Sanica vs. Mula CD

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    7. Sinica vs Mula and Commission on Elections

    In this case, assailed was the COMELEC Resolution on Oct. 6, 1998 inSPA No. 98!9!, decla"in# the su$stitution o% &a'o"alt' candidate

    (eodo"o Sinaca, )". $' *etitione" E&&anuel +. Sinaca as inalid.

    Facts:

    In the Ma' 1998 elections, *etitione" E&&anuel Sinica was a su$stitutecandidate %o" the &a'o"al *ost o% the Matu#as -in# a%te" thei" o"i#inalcandidate, (eodo"o Sinica, )"., was disuali/ed %o" $ein# conicted o%$i#a&'. 0e was *"oclai&ed winne" a%te" the canassin#.

    Matu#as -in# was a %action in the LA2ASN3C+3MP+ *a"t', as wellas the 4a"$e"s -in#. Each %action has se*a"ate candidates %o" the

    &a'o"al *ost in the Munici*alit' o% Mali&ono, Su"i#ao del No"te.5

    Res*ondent Mula who #ot Sinica, )". disuali/ed5 /led adisuali/cation case a#ainst E&&anuel Sinica $e%o"e the COMELEC. 0ealle#ed that said su$stitution was inalid $ecause

    a5 Sinica was not &e&$e" o% the LA2AS *a"t' when he wasno&inated as a su$stitute7 and

    $5 it lacs a**"oal o% Sen. 4a"$e"s as a oint si#nato"' o% thesu$stitution.

    (he COMELEC Second +iision dis&issed the disuali/cation case.0owee", when "es*ondent Mula /led a Motion %o" Reconside"ation,COMELEC en $anc set aside the "esolution o% the Second +iision anddisuali/ed EMMAN3EL asse"tin# that the su$stitution iolated the*"oisions o% Sec. :: o% the O&ni$us Election Code that the su$stitute&ust $elon# to the sa&e *olitical *a"t' as the su$stituted candidate.E&&anuel +. Sinaca was not alid $ecause he was an inde*endentcandidate %o" councilo" *"io" to his no&ination as su$stitute candidatein *lace o% the withd"awin# candidate who was a Laas *a"t' &e&$e".

    (he"e%o"e, this case $e%o"e the Su*"e&e Cou"t.

    Issue:

    -ON the su$stitution o% E&&anuel Sinica was a#ainst the *"oisions o%Section :: o% the O&ni$us Election Code.

    http://joiemanuel.tk/election-law/sinica-vs-mula-and-commission-on-elections/http://joiemanuel.tk/election-law/sinica-vs-mula-and-commission-on-elections/
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    0eld

    NO. Section :: o% the O&ni$us Election Code onl' &andates that asu$stitute candidate should $e a *e"son $elon#in# to and ce"ti/ed $'the sa&e *olitical *a"t' as the candidate to $e "e*laced.

    Petitione" E&&anuel Sinaca, an inde*endent candidate, had /"stwithd"awn his ce"ti/cate o% candidac' %o" San##unian# 4a'an Me&$e"$e%o"e he oined the LA2AS *a"t' and no&inated $' the LA2ASMA(3;AS -in# as the su$stitute candidate. 0e had /led his ce"ti/cateo% candidac' and his ce"ti/cate o% no&ination as LA2AS &a'o"alt'candidate si#ned $' ;o. Matu#as with his w"itten acce*tance o% the*a"t'

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    Whether or not the COMELEC has the authority to decide on the case.

    HELD

    (he SC has "uled in *"eious cases that the COMELEC, sittin# en $anc,

    does not hae the "euisite autho"it' to hea" and decide election casesincludin# *"e*"ocla&ation cont"oe"sies in the /"st instance. (his*owe" *e"tains to the diisions o% the Co&&ission. An' decision $' theCo&&ission en $anc as "e#a"ds election cases decided $' it in the /"stinstance is null and oid. In the SC Ma"ch 199?, A#a*ito A. Auino /led his Ce"ti/cate o% Candidac'%o" the *osition o% Re*"esentatie %o" the new Second Le#islatie+ist"ict o% Maati Cit'. In his ce"ti/cate o% candidac', Auino stated thathe was a "esident o% the a%o"e&entioned dist"ict %o" 1> &onths. @acedwith a *etition %o" disuali/cation, he a&ended the ent"' on his

    "esidenc' in his ce"ti/cate o% candidac' to 1 'ea" and 1 da's. (heCo&&ission on Elections dis&issed the *etition on 6 Ma' and allowedAuino to "un in the election o% 8 Ma'. Auino won. Actin# on a &otion%o" "econside"ation o% the a$oe dis&issal, the Co&&ission on Electionlate" issued an o"de" sus*endin# the *"ocla&ation o% Auino until theCo&&ission "esoled the issue. On ! )une, the Co&&ission onElections %ound Auino ineli#i$le and disuali/ed %o" the electie oBce%o" lac o% constitutional uali/cation o% "esidence.

    ISSUE

    -hethe" "esidenc'D in the ce"ti/cate o% candidac' actuall' connotesdo&icileD to wa""ant thedisuali/cation o% Auino %"o& the *osition in the electo"al dist"ict.

    HELD

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    (he *lace whe"e a *a"t' actuall' o" const"uctiel' has his *e"&anentho&e,D whe"e he, no &atte" whe"e he &a' $e %ound at an' #ien ti&e,eentuall' intends to "etu"n and "e&ain, i.e., his do&icile, is that towhich the Constitution "e%e"s when it s*eas o% "esidence %o" the

    *u"*oses o% election law. (he *u"*ose is to e=clude st"an#e"s o"newco&e"s un%a&ilia" with the conditions and needs o% the co&&unit'%"o& tain# adanta#e o% %ao"a$le ci"cu&stances e=istin# in thatco&&unit' %o" electo"al #ain. Auino

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    3. )ON* L. +EN,!REN vs COMM$SS$ON ONELEC)$ONS and E-,$N CR$SOLOGO

    G.R. No. 19393

    Facts

    Petitione" (on' L. 4enwa"en and *"iate "es*ondent Edwin C"isolo#o

    we"e candidates %o" the *osition o% Munici*al Ma'o" o% the Munici*alit'

    o% (ine#, A$"a in the Ma' !>> elections.

    +u"in# the canass o% the election "etu"n o% P"ecinct No. 16A, counsel

    %o" *etitione" o$ected to the inclusion o% the election "etu"n on the

    #"ound that the sa&e was alle#edl' *"e*a"ed unde" du"ess, %o"ce o"

    inti&idation, o" was *"e*a"ed $' *e"sons othe" than the 4oa"d o%Election Ins*ecto"s 4EI5 conce"ned.

    (he M4C de%e""ed the *"ocla&ation o% the winnin# candidate %o" the

    *osition o% Munici*al Ma'o" $ecause it contended that the contested

    election "etu"n %"o& P"ecinct No. 16A would aFect the "esult o% the

    election %o" the *osition. (o s*eedil' settle and *ut an end to the

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    cont"oe"s' "econstitution o% the M4C with new &e&$e"s, to, a&on#

    othe"s, dete"&ine i% the identit' and inte#"it' o% the said $allot $o= and

    the $allots contained the"ein we"e not iolated7 and, *"oceed to

    "ecount the otes o% the candidates aFected and *"e*a"e a new

    election "etu"n %o" the said *"ecinct7 and then canass the said "etu"nand *"oclai& the winnin# candidateGs7 o"

    +u"in# the e=a&ination o% the election "etu"n, the M4C %ound that the

    inte#"it' o% the $allot $o= was iolated as it was le%t unattended and

    was nee" delie"ed to its *"o*e" custodian. (he $allots we"e not also

    *laced in *"o*e"l' sealed o" *laced in enelo*ed *"e*a"ed $' Co&elec.

    (he New M4C *"oclai&ed *"iate "es*ondent C"isolo#o as the dul'

    elected &a'o" o% (ine#, A$"a $ased on the "esults o% the "e&ainin#uncontested election "etu"ns.

    +ue to the un%ao"a$le "esult, 4enwa"en /led a Petition to Annul

    P"ocla&ation o" to Sus*end the EFects (he"eo% and Petition to +ecla"e

    Ille#al Hthe P"oceedin#s o% the New 4oa"d o% Canasse"s o% (ine#,

    A$"a.

    In a Resolution dated @e$"ua"' 18, !>>?, the COMELEC @i"st +iision

    dis&issed the *etition %o" lac o% &e"it, decla"in# the New M4C was

    s*eci/call' &andated $' it to dete"&ine whethe" the identit' and

    inte#"it' o% the $allot $o= %o" P"ecinct No. 16A and its $allots we"e

    iolated. (hus, it held that the &atte" was le%t to the sound disc"etion

    o% the &e&$e"s o% the New M4C, which co&*lied with its o"de". It

    added that the New M4C is *"esu&ed to hae "e#ula"l' *e"%o"&ed its

    oBcial dut' a$sent a st"on# *"oo% to the cont"a"' $' *etitione".

    Petitione" /led a a *etition %o" ce"tio"a"i $e%o"e the Su*"e&e Cou"t.

    Issues:

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    1. ,/et/ero" not COMELEC #"ael' a$used its disc"etion a&ountin#

    to lac o" e=cess o% u"isdiction when it aB"&ed the "ulin# o% the New

    M4C that the inte#"it' o% the $allot $o= %o" P"ecinct No. 16A, 4a"an#a'

    Lanec, (ine#, A$"a, and its contents had $een iolated.

    !. -hethe" o" not COMELEC #"ael' a$used its disc"etion a&ountin#

    to lac o" e=cess o% u"isdiction when it ille#all' *"oclai&ed *"iate

    "es*ondent C"isolo#o $ased on inco&*lete canass o% otes.

    . -hethe" o" not COMELEC en $anc Resolution dated Au#ust 1,

    !>>? was ille#all' *"o&ul#ated since %o"&e" Co&&issione"s Ji"#ilio O.

    ;a"cillano and Manuel A. 4a"celona, )". we"e no lon#e" &e&$e"s o% the

    COMELEC at the ti&e o% *"o&ul#ation.

    Ruin!:

    1. No, the"e was no a$use o% disc"etion on the *a"t o% Co&elec. (he

    COMELEC @i"st +iision s*eci/call' &andated the New M4C to

    dete"&ine whethe" the identit' and inte#"it' o% the $allot $o= o%

    P"ecinct No. 16A and its $allots we"e iolated. A%te" conenin#

    %o" that *u"*ose, the New M4C %ound that the inte#"it' o% the

    $allot $o= o% P"ecinct No. 16A and its contents was iolated and

    it issued a Rulin# acco"din#l'. (he COMELEC u*held the %actual

    /ndin# o% the New M4C and decla"ed that the New M4C is

    *"esu&ed to hae "e#ula"l' *e"%o"&ed its oBcial dut' a$sent an'

    *"oo% to the cont"a"' $' *etitione". (he %actual /ndin#s o%

    ad&inist"atie a#encies which hae acui"ed e=*e"tise in thei"

    /eld a"e #ene"all' $indin# and conclusie on the cou"ts in the

    a$sence o% #"ae a$use and none has $een shown in this case.

    !. No, the"e was no a$use o% disc"etion on the *a"t o% Co&elec. (he

    COMELEC "uled that $ased on Section !> i5 o% Re*u$lic Act No.

    :166, ea"lie" cited, the *"ocla&ation o% *"iate "es*ondent

    C"isolo#o was *"o*e" $ecause the contested "etu"ns would not

    ade"sel' aFect the "esults o% the election. I% the otes in P"ecinct

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    No. 8A as "eKected on the contested "etu"n a"e added to thei"

    otes in the uncontested *"ecincts, the "esult would $e 918 as

    a#ainst 9!, in %ao" o% *"iate "es*ondent C"isolo#o who still

    e&e"#es the winne" $' a &a"#in o% si= 65 otes.

    . No, the"e was no a$use o% disc"etion on the *a"t o% Co&elec. Adecision $eco&es $indin# onl' a%te" it is alidl' *"o&ul#ated.Conseuentl', i% at the ti&e o% the *"o&ul#ation o% a decision o""esolution, a &e&$e" o% the colle#iate cou"t who had ea"lie"si#ned o" "e#iste"ed his ote has acated his oBce, his ote isauto&aticall' withd"awn o" cancelled. 0owee", the Resolution, inthis case, "e&ains alid $ecause it is still su**o"ted $' a &ao"it'

    o% the COMELEC en $anc.

    &. )rinidad vs Commission on Elections andSun0a

    G.R. No. 13571

    Setem2er 3 1999

    (his is a *etition %o" ce"tio"a"i uestionin# the Resolution o% theCo&&ission on Elections disuali%'in# *etitione" as a &a'o"alt'candidate in the Ma' 199? elections. Liewise, it sees the "eiew o% asu$seuent "esolution annullin# *etitione"

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    Facts:

    Petitione" ("inidad won the Ma' 199? elections. P"iate "es*ondentSun#a /led a disuali/cation case a#ainst *etitione" and asin# theCOMELEC to *"oclai& hi& as the dul' elected &a'o". COMELEC*"o&ul#ated it decision on )une !!, 1998, disuali%'in# ("inidad.Petitione" /led a Motion @o" Reconside"ation clai&in# that he wasde*"ied o% due *"ocess. Petitione" was a#ain *"oclai&ed winne" in theMa' 1998 elections. On Octo$e" 1, 1998 COMELEC denied *etitione"

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    !. NO. Petitione" cannot $e disuali/ed %"o& his "eelection te"& o%oBce. Re&oal cannot e=tend $e'ond the te"& du"in# which thealle#ed &isconduct was co&&itted. I% a *u$lic oBcial is not "e&oed$e%o"e his te"& o% oBce e=*i"es, he can no lon#e" $e "e&oed i% he isthe"ea%te" "eelected %o" anothe" te"&.

    . NO. As ea"lie" decided $' the Su*"e&e Cou"t, the candidate whoo$tains the second hi#hest nu&$e" o% otes &a' not $e *"oclai&edwinne" in case the winnin# candidate is disuali/ed. (hat would $edisen%"anchisin# the electo"ate without an' %ault on thei" *a"t and tounde"&ine the i&*o"tance and &eanin# o% de&oc"ac' and the*eo*le1>>?dated ? )une !>>1 Resolution No. >1>>?D5 and Resolution No. N4C

    http://joiemanuel.tk/election-law/tolentino-and-mojica-vs-commission-on-elections-recto-and-honasan/http://joiemanuel.tk/election-law/tolentino-and-mojica-vs-commission-on-elections-recto-and-honasan/http://joiemanuel.tk/election-law/tolentino-and-mojica-vs-commission-on-elections-recto-and-honasan/http://joiemanuel.tk/election-law/tolentino-and-mojica-vs-commission-on-elections-recto-and-honasan/
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    >1>>6 dated !> )ul' !>>1 Resolution No. >1>>6D5 o% "es*ondentCo&&ission on Elections COMELECD5. Resolution No. >1>>?*"oclai&ed the 1 candidates elected as Senato"s in the 1 Ma' !>>1elections while Resolution No. >1>>6 decla"ed oBcial and /nalD the"anin# o% the 1 Senato"s *"oclai&ed in Resolution No. >1>>?.

    Facts:

    @ollowin# the a**oint&ent o% Senato" (eo/sto ;uin#ona as JiceP"esident o% the Phili**ines, the Senate on @e$"ua"' 8, !>>1 *assedResolution No. 8, callin# on COMELEC to /ll the acanc' th"ou#h as*ecial election to $e held si&ultaneousl' with the "e#ula" elections onMa' 1, !>>1. (wele senato"s, with 6'ea" te"& each, we"e due to $eelected in that election. (he "esolution %u"the" *"oides that the

    Senato"ial candidate #a"ne"in# the 1th hi#hest nu&$e" o% otes shallse"e onl' %o" the une=*i"ed te"& o% %o"&e" Senato" (eo/sto ;uin#ona,

    )". which ends on )une >, !>>.

    On )une ?, !>>1, a%te" canassin# the election "esults, the COMELEC*"oclai&ed 1 candidates as the elected Senato"s, with the /"st 1!Senato"s to se"e the une=*i"ed te"& o% 6 'ea"s and the 1th Senato"to se"e the %ull te"& o% 'ea"s o% Senato" (eo/sto ;uin#ona, )".;"e#o"io 0onasan "aned 1th.

    Petitione"s A"tu"o (olentino and A"tu"o Moica, as ote"s and ta=*a'e"s,/led the instant *etition %o" *"ohi$ition, *"a'in# %o" the nulli/cation o%Resolution No. >1>>?. (he' contend that COMELEC issued Resolution>1>>? without u"isdiction $ecause 15 it %ailed to noti%' the electo"ateo% the *osition to $e /lled in the s*ecial election as "eui"ed unde"Section ! o% RA 66?7 !5 it %ailed to "eui"e senato"ial candidates toindicate in thei" ce"ti/cates o% candidac' whethe" the' see electionunde" the s*ecial o" "e#ula" elections as alle#edl' "eui"ed unde"Section : o% 4P 8817 and, conseuentl', 5 it %ailed to s*eci%' in theJote"s In%o"&ation Sheet the candidates seein# election unde" the

    s*ecial o" "e#ula" senato"ial elections as *u"*o"tedl' "eui"ed unde"Section , *a"a#"a*h o% RA 666. (olentino and Moica add that$ecause o% these o&issions, COMELEC canassed all the otes cast %o"the senato"ial candidates in the 1 Ma' !>>1 elections withoutdistinction such that the"e we"e no two se*a"ate Senate elections heldsi&ultaneousl' $ut ust a sin#le election %o" thi"teen seats, i""es*ectieo% te"&.D (olentino and Moica sou#ht the issuance o% a te&*o"a"'"est"ainin# o"de" du"in# the *endenc' o% thei" *etition. -ithout issuin#

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    an' "est"ainin# o"de", the Su*"e&e Cou"t "eui"ed COMELEC toCo&&ent on the *etition. 0onasan uestioned (olentino

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    s*eci/ed $' the Senate in Resolution No. 8. Initiall', the o"i#inal d"a%to% said "esolution as int"oduced $' Senato" @"ancisco (atad &ade no&ention o% the &anne" $' which the seat acated $' %o"&e" Senato";uin#ona would $e /lled. 0owee", u*on the su##estion o% Senato"Raul Roco, the Senate a#"eed to a&end the "esolution $' *"oidin# as

    it now a**ea"s, that the senato"ial ca$didate #a"ne"in# the 1thhi#hest nu&$e" o% otes shall se"e onl' %o" the une=*i"ed te"& o%%o"&e" Senato" (eo/sto ;ion#ona, )".D

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    . )aule vs Santos

    !u0ust 1 1991

    G. R. No. 9'33

    (his is a *etition %o" ce"tio"a"i seein# the "ee"sal o% the "esolutions o%"es*ondent Sec"eta"' dated Au#ust , 1989 and Se*te&$e" ?, 1989 %o"$ein# null and oid.

    Facts:

    An election %o" the oBce"s o% the @ede"ation o% Associations o%4a"an#a' Council @A4C5 was held on )une 18, 1989 des*ite thea$sence o% othe" &e&$e"s o% the said council. Includin# Petitione" waselected as the *"esident.

    Res*ondent Je"celes sent a lette" o% *"otest to "es*ondent Santos,seein# its nulli/cation in iew o% see"al Ka#"ant i""e#ula"ities in the&anne" it was conducted.

    Petitione" denied the alle#ations o% "es*ondent Je"celes anddenouncin# "es*ondent %o" inte"enin# in the said election which is a

    *u"el' non*a"tisan aFai". And "euestin# %o" his a**oint&ent as a&e&$e" o% the San##unian# Panlalawi#an o% the *"oince $ein# thedul' elected P"esident o% the @A4C in Catanduanes.

    Res*ondent Santos issued a "esolution on Au#ust , 1989 nulli%'in# theelection and o"de"in# a new one to $e conducted as ea"l' as *ossi$leto $e *"esided $' the Re#ional +i"ecto" o% Re#ion J o% the +e*a"t&ento% Local ;oe"n&ent. Petitione" /led a &otion %o" "econside"ation $ut itwas denied $' "es*ondent Santos in his "esolution on Se*te&$e" ?,1989.

    (hus this *etition $e%o"e the Su*"e&e Cou"t.

    Issues

    1. -ON the "es*ondent Santos has u"isdiction to ente"tain anelection *"otest inolin# the election o% the oBce"s o% the @A4C.

    http://joiemanuel.tk/election-law/taule-vs-santos/http://joiemanuel.tk/election-law/taule-vs-santos/
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    !. -ON the "es*ondent Je"celes has the le#al *e"sonalit' to /le anelection *"otest.

    Hed:

    1. No. (he Sec"eta"' o% Local ;oe"n&ent has no u"isdiction toente"tain an' *"otest inolin# the election o% oBce"s o% the@A4C. 0e is onl' ested with the *owe" to *"o&ul#ate "ules and"e#ulations and to e=e"cise #ene"al su*e"ision oe" the local#oe"n&ent as *"oided in the Local ;oe"n&ent Code and in theAd&inist"atie Code. It is the e=clusie o"i#inal u"isdiction o% the

    in%e"io" to hea" election *"otest and the COMELEC hae thea**ellate u"isdiction oe" it.

    !. es. (he ;oe"no" has the *e"sonalit' to /le the *"otest. 3nde"Section !>? o% the Local ;oe"n&ent Code, the &e&$e"shi* o%the san##unian# *anlalawi#an consists o% the #oe"no", the ice#oe"no", electie &e&$e"s o% the said san##unian, etc. 0e actedas the *"esidin# oBce" o% the san##unian# *anlalawi#an. As*"esidin# oBce", he has an inte"est in the election o% the oBce"so% the @A4C since its elected *"esident $eco&es a &e&$e" o% the

    asse&$l'. I% said &e&$e" assu&es his *lace unde" uestiona$leci"cu&stances, the san##unian &a' $e ulne"a$le to attacs asto thei" alidit' o" le#alit'. (he"e%o"e, "es*ondent #oe"no" is a*"o*e" *a"t' to uestion the "e#ula"it' o% the elections o% theoBce"s o% the @A4C.

    (he election o% oBce"s o% the @A4C held on )une 18, 1989 is null andoid %o" not co&*l'in# with the *"oisions o% +L; Ci"cula" No. 89>9.

    +L; Ci"cula" No. 89>9 *"oides that the incu&$ent @A4C P"esident o"

    the JiceP"esident shall *"eside oe" the "eo"#aniational &eetin#,the"e $ein# a uo"u&.D It is ad&itted that neithe" the incu&$ent @A4CP"esident no" the JiceP"esident *"esided oe" the &eetin# andelections $ut Al$e"to P. Molina, )"., the Chai"&an o% the 4oa"d o%Election Su*e"iso"sGConsultants. (he"e%o"e, the"e was a clea" iolationo% the said &andato"' *"oision.

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    Pendin# "esolution, *etitione" also /led a su**le&ental *etitionalle#in# that *u$lic "es*ondent Local ;oe"n&ent Sec"eta"', in his&e&o"andu& dated )une :, 199>, desi#nated Au#usto Antonio,des*ite hi& $ein# a$sent on said election. (he Sec"eta"' o% Local;oe"n&ent has no autho"it' to a**oint an'one who does not &eet

    the &ini&u& uali/cation to $e the *"esident o% the %ede"ation o%$a"an#a' councils.

    8. RomualdeMarcos vs Commission on Elections

    G.R. No.11997:Setem2er 18 1995

    Facts:

    Petitione" I&elda Ro&ualdeMa"cos /led he" Ce"ti/cate o% Candidac'

    %o" the *osition o% Re*"esentatie o% the @i"st +ist"ict o% Le'te. P"iate"es*ondent Ci"ilo Ro' Monteo, a candidate %o" the sa&e *osition, /leda *etition %o" cancellation and disuali/cation with the COMELECalle#in# that *etitione" did not &eet the constitutional "eui"e&ent %o""esidenc'. P"iate "es*ondent contended that *etitione" laced theConstitution

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    the dist"ict %o" onl' : &onths, $ecause o% the %ollowin# a5 a &ino"%ollows the do&icile o% he" *a"ents7 (aclo$an $eca&e *etitione" $ecause o% thenews in the 4ulletin (oda'. (he said news stated that the "es*ondentCOMELEC issued a "esolution %o" the e=tension o% ti&e %o" /lin# COC.

    http://joiemanuel.tk/election-law/gador-vs-commission-on-elections/http://joiemanuel.tk/election-law/gador-vs-commission-on-elections/
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    0owee", the P"esident denied said "esolution. (he"e%o"e, "es*ondentCOMELEC in%o"&ed the *etitione" that his na&e &i#ht not $e includedin the list o% candidates %o" &a'o" $ecause o% the said incident. (hus,this *etition.

    ISSUE:

    -ON the ce"ti/cate o% candidac' o% the *etitione" which was /led on)anua"' :, 198> is alid.

    0eld

    NO. A ce"ti/cate o% candidac' /led $e'ond "e#le&enta"' *e"iod is oid.

    Section :, 4atasan# Pa&$ansa 4ilan# ?!, *"oides that (he swo"n

    ce"ti/cate o% candidac' shall $e /led in t"i*licate not late" than )anua"', 198>.D It is a %act ad&itted $' the *etitione" that the P"esident hadnot e=tended the *e"iod within which to /le the ce"ti/cate o%candidac'.

    (his Cou"t is *owe"less to #"ant the "e&ed' *"a'ed %o" in the *etition.0ain# $een /led $e'ond )anua"' , 198>, the ce"ti/cate o% candidac'o% the *etitione" is oid.

    1'. "uinto vs Commission on Elections

    -ecem2er 1 ''9

    (his is a *etition %o" ce"tio"a"i and *"ohi$ition a#ainst the COMELEC %o"issuin# a "esolution decla"in# a**ointie oBcials who /led thei"ce"ti/cate o% candidac' as i*so %acto "esi#ned %"o& thei" *ositions.

    Facts:

    In *"e*a"ation %o" the !>1> elections, the Co&&ission on ElectionsCOMELEC5 issued Resolution No. 86:8 the ;uidelines on the @ilin# o%Ce"ti/cates o% Candidac' CoC5 and No&ination o% OBcial Candidateso% Re#iste"ed Political Pa"ties in Connection with the Ma' 1>, !>1>National and Local Elections. Sec. o% Resolution No. 86:8 *"oidesthat An' *e"son holdin# a *u$lic a**ointie oBce o" *osition = = =shall $e conside"ed i*so %acto "esi#ned %"o& his oBce u*on the /lin# o%

    http://joiemanuel.tk/election-law/quinto-vs-commission-on-elections/http://joiemanuel.tk/election-law/quinto-vs-commission-on-elections/
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    his ce"ti/cate o% candidac' auto&atic "esi#nation5 howee" it e=e&*tsthose elected oBcials sa'in# that An' *e"son holdin# an electieoBce o" *osition shall not $e conside"ed "esi#ned u*on the /lin# o% hisce"ti/cate o% candidac' %o" the sa&e o" an' othe" electie oBce o"*osition.D

    Sec.1*a". 5 o% Re*u$lic Act R.A.D5 No. 969 *"oides = = = an'*e"son holdin# a *u$lic a**ointie oBce o" *osition = = = shall $econside"ed i*so %acto "esi#ned %"o& hisGhe" oBce = = =.D

    Sec. 66 o% 4P 4l#. 881, o" the O&ni$us Election Code, "eads = = = An'*e"son holdin# a *u$lic a**ointie oBce o" *osition = = = shall $econside"ed i*so %acto "esi#ned %"o& his oBce u*on the /lin# o% hisce"ti/cate o% candidac'.D

    Petitione"s we"e a**ointie oBce"s o% the #oe"n&ent who we"e*lannin# to "un in the !>1> elections sou#ht the nulli/cation o% Sec.a5 on the #"ound, a&on# othe"s, that it is disc"i&inato"' and iolatesthe eual *"otection clause o% the Constitution.

    Issue:

    -ON COMELEC "esolution is constitutional.

    Hed:

    No. Sec. a5 o% the COMELEC Resolution is null and oid %o" $ein#iolatie o% the eual *"otection clause and %o" $ein# oe"$"oad. Sec.1*a". 5 o% R.A. 969 Sec. 66 o% the O&ni$us Election Code we"ealso decla"ed as 3NCONS(I(3(IONAL.

    Sec. 66 o% 4P 4l#. 881 RA 86 "elatin# to the auto&atic "esi#nationo% electie oBcials u*on the /lin# o% thei" CoCs was "e*ealed $' R.A.9>>6 @ai" Election Act5. (he"e was, thus, c"eated a situation o%o$ious disc"i&ination a#ainst a**ointie oBcials who we"e dee&edi*so %acto "esi#ned %"o& thei" oBces u*on the /lin# o% thei" CoCs, whileelectie oBcials we"e not.D

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    @ou" 5 "euisites o% alid classi/cation &ust $e co&*lied with in o"de"that a disc"i&inato"' #oe"n&ental act &a' *ass the constitutionalno"& o% eual *"otection

    15 It &ust $e $ased u*on su$stantial distinctions7

    !5 It &ust $e #e"&ane to the *u"*oses o% the law.

    5 It &ust not $e li&ited to e=istin# conditions onl'7 and

    5 It &ust a**l' euall' to all &e&$e"s o% the class.

    Acco"din# to the Su*"e&e Cou"t, the diFe"ential t"eat&ent o% *e"sonsholdin# a**ointie oBces as o**osed to those holdin# electie ones isnot #e"&ane to the *u"*oses o% the law.

    (he o$ious "eason %o" the challen#ed *"oision is to *"eent the useo% a #oe"n&ental *osition to *"o&ote one

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    Salcedo &a""ied Celi, &a""ia#e cont"act issued $' the Munici*al CiilRe#ist"a" o% Au', Iloilo. -ithout his /"st &a""ia#e hain# $eendissoled, Salcedo &a""ied *"iate "es*ondent Cacao in a ciilce"e&on'. (wo da's late", E"&elita Cacao cont"acted anothe" &a""ia#ewith a ce"tain )esus A#ui""e, &a""ia#e ce"ti/cate /led with the OBce o%

    the Ciil Re#ist"a".

    Petitione" Jicto"ino Salcedo II and *"iate "es*ondent Cacao Salcedo$oth "an %o" the *osition o% &a'o" o% the &unici*alit' o% Sa"a, Iloilo inthe Ma' 11, 1998 elections, $oth o% the& hain# /led thei" "es*ectiece"ti/cates o% candidac'. 0owee", *etitione" /led with the Co&elec a*etition seein# the cancellation o% *"iate "es*ondent

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    -hethe" o" not the use $' "es*ondent o% the su"na&e SalcedoD in he"ce"ti/cate o% candidac' constitutes &ate"ial &is"e*"esentation unde"Section :8 in "elation to Section : o% the O&ni$us Election Code.

    Hed:

    P"iate "es*ondent did not co&&it an' &ate"ial &is"e*"esentation $'the use o% the su"na&e SalcedoD in he" ce"ti/cate o% candidac'.

    A %alse "e*"esentation unde" section :8 &ust consist o% a deli$e"ateatte&*t to &islead, &isin%o"&, o" hide a %act which would othe"wise"ende" a candidate ineli#i$le.D It &ust $e &ade with an intention todeceie the electo"ate as to one

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    Nov. 17 ''5

    (his is a *etition assailin# COMELEC "esolution disuali%'in# +u&*it inthe Ma' !>> election.

    Facts:

    +u&*itMichelena was a candidate %o" the *osition o% &a'o" in the&unici*alit' o% A#oo, La 3nion du"in# the Ma' 1>, !>> S'nch"oniedNational and Local Elections. 4oado sou#ht +u&*itMichelena>. She een desi#nated aca"etae" o% he" "esidential house. +u&*itMichelena *"esented the

    aBdaits and ce"ti/cations o% he" nei#h$o"s in San )ulian -est to *"oethat she actuall' "esides in the a"ea. COMELEC "ules in %ao" o% 4oadoet al. (he COMELEC En 4anc denied in its "ulin# the &otion %o""econside"ation /led $' +u&*itMichelena.

    Issues:

    -ON +u&*itMichelena satis/ed the "esidenc' "eui"e&ent unde" theLocal ;oe"n&ent Code o% 1991.

    Hed:

    Du"#it$Micheena%ailed to *"oe that she has co&*lied with the"esidenc' "eui"e&ent. (he conce*t o% "esidence in dete"&inin# acandidate

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    G.R. No. 13&9

    6ul 31 '''

    (his s*ecial ciil action %o" ce"tio"a"i sees to annul the en $anc"esolution o% *u$lic "es*ondent Co&&ission on Elections *"o&ul#atedon )une !9, 1998, in a COMELEC s*ecial action case, SPA No. 988.

    Facts:

    Petitione" 4ana#a, )". and "es*ondent 4e"na$e, )". we"e $oth candidates%o" ice&a'o" o% the Cit' o% Pa"aQaue in the Ma' 1998 election. Insaid election, the cit' $oa"d o% canasse"s *"oclai&ed "es*ondent4e"na$e, )"., as the winne" %o" hain# #a"ne"ed :1,9:: otes oe"*etitione" 4ana#a, )". otes.

    +issatis/ed with the "esult, *etitione" /led with the COMELEC on Ma'1998, a Petition to +ecla"e @ailu"e o% Elections andGo" @o" Annul&ent o%Elections, alle#in# that said election was "e*lete with election oFenses,such as ote $u'in# and K'in# ote"s. 0e also alle#ed that nu&e"ousElection Retu"ns *e"tainin# to the *osition o% JiceMa'o" in the Cit' o%Pa"aQaue a**ea" to $e alte"ed, %alsi/ed o" %a$"icated.

    In %act, the"e we"e *eo*le a""ested who ad&itted the said electionoFenses. (he"e%o"e, the incidents we"e suBcient to decla"e a %ailu"e o%

    elections $ecause it cannot $e conside"ed as the t"ue will o% the*eo*le.

    Petitione" 4ana#a, )". is *"a'in# that he should $e adud#ed as the dul'elected JiceMa'o" in the Cit' o% Pa"aQaue, du"in# the Ma' 1998 localelections.

    Res*ondent COMELEC dis&issed *etitione"

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    u"isdiction %o" dis&issin# his *etition &otu *"o*io without an' $asiswhatsoee" and without #iin# hi& the $ene/t o% a hea"in#.

    Issues:

    -ON *etition to decla"e a %ailu"e o% elections andGo" %o" annul&ent o%election is conside"ed as an election *"otest.

    -ON "es*ondent COMELEC acted with #"ae a$use o% disc"etion indis&issin# *etitione"s *etition, in the li#ht o% *etitione"s %o"e#oin#contentions.

    Hed:

    No. M". 4ana#a, )".

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    "esults in a %ailu"e to elect on account o% %o"ce &aeu"e, iolence,te""o"is&, %"aud o" othe" analo#ous causes.

    (he instances $ein# not *"esent in the *etition o% M". 4ana#a, )". (he"es*ondent COMELEC hae no othe" "ecou"se $ut to dis&iss the

    *etition.

    1&. Mercado vs Manano

    Facts:

    Petitione" E"nesto Me"cado and P"iate "es*ondent Edua"do Manano

    a"e candidates %o" the *osition o% JiceMa'o" o% Maati Cit' in the Ma',1998 elections. P"iate "es*ondent was the winne" o% the said election$ut the *"ocla&ation was sus*ended due to the *etition o% E"nestoMa&a"il "e#a"din# the citienshi* o% *"iate "es*ondent. Ma&a"ilalle#ed that the *"iate "es*ondent is not a citien o% the Phili**ines$ut o% the 3nited States. COMELEC #"anted the *etition anddisuali/ed the *"iate "es*ondent %o" $ein# a dual citien, *u"suant tothe Local ;oe"n&ent code that *"oides that *e"sons who *ossessdual citienshi* a"e disuali/ed %"o& "unnin# an' *u$lic *osition.P"iate "es*ondent /led a &otion %o" "econside"ation which "e&ained

    *endin# until a%te" election. Petitione" sou#ht to inte"ene in the case%o" disuali/cation. COMELEC "ee"sed the decision and decla"ed*"iate "es*ondent uali/ed to "un %o" the *osition. Pu"suant to the"ulin# o% the COMELEC, the $oa"d o% canasse"s *"oclai&ed *"iate"es*ondent as ice &a'o". (his *etition sou#ht the "ee"sal o% the"esolution o% the COMELEC and to decla"e the *"iate "es*ondentdisuali/ed to hold the oBce o% the ice &a'o" o% Maati.

    Issue:

    -hethe" o" Not *"iate "es*ondent is uali/ed to hold oBce as JiceMa'o".

    Hed:

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    +ual citienshi* is diFe"ent %"o& dual alle#iance. (he %o"&e" a"iseswhen, as a "esult o% the concu""ent a**lication o% the diFe"ent laws o%two o" &o"e states, a *e"son is si&ultaneousl' conside"ed a national$' the said states. @o" instance, such a situation &a' a"ise when a*e"son whose *a"ents a"e citiens o% a state which adhe"es to the

    *"inci*le o% us san#uinis is $o"n in a state which %ollows the doct"ine o%us soli. P"iate "es*ondent is conside"ed as a dual citien $ecause heis $o"n o% @ili*ino *a"ents $ut was $o"n in San @"ancisco, 3SA. Such a*e"son, i*so %acto and without an' olunta"' act on his *a"t, isconcu""entl' conside"ed a citien o% $oth states. Conside"in# thecitienshi* clause A"t. IJ5 o% ou" Constitution, it is *ossi$le %o" the%ollowin# classes o% citiens o% the Phili**ines to *osses dualcitienshi* 15 (hose $o"n o% @ili*ino %athe"s andGo" &othe"s in %o"ei#ncount"ies which %ollow the *"inci*le o% us soli7 !5 (hose $o"n in thePhili**ines o% @ili*ino &othe"s and alien %athe"s i% $' the laws o% thei"

    %athe"s< count"' such child"en a"e citiens o% that count"'7 5 (hosewho &a""' aliens i% $' the laws o% the latte"

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    15. R!*M#N-O !-ORMEO

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    In the case at $a", (ala#a did not se"e %o" consecutie te"&s. @o"nea"l' ! 'ea"s, he was a *"iate citien. (he continuit' o% his&a'o"shi* was dis"u*ted $' his de%eat in the 1998 elections.I% one is elected "e*"esentatie to se"e the une=*i"ed te"& o%anothe", that une=*i"ed te"&, no &atte" how sho"t, will $e conside"ed

    one te"& %o" the *u"*ose o% co&*utin# the nu&$e" o% successie te"&sallowedDthis co&&ent o% Constitutional Co&&issione" @". 4e"nasa**lies onl' to &e&$e"s o% the 0ouse o% Re*"esentaties. 3nlie#oe"n&ent oBcials, the"e is no "ecall election %o" &e&$e"s o%Con#"ess.

    1. RON!L- !LL!N >OE a.?.a. =ERN!N-O >OE 6R.!G!L!RRO*O>.E.). C!SE No. ''. Marc/ 9 ''5

    Facts:

    In the !>> election, ;lo"ia Maca*a#al A""o'o ;MA5 was*"oclai&ed the dul' elected P"esident o% the Phili**ines. (hesecond*lace" in the elections, @e"nando Poe, )". @P)5, /led anelection *"otest $e%o"e the Electo"al ("i$unal. -hen theP"otestant died in the cou"se o% his &edical t"eat&ent, his widow,M"s. )esusa Sono"a Poe a..a. Susan Roces /led a &otion tointe"ene as a su$stitute %o" deceased *"otestant @P). She clai&sthat the"e is an u"#ent need %o" he" to continue and su$stitute %o"

    he" late hus$and to asce"tain the t"ue and #enuine will o% theelecto"ate in the inte"est o% the @ili*ino *eo*le. (he P"otestee,;MA asse"ts that the widow o% a deceased candidate is not the*"o*e" *a"t' to "e*lace the deceased *"otestant since a *u$licoBce is *e"sonal and not a *"o*e"t' that *asses on to the hei"s.P"otestee also contends that unde" the Rules o% the P"esidentialElecto"al ("i$unal, onl' the "e#iste"ed candidates who o$tained

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    the !nd and "d hi#hest otes %o" the *"esidenc' &a' contest theelection o% the *"esident.

    Issue:

    Ma' the widow su$stituteGinte"ene %o" the *"otestant who dieddu"in# the *endenc' o% the latte"5 da's a%te" the *"ocla&ation o% the winne".An election *"otest is not *u"el' *e"sonal and e=clusie to the*"otestant o" to the *"otestee, hence, su$stitution andinte"ention is allowed $ut onl' $' a "eal *a"t' in inte"est. Notethat M"s. @P) he"sel% denies an' clai& to the oBce o% P"esident$ut "athe" st"esses that it is with the *a"a&ount *u$lic inte"estDin &ind that she desi"es to *u"sue the *"ocessD co&&enced $'he" late hus$and. 0owee", no$ilit' o% intention is not the *oint o%"e%e"ence in dete"&inin# whethe" a *e"son &a' inte"ene in anelection *"otest. In such inte"ention, the inte"est which allows a*e"son to inte"ene in a suit &ust $e in the &atte" o% liti#ationand o% such di"ect and i&&ediate cha"acte" that the inte"eno"will eithe" #ain o" lose $' the eFect o% the ud#&ent. In this*"otest, M"s. @P) will not i&&ediatel' and di"ectl' $ene/t %"o&the outco&e should it $e dete"&ined that the decla"ed *"esidentdid not t"ul' #et the hi#hest nu&$e" o% otes.

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    17. !-$ONG v. COMELECG.R. No. 1'395Marc/ 31 199

    FACTS:

    On )anua"' 1, 199!, the COMELEC *"o&ul#ated Resolution No. !:*u"suant to its *owe"s #"anted $' the Constitution, the O&ni$usElection Code, Re*u$lic Acts Nos. 666 and :166 and othe" electionlaws. Section 1?a5 o% the "esolution *"oides

    Sec. 1?. La%&u Eection 'ro#a!anda. (he %ollowin# a"e law%ulelection *"o*a#anda

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    a5 Pa&*hlets, leaKets, ca"ds, decalsT P"oided, (hat decals andstice"s &a' $e *osted onl' in an' o% the autho"ied *ostin# a"eas*"oided in *a"a#"a*h &5 o% Section !1 he"eo%.

    Section !1 &5 o% the sa&e "esolution *"oides

    Sec. !1&5. P"ohi$ited %o"&s o% election *"o*a#anda.

    It is unlaw%ulT

    &5 (o d"aw, *aint, insc"i$e, *ost, dis*la' o" *u$licl' e=hi$it an' election*"o*a#anda in an' *lace, whethe" *u$lic o" *"iate, &o$ile o"stationa"', e=ce*t in the COMELEC co&&on *osted a"eas andGo"$ill$oa"dsT

    Petitione" 4lo 3&*a" Adion#, a senato"ial candidate in the Ma' 11,199! elections assails the COMELECUs Resolution inso%a" as it *"ohi$itsthe *ostin# o% decals and stice"s in V&o$ileV *laces lie ca"s and othe"&oin# ehicles. Acco"din# to hi& such *"ohi$ition is iolatie o%Section 8! o% the O&ni$us Election Code and Section 11a5 o% Re*u$licAct No. 666.

    ISSUE:

    -hethe" o" not the COMELEC &a' *"ohi$it the *ostin# o% decals and

    stice"s on V&o$ileV *laces, *u$lic o" *"iate, and li&it thei" location o"*u$lication to the autho"ied *ostin# a"eas that it /=es.

    HELD:

    (he *etition is he"e$' ;RAN(E+. (he *o"tion o% Section 1? a5 o%Resolution No. !: o% the COMELEC *"oidin# that Vdecals andstice"s &a' $e *osted onl' in an' o% the autho"ied *ostin# a"eas

    *"oided in *a"a#"a*h &5 o% Section !1 he"eo%V is +ECLARE+ N3LL andJOI+. (he COMELECUs *"ohi$ition on *ostin# o% decals and stice"s onV&o$ileV *laces whethe" *u$lic o" *"iate e=ce*t in desi#nated a"eas*"oided %o" $' the COMELEC itsel% is null and oid on constitutional#"ounds. (he *"ohi$ition undul' in%"in#es on the citienUs %unda&ental"i#ht o% %"ee s*eech ensh"ined in the Constitution Sec. , A"ticle III5.Si#ni/cantl', the %"eedo& o% e=*"ession cu"tailed $' the uestioned*"ohi$ition is not so &uch that o% the candidate o" the *olitical *a"t'.

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    (he "e#ulation st"ies at the %"eedo& o% an indiidual to e=*"ess his*"e%e"ence and, $' dis*la'in# it on his ca", to conince othe"s to a#"eewith hi&.

    Also, the uestioned *"ohi$ition *"e&ised on the statute RA 6665 and

    as couched in the "esolution is oid %o" oe"$"eadth. (he "est"iction asto whe"e the decals and stice"s should $e *osted is so $"oad that itenco&*asses een the citienUs *"iate *"o*e"t', which in this case is a*"iatel'owned ehicle (he *"oisions allowin# "e#ulation a"e soloosel' wo"ded that the' include the *ostin# o% decals o" stice"s in the*"iac' o% oneUs liin# "oo& o" $ed"oo&.5 In conseuence o% this*"ohi$ition, anothe" ca"dinal "ule *"esc"i$ed $' the Constitution would$e iolated. Section 1, A"ticle III o% the 4ill o% Ri#hts *"oides that no*e"son shall $e de*"ied o% his *"o*e"t' without due *"ocess o% law.(he "i#ht to *"o*e"t' &a' $e su$ect to a #"eate" de#"ee o% "e#ulation

    $ut when this "i#ht is oined $' a Vli$e"t'V inte"est, the $u"den o%usti/cation on the *a"t o% the ;oe"n&ent &ust $e e=ce*tionall'conincin# and i""e%uta$le. (he $u"den is not &et in this case.5

    Additionall', the constitutional o$ectie to #ie a "ich candidate and a*oo" candidate eual o**o"tunit' to in%o"& the electo"ate as "e#a"dsthei" candidacies, &andated $' A"ticle II, Section !6 and A"ticle WIII,section 1 in "elation to A"ticle IW c5 Section o% the Constitution, is noti&*ai"ed $' *ostin# decals and stice"s on ca"s and othe" *"iateehicles. It is to $e "eite"ated that the *ostin# o% decals and stice"s on

    ca"s, caesas, t"ic'cles, *edica$s and othe" &oin# ehicles needs theconsent o% the owne" o% the ehicle. 0ence, the *"e%e"ence o% thecitien $eco&es c"ucial in this ind o% election *"o*a#anda not the/nancial "esou"ces o% the candidate.

    In su&, the *"ohi$ition on *ostin# o% decals and stice"s on V&o$ileV*laces whethe" *u$lic o" *"iate e=ce*t in the autho"ied a"easdesi#nated $' the COMELEC $eco&es censo"shi* which cannot $e

    usti/ed $' the Constitution.

    18. )EO-#LO M. CO"#$LL! >E)$)$ONER

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    FACTS:

    Petitione" Couilla was $o"n on @e$"ua"' 1:, 198 o% @ili*ino *a"ents inO"as, Easte"n Sa&a". In 196?, he oined the 3S Na' and wasnatu"alied as a 3S Citien.

    On Octo$e" 1?, 1998, *etitione" ca&e $ac to the Phili**ines and tooa "esidence ce"ti/cate. Su$seuentl', *etitione" a**lied %o" "e*at"iationunde" R.A. No. 81:1 to the s*ecial co&&ittee on natu"aliation. 0isa**lication was a**"oed on Noe&$e" :, !>>>, and on Noe&$e" 1>,!>>>, he too oath as citien o% the Phili**ines.On Noe&$e" !1, !>>>, *etitione" a**lied %o" "e#ist"ation as a ote" o%O"as, Easte"n Sa&a", in addition, on @e$"ua"' !:, !>>1, he /led hisce"ti/cate o% candidac' statin# the"ein that he had $een a "esidentthe"eo% %o" ! 'ea"s. On Ma"ch ?, !>>1, M". Ala"e /led %o" thecancellation o% *etitione"

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    citien a%te" enlistin# in the 3S Na' in 196?. @"o& then on and untilNoe&$e" 1>, !>>>, when he "eacui"ed Phili**ine citienshi*,*etitione" was an alien without an' "i#ht to "eside in the Phili**ines.Indeed, "esidence in the 3nited States is a "eui"e&ent %o"natu"aliation as a 3S citien. -he"e%o"e, the *etition is without &e"it

    and +ISMISSE+.

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    19. >/iliine +ar !ssociation vs. COMELEC1&' SCR! &556anuar 7 198

    FACTS:

    Eleen *etitions we"e /led %o" *"ohi$ition a#ainst the en%o"ce&ent o%4P 88 which calls %o" s*ecial national elections on @e$"ua"' :, 1986sna* elections5 %o" the oBces o% P"esident and Jice P"esident o% thePhili**ines. 4P 88 in conKict with the constitution in that it allows theP"esident to continue holdin# oBce a%te" the callin# o% the s*ecialelection.

    Senato" Pelae su$&its that P"esident Ma"cos< lette" o% conditional"esi#nationD did not c"eate the actual acanc' "eui"ed in Section 9,A"ticle : o% the Constitution which could $e the $asis o% the holdin# o% as*ecial election %o" P"esident and Jice P"esident ea"lie" than the"e#ula" elections %o" such *ositions in 198:. (he lette" states that theP"esident is i""eoca$l' acatin#5 the *osition o% P"esident eFectieonl' when the election is held and a%te" the winne" is *"oclai&ed anduali/ed as P"esident $' tain# his oath oBce ten 1>5 da's a%te" his*"ocla&ation.D

    (he uni/ed o**osition, "athe" than insist on st"ict co&*liance with thecited constitutional *"oision that the incu&$ent P"esident actuall'"esi#n, acate his oBce and tu"n it oe" to the S*eae" o% the 4atasan#Pa&$ansa as actin# P"esident, thei" standa"d $ea"e"s hae not /ledan' suit o" *etition in inte"ention %o" the *u"*ose no" "e*udiated thescheduled election. (he' hae not insisted that P"esident Ma"cosacate his oBce, so lon# as the election is clean, %ai" and honest.

    ISSUE:

    Is 4P 88 unconstitutional, and should the Su*"e&e Cou"t the"e%o"e

    sto* and *"ohi$it the holdin# o% the elections

    HELDA

    (he *etitions in these cases a"e dis&issed and the *"a'e" %o" theissuance o% an inunction "est"ainin# "es*ondents %"o& holdin# theelection on @e$"ua"' :, 1986, in as &uch as the"e a"e less than the

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    "eui"ed 1> otes to decla"e 4P 88 unconstitutional.

    (he eents that hae t"ans*i"ed since +ece&$e" ,as the Cou"t did notissue an' "est"ainin# o"de", hae tu"ned the issue into a *oliticaluestion %"o& the *u"el' usticia$le issue o% the uestioned

    constitutionalit' o% the act due to the lac o% the actual acanc' o% theP"esident

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    '. Salva v. Ma?alintalGR No. 13'318 Setem2er '''

    FACTS:

    Sala, et al, oBcials and "esidents o% 4a"an#a' San Ra%ael, Calaca,4atan#as /led a class suit a#ainst the San##unian# Panlalawi#an o%4atan#as, San##unian# Pa&$a'an o% Calaca, and the COMELEC %o"annul&ent o% O"dinanceNo. ? and Resolution No. ?, enacted $' theSan##unian# Panlalawi#an o% 4atan#as, and COMELEC Resolution No.!98: O"dinance No. ? decla"ed the a$olition o% 4a"an#a' San Ra%aeland its &e"#e" with 4a"an#a' +acanlao, and acco"din#l' inst"ucted theCOMELEC to conduct the "eui"ed *le$iscite. Resolution No. ?aB"&ed the eFectiit' o% O"dinance No. ?, oe""idin# the etoe=e"cised $' the ;oe"no" o% 4atan#as. COMELEC Resolution No. !98:,on the othe" hand, *"oided %o" the "ules and "e#ulations #oe"nin# theconduct o% the "eui"ed *le$iscite scheduled on !8 @e$"ua"' 1998, todecide the issue o% the a$olition o% 4a"an#a' San Ra%ael and its &e"#e"with 4a"an#a' +acanlao. (he t"ial cou"t denied the &otion %o" theissuance o% a (RO andGo" *"eli&ina"' inunction %o" lac o% u"isdiction.Acco"din# to it, an' *etition o" action uestionin# an act, "esolution, o"decision o% the COMELEC &ust $e $"ou#ht $e%o"e the SC.

    ISSUES:

    -GN the t"ial cou"t had u"isdiction to enoin the COMELEC %"o&I3&*le&entin# Resolution No. !98:.

    HELD:

    YES. Resolution No. 2987 which provides for the rules and regulations governing the conduct of the

    required plebiscite, was not issued pursuant to theCOMELEC

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    (he *owe"s ested $' the Constitution and the law on the COMELEC&a' eithe" $e classi/ed as those *e"tainin# to its adudicato"' o" uasi

    udicial %unctions, o" those which a"e inhe"entl' ad&inist"atie andso&eti&es &iniste"ial in cha"acte"