurses-following barriers

Family and Social commitments

Time constraints

Employers restrictions

Other –not defined.10

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Perception that CPD is time consuming.

Misunderstanding of the CPD process and what is involved for the pharmacist.

Difficulties in identifying learning needs and evaluating CPD activities.

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Country System (M) Credits Portfolio

The Netherlands

CE (Yes) 40 hrs (6days)-accredited CE, 50% in PC/Pharmacotherapy

Great Britain

CPD (Yes) 12 entries/yr

France CE(No) Not yet determined

Germany CE (No) 150 CE credit pointsPer 3 yrs. 1 credit/per 45 minutes

Certified CE courses (No)

Active participation in certificate course

Australia CE + CPD (No) 40 credit pts./yr 1-3 credit pt /hr-type of activity

Collecting evidenceFor credit pts

(Re)Accreditation-MR –QCPP(No)

MR: collect evidence for credit pt

New Zealand CE + CPD (Yes) 12 outcome credit/3 yr (1-4 credit per activity)

Collect evidence for credit pts

Ontario (Canada)

CPD + Practice review (Yes)

No formal requirements on content and no of entries

USA CE (Yes) Each state –amt of CE credit to be collected

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Before 2003: Discussions on CPD initiated 2004 –Council approved-all persons

registered-must participate in CPD and approved-competency standards.

2005, Focus changed from Competence to Compliance.

2007: Life Long Learning Conference England-SAPC attend.

2007: Consultation with the the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (RPSGB).

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Service level agreement: SAPC adopts the UK model

2008: Council resolved-recording system be used to record CPD activities online.

2009 : SAPC - Finland LLL conference 2009 : Council approved CPD regulations, 2009 – Guidance documents for CPD for

persons registered with SAPC-approved. available on SAPC website.

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2009:Facilitators -HOPS and Corporates

2009: 15th May CPD facilitators- trained.

Purpose of facilitators.◦Co facilitate at Councils CPD Workshops, ◦Facilitate CPD training sessions on

request,◦Promote CPD awareness in their

constituencies,◦Disseminate information on

developments and changes.

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Pilot: Used UK software Pilot study participants Prior to Pilot study, pre pilot survey

questionnaire administered Recording of CPD :4th Nov 2009--30th Sept

2010 Post pilot survey—from 1st Oct 2010 Results obtained-customised—SA

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2010 regulations published for comments. 2013 – Council awaits- Regulations relating to CPD

for persons registered with Council to be published by the Minister of Health for implementation.

Mandatory after publication and training.Road-shows in all provinces –after publicationto create awareness of CPD and to clarify issues

relating to SAPC CPD requirements.

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Practising pharmacist.

All first time applicants, registered persons -January 2014, until

Declare they are non-practising or fail to comply with the requirement relating to CPD.

Community service pharmacists, tutors, responsible pharmacists, Council inspectors, assessors, examiners, moderators and any pharmacist involved in training of any category of registered person, -- not be permitted to be non-practising.

All issued with a 'practising' registration card.

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Non-practising The following will apply to persons who

have been designated or who have declared themselves as non-practising:

(i) they will have access to the online annual declaration

(ii) they will not be able to record any CPD activities online

(iii) they will be issued with a registration card.

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Change-practising to non-practising (online Change from non-practising to practising: (i) Submit application form to the Registrar (ii) payment of the prescribed fee (iii) Apply 30 days prior to commencement (iv) Registrar-not approve-appeal-Council (v)

Evaluated and treated on its own merit.Change of designations may be required to

comply with certain conditions that the Council may determine.

 

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Annual declaration –online-all reg persons- practising or non-practising status

The online declaration must be completed:   (i) Annual basis-payment of the annual fee (ii) First time registered-particular category (iii) Restored to the Council register. The annual declaration will provide Council with

an indication of who will be practising or non-practising and who will need to comply with CPD requirements.

 

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(i) completion of the online annual declaration

(ii) participation in CPD and recording CPD activities annually on a web-based system provided by Council

(iii) recording CPD activities online following the CPD cycle in the format approved by Council

(iv) maintaining an electronic portfolio of evidence.

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5 year assessment plan. Proposed-20% of pharmacists be sampled

each year until all pharmacists are assessed. System –automate-random selection of 20%

pharmacists for the purpose of assessment. Selected pharmacists-informed, assessors

will be appointed and trained. System will then automate the allocation of

the sampled pharmacists to appointed assessors.

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Pharmacist-flagged-register-assess. Assessment-all 6 submitted entries. Provision -submission on CD Feedback-pharmacist-office of Registrar

Assessment of the quality- submitted in terms of◦ Whether the training need is related to the title◦ Whether there is a relationship between the title

and what has been learned◦ What extent has the learning made the registered

person better in what he/she is doing.◦ The primary mode of assessment of CPD activity

will be a review of the record of CPD activities.  

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Submit min.no. of 6 CPD entries-annually –review annually.

Excluding interns, can begin one third of the CPD entries anywhere on the cycle.

Keep own personal electronic portfolio of evidence, not upload on the online system.

Council may require evidence anytime during the assessment -request registered persons individually to electronically upload their evidence.

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Registered in categories -Section 14 of Act, designated as practising on the register, changed by Council from practising to non-practising -not comply relating to participation& recording thereof in the format approved by Council.

Non compliance to CPD requirements-managed in terms of regulation 6(1) of the regulations relating to CPD.

Right to appeal

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Submit-application-deferment- compliance Reasons acceptable to Council. Council will consider reasons such as: (i) Temporary incapacity as defined in the Labour

Relations Act, maternity leave (ii)No access - online being suspended (iii)Deployed-risk-national security (iv)Deployment-country-no internet conn. (v) Other reasons substantiated by the applicant and

deemed fit by Council .

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Person registered with council-apply for deferment – if such a person is practicing in a country where CPD is mandatory-submit evidence that he/she is compliant with CPD requirement of that country.

In countries where CPD is not mandatory registered persons practicing in those countries will be required to comply with SAPC CPD requirement.

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All registered persons who are designated as practising will be required to participate in CPD by following the CPD cycle.

The CPD cycle is a process that involves four steps, namely:

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RECORD

Reflection on practice, Assess your knowledge and skills. SELF DIAGNOSE a learning need by asking questions such as - What do I need to know? What do I need to be able to do?); What services do I want to deliver, what are my development needs in this area,

If there are many, learning needs identified, then you need to prioritise them for your next step which is

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Plan what learning activities you can undertake or-steps - address the gaps in knowledge and skills identified.

Here ,areas in your practice - that need to improve can also be identified and addressed.

Learning activities -informal and formal dist. educ. work shadowing, study groups, coaching, attendance of formal lectures, conferences ,workgroups, sp.projects and assignments, computer-aided learning and the reading of articles/journals.

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The third step -implementing plans that have been selected during the planning stage

Specific plans-carried out within the defined time limit-summary-what has been achieved.

Learning activities -changes made-practice must be documented in your portfolio.

Once the planned activity has taken place it time to move onto the next stage.

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4th step-reflect on-assess-impact -both -development as a person and pharmacist, and impact -practice of the profession.

This stage -questions -asked such as Has my learning objective been met Tested –what- learnt -applied to practice Am I now able to work differently Problems with the reflection, planning or

action parts. Eg.learning need identified correctly and the objective specific enough.

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Competence standards-developed- tool-assess -learning needs.

Gaps in your knowledge and skills-compare with those required by the standards.

Structured –help-identify areas –practice- be modified and/or improved.

Based -7 unit standards-entry level pharm.-accepted by SAPC as the minimum competencies required for entry into the profession

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3 additional sections-added,◦ facilitating the development of pharmaceutical

personnel,◦ practising pharmacy professionally and ethically, ◦ management -pharmacy/pharmaceutical service. Diverse practice-provision – made-to check whether or

not the standard applies to you. This provision should be used in instances where the

aspect of practice identified does not relate to your particular practice setting. Eg comm pharm vs manufact, compounding, repackaging—daily bases.

Please take time to use this tool  

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A person who has achieved this outcome is capable of:

 (a) Adhering to and applying standard operating procedures during pharmaceutical operations  Assessment (Tick appropriate box) Does this outcome form part of my current practice of pharmacy? Yes No IF YES, on the basis of the evidence I have identified I can do this

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Ensure systems and procedures are adhered to (manufacturing, community, hospital)

A person who has achieved this outcome is capable of:  (a) Demonstrating and understanding the application and importance of documentation (b) Assisting in the compilation, control and maintenance of documentation (c) Controlling record keeping and the application of documentation in the pharmaceutical processes  Assessment (Tick appropriate box) Does this outcome form part of my current practice of pharmacy? Yes No IF YES, on the basis of the evidence I have identified I can do this

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Ensure documents are completed and records maintained (manufacturing)

(a) Planning and organising the work team to optimise output, quality and cost

(b) Identifying, clarifying, responding to and resolving work-related problems within the team to achieve optimum performance

(c) Training team members in the implementation of standard operating procedures

(d) Identifying and responding to industrial relations issues timeously in a way that balances the interests of worker and management within the legal requirements

(e) Organising and conducting regular meetings with team members to determine courses of action to deal with problems affecting productivity

(f) Evaluating staff performance in key performance areas against agreed outcomes

(g) Establishing and maintaining effective lines of communication within the team

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Regulations not published-implementation, the following are pertinent

1.SAPC criteria-tutor approval-CPD participat2.12/13 Oct 2011-resolution-intern –CPD

entries on SAPC website3.All interns-Jan 2012-CPD entries online and

were assessed for competency.4.CPD website-presented in –tutor intern

workshops : Feb to Apr every year.

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The Registrar and the Staff of the South African Pharmacy Council.

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1. SAPC, Pharmacy Act 53 of 1974; CPD and Regulations, Guidance Document2. Rouse MJ. Continuing professional development in pharmacy. Am J Health-Syst

Pharm. 200461:2069–76. http://www.hpc-uk.org/registrants/cpd/3, Statement of Professional Standards on Continuing Professional Development.

International Pharmaceutical Federation. Nice, 2002. Available at:http://www.fip.org/www2/uploads/database_file.php?id=221&table_id=4. Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC), Continuing Professional Development, www.hpc-uk.org/registrants/cpd/ Accessed 14.6.20135. WHO (World Health Organisation, 1988 Continuing education of Health Workers,

Geneva6. Winslade NE, Tamblyn RM, Taylor LK, Schuwirth LWT, Van der Vleuten CPM. Integrating Performance

Assessment, Maintenance of Competence, and Continuing Professional Development of CommunityPharmacists. Am J Pharm Educ. 2007 February 15; 71(1): 15.

7. Driesen A, Verbeke K,Simeons S, Laekeman G, International Trends in Lifelong Learning for Pharmacists Am J Pharm Educ. 2007 June 15; 71(3): 52.

8. Rouse MJ, Continuing professional development in pharmacy. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2004;44:517–520.

9. Mc Connell KJ, Newlon CL, Delate T, The impact of continuing professional development versus traditional continuing pharmacy education on pharmacy practice. Ann Pharmacother, 2010 Oct;44(10):1585-95. doi: 10.1345/aph.1P161. Epub 2010 Sep 14

10. S.Arunachallam, Faculty of community and Health Sciences, UWC. The development of a model for CPD for professional nurses in SA.

http://etd.uwc.ac.za/usrfiles/modules/etd/docs/etd_gen8Srv25Nme4_2073_1298613623.pdf--UWC.

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