Sap Sd Material Master

7/27/2019 Sap Sd Material Master

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SAP Material Master - 1

Material Master Concepts - 1

In this article, the material master record is introduced as one of the central masterrecords in logistics. The structure and maintenance (creation, extension, changing, and

display) of the material master record is discussed. In this article focus will be to:

• Explain the significance of material master records

• Create and maintain material master records

• ame the organi!ational le"els that are important for the maintenance of material

master records

This article emphasi!es on the following points:

•

#ll the data on a material that is independent of specific "endors, customers, or production routings, for example, should be stored in a central master record.

Each user department does not ha"e to create its own material master record as

this would result in unnecessary data redundancy.

• In order for indi"idual departments to be able to access the data rele"ant to their

needs as easily as possible, the data should be grouped according to area of use.

This can also mean that a piece of information (data field) is displayed in different"iews.

• In addition, due to different re$uirements within the enterprise, you must be able

to enter data depending on the organi!ational le"el

%or example & materials planning: In plant #, the material is re$uired for production purposes, whereas in plant ' it is only used as a spare part. #s a conse$uence, different

* procedures must be used for the material, depending on the plant.

The material master record is an enterprise+s main source of material&specific data. It is

used by all areas of logistics in the #* - system. The integration of all material datain a single database ob/ect eliminates the problem of data redundancy. #ll areas, such as

purchasing, in"entory management, materials planning, and in"oice "erification, can

/ointly use the data stored.



The data stored in the material master record is re$uired for many purposes, including thefollowing:

• *urchasing data is re$uired for ordering purposes

• In"entory management data is needed to post goods mo"ements and carry out

physical in"entories

• #ccounting data is re$uired for material "aluation

• aterials planning data is needed for material re$uirements planning

ince different user departments within an enterprise wor0 with one material, and eachdepartment enters different information relating to it, the data in a material master recordis subdi"ided according to area of use. Each user department thus has its own "iew of a

material master record and is responsible for maintaining the data co"ered by this "iew.



The data screens used to process material master records can be subdi"ided into the

following types:

Main data

These are the screens for the indi"idual user departments, such as basic data, materials

planning, and so on.



Additional data

These are the screens on which you find additional information, such as alternati"e units

of measure, material short descriptions, and consumption "alues. The data maintainedwithin a "iew may be "alid for different organi!ational le"els.

ome material data is "alid for all organi!ational le"els, while some is "alid for certain

le"els only. o that the material data can be administered centrally, without unnecessary

load on the database due to redundant information, the material master is organi!ed insuch a way that it reflects the structure of an enterprise.

Data at client level

1eneral material data that is "alid for the whole enterprise is stored at client le"el.

Data at plant level

#ll data that is "alid within a plant and for all storage locations belonging to it is stored at

plant le"el.

Data at storage location level

#ll data that is "alid for a particular storage location is stored at storage location le"el.



The data for a material is structured by area of use and organi!ational le"el and is also

apparent in material master record maintenance. 2hen processing material master

records, you ha"e to negotiate se"eral dialog screens before you can actually start tomaintain data.

3n the initial screen, you will see two successi"e dialog boxes. In the first dialog box,

you specify the "iews you want to process. In the second one, you specify the rele"ant

organi!ational le"els. #fter this, the data screens appear. 4ou can influence the standardscreen se$uence with pre&settings.

ome screens are not integrated in the standard screen se$uence. 4ou can only accessthese screens by choosing them specifically from the menu bar. 2hen creating a new

material master record, you must choose a material type and an industry sector to whichthe material is to be assigned.





Material Type

aterials with the same properties are assigned to the same material type. Examples ofmaterial types are raw materials, semi&finished products, and finished products.

#mong other things, the material type controls:

• The type of number assignment (internal or external)

• The permissible number range inter"als

• 2hich screens appear and in which order

• 2hich user&department&specific data is suggested for entry (in "iews)• 2hich procurement type is allowed for a material (that is, whether the material is

produced in&house, procured externally, or both)

#long with the plant, the material type determines a material.s in"entory management

re$uirement (whether $uantity changes are continuously recorded in the material master

record and-or "alue changes in the stoc0 accounts of financial accounting). %urthermore,



the material type determines which accounts are posted when a receipt of a material into

(or an issue from) the warehouse is boo0ed.

# number of different material types are supplied in standard #* -. If your enterpriseneeds additional material types, you can define these according to your re$uirements in

Customi!ing.

Industry Sector

5i0e the material type, the industry sector also has a control function. 2hen you create a

material master record, the industry sector determines:

2hich screens appear and in which order

2hich industry&specific fields appear on each screen

The industry sector you assign to a material cannot subse$uently be changed. InCustomi!ing, you can define new industry sectors and maintain the field reference for

field selection control according to your enterprise&specific re$uirements.

ost data in the material master record can be maintained directly by the user. 'ut someinformation is automatically updated by the system. 2hen you enter goods mo"ements,

for example, the system updates the stoc0 and consumption data. tatistical information,

such as the date of original creation and that of the last change, can be in"o0ed with ,with the $uic0&info text Information on material.

ome data in the material master is used for information purposes only, for example,

description, si!e, and dimensions. 3ther material data has a controlling function in an

application. %or example, the * type controls the * procedure and the price

control indicator determines which material "aluation procedure is used.



Industry Sector

SAP Material Master - 4Material Master Concepts - 4

Extending Material Master Record

3nce a department has created data for a material, the material master record exists in the

database. If someone from another department later wishes to enter data, he or she does

ha"e not ha"e to create the material master record from scratch, but only has to extendthe existing record by adding the information from his or her department. # material

master is also extended when data pertaining to the material is stored for further

organi!ational le"els



4ou use the transaction Create material master (67) to extend a material master

record by adding missing "iews or organi!ational le"els. 2ith the Change aterial

transaction (68), you can only change the data of already maintained "iews and

organi!ational le"els.

#ny changes you ma0e to data in a material master record (using the Create or Change

transactions) are logged in a change document. This means that you can trace and "erifythe change history at any time.



%or master data maintenance, different functions can be used to simplify the data entry.

This article co"ers entry aids for the "endor master record and the material master record.ass maintenance is also explained with a simple example.

To supplement the "endor master record and material master record maintenance topics,

this article discusses ways of simplifying material and "endor maintenance. ass

maintenance is also co"ered in this article as a central tool for maintaining master dataand documents.

#n entry aid for maintaining the "endor master record is copying the data from a "endor

master record. This is "alid for extending a master record with additional organi!ational



le"els, and for the creation of a new "endor master record. 9endor&specific data such as

the address and ban0 data is not adopted.

To help you create a "endor master record, you can use an existing "endor as a reference.The system copies the master data from the reference. owe"er, the system does not

copy all data, such as the address. The system prompts you to maintain the data (forexample, address). The control data is copied from the reference, but you can o"erwrite

it.

The transfer depends on se"eral factors:

•

The system copies only data that is not "endor&specific. The address and bloc0ingindicator are therefore not copied from the reference.

• The transfer of reference data depends on the data you ha"e already entered for

your "endor. It is generally true that maintained data is not o"erwritten by the

reference data.

This means that the following happens:

• If you ha"e already created the general data (name, address and phone number),

only the company code data is adopted when you enter the company code data.

4ou must also specify the reference company code. 2hen you create the data for

the purchasing organi!ation, the system adopts only the corresponding data fromthe reference.

• If you ha"e not yet created the general data, the system adopts only the language

and country from the reference address data.

• In addition, you should specify the areas to be adopted from the reference. %or

example, if you do not specify a purchasing organi!ation, the system does not

adopt the purchasing data.



SAP Material Master -


2hen you maintain material master records, different functions are a"ailable to simplifyand accelerate your wor0. The following entry aids facilitate material master

maintenance:

Settings

any pre&settings can be used to a"oid entering or selecting the same data more than

once. 4ou can preset the "iews that you are responsible for in the elect 9iews dialog

box. 4ou can also decide whether the dialog box is displayed only if you specifically

re$uest it. imilar pre&settings are also possible for the 3rgani!ational 5e"els. In the

transaction Industry sector to specify the Create material 67, you can choose

;efaults< industry, and then hide this field. The default "alues specified li0e this areuser&specific and can be o"erwritten or reset at any time.

Reference material

2hen you create a material master record, you can also adopt the data from an existing

master record. 3n the initial screen, enter the number of the reference material in thecorresponding field. 3n the dialog box for entering the organi!ational le"els, you will

then recei"e additional fields to specify the organi!ational le"els of the reference

material. If you want to copy the purchasing data for a material, then determine thefollowing:

• 2hether only purchasing data that is "alid cross&client is to be copied from the

reference. In this case, do not enter a plant for the reference.

• 2hether the plant&specific data of a particular plant is also to be copied from thereference. In this case, you specify a plant (for which the reference material is

created).



Profiles

If a material is to be automatically planned or forecasted, you must create data in the

material master record. To simplify entry of this data, you can use * and forecast

profiles. # profile is a 0ey you can use to store * or forecast parametersindependently of the material master record. This means that a profile is a collection of

information for the configuration of material master records. The information stored in a

profile is standard information that is re$uired for maintaining different materials againand again in the same or a similar constellation. If you create * or forecast data for a

material, you can enter the profiles in the 3rgani!ational 5e"els dialog box.

Collective entr of storage location data

3ne material can be stored in different storage locations. To sa"e storage location&specific data for a material master record, you must create or extend the material master

record for each storage location that is affected. If the material master record already

exists, it can be extended manually or automatically with the storage location&specificdata:

Manually

ere you enter the storage locations for a material master record using collecti"e entry.

This is much faster than entering the data indi"idually for each storage location. In the



aterial master menu, Enter torage 5ocations (transaction C). the function is

under 3ther<

Auto!atically

ere the system automatically extends the material master record with the storagelocation data after the first goods receipt posting. #ll data that refers to the storage

location affected is updated in the material master record. The system must be configured

accordingly in Customi!ing for In"entory anagement and *hysical In"entory underCreate torage 5ocation #utomatically.

Mass !aintenance

2ith a special mass change function, you can change se"eral material master records at

the same time (for example, if existing data has to be changed due to new circumstances).owe"er, only experienced users should execute this function.

SAP Material Master - "

Mass Maintenance - 1

ass maintenance is a generic (cross&application) tool that can be used to change large

data $uantities or to create new data. 2ith mass maintenance, you can change many

ob/ects at the same time. This tool should therefore be used only by users with the

corresponding experience. These people must also ha"e 0nowledge of the field namesand tables used in #* -.

4ou can change the data in the material master records $uic0ly and easily in one simple

step. 4ou ha"e the option of changing the purchasing group or ad/usting the 1

processing time in particular materials.

4ou can perform mass maintenance in dialog mode or in the bac0ground. If you want to

change many ob/ects at the same time, choose bac0ground mode to a"oid system strain.

In this case, the system issues a log with the changes executed and any errors thatoccurred.



The system executes a consistency chec0 for the changed data. The system does notexecute changes that would lead to data inconsistencies, but notes them in the log.4ou

can find the mass maintenance Central %unctions. 4ou use the ob/ect type to decide

which tool under 5ogistics< application you want to use it for. If you access massmaintenance from the menu of an application, the correct ob/ect type appears

automatically (for example, ass aterial<

aterial aster<

aterials

anagement< 5ogistics< aintenance).

2hen you ha"e selected the ob/ect type, the system displays the rele"ant tables and

fields. elect the tables in which you want to change data. elect se"eral tables only if

you want to ma0e the changes in all tables at the same time to 0eep the data consistent.

3therwise, edit the tables one at a time to a"oid poor system performance. 4ou can selectthe fields with the "alues you want to change on the initial screen. owe"er, the fields

can be determined only at a later point in time.



SAP Material Master - #

Mass Maintenance -2

ass maintenance is a generic (cross&application) tool that can be used to change largedata $uantities or to create new data. 2ith mass maintenance, you can change many

ob/ects at the same time. This tool should therefore be used only by users with the

corresponding experience. These people must also ha"e 0nowledge of the field namesand tables used in #* -.

To limit the number of ob/ects to be changed, enter the rele"ant selection criteria. 2ith

Choose selection fields, you can choose more fields for which you want to enter selection

criteria. 2ith , with the $uic0&info text Execute, you start the selection of data records.;epending on the number of selected data records, the system as0s if you want to execute

the changes online or in the bac0ground.



Then choose the fields you want to change using , with the $uic0&info text Choose fields,

and enter the new "alues in the corresponding columns. elect the column header and thedata records to change, and choose , with the $uic0&info text *erform mass change. 4ou

also ha"e the option of changing a field entry only when it has a particular "alue. To do

this, choose estrictions and enter the new "alue in the first line and the "alue to bereplaced in the second line. %inally, sa"e your changes. The system then executes the

consistency chec0.









SAP Material $aluation %asics - 1



This series of articles gi"e an o"er"iew of the determination of "aluation le"els for

materials using the "aluation area, and the two possible procedures for material "aluation.

These articles will also explain:

• The significance of the "aluation area

•

The function of the "aluation class• aterial "aluation with the mo"ing a"erage price

• aterial "aluation with the standard price

In a company, most of the externally procured materials are stored before they are

re$uired for production or sales. The warehouse stoc0s of materials must be updated on a

$uantity and "alue basis.

Material $aluation &eneral

In most goods mo"ements in In"entory anagement, the stoc0 $uantity and therefore

also the stoc0 "alue "ary. In goods receipts, the stoc0 "alue increases= in goods issues, thestoc0 "alue decreases. The $uantity and "alue of the material stoc0 and the material price(>"aluation price) are updated in the material master record. 4ou therefore also need a

material master record for warehouse material. The material "aluation determines and

maintains the stoc0 "alue of a material. The following formula is used to calculate the

stoc0 "alue:

toc0 "alue > stoc0 $uantity ? material price

%rom this formula it follows that the stoc0 "alue changes when the stoc0 $uantity or

material price changes.

;uring the "aluation of a goods mo"ement, not only the total "alue and, if necessary, the

"aluation price are updated in the material master record, but also the accounts in#ccounting. aterial "aluation demonstrates a connection between aterials

anagement () and %inancial #ccounting (%I) because material "aluation accesses

1-5 accounts in %inancial #ccounting and updates them. aterial "aluation is essentiallycontrolled by two factors:

• ystem setting (Customi!ing)

• aterial aster ecord

The material "aluation is ad/usted with #* - settings to meet the needs of yourdepartment. %or system configuration, the following $uestions are defined:

• 3n which le"el are materials "aluated@

• 2hich types of goods mo"ements are rele"ant for "aluation@

• 2hich accounts are posted to during a transaction@



The following sections co"er the $uestions about the "aluation le"el and the settings in

the material master record. The mo"ement type determines which types of goods

mo"ements are rele"ant for "aluation. The settings for automatic account determinationdetermine which accounts are posted to during a transaction.

$aluation 'e(el

The "aluation area is the organi!ational le"el at which material is "aluated. 4ou can

decide whether the "aluation area is determined at company code or plant le"el.

#* aterial 9aluation 5e"els

%igure #* aterial 9aluation 5e"els

$aluation area ) co!pany code

The "aluation data of a material is created separately for each company code. The price

control and "aluation price of a material are "alid for each company code. The material istherefore "aluated consistently in all plants of a company code.

$aluation area ) plant

The "aluation data of a material is created for each plant. The price control and "aluation

price of a material are "alid for each plant. The same material can therefore be "aluated

http://sapclassic.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/sap-mm-material-valuation-levels.jpg



differently in different plants. #* recommends that you "aluate material at plant le"el.

9aluation at plant le"el is mandatory if you want to use either the *roduction *lanning or

*roduct Cost #ccounting components or if your system is a my#* etail system.

;efining the "aluation le"el in Customi!ing is a fundamental setting, and is "ery difficult

to re"erse. (Customi!ing < Enterprise tructure < ;efinition < 5ogistics 1eneral<;efine 9aluation 5e"el)


Material Master Record Accounting *ata

In the material master record, you enter the necessary "aluation data for a material in the

accounting data. ;epending on the "aluation area, you must specify either the companycode or plant when maintaining the accounting data. 2hen entering the accounting data,

you must answer the following $uestions:

• In which 1-5 account should the stoc0 "alue of this material be managed@

• Is the stoc0 of a material to be "aluated at a constant price or should the price bead/usted to match the fluctuations of the cost price@

The material type you selected when creating a material determines whether the material

is to be "aluated at all. The material type controls whether the stoc0 is to be managed on

a $uantity and-or "alue basis and whether this update can be controlled at "aluation areale"el.

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#* aterial 9aluation Classes

%igure #* aterial 9aluation Classes

In automatic account determination, the #* - system wor0s with "aluation classes.

The "aluation class is used to determine which stoc0 account is to be updated during thegoods mo"ements of a material.

4ou can use the "aluation class to combine materials for assigning 1-5 accounts so that

you do not ha"e to manage a separate stoc0 account for each material. 4ou maintain the

"aluation class in the #ccounting "iew of the material master record. The "aluation classallowed for a material depends on the material type and can be configured in

Customi!ing. # "aluation class can also be assigned to se"eral material types. %igure

#* aterial 9aluation *rocedure

The price control procedure set in the material master record determines the "alue used to

"aluate the goods receipt of a material. In #* -, material "aluation can be carried outaccording to the standard price ( price) or the mo"ing a"erage price (9 price).

Standard price

;uring the "aluation using the standard price (price control AB), there are many stoc0

postings to a price determined in the material master record, the standard price. 9ariances

to this standard price are posted to the price differences accounts. %or statistical purposes,

the system also calculates the mo"ing a"erage price for materials that are "aluated atstandard price in the material master record. This means that you can spot ma/or

differences between the current procurement price and the standard price, and react

accordingly. The system calculates the total stoc0 "alue for materials with standard pricecontrol as follows:

Total (alue ) standard price +per ,ase unit o !easure. / total stoc0

Mo(ing a(erage price

In "aluation using the mo"ing a"erage price (price control A9B), the system "aluates

goods receipts with the purchase order price and goods issues with the current mo"inga"erage price. The system automatically calculates the mo"ing a"erage price for e"ery

goods mo"ement as follows:

Mo(ing a(erage price ) total stoc0 (alue total stoc0 uantity

#ny differences from the purchase order price that occur during the in"oice receipt are posted directly to the stoc0 account during stoc0 co"erage, and the system determines a

new mo"ing a"erage price.




The following figure A#* aterial 9aluation of 1oods eceiptB clarifies both"aluation procedures in a single example.

#* aterial 9aluation of 1oods eceipt

%igure #* aterial 9aluation of 1oods eceipt

Material $ price 2 ER

The goods receipt for a purchase order of 76 pieces at 8 ED is "aluated with a

procurement price of 8 ED. #n amount of 76 at 8 ED > 86 ED is posted to thestoc0 account. The offsetting entry for the same amount is posted to the 1-I clearing

account

Material S price 2 ER

The goods receipt $uantity must be "aluated with the standard price. The result of thegoods receipt for the purchase order of 76 pieces is an amount of 76 at 86 ED > 866

ED. This amount is posted to the stoc0 account. The difference of 6 ED from the

actual procurement "alue (76 at 8 ED >86ED) is posted to a price differencesexpense account. The offsetting entry with an amount of 76 at 8 ED > 86 ED is

posted to the 1-I clearing account.

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Material $aluation Exa!ples

The figures in this section describe the postings in %inancial #ccounting and the updates

in the material master record for a simple procurement process, once for the 9 price andonce for the price procedures. Initial stoc0 $uantity and "alue are displayed in the

Initial situation column. Then a goods receipt for a purchase order of 766 pieces at 8.6 is posted (second line). The process is completed with an in"oice receipt of 766pieces at8.86 (third line).

#* aterial 9aluation T; *rice

%igure #* aterial 9aluation T; *rice

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#* aterial 9aluation T; *rice 1oods eceipt

%igure #* aterial 9aluation T; *rice 1

;uring goods receipt, the system updates the stoc0 "alue and stoc0 $uantity at standard

price. It updates the 1-I clearing account at the purchase order price. It posts the

difference between the purchase order price and the standard price to the price difference

account.

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#* aterial 9aluation T; *rice In"oice eceipt

%igure #* aterial 9aluation T; *rice I

2hen the incoming in"oice is posted, the 1-I clearing account is cleared at the order

price. The "endor (creditor) account is updated at the in"oice price. It posts the difference

between the purchase order price and the in"oice price to the AIncome from price

differencesB account. It does not change the total stoc0 "alue.

Posting to Mo(ing A(erage Price +Exa!ple.

http://sapclassic.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/sap-mm-material-valuation-ma-price.jpg

http://sapclassic.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/sap-mm-material-valuation-std-price-ir.jpg



#* aterial 9aluation o"ing #"erage

%igure #* aterial 9aluation # *rice

;uring goods receipt, the system updates the stoc0 "alue, stoc0 account, and 1-I

clearing account at the purchase order price. The mo"ing a"erage price is recalculated onthe basis of the new stoc0 "alue: 9 price (for each base unit of measure) > total

"alue-total stoc0.

#* aterial 9aluation o"ing #"erage 1

%igure #* aterial 9aluation # *rice 1

2hen the incoming in"oice is posted, the 1-I clearing account is cleared at the order

price. The "endor (creditor) account is updated at the in"oice price. The system posts thedifference between the purchase order price and the in"oice price to the stoc0 account. It

recalculates the stoc0 "alue based on the in"oice price.

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#* aterial 9aluation o"ing #"erage I

%igure #* aterial 9aluation # *rice I

The system redetermines the mo"ing a"erage price based on the changed stoc0 "alue. If

the stoc0 $uantity in the in"oice receipt is less than the in"oice $uantity, the system posts

part of the difference to the AExpenditure-income from price differencesB account insteadof the stoc0 account.


Stoc0 Types6 $aluation6 &R in 7are8ouse - 1

This series of articles co"er the goods receipt of ordered goods into the warehouse andthe effects that this goods receipt has on In"entory anagement and #ccounting. The

material document and the accounting document are also discussed. any of the goods

deli"ered to a company are first posted after receipt into the $uality inspection stoc0.#fter a successful $uality chec0, the materials can then be released. In addition, we will

also discuss briefly the stoc0 types unrestricted&use, $uality inspection stoc0, bloc0ed

stoc0, and transfer postings.

This article uses the process shown in the figure below, Atoc0 aterial *rocurement:1oods eceipt.B #fter material was re$uested from se"eral "endors and then ordered

from the most fa"orable "endor, the goods receipt is posted. ome of the deli"ered goods

are posted to the $uality inspection stoc0. The chec0ed $uantity is later released with atransfer posting to the unrestricted&use stoc0.

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#* toc0 aterial *rocurement&1oods eceipt

%igure #* toc0 aterial *rocurement&1oods eceipt

%ollowing transaction is used for stoc0 o"er"iew.

7. < In"entory < aterials anagement Choose 5ogistics < toc0 3"er"iew

('E). < toc0 En"ironment < anagement

8. Enter material &67 and plant 7666 to 666 and execute the selection.

. ;iscuss the stoc0 o"er"iew displayed and the na"igation as follows:

• croll with and ight columns or 5eft columns.

• ;ouble&clic0 on an organi!ation le"el to display all stoc0s in one dialog box.

• < ;isplay material. Choose Extras

• Change the material without ha"ing to return to the selection screen

To simplify daily wor0 in In"entory anagement, se"eral functions and reports contain

detailed information about all materials and their stoc0

data.

The stoc0 o"er"iew is an analysis that deli"ers information about the stoc0 situation of anindi"idual material. The material stoc0s are displayed in the stoc0 o"er"iew for each

indi"idual organi!ational le"el. Fuantities posted for a particular stoc0 type are totaled

for each organi!ational unit. 4ou can display the stoc0 o"er"iew for batches-"aluationtype and special stoc0s (for example, consignment material), as well as for organi!ational

units client, company code, plant, and storage location.

http://sapclassic.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/sap-mm-stock-material-procurement-goods-receipt1.jpg



#* toc0 3"er"iew

%igure #* toc0 3"er"iew

To display the stoc0 o"er"iew, choose between different display "ersions. These display

"ersions differ in the listing and se$uence of the indi"idual stoc0 types. In Customi!ingfor In"entory anagement, the system administrator defines which stoc0s are displayed

in each column and the order in which they are displayed.

http://sapclassic.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/sap-mm-stock-overview.jpg

Documents

Sap Sd Material Master