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Jochen Bder and Bernhard Grne,
Architecture Governance and Standards
THE ARCHITECTURE OF SAP ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING (ERP)SAP ARCHITECTURE BLUEBOOK
Find more Information in the Architecture Library: https://portal.wdf.sap.corp/go/architecture-library
Materials
Management
(MM)
PP
Sales and
Distribution
(SD)
Sales Order
Processing
Availability
CheckPricing
Delivery
Shipment
Processing
Billing
RRR
Sa
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De
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Ord
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Billin
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RF
Q /
Inq
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Sa
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Activity
Master Data
MaterialBusiness
Partner
Materials Re-
quirement
Planning (MRP)
Planned Orders
Production Orders
Purchase
Requisition
Processing
R
R
Purchase
MaterialR
Produce
Material
Pu
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ase
Re
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Purchase
Order
Processing
Pu
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ase
Ord
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Goods Issue
Processing
Go
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s
Issu
es
Goods
Receipt
Processing Go
od
s
Re
ce
ipts
Inventory
Update
Invoice
Verification
R
Ship /
Deliver
FI / CO
Financial
Accounting
Controlling-
Profitability
Analysis
R
R
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FI
Da
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Pre
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SAP CRM
SAP APO
Global
ATP
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Sales Order Processing
Sales
Orders
Replicated Master Data
ProductBusiness
Partner
Replicated
to ERP
Conditions
SAP GTS
SAP Internal
THE BEST-RUN BUSINESSES RUN SAP
This book provides the first comprehensive description of the architecture concepts of SAP
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). It is an extended compilation of the Architecture
Bluebooks about SAP ERP Operations, SAP ERP Financials, and SAP ERP Human Capital
Management (HCM) written by the following authors:
Satish Karthik (SAP ERP Operations) joined SAP Labs India in 2003 and has been working
as a Solution Architect in IMS development support India for Materials Management (MM). In
the past years, Sathish also worked across development areas such as consulting, custom
development, or product management within SAP.
Currently, Sathish is working in the SAP APO (Advanced Planner & Optimizer) area at SAP
Labs Palo Alto.
Sushil Kumar (SAP ERP Financials) started in SAP IMS development support India in 2005
with the FI Business Warehouse topic and has become an expert of the financial
inconsistencies area which deals with database corrections for customer financials data.
In his current role as an Associate Architect he has overall responsibility for various financials
topics which are supported in India, including GL inconsistencies, archiving, and analytics.
Sagar Joshi (SAP ERP HCM) joined SAP Labs India in 2000 and since then worked in the
HCM Development team. In the initial years with SAP, he focused on the HCM country
version for India and was a key contributor to delivering the payroll and HR localization to
Indian customers. Since 2004, Sagar is working as Architect on various topic in the area of
HCM self services and shared services. His current responsibility is the renovation of HCM
user interfaces.
i
Jochen Bder, Bernhard Grne (Editors)
Sathish Karthik R, Sushil Kumar, Sagar Joshi (Authors)
The Architecture of SAP Enterprise
Resource Planning (ERP)
SAP Architecture Bluebook
Internal
Version 1.0
December 2010
SAP Architecture Bluebook: SAP ERP
ii Internal Copyright SAP AG 2010
2010 SAP AG. All rights reserved.
SAP, R/3, SAP NetWeaver, Duet, PartnerEdge, ByDesign, SAP BusinessObjects
Explorer, and other SAP products and services mentioned herein as well as their
respective logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of SAP AG in Germany and
other countries.
Business Objects and the Business Objects logo, BusinessObjects, Crystal Reports,
Crystal Decisions, Web Intelligence, Xcelsius, and other Business Objects products and
services mentioned herein as well as their respective logos are trademarks or registered
trademarks of Business Objects Software Ltd. in the United States and in other countries.
All other product and service names mentioned are the trademarks of their respective
companies. Data contained in this document serves informational purposes only. National
product specifications may vary.
These materials are subject to change without notice. These materials are provided by
SAP AG and its affiliated companies (SAP Group) for informational purposes only,
without representation or warranty of any kind, and SAP Group shall not be liable for
errors or omissions with respect to the materials. The only warranties for SAP Group
products and services are those that are set forth in the express warranty statements
accompanying such products and services, if any. Nothing herein should be construed as
constituting an additional warranty.
SAP Architecture Bluebook: SAP ERP
Copyright SAP AG 2010 Internal iii
Table of Contents
Foreword ............................................................................................................ 1
Preface ................................................................................................................ 2
1 Architecture of SAP ERP .............................................................................. 3
1.1 SAP ERP Overview ............................................................................................... 4
1.2 SAP ERP Operations ............................................................................................ 4
1.3 SAP ERP Financials ............................................................................................. 5
1.4 SAP ERP Human Capital Management .............................................................. 6
2 SAP ERP Operations ..................................................................................... 7
2.1 Introduction of SAP ERP Operations ................................................................. 9 2.1.1 Master Data and Reuse .........................................................................................10 2.1.2 Integration with SAP Business Suite ......................................................................13
2.2 Material Master ................................................................................................... 16 2.2.1 Architecture Overview ............................................................................................16 2.2.2 The View Concept of Material Master ....................................................................17 2.2.3 Database Design of Material Master ......................................................................20
2.3 Business Partner Master Data .......................................................................... 22 2.3.1 Partner Determination ............................................................................................22
2.4 Sales and Distribution ....................................................................................... 24 2.4.1 Architecture Overview ............................................................................................24 2.4.2 Integration ..............................................................................................................27 2.4.3 Pricing ....................................................................................................................28 2.4.4 Availability Check ...................................................................................................36
2.5 Production Planning .......................................................................................... 43 2.5.1 Master Data ............................................................................................................43 2.5.2 Integration ..............................................................................................................44 2.5.3 Planning Functions .................................................................................................45 2.5.4 Production Execution .............................................................................................51
2.6 Materials Management ....................................................................................... 56 2.6.1 Procurement of Materials .......................................................................................57 2.6.2 Procurement of Services ........................................................................................58 2.6.3 Integration ............
