SAP Project Management SAP Ps

7/25/2019 SAP Project Management SAP Ps

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Other influencing factors in scheduling:

Internal processing: the normal Duration maintained in the activity is used by

the system for scheduling internally processed activity.

External processing: Planned delivery time or normal Duration (explicitly to

be activated in control key !ill be used by system for scheduling externallyprocessed activity.

"eneral costs activity: Duration

#elationship: $ime interval: %ixed or as a percentage.

$he !ork centers can be maintained in internally or externally processed activity

and in relationships& and !ork centers contains follo!ing information's:

. %ormulas for calculating duration of activities

). %actory calendar and operating time for each !orkday.


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+ net!ork must and al!ays scheduled for!ards and back!ards and scheduling type

specifies !hether for!ard scheduling or back!ard scheduling is carried out first.

%or!ard scheduling calculates the earliest start and finish dates for all activities& and

the scheduled finish date of the net!ork. + start activity is an activity in a net!ork

that does not have a predecessor.

,ack!ard scheduling calculates the latest start and finish dates for an activity (latest

dates and the scheduled start date of the net!ork. + target activity is an activity in

a net!ork that does not have a successor.

-hen for!ard scheduling is performed first& the date from !hich scheduling starts

is the basic start date in the net!ork header. -hen for!ard scheduling is

performed after back!ards scheduling the start date is calculated from back!ard

scheduling.

-hen back!ard scheduling is performed first& the base date from !hich

scheduling starts is the basic start date in the net!ork header. -hen back!ards

scheduling is performed after for!ard scheduling the finish date is calculated fromfor!ard scheduling.

tart dates are at the beginning of the day

(//://. %inish dates are at the end of the day

()*://.


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Scheduling Assembly Networks:

Overall 1et!ork cheduling can be performed for a sales order item.

$his function schedules the net!ork assigned to the sales order item and all

other net!orks !ith relationships to it (total net!ork scheduling.

$he function leads to an update of all items in the sales order !ith assignmentsto the total net!ork.

Overall Network Scheduling with Selection Options:

$his function is used along !ith selection criteria to specify !hich net!ork2sub3

net!ork are to be taken into account as part of overall net!ork scheduling.

+ prere4uisite for the use of the Overall net!ork scheduling !ith selection options

function is that suitable levels are defined beforehand for the pro5ect system and

net!ork types and number intervals are assigned to it.


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7egend:

E 8 earliest start

E% 8 earliest finish

7 8 latest start

7% 8 latest finish

$% 8 total float

%% 8 free float

%loats supply information about time reserves available for individual activities and

one can use floats calculated in scheduling& for example in capacity leveling& to

shift activities bet!een their earliest and latest dates or to extend their duration.

$otal float: $he amount of time an activity can be shifted from its earliest dates into

the future !ithout affecting the latest dates of its successor. ($otal float: 8 73E

or 7%3E%

%ree float: $he amount of time an activity can be shifted from its earliest datesinto the future !ithout affecting the earliest dates of its successor. (%ree float 8

E successor 9 E% activity


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$he slide describes the calculation of total floats and free floats:

$he total float can be calculated as the difference bet!een the earliest and

latest start of an activity.

In the above example:

Day 6 (/:// 3 Day 0 (/:// 8 Day.

$he free float of an activity can be calculated as the difference bet!een the

earliest start of the successor and the earliest finish of the activity.

In the above example:

Day (/:// 3 Day ; ()*:// 8 Day.

)


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#eduction:

#eduction can be used !hen the time period !ithin !hich activities are scheduled

is not enough for processing all the activities.

$his reduces the scheduled duration of internally3processed activities and for

!hich reduction strategy has been maintained.


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=ou can plan pro5ect costs in t!o different !ays:

>anual cost planning in the -,

?ost planning using activities (net!ork costing

>anual planning in the -, involves:

. Overall planning is a structure3oriented planning and is the most basic form. In

this kind of cost planning you enter costs for each -, element !hich !ill be

broken do!n by fiscal year if you !ant.

). ?ost element planning is a detailed planning of primary costs and activity inputs

!hich is cost element based and period based.

@. In


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activities for -, elements& and using these activities to plan costs.

-hen using net!orks and activities& planned costs are automatically

calculated based on the resource re4uirements identified for activities and

operations.

#esources provide a 4uantity structure that can be dynamically valued by the system.

$his method has the follo!ing advantages:

a. resulting plan can be copied to ne! pro5ects

b. cost planning is shifted automatically along !ith the activities& if parts of the

pro5ect are shifted.

c. Planning using net!ork activities is by cost element and period.


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=ou can plan pro5ect costs simply by creating activities for -, elements (for example& in the

pro5ect planning board or structure planning transactions.

Planning in this case is by period and cost element.

$his process has significant advantages over manual planning of primary costs or activity

inputs:

?ost planning can be postponed easily& using a !ork package.

=ou can copy this type of cost planning to ne! pro5ects.

?ost planning is integrated !ith time scheduling and resource

planning.

)


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-hen you plan dates and resources in net!ork activities& the system determines

the corresponding planned costs automatically.

Planned costs are determined for the follo!ing

ob5ects: +ctivity inputs for internally3processed

activities

Primary costs for externally3processed activities and services

Primary costs for general costs activities

Primary costs for material components

+ctivity elements are costed as if they !ere activities.

ystem automatically calculates the planned cost based on planned dates and resources in

net!ork activities.

?ost elements should be identified by cost relevant items. Identification in internal activities&

external activities is as:

Internal activities2 services: Determination is by means of secondary cost element assigned in

the net!ork type master data

)


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External activities2services : 1on stock3It is identified by "2l account ) tock3 It is

determined by automatic account determination

?ost planning is integrated !ith time scheduling and resource planning


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Internally processed activities are used for the !ork !hich needs to be executed in o!n

company and assist in planning !ork.

In the activity& you need to maintain the !ork data and based on same system calculate costs

for these activities.

-ork is an input for machine or person to execute the activity. +nd !ork center is place

!here the !ork is carried out and !ork output is provided.

-ork centers contains data such as scheduling and capacity& !hich assists in costing&

scheduling and capacity planning of activities.

$he costs can be distributed over the net!ork duration for internally processed activities Acost activities and controlled via distribution key.

$he distribution key is determined from the activity or from !ork center (only in internally3

processed activities& if not maintained in activity. If distribution key is not maintained or

determined& costs are distributed evenly (over the earliest dates in the activity.

Example: +n activity spread across periods / and /& !ith a total !ork time of )0/ hours.

$he dates and the distribution key used for the activity assign // hours to period / and

0/

)


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hours to period /. If the rate is // Euros per hour for period / and B/ Euros per

hour for period / and valuation per period has been stipulated& the costs are

//// Euros for period / and )/// Euros for period /.

During execution phase& !hen you confirm the activities& you consume the capacity

re4uired by the activity and enter the actual date and costs.

=ou can distribute !ork among the employees by assigning persons to the activities

from a pro5ect team !hich can be set up from C# organiational units& persons or

positions.


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-hen procuring services externally (outsourcing& you can create services or externally-

processed activities.

Example: =ou commission a freelance engineer to design and build a machine.

-hen creating a externally processed activity or service activity& a purchase re4uisition is

created based on the settings and further processed in purchasing and the data can be

accessed from purchasing for external processing e.g. purchasing info record& !hich

contains data for the pricing and delivery times.

Externally-processed activities give rise to planned costs equivalent to the prices romthe purchasing ino record or the price in the activity! "he valuation variant or the

network costing variant determines which price is used or the valuation! #hen the

purchase requisition is activated and converted to a purchase order$ the activity is

also shown as a purchase requisition commitment or purchase order commitment!

"he account assignment category in the purchase order determines whether the

goods%invoice receipt is valued - that is$ whether it gives rise to actual costs! & the

goods receipt is valuated$ actual costs are posted to the activity and the commitment

is reduced by the amount o the purchase order! "his means that the invoice receipt

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may correct the actual costs!

Service activities are maintained or the purchase o services!

'reating such an activity establishes the link to (( Services )((-S*+,! nlike

externally-processed activities$ service activities contain a service

speciication containing planned activities and value limits or unplanned

activities!

"his service speciication is copied to the purchase order where .urchasing

can then modiy it! Service activities also give rise to planned costs or

purchase requisition%order commitments! &nstead o goods receipts$ services

are later entered and accepted!

$he service activities also initiates the purchasing process but contain the value limits

for the unplanned services and hierarchy of planned services to be procured. $he

goods receipt process in ervices activities involves follo!ing steps: service entry

and service acceptance.

$he externally processed activity and service activities are differentiated by ?ontrol

keys.


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-e can assign a !ork center and planned !ork to an externally processed activity.

$his allo!s to carry out capacity planning for vendors

?hanges in net!ork dates24uantity !ill trigger !orkflo! for a PO change:

If changes are made in the net!ork to dates or 4uantities for material

components or external activities for !hich PO has already been created .system

triggers a !orkflo! automatically. $he only prere4uisite is that this !orkflo! has

been activated in the parameters for the net!ork type table

$he person responsible in purchasing !ill receive an information on the re4uired

changes.

If only P# is created& changes in the net!ork to dates24uantities !ill update the

change in P# automatically

)


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$he Internal processed activity& external processed activity and service activities are

differentiated by ?ontrol keys.

-e can generate Purchase re4uisition (P# for externally processed activities

from Pro5ect ystem. $he P# is converted to a Purchase order (PO in

purchasing. + goods receipt and invoice receipt can then be posted for thepurchase order

-e can assign a !ork center and planned !ork to an externally processed activity.

$his allo!s to carry out capacity planning for vendors

)


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=ou can use general costs activities to plan all other costs that cannot be mapped via

internally3processed activities or externally3processed2service activities.

In the general costs activity& you can enter a description& the amount and currency& a cost

element& a duration and a distribution key for distributing costs.

$he costs are distributed using the net!ork duration for general costs activities.

Distribution is controlled by means of the distribution key for the activity. If no distribution

key is maintained& the costs are distributed evenly over the earliest dates in the activity.

=ou can create a unit cost plan for the general costs activity.

$his means that detailed costing is possible even at an early stage of the pro5ect

(for example& for sales pricing.

$he activities !hich cannot be tracked though internal2externat activities2services can be

tracked through general cost activities to plan costs

Eg travel expense for meeting."enral cost activity is assigned to cost ob5ect

?osts are distributed as per scheduled duration !hich is controlled by distribution key

)


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.$here are cases !here distributionkey has not been maintained&in those cases

even distribution of cost is done based on the earliest dates in the activity

Detaled costing can be done like during sales pricing phase that is at beggining

phase of pro5ect


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=ou can create invoicing plans directly for net!ork activities (external& service& or general

costs or components procured externally.

$his means that it is possible to plan costs and outgoing payments on the basis of dates

entered in the invoicing plan. ?osts are not simply distributed& but are calculated precisely

at the times specified in the invoicing plan.

=ou can create an invoicing plan by copying a reference invoicing plan.

$he reference invoicing plan fixes cost and payment times relative to a start date.

+lternatively& you can copy billing milestones as dates to the invoicing plan of the activity. If

you copy the milestones rather than creating them manually& they can be postponed

along !ith the dates in the invoicing plan if the activities are rescheduled.

=ou cannot create invoicing plans in combination !ith unit costings (for general costs

activities or material components.

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On the basis of days& periods or fiscal years one can plan payment flo!s i.e. revenues

and expenditure.

In -, elements& manual planning of revenues and expenditure is by period. +t

commitment item level (Pro5ect ?ash >anagement master data planning takes place.

$he 4uantity structure in the net!ork and the billing plans in the -, or D document

are valuated in the automatic planning of financial data.

+utomatic planning !ill be done by day. Planned line items !ill be !ritten.

,ased on assignment to "27 accounts commitment items !ill be determined.


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In the case of activities processed externally and externally procured components&

invoicing plan including payment conditions are used 9 or& the delivery dates including

payment conditions are used !here there is no invoicing plan

If an invoicing plan has been maintained& payment data is only planned for

general costs activities


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Planned revenues and incoming payments is relevant in billing plan.

Dates for Do!n payments are relevant only for payments (not revenues.

>ilestone billing dates appear as planned incoming payments and planned revenues. $!o

things are important for dates and amounts i.e. payment terms and payment target

(example: payment !eek after invoice issue& !ith ) discount

Once the pro5ect is executed& invoice billing !ill be generated and appear in the pro5ect as

actual revenues and customer payment obligations. -ith respect to da!n payment date&

do!n payment re4uests !ill be generated by the billing program !hich are recorded inthe payment data for the pro5ect.

,illing plan can be created for a sales order& a sales order item or for a billing element in the

-,.

Planned costs and planned outgoing payments are relevant during the Invoicing plan.

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Invoicing planes can be created for externally3processed activities& externally3

procured material components& service activities and cost activities.


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Depending on the transaction& you can calculate costs for one net!ork (example: net!ork

maintenance or a range of net!orks (example: all net!orks for selected -, elements

in structure planning or the pro5ect planning board.

=ou can calculate net!ork costs asynchronously. $he advantage of this is that you can select

and cost broader ranges (example: + to F and carry out costing in the background.

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?osting variant controls calculation of planned and actual cost. ?osting variant

is assigned to order type. 1et!orks are of order category )/.

$he valuation procedure is defined by valuation variant !hich is a component of

costing variant. ,ased on valuation variant prices are determined by the system to

value componenets material& activity type& processes& subcontracting and external

activities. Galuation variant searches for prices in se4uence from the price sources.

Price entered first is selected first

>aterials:Price is selected either from purchasing date or material master record

+ctivity type A Processes: Price is selected either from activity based costing or

cost center accounting

Externallly processed activity:price is selected either from the activity or from

purchasing information record

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-hen customiing the order value update& you stipulate& for each order category and

type& !hether the order or net!ork is appended 3 that is& !hether its planned costs are

added to the pro5ect cost plan for assigned -, elements.

$here are t!o tables for the order type (net!ork type. $he first is defined per order type&

the second (parameters for net!ork per order type and plant.

+ third important table is the net!ork profile& containing default values for the net!ork and

its activities.

$he costing variants for plan and actual costs are determined at net!ork header level.

$he costing sheet and overhead key are determined at activity level. $hey control processcost accounting or application of overhead. Depending on the creation process& these

keys are inherited from the net!ork header or the assigned -, element.

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$he costing variant contains the basic control information needed to carry out

costing. $he valuation variant contains all the information !hich controls the

valuation of:

>aterial components

Internal activities

External activities

$his information also

controls ho!

overheads areapplied.

Galuation can be

determined plant by plant.

$he H,y periodH indicator enables you to calculate costs for internally3processed

activities period by period.

$he costing type contains further detailed information for controlling costing.

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=ou can classify the resources in broadly ) categories from the net!orks point of

vie!: Internal and external activities.

Internally processed activities: $hese activities 2 !ork are carried out by

machines and 2 or persons of o!n company. =ou can schedule the activities as

per re4uirement& distribute the !ork among persons.

Externally processed activities: these activities are executed 2 processed by other

companies. $hese are carried out by purchasing department. $he service

activities are also procured externally ho!ever different from externally

processed activity that you need to define service specification and the limit for

the unplanned activities !hich is provided by the service provider.

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/usiness scenario

$o execute a pro5ect& materials are re4uired

!hich can be procured externally (purchasing or

manufactured in o!n company (Production. $hese

materials are managed in pro5ect3specific stock.

+s the pro5ect controller& you are interested in:

$he values in the pro5ect& at the different stages of purchasing or production

(pro5ect controlling

tocks of ra! materials& semi3finished and finished products used for your pro5ect

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(stock controlling

>aterials provide linkage bet!een many other +P functional modules like

>aterials >anagement (Purchasing and Inventory >anagement& ales and

Distribution& plant maintenance and Production Planning and ?ontrol.

$he materials are assigned to activities !hich helps in material re4uirement and

planning in a pro5ect.

The product which is manufactured in your project is in turn made up ofa variety of material components.

The first step is to plan the procurement and consumption of the requiredcomponents in your project.

Projects are linked to Materials management, Sales and istri!ution and

Production Planning via materials.


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In order to plan the material re4uirements of a pro5ect& materials can be assigned to

activities. On the basis of stock& the materials are classified as stock or non3stock items.

$he item category stock items (7 are for such materials !hich are stored in stock e.g. pro5ect

stock& sales order stock or !arehouse stock and reservations can be created for such

materials. ,ased on the 4uantity re4uired in the pro5ect& the re4uirement planning can be

initiated. $he procurement element for external procurement is a purchase re4uisition and for

re4uirement planning is planned order.

%or productions of assembled material& material ,O> is exploded and the

re4uirement planning is executed for all the materials mentioned in ,O>.

1on3stock items (1 are for materials !hich are to be procured directly for the net!ork !hich

is not using >#P (i.e. not procured via pro5ect stock& sales order stock or !arehouse stock.

%or non3stock items& Purchase re4uisitions are created !hich are passed on directly to

Purchasing.

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$he item category Hstock itemH (7 is used for materials kept in stock. -hen you save

your data& the system creates a reservation for the re4uired material. + purchase

re4uisition 3 !hich is passed on to Purchasing 3 can also be created for components

procured externally.

$he main function of material re4uirements planning is to ensure material availability

(in other !ords& to procure the re4uired 4uantities in time 3 both in3house and for sales

and distribution. $his includes monitoring stocks and& above all& creating procurement

proposals for purchasing and production.

Independent re4uirements 3 that is& re4uirements for finished products& assemblies or ra!

materials 3 trigger re4uirements planning. In order to cover the re4uirements& order4uantities and dates have to be determined& and the corresponding procurement elements

scheduled. $he procurement element for re4uirements planning is a planned order and&

for external procurement& a purchase re4uisition. %urthermore& the dependent

re4uirements for materials produced in3house (in other !ords& the 4uantity of components

re4uired to manufacture a finished product or assembly are determined by exploding the

bill of material. Planned orders are created at each ,O> level to cover re4uirements

!hen a material shortage occurs.

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Once 4uantities and dates have been planned in re4uirements planning& these

planned procurement elements are converted to HexactH procurement elements: for

production& this is the production order and& for external procurement& the purchase

order. -hen the order or purchase order is being processed& the production order

is delivered or a goods receipt is posted to stock (plant stock or pro5ect2sales order

stock.

$he goods issue that takes place as a result of this activity reduces the stock

and posts actual costs to the HconsumingH net!ork activity.

Item ?ategory 7 (stock item is used for components kept in stock .

Ensuring material availability is the main function of >#P !hich includes monitoring

stocks and creating procurement proposals for purchasing and production .

#e4uirement for finished products& saleable assemblies and spare parts

trigger re4uirement planning.

Order 4uantities and dates have to be determined in order to cover the

re4uirements .

%or re4uirement planning the procurement element is the planned order and

for external procurement it is purchase re4uisition .

Planned procurement elements are converted into exact procurement elements

once the 4uantities and dates are planned.

It is Production order for production and purchase order for external procurement.


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$he item category Hnon3stock itemH (1 is used for components that are not procured

by !ay of !arehouse stock or pro5ect2sales order stock& but are procured directly by a

net!ork activity instead.

Purchase re4uisitions are created for these components. $hese re4uisitions are passed

on directly to Purchasing. -hen the goods are received& they are not placed into stock&

but posted to the activity.

1on3stock items cannot be managed as pro5ect stock or sales order stock.

1on tock Item (1 :$hese are the items !hich are procured directly by net!ork activity and not through

!arehouse stock& pro5ect stock or sale order stock .

Purchase re4uisitions are created first and then passed directly to purchasing.

-hen the goods are received they are directly posted to activity .

1on stock items cannot be managed as pro5ect stock or sale order stock .

$here are t!o procurement types for direct procurement !ith item category 1 :

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Purchase #e4uisition for the net!ork

$hird party re4uisition for the

net!ork


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?hanges in net!ork dates24uantity !ill trigger !orkflo! for a PO change:

If changes are made in the net!ork to dates or 4uantities for material

components or external activities for !hich PO has already been created .system

triggers a !orkflo! automatically. $he only prere4uisite is that this !orkflo! has

been activated in the parameters for the net!ork type table

$he person responsible in purchasing !ill receive an information on the re4uired

changes.

If only P# is created& changes in the net!ork to dates24uantities !ill update the

change in P# automatically

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"or instance # $n this case the way in which the material can !e procureddepends on !oth item category and material attri!utes.

The material master stores the information of

the material attri!utes.-$t contains information like %

-&hether the material is purchased orinternally manufactured.

-&hether the requirements are individualor collective or !oth

-

&hether the material can !e procured inadvance.

The control data of the project definitiondetermines whether stocks can !e !uilt or not

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The account assignment category of the salesorder determines whether sales order can !e!uilt up

' setting within the ()M can !e specified todetermine whether the components can !eprocured independently of the material mastersettings.


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The components can !e assigned to theactivity with the help of the procurementindicator.

The Procurement indicator contains thedefault values for determining the stock andthe procurement type.

' procurement indicator can !e specified inthe network profile. This gets defaulted in thecomponent assignment.

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$he ,O> transfer functionality in +P P helps you to assign the material from ,O> to

the net!ork activities based on the reference point field !hich is assigned to the material

and net!ork activities.

-, ,O>s can be assigned to Pro5ect ,O>s using the ,O> $ransfer transaction .

$he corresponding selection parameters must be chosen to perform the same.

+dvantage of ,O> transfer functionality is that the changes in the ,O> during the course

of the pro5ect !ill change in the activities (you need to run ,O>3transfer again every time

you make changes in ,O>.

=ou can also manually assign materials to net!ork activities !ithout reference point fields.

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*eference point % This is the logical link !etween a ()M component and anetwork activity. $t ensures that the automatic assignment of the materialcomponent happens correctly.

&hile the assignments !y themselves are project specific, they can !e madesimultaneously for a large num!er of networks in the project.

$ndividual components, individual ()M assem!lies or a multi level ()M can!e assigned.

These assignments can happen manually without reference points as well.

Procedure %or ,O> $ransfer:

"ield in the ()M and the network activity which needs to !e used asthe reference point needs to !e specified.

These fields must have the same structure in !oth the o!jects. "orinstance % +'*, eight digits .

Possi!le entries for the reference point can !e defined incustomi-ing.

*eference points in the ()M +omponents and the network activitiesmust !e defined.

The ()M PS $nterface must !e started after changing the ()M/

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()M +omponents are assigned to activities in this process.

Purchase requisitions and reservations are created for the assignedcomponents if *eservation0Purchase *eq. indicator is activated.


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+ material that you allocate to activities in a net!ork can be kept in various stocks.Depending on your pro5ect& you can access different types of stock for materials

planning:

ales order stock and pro5ect stock are important for controlling purposes (for monitoring

the stock value in a sales order or pro5ect and from an >#P point of vie! (the stocks

are reserved for the sales order item or -, element other stock elements cannot

access them.

$he various stock types are managed for each material component using the account

assignment category. =ou define the account assignment category !hen you assign the

material to the net!ork activity (popup in manual assignment& strategies in ,O>3P

interface and standard net!ork.

$he possible account assignment categories depend on the assignment of the net!ork

activity to a stock ob5ect (-, element or sales order item& on the item category for

the assignment (direct procurement for non3stock items on the material master& !hich

can exclude collective or specialist stock management.

+s of #elease *.0+& you can use >#P elements (grouping to manage a 5oint pro5ect

stock for an entire pro5ect or for several pro5ects (this is a rougher method than managing

stock per individual -, element.

=ou maintain the account assignment categories possible for net!ork purchase

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re4uisitions in customiing.


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Instead of managing the material either in a plant stock or for each individual -,

element and having no control at all over procurement or being fully responsible !e

can go for re4uirement grouping. $hrough re4uirement grouping !e can determine

the degree of control ourselves.

Prere4uisites for using re4uirement grouping :

Galuated group stock

"rouping -, elements

>#P "roups that allo! re4uirement grouping

+ssigned components should have periodic lot sies.

$he most basic scenario involves grouping the re4uirement of all the -,

elements in the pro5ect into one -, element.

Or !e can create pro5ects !hich are only meant for grouping re4uirement of otherpro5ects.

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Galuated pro5ect stock must be allo!ed in the pro5ect definition control data.

-ith the exception of automatic re4uirement grouping >#P element indicator

must be set for -, elements.

>#P groups involved in re4uirement grouping must be determined in customiing

for the -,.

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It is common in engineering pro5ects for critical components !ith long and unreliable

delivery times to be purchased at an early stage in the pro5ect much before the

pro5ect activities in !hich the components !ill be used are specified. +dvance

procurement process is used in such situations.

+dvance procurement can only be used !hen you are using sales order or pro5ect

stock .

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Order 'ategories and order types

Documents are used to enter business transactions in the #2@ ystem. Orders are

one type of business transaction. Orders are determined by their order category.

$he net!ork is an order category. Order types are prescribed by the system for the

relevant applications.

=ou can define your o!n order types !ithin an order category. $he order type

describes ho! the order is controlled.

?ustomiing includes t!o tables& one for the order type and another for the

order type2plant combination.

$he order category is used to control:

. 1umber assignment

). Default value settings

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=ou can assign various +P orders to a pro5ect examples include internal orders&

production orders& and plant maintenance orders. =ou can then use the pro5ect

hierarchy reports to evaluate these assigned orders !ith the -, element.

Each order is a cost ob5ect !ith its o!n costing parameters such as planned costingvariant& actual costing variant& and overhead sheet. $he planned costs of assigned

orders are used to determine the planned costs of the pro5ect.

=ou assign orders to the pro5ect either by assigning a -, element to the order

header or by assigning the order to a net!ork and activity as a subnet!ork. If the

assignment is re4uired only for cost control and analysis& you need to assign order to

the relevant -, element. If the assignment is re4uired both for scheduling and

cost control& you need to assign the order as a subnet!ork. $he -, element is

derived from the net!ork activity. 1ote that production orders cannot be assigned as

subnet!orks.

Documents are used to enter business transactions in the #2@

ystem. Orders are one type of business transaction.

Orders are determined by their order category.

$he net!ork is an order category. Order types are prescribed by the system for the

relevant applications.

=ou can define your o!n order types !ithin an order category. $he order type

describes ho! the order is controlled.

?ustomiing includes t!o tables& one for the order type and another for the

order type2plant combination.

$he order type is used to control:

1umber assignment

Default value settings


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=ou can use the HappendedH indicator to specify& per order category& !hether an

order is appended 3 that is& !hether the planned values for the order are included

in the planned value of the corresponding -, element:

. If the HappendedH indicator is set& the order planned value increases the

-, element planned value. $he information system sho!s the total

as the pro5ect plan. -hen cost planning is taken over as the budget&

the values from appended orders also contribute to the budget.

). If the HappendedH indicator is not set& the order planned value is not

added to the -, planned value. In budgeting& the plan total for such

orders must be added manually so that these orders can use funds

later.

0


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=ou can use the HappendedH indicator to specify& per order category& !hether an

order is appended 3 that is& !hether the planned values for the order are included

in the planned value of the corresponding -, element:

Once released& all orders are apportioned 3 this means that their plan& commitment&

and actual values are funds assignments against the funds in the pro5ect. $he

order value table contains an indicator !hich you can use to make orders

HapportionedH earlier& at the HcreatedH stage.

=ou can set appended and apportioned indicator based on the order category&order

type& and controlling area

+n exception to apportionment at release is in the case of net!orks for preliminary

planning.In Pro5ect ystem customiing&you can specify net!ork types to be used

for preliminary planning.Preliminary planning net!orks are never apportioned.$heir

related plan values do no increase the assigned value for the relevant -,element

In the case of net!orks (order category )/& you can use the net!ork type

parameters to determine !hether the net!ork is:

Ceader3assigned or activity3assigned 3 that is& !hether costs are managed in

the net!ork activities or collected in the header

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+ preliminary planning net!ork !hose plan& commitment& and actual values

are not apportioned 3 meaning that they do not appear as assigned values

in the pro5ect.


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2eader-Assigned Networks

In a Ceader3assigned net!orks all the costs (activity and material are assigned at

net!ork header level

+fter assignment of net!ork header to a -, element& +ll costs are transferred to

-, element. +ssignment of activities to -, elements is only to summarie thedates

-e you have to use header3assigned net!orks to assign net!orks to sales order in

case sales order are not assigned to pro5ects as no assignments can be made to a

sales order item in the net!ork activity.

Activity-Assigned Networks

?osts are collected on activities in case activites are used as account assigned

ob5ects.Plant2net!ork type parameters deines the condition if the net!ork header

or net!ork activities are to be used as cost ob5ects.

+ctivity3 assigned net!orks are usually used !hen activities are assigned to various

-, elements.Cere every activity in the net!ork is an account assignment ob5ect.

-hich implies !e can analye planned costs& commitments and actual costs

for each activity.

$he costs are aggregated and displayed for the -, elements to !hich

the activities are assigned.

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+ctivity account assignment is a special feature of net!orks. +ll other order types are

header3assigned. +ctivity account assignment is controlled via the appropriate

indicator in the table HParameters for net!ork typeH.

Ceader assigned net!orks should be used !hen net!orks are assigned to salesorders !ithout -,.Ceader assigned net!orks can also be used !hen the

enitre net!ork is assigned to a single -, element


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D document item assignment is controlled via the account assignment category.

$he account assignment category is controlled via D re4uirements type

determination.

Important factors that affect account assignment are the strategy group& the >#P

type and item category group from the material master of the product as !ell as

the document type of the D document.

$he system defaults the item category !hen you create an order. =ou can accept

the default or over!rite it. Permitted item categories are defined in ?ustomiing.

$he permitted planning strategies are assigned to the material using the planning

strategy group. $his is necessary so that you can find the correct re4uirements type

in independent re4uirements management and sales order management.

$he default re4uirements type is the main strategy in the planning strategy group.

If no planning strategy group is defined in the material master& the system uses the

item category group (sales and distribution screen in the material master and& if

necessary& the >#P characteristic to search for the re4uirements type for the salesorder.

0


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$he account assignment category determines the ?O ob5ect to !hich document

4uantities and values are assigned. =ou use it to determine the follo!ing:


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" 8 Plant stock& values managed using pro5ect

$his account assignment category is important for sales order items sold

from plant stock& !ith

value posting to the pro5ect. It differs from account assignment category H%H in

the field control

of the account assignment block.


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+ctivity3,ased ?osting offers a facility for allocating and distributing the overhead to its cause.

+ctivity3,ased ?osting provides useful information on:

Overheads reduction by process improvement

Profitability increase by highlighting unprofitable products or customers

+ctivity3,ased ?osting is advantageous for having:

K $ransparent overheadsK Parallel 4uantity and value flo!s

K Precise assignment of internal activities to consumer

LPeanut butter effectH can be avoided through even distribution of overheads among all

the cost drivers.

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In +ctivity3,ased ?osting& processes are the controlling ob5ects. Prices can be either

maintained manually or using activity and cost input planning in the case of cost

centers and activity types. $hrough activity based costing& processes are debited to

cost ob5ects or profitability segments.


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$emplates are created in M?ustomiingN and determined by controlling area& costing sheet&overhead key and template environment (for net!orks 9 //* for -, 9 //0 for the

function. In the Pro5ect ystem& templates can be assigned to -, elements& net!orks

(header assigned& or net!ork activities. Process costs are allocated to cost ob5ects or

profitability segments by assigning a process template. Process costs are calculated based

on the templates selected for the pro5ect.

+fter template selection& the calculation program

determines the follo!ing

Processes in the template relevant for the

pro5ect

K Juantity of each process consumed by

the6


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pro5ect

?alculated value to be added to the

pro5ect at the start& end or continuously

$he price for the process and the allocation cost element are determined by

entering one process per line in the process template. >ulti3level processes can be

mapped by referencing another process template in the !orking template.

$he 4uantity used by the cost ob5ect is determined using the cost driver. $his enables

the allocation of the relevant values to all the levels in the process hierarchy as far

as cost ob5ects or profitability segments.

?ost drivers can originate from many different sources in the #2@ ystem or external

systems. Examples : !eight (material master& number of components& activities of a

particular category& !ork center (net!ork& number of sales orders for market

segment (7I etc. $he 4uantities determined by the cost driver are multiplied by the

price of the process. $he resulting value is charged to the cost ob5ect (in the

example& the -, or net!ork2activity& and the process is credited.


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+ctual prices for activity types and business processes are calculated in Overhead

cost controlling at the end of the period.

+ctual prices 8 +ctual costs 2 Juantities consumed

$he possibility of revaluation at actual prices and its specification for each

activity type are controlled in ?ustomiing in the parameters for the actual

version depending on the fiscal year.

$he difference bet!een the actual price and the originally allocated price is

charged to the cost ob5ects.

#evaluation at actual prices for activities and business processes can be done

in the Pro5ect ystem and in the ?ost Ob5ect ?ontrolling.

#evaluation at actual prices using an activity type is illustrated in the example given

in the slide

6


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Overheads calculation is used to allocate overhead costs to cost ob5ects such as activities

and -, elements. ?alculations are done based on the ?osting sheet entered in

the cost ob5ect and the overhead key entered on the -, element&net!ork header or net!ork activity. Overheads can be calculated for

planned& commitment and actual values. Overhead calculations are

done using the 4uantity based or percentage allocation rates.

$he follo!ing postings get generated through overheads allocation:

Debits to cost ob5ect (-, element& 1et!ork header or1et!ork activity

?redits to cost center ( overhead order or process

6


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Overhead costs are updated using the secondary cost elements

in the costing sheet credit ro!s and these can be simulated also.


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?osting sheet is derived by means of the costing variant from the HParameters for

1et!ork $ypeH table& in the case of net!orks. $he costing sheet and the overhead key

can be changed in the net!ork header.

$he costing sheets to be used in the activities are made a default through this.

%or -, elements& the costing sheet is derived directly from the pro5ect profile. In

the case of Easy ?ost Planning and the unit costing for -, elements& the cost

planning dra!s on a costing sheet for a costing variant !hich is assigned to the

pro5ect profile through the planning profile.

Overhead keys for activities are inherited from their respective -, elements.

6


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Overheads are calculated using a costing sheet.

$he overhead surcharge can either be a percentage if it is value driven or an absolute value

of measure if it is 4uantity driven. $he overhead is calculated against a base !hich is defined

by the cost elements. ?ost elements or cost element areas are collected in base lines.

%actors such as ?ontrolling area& company code& plant& overhead group& net!ork type& time

period and plan versus actual determine the overhead rate applied. Overhead key assigned

to the cost ob5ect decides the determination of overhead group in customiing. $hus a single

costing sheet !ith flexible rates can be made use of different organiational units or

individual activities.

6


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+s of #elease *.6?& the +P ystem offers an easy3to3use tool for planning costs in

-, elements. $he tool is called HEasy ?ost PlanningH.

Easy ?ost Planning for pro5ects can be accessed from the Pro5ect ,uilder. =ou can choose

a -, element from the structure tree and then you create costing items for the selected

-, element.

In Easy ?ost Planning& cost planning is cost element based.

=ou can use planning templates to enter costing items in !hich characteristics are valued.

$he example above sho!s !ork in hours being valued at //.

$he characteristic values !hich are linked from the planning template are 4uantities&

values& or actions from the costing items. In the example above& the link is to the4uantity for an internal activity.

-hen you accept them& the costing items appear in the structure tree beneath the

relevant -, element.

+s an easy !ay to create a pro5ect preliminary costing& Easy ?ost Planning can be very

useful.

$he costs so planned are then broken do!n 3 for example& using a 4uantity structure of

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net!orks2activities.

Easy ?ost Planning can also be used to enter plan data for later pro5ect execution.

Caving done this& you can later use Execution ervices to enter commitment and

actual data relating to the planned costs. aterial componenets: primeary costs.

=ou can use planning templates to create 4uantity structures for Easy ?ost

Planning.=ou can enter 4uantities and prices in the template& or regulate activation using

formulas or conditions.

=ou can use characteristics assigned to the planning template as variables for the

formulas2conditions. $he characteristics are valued by the user !hen the

planning templates are copied into Easy ?ost Planning.


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Structure Oriented .lanning:

implest type of planning is structure based planning. Plan values are displayed

in hierarchy

$he total cost planned is aggregate

It is neither by cost element nor is period specific

Garious vie!s are used to display the different values in structure3oriented

planning

Planned total Gie!3this sho!s total aggregate at superior -, element (7evel

-, element

$he distributable or distributed vie!3$his vie! is used to check distribution of

budget among child -, element

?umulative or remainder vie!3$his vie! is used to check distribution of budget

across years

Order2net!ork vie!3$his displays the planned cost od appended orders2net!orksassigned to -, element

Cost Element Planning/Activity Input Planning:

-hen more detailed information is re4uired& cost element planning is done. It

is independent of pro5ect scheduling

>anual reschedule of cost planning becomes mandatory if a pro5ect or

individual

6


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package schedule is changed

$his planning is adopted if precise information is available as it becomes sure not

to reschedule2postpone the pro5ect


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$he plan profile is used to control overall cost2revenue planning. It contains costing variants

for the unit costing or Easy ?ost Planning.

It also contains indicators for updating revenue plan values via customer 4uotations or sales

orders.

=ou assign the plan profile to the pro5ect by !ay of the pro5ect profile. =ou can change it in the

pro5ect definition.

?osts and revenues can be planned in different ?O plan versions.

=ou either specify the plan version during planning or& if you are using Easy ?ost Planning&

you assign it to the controlling area.

Planning layouts are used to plan costs& revenues& payments& and statistical key figures.

=ou can use the #eport Painter to create the layouts and can assign them to planner profiles.


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relevant if !e are using unit costing and easy cost planning

?O plan version is re4uired to be specified if !e are using easy cost planning.

Planner profile and planning layouts are specific to use of detailing planning

using Lcost element2activity input


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Planning profile is contains the settings for overall planning& detailed planning

and unit costing

Details for each field can be checked using

% Important field details are as:

$otal Galue: Defines overall planning !ithout any reference to fiscal year

+nnual Planning: Defines overall planning !ith reference to fiscal year

,ottom up Planning: Overall planning values are extrapolated after saving

Exchange rate type: Determines !hich exchange rate is to be used for currency

conversion of overall values

;


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$ransaction O$ to edit costing and valuation variant

?osting variant is mostly used for unit costing &easy cost planning and also used for

costing net!orks. $he field costing type determines for !hich -, element

(costing ob5ect costing is done

Galuation variant determines the prices and rates. In the above mentioned slide&system !ill first check for LPlanned price if it fails& system !ill check for Lstandard

price and again if it fails it !ill check for Lmoving average price from material

master. If system no! fails& it !ill trigger an error message during cost determination

;


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&nternally-processed activities:

If no distribution key or !ork center is maintained in the activity& the costs are distributed

evenly over the earliest dates in the activity. Galuation is at the rate in the valuation variant.

Depending on the strategy being used& the system can determine the most current date.

valuation is determined by the rate maintained in the valuation variant. ,ased on the

strategy adopted& system determines the latest date. If no !ork center2distribution key is

maintained& the system distributes the cost evenly over the earliest dates.

'osts activity:

?ase :Invoice plan maintained:the values in periods are as per the values mentioned

in invoicing plan

?ase ):Invoicing plan not maintained and distribution key maintained:$he activity value

is

;


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distributed to the periods based on the distribution key maintained in the activity

?ase @:Invoicing plan not maintained and distribution key not maintained:$he

costs are distributed evenly over the earliest dates in the activity

If an invoicing plan has been maintained& the values in the periods are set

as specified in the invoicing plan.

Other!ise& the activity value is distributed to the periods using the distribution key in

the activity. If no distribution key is maintained in the activity& the costs are distributed

evenly over the earliest dates in the activity.

Service activities or externally-processed activities:

?ase :Invoice plan maintained:the values in periods are as per the

values mentioned in invoicing plan

?ase ):Invoicing plan not maintained:$he activity value is set in the period of the

latest activity start date.+lso the system determines the price from the purchasing info

record or the activity value.

Invoicing plan has priority for the values

If an invoicing plan has been maintained& the values in the periods are set

as specified in the invoicing plan.

Other!ise& the activity value is set in the period of the latest activity start

date.

$he invoicing plan has priority for the values. If no invoicing plan has been

maintained& the system determines the price from the purchasing info record or

the activity value.

(aterial components:

?ase :Invoice plan maintained:the periods and &in some cases&values are

taken from invoicing plan

?ase ):Invoicing plan not maintained:$he system determines the price from the

purchasing info record or the price is taken from material master as per

valuation variant.Cere material re4uirement date determines the period

If an invoicing plan has been maintained& the periods and& in some cases& the

values are taken from the invoicing plan. If no invoicing plan has been maintained&

the values are taken from the purchasing info record or the price is taken from the


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material master per the valuation variant. In this case& the period is that from

the material re4uirements date.


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$he customer accepts the 4uotation. + sales order is created in the system& !here

appropriate using the 4uotation as a template. $he activities listed in the 4uotation

are entered in the sales order as sales order items.

$he items are assigned to the pro5ect. $hey are used for revenue planning and for

posting revenues to the pro5ect by means of milestone billing.

$!o companies are responsible for executing the pro5ect 3 IDE +" and IDE


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In +P !here pro5ect is a controlling ob5ect:

ales order created and after structuring of pro5ect sales order !ill account assigned to-,. $hen revenue planned in sales order.

Once -ork completed in pro5ect& actual cost captured in -, and %inal product !ill

be delivered to ?lient.

,illing !ill be completed and actual revenue generated. +ctual #evenue !ill

be transferred to -,.

-hile #esult analysis performed for pro5ect the +ctual #evenue and ?ost !ill settled

to the profitability segment.

Sale document structureK ales Document type represents the type of business transaction and functions and

the flo! of document !ith in sale order. Processing.

K Item ?ategories are assigned to sales document category. -hile creation of ales order

it !ill default the item category but user can change it as per re4uirement.

K chedule line category is assigned to Item ?ategory. -hile creation of document

system !ill default the scheduled line category but it can changed according to

re4uirement.

;


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&tem 'ategory

K Item Category is determine by Sales Document type and thematerials Items category group in a sales order.

K Item Category controls function for Sales Order like Item Type,Pricing, illing Plan, resource related or deli!ery related.

K It controls if pricing is rele!ance for billing, rele!ance for Deli!erySchedule "ine Item, and contains Incompletion "og and Partner te#t.


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(#epresents a process of make3to3order production !ithout a !ork breakdo!n structure.

In this case& the sales order item is the contolling instrument. +ccount assignment category

E specifies that the sales order item forms a separate ?O ob5ect.

?osts and revenues of the sales order item are usually settled to the profitability segment.

()


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>ethods for plan revenue in a pro5ect are:

a. >anual revenue planning: this can be based on structure or revenue element

!here the later is a cost element and period based.

b. P billing plan: this is cost element and period based planning.

c. D document: this is part of integration !ith D module !here sales order itemor 4uotation items are used as revenue planning. $his kind of planning is cost

element and period based.

;


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#evenues can be planned in pro5ects using the follo!ing methods:

>anual planning in billing elements in the pro5ect structure.

$his type of planning can follo! the same procedure as cost planning& or can be by

revenue element.

ales orders (all D documents assigned.

ales order items are assigned to -, elements. In ?ustomiing& you can stipulate& for a

combination of sales document category (4uotation& order& and so on& sales

document type& controlling area& and system status& !hether the billing data (for

example& in a billing plan from a sales order should update the revenue plan for an

assigned -, element. $he dates and planned revenues concerned originate eitherfrom the billing plan for the sales order items or (if there is no billing plan from the

net value and apportionment data for the item. $he revenue element originates from

"27 account determination in D.

,illing plan in pro5ect billing elements.

$he revenue element is defined in ?ustomiing.

;


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$here are different !ays of creating billing plans:

>anually

,y copying a reference billing plan

In D and P& reference billing plans can be

called upon automatically

,y copying billing milestones from !ork

breakdo!n structures or net!orks

,y copying billing milestones automatically from

the net!ork in assembly processing

;


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In the D document& you can define a detailed billing plan !ith a number of billing dates

instead of 5ust a single billing date. + billing plan is a schedule containing individual billing

data for a particular sales document.

>ilestone billing is !idely used in pro5ects (for example& construction pro5ects.

If you use milestone billing& the total value to be billed is apportioned to the individual dates

in the billing plan per defined rules.

,illing plan dates can be blocked for billing

=ou can set billing blocks manually or remove them by activating billing milestones.

+s of #elease *./& billing plans can also be entered for billing elements in pro5ects. uch

billing plans can& if re4uired& be copied to the sales order later (make sure you delete

any existing billing plan in the billing element if you do not& the planned revenues !ill be

determined via the P billing plan and not the D billing plan.

+ billing plan can contain do!n payment dates. $hese dates affect payment& but not

revenue.

;


91/106B


92/106

$he term HVersion" is used in the pro5ect system in different contexts. Different

types of versions include simulation versions& pro5ect versions and ?O planning

versions are available in +P Pro5ect ystem !hich are discussed belo!.

Pro5ect versions& are snapshots of a pro5ect at a specific point in time& and are

used for documenting the progress of a pro5ect over time. ,oth 4uantities and

values are stored in versions and it can be created either manually& or

automatically !hen a status changes. In the case of status change& the pro5ect

profile contains a reference to a version profile !hich specifies the name of

the pro5ect version to be created !hen a particular user or system status is

set.

imulation versions: In the Pro5ect ystem& these are versions that you can

change. =ou might& for example& create simulation versions in the follo!ing

situations:

In the 4uotation phase: generally speaking& at this stage there is not yet

an operative pro5ect.

$o dra! up alternative planning scenarios for existing operative pro5ects

or parts of these.

?O plan versions are used to plan revenues and costs. =ou can copy values

from one version to another. =ou can change planned values manually in every

version and cost values are retained.

B


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imulation versions are used to dra! up alternative H!hat ifRH planning

scenarios. $hey are created manually& can be changed& and& if necessary&

deleted again !hich is unlike released operative -,s !ith activities.

imulation versions are useful during the 4uotation phase of a pro5ect

and possible to plan several simulation versions.

=ou can create simulation versions even at the time of execution of pro5ect&

!here you can copy from operative to simulation versions& compare& analye

and !ork !ith other versions and transfer them back to the operative

pro5ect.

-hen an operative pro5ect is copied to a simulation version or vice versa& a

log file is created !hich contains the ob5ects that !ere transferred and any

error messages that !ere issued in the process.

imulation versions can be created either for an entire -,& or for

sub3 hierarchies of a -,.

imulation versions are edited in the pro5ect planning board or in pro5ectplanning board from +P #2@ *.6? release.

$he system performs the test run !hile transfer to check if the operative

or simulation version can be transferred.

>ultiple imulation version can be created& compared and evaluated.

B


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imulation customiation consists of t!o steps:

. Gersion keys: one should !ork !ith permissible version keys since these cannot

be deleted once simulations has been created.

). imulation profile: $his determines !hich all ob5ects !ill be copied !hile creating

simulations (in addition to the structure information from simulation tooperative (and vice versa. If there are no simulation profile& all the texts !ill be

copied. $he simulation profile !ill be defaulted in the pro5ect due to assignment

in pro5ect profile.

Sust like pro5ect version& simulation versions can be compared !ith each other in

information system& !hereas the cost element report does not support the

simulation versions.


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-hen you transfer data from operative pro5ects to simulation versions (or

vice versa& the follo!ing ob5ects are copied:

-ork breakdo!n structure

1et!ork !ith activities& activity elements& relationships& and

subnet!orks >ilestones

>aterials for the activity

Documents& P texts and long texts (depending on the simulation profile

used

?apacity re4uirements

Invoicing plan for the net!ork& and billing plan for the -, element

(as of #elease *.0+

$he follo!ing ob5ects are not copied:

Other orders (e.g. no production orders

Production resources2tools

B


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Pro5ect versions enable you to record a snapshot of a pro5ect at a specific

moment in time 3 this can be used for future comparison !ith the

operative pro5ect.

=ou can create a pro5ect version automatically (i.e. triggered by a system or user

status.

=ou can also create a pro5ect version manually:

-hile changing the -,

-hile changing the net!ork

In the tructure2Dates information system for one or more pro5ects

Data transfer !hen Gersion profile settings are used !hile using these transactions:

. tatus dependent pro5ect versions.

). $? net!ork maintenance ?1)) or -, element maintenance ?S/)

Data transfer !hich is Independent of version profile and dependent on

database profile:

@. $? ?1; and ?1;)

*. tructure information system

B


97/106B

$he version profile is maintained in the P customiation and assigned to

Pro5ect profile or net!ork profile.


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=ou use a version profile to define t!o different kinds of information. %irst& you

specify !hich version is created automatically !hen a specific system status or

user status is set. econd& you specify !hich data is to be !ritten to the

versions that are created automatically.

=ou need to define a version profile& if you !ish to have versions created

automatically& or if you !ish to generate versions directly !hen editing the -,

or net!orks.

=ou do not need to define a version profile& if you !ish to generate versions

manually from the tructure2Dates information system.

$he version profile is entered in the pro5ect profile and net!ork profile.

B


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Pro5ect planning board is a tool in +P P !hich helps and enable you to

process 2 edit the entire pro5ect structure !hich are -, element& activities&

relationships& milestones& material components& P texts& documents and

assigned ob5ects to them.

It is similar to "antt chart based on interactive +P environment.

$his comprises of hierarchy structure of your pro5ect and the corresponding

date situation.

=ou can custom made the display in pro5ect planning board to suite your

re4uirement.

Pro5ect planning board can also be useful for planning dates and resources

i.e. !ork& external processing& for planning costs using activities.

B


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Pro5ect planning board profile contains default values for the appearance

of planning board.

$he settings in this pro5ect planning board profile is valid for both& simulation

versions and operative pro5ects.

$he graphical display can be changed and adapt as per user needs inthe planning board and customiation using pro5ect planning board

assistant.

B


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Pro5ect planning board is a graphical interface based on "antt chart !hich can

be used for creating and maintaining data like pro5ect definition& -, element&

activities& relationships& milestones& documents and P texts.


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+ssembly processing !ill be helpful !hile one is planning and producing or

servicing same product for several times !ith similar constellations. -hich means

the basic structure !ill be same !hile data like duration& dates& 4uantities etc. !ill be

changing. In assembling processing& a net!ork and -, element A Pro5ect (if

re4uired is automatically created based on the customiation& !hile a sales

document is created and saved. $he pro5ect number is derived from alesdocument and this process generates assignment bet!een sales document A

pro5ect. $his incurs that the same information !ill be shared by sales and pro5ect

team. If the data is changed in Pro5ect !ill update ales document (and vice versa

!hich helps in delays and disagreement bet!een sales and pro5ect department.

Process flo!:

If a sales order is created for a material !hich has strategy group for assembly

processing has been assigned& the assembly processing !ill start.

$he >#P processing is omitted in the assembly processing and creates a operativeorder (net!ork in case of P directly from sales order.

+ssembly processing is carried out statically in P !hich means only one net!ork

for one sales document item.

,ased on the customer re4uirements date& back!ard scheduling is carried out and

availability check is done for re4uired material components. -hich enables to

inform customer about feasibility of re4uired date or else system !ill propose ne!

date.


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+lso& the calculated cost !ill be transferred from net!ork the sales order.

-hile saving the sales document& -, element structure A pro5ect definition !ill

be created !hich is identified by sales order number.

ince the sales document and the pro5ect is directly connected& any changes

one ob5ect !ill update 2 reflect in other automatically.


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$he re4uirement class !hich is assigned !ith the sales order !hile creating it !ill

start assembly processing& one assembly order automatically created by system

and start assembly processing in the back ground. ,y this method >#P is ignored

and an operational order created directly from ales Order.

,elo! is the list of +ssembly order !hich can be created:3

1et!ork& Production Order& planned order& Plant maintenance or ervice order and

Process Order.

+ssembly Processing contains all the date of ales order and assembly order. o

if there is any change done later to any document it !ill reflects in both document.


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