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Sanskrit Grammar-4
James SantucciDepartment of Comparative Religion
California State University
The Verb: First Conjugation
First Class; b hClass (g%:); Unaccented a-classof the First
Conjugational System: bhv-di (Wvaid)
Present tense ( vartamna-kla)
Personal endings of the present tense, indicative mode(la)
puz: vcnm
k i bhu
&m- -it -t: -iNtm>ym- -is -&: -&
m- -im -v: -m:
The visarga in the dual follows the following sandhi rule:
"The final -s or -r (that is, sentence final orpada-final after
avowel are replaced by visarga. " (Pini 8.3,15)
(v) + -s-r -/(v) #
The ending in the dual are originally s. Thus, in final
position(herepada-final), the visarga- replaces it.
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The "last person, singular" is -mi. In Pini 7.3.101, it is
stated
that the thematic vowel or g%: sign () is replaced by abefore
averbal affix beginning with m orv.
a / m v
Formation of the Stem of the Bh Class
1. The root or
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Examples:
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Reduplication (Wyas:)
pa drink ipb see below (1) ipb
)a smell ij) see below (2) ij)
S&a stand see below (3)
Sandhi Rules for Reduplication[Emeneau, p. 20]
Wyas:refers to the first syllable of a reduplicated verbal base
(
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2. Rules for )a
1. (a) applies.
2. No aspirated spara (SpxR:) is allowed in a reduplicated
syllable(see b above). In this case the voiced (ghoavant-) ,
velar(kahya-), aspirated (mah-pra -), spara is replaced by
thevoiced (ghoavant-) , palatal (tlavya-), non-aspirated(alpa-pra-
), spara.
)a j
3. Rules for S&a1. (a) applies.
2. If a
