San Diego, CA MSA 1997 - Census.govSan Diego, CA MSA 1997EconomicCensus Transportation 1997 Commodity Flow Survey 1997 EC97TCF-MA-CA(3) Issued February 2000 U.S.Departmentof Transportation

San Diego, CA MSA

1997 Economic Census

Transportation

1997 Commodity Flow Survey

1997Issued February 2000

EC97TCF-MA-CA(3)

U.S. Department of TransportationBUREAU OF TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS

U.S. Department of CommerceEconomics and Statistics Administration

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

This report was prepared in the ServiceSector Statistics Division under the direc-tion of Thomas E. Zabelsky, AssistantChief for Current Service and Transporta-tion Programs. Planning, implementation,and compiling of this report were underthe supervision of John L. Fowler, Chief,Commodity Flow Survey Branch, assistedby Wanda Dougherty, Debra Corbett,Bruce Dembroski, Shirley Gray,Michael Jones, Stephanie Kelley,Mabel Ocasio, Bonnie Opalko, JoycePrice, Barbara Selinske, Eli Serrano,and Michael Sprung. Sample design andstatistical methodology were developedunder the general direction of HowardHogan and Carl A. Konschnik, formerAssistant Chiefs, and Ruth E. Detlefsen,current Assistant Chief, Research andMethodology. Sample design and estima-tion were under the supervision of PatrickCantwell, former Chief, and Jock Black,current Chief, Program Research andDevelopment Branch, assisted byWilliam C. Davie Jr., David L. Kinyon,Jacklyn R. Jonas, and M. Cristina Cruz.Frame construction, sample control, impu-tation, and quality control procedureswere developed under the supervision ofCarol King, Chief, Statistical MethodsBranch, assisted by James Hunt.

The processing system and computer pro-grams were developed and implementedby the OAO programming group, led byJacques Wilmore and assistedby Harold N. Bobbitt and Robert J.Jeffrey. Steve G. McCraith, Chief, Quin-quennial Surveys Branch, Economic Statis-tical Methods and Programming Divisionand Joseph F. Keehan provided generalsupport.

Coordination of data collection efforts wasunder the direction of Judith N. Petty,Chief, National Processing Center, assistedby Matthew Aulbach, Linda Broadus,Grant Goodwin, Carlene Bottorff,Teresa Branstetter, and Jack Miller.

The staff of the Administrative and Cus-tomer Services Division, Walter C. Odom,Chief, performed planning, design, compo-sition, editorial review, and printing plan-ning and procurement for the publications,Internet products, and report forms.Margaret A. Smith provided publicationcoordination and editing.

We also acknowledge the contributions ofthe following Department of Transporta-tion (DOT) representatives in the overallplanning and design of the survey: RolfSchmitt, Associate Director for Transpor-tation Studies, Bureau of TransportationStatistics, assisted by Susan Lapham,Russ Capelle, Ronald J. Duych, andFelix Ammah-Tagoe.

The Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s Cen-ter for Transportation Analysis, under theformer and current direction of MikeBronzini and David Greene, respec-tively, provided all mileage data for thisreport, using its transportation networkmodeling system, under the supervision ofFrank Southworth and assisted byShih-Miao Chin, Bruce Peterson, JaneRollow, and Angela Gibson.

Special acknowledgment is also due to themany businesses whose cooperation wasessential to the publication of these data.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

San Diego, CA MSA

1997 Economic Census

Transportation


1997EC97TCF-MA-CA(3)

Issued February 2000

U.S. Department ofTransportation

Rodney E. Slater,Secretary

Mortimer L. Downey,Deputy Secretary

BUREAU OF TRANSPORTATIONSTATISTICS

Dr. Ashish Sen,Director

Rick Kowalewski,Deputy Director

Rolf R. Schmitt,Associate Director for

Transportation Studies

U.S. Department of CommerceWilliam M. Daley,

SecretaryRobert L. Mallett,

Deputy Secretary

Economicsand Statistics

AdministrationRobert J. Shapiro,Under Secretary for

Economic Affairs

U.S. CENSUS BUREAUKenneth Prewitt,

Director

Paula J. Schneider,Principal Associate Directorfor Programs

Frederick T. Knickerbocker,Associate Directorfor Economic Programs

Thomas L. Mesenbourg,Assistant Directorfor Economic Programs

Carole A. Ambler,Chief, Service SectorStatistics Division

BUREAU OF TRANSPORTATIONSTATISTICS

Dr. Ashish Sen,DirectorRick Kowalewski,Deputy DirectorRolf R. Schmitt,Associate Director forTransportation Studies

ECONOMICS

AND STATISTICS

ADMINISTRATION

Economicsand StatisticsAdministration

Robert J. Shapiro,Under Secretaryfor Economic Affairs

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

Kenneth Prewitt,Director

William G. Barron,Deputy Director

CONTENTS

Introduction to the Economic Census 1.............................

1997 Commodity Flow Survey 3...................................

TABLES

1. Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation forMetropolitan Area of Origin: 1997 9.........................

2. Inbound Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportationfor Metropolitan Area of Destination: 1997 9..................

3. Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation andDistance Shipped for Metropolitan Area of Origin: 1997 10......

4. Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation andShipment Size for Metropolitan Area of Origin: 1997 12.........

5. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity Group for MetropolitanArea of Origin: 1997 14.....................................

6. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity Group and Mode ofTransportation for Metropolitan Area of Origin: 1997 15.........

7. Outbound Shipment Characteristics by Destination forMetropolitan Area: 1997 18.................................

8. Inbound Shipment Characteristics by Origin for MetropolitanArea: 1997 20.............................................

APPENDIXES

A. Comparability With the 1993 Commodity Flow Survey A–1.........

B. Reliability of the Estimates B–1.................................

C. Sample Design, Data Collection, and Estimation C–1..............

D. Standard Classification of Transported Goods CodeInformation D–1.............................................

E. Sample Report Forms and Instructions E–1......................

TRANSPORTATIONmCFS SAN DIEGO, CA MSA iiiU.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Mar. 1, 2000

Introduction to the Economic Census

PURPOSES AND USES OF THE ECONOMIC CENSUS

The economic census is the major source of facts aboutthe structure and functioning of the Nation’s economy. Itprovides essential information for government, business,industry, and the general public. Title 13 of the UnitedStates Code (Sections 131, 191, and 224) directs the Cen-sus Bureau to take the economic census every 5 years,covering years ending in 2 and 7.

The economic census furnishes an important part of theframework for such composite measures as the grossdomestic product estimates, input/output measures, pro-duction and price indexes, and other statistical series thatmeasure short-term changes in economic conditions. Spe-cific uses of economic census data include the following:

• Policymaking agencies of the Federal Government usethe data to monitor economic activity and assess theeffectiveness of policies.

• State and local governments use the data to assessbusiness activities and tax bases within their jurisdic-tions and to develop programs to attract business.

• Trade associations study trends in their own and com-peting industries, which allows them to keep their mem-bers informed of market changes.

• Individual businesses use the data to locate potentialmarkets and to analyze their own production and salesperformance relative to industry or area averages.

BASIS OF REPORTING

The economic census is conducted on an establishmentbasis. A company operating at more than one location isrequired to file a separate report for each store, factory,shop, or other location. Each establishment is assigned aseparate industry classification based on its primary activ-ity and not that of its parent company.

AVAILABILITY OF ADDITIONAL DATA

Reports in Print and Electronic Media

All results of the 1997 Economic Census are availableon the Census Bureau Internet site (www.census.gov) andon compact discs (CD-ROM) for sale by the Census Bureau.Unlike previous censuses, only selected highlights are

published in printed reports. For more information, includ-ing a description of electronic and printed reports beingissued, see the Internet site, or write to U.S. CensusBureau, Washington, DC 20233-8300, or call CustomerServices at 301-457-4100.

HISTORICAL INFORMATION

The economic census has been taken as an integratedprogram at 5-year intervals since 1967 and before that for1954, 1958, and 1963. Prior to that time, individual com-ponents of the economic census were taken separately atvarying intervals.The economic census traces its beginnings to the 1810

Decennial Census, when questions on manufacturing wereincluded with those for population. Coverage of economicactivities was expanded for the 1840 Decennial Censusand subsequent censuses to include mining and somecommercial activities. The 1905 Manufactures Census wasthe first time a census was taken apart from the regulardecennial population census. Censuses covering retail andwholesale trade and construction industries were added in1930, as were some covering service trades in 1933. Cen-suses of construction, manufacturing, and the other busi-ness service censuses were suspended during World WarII.The 1954 Economic Census was the first census to be

fully integrated: providing comparable census data acrosseconomic sectors, using consistent time periods, con-cepts, definitions, classifications, and reporting units. Itwas the first census to be taken by mail, using lists offirms provided by the administrative records of other Fed-eral agencies. Since 1963, administrative records alsohave been used to provide basic statistics for very smallfirms, reducing or eliminating the need to send them cen-sus questionnaires.The range of industries covered in the economic cen-

suses expanded between 1967 and 1992. The census ofconstruction industries began on a regular basis in 1967,and the scope of service industries, introduced in 1933,was broadened in 1967, 1977, and 1987. While a fewtransportation industries were covered as early as 1963, itwas not until 1992 that the census broadened to includeall of transportation, communications, and utilities. Alsonew for 1992 was coverage of financial, insurance, andreal estate industries. With these additions, the economiccensus and the separate census of governments and cen-sus of agriculture collectively covered roughly 98 percentof all economic activity.

INTRODUCTION 1TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census

Printed statistical reports from the 1992 and earliercensuses provide historical figures for the study of long-term time series and are available in some large libraries.All of the census reports printed since 1967 are still avail-able for sale on microfiche from the Census Bureau.CD-ROMs issued from the 1987 and 1992 Economic Cen-suses contain databases including nearly all data pub-lished in print, plus additional statistics, such as ZIP Codestatistics, published only on CD-ROM.

SOURCES FOR MORE INFORMATION

More information about the scope, coverage, classifica-tion system, data items, and publications for each of theeconomic censuses and related surveys is published in theGuide to the 1997 Economic Census and Related Statisticsat www.census.gov/econguide. More information on themethodology, procedures, and history of the censuses willbe published in the History of the 1997 Economic Censusat www.census.gov/econ/www/history.html.

2 INTRODUCTION TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY



GENERAL

The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertakenthrough a partnership between the Bureau of the Census,U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Trans-portation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation.This survey produces data on the movement of goods inthe United States. It provides information on commoditiesshipped, their value, weight, and mode of transportation,as well as the origin and destination of shipments ofmanufacturing, mining, wholesale, and selected retailestablishments. The CFS was last conducted in 1993. Seethe Comparability With the 1993 Commodity Flow Surveytable (Appendix A) for a comparison between the 1997and 1993 surveys. The data from the CFS are used by pub-lic policy analysts and for transportation planning anddecision-making to assess the demand for transportationfacilities and services, energy use, and safety risk andenvironmental concerns.

This report presents data on Metropolitan Area (MA)and Remainder of State (ROS) shipment characteristics.Additional reports include data for the United States, Cen-sus Regions, Divisions, states, hazardous material ship-ments, as well as selected data on exports.

METROPOLITAN AREA AND REMAINDER OF STATE

Data are provided for 86 selected Metropolitan Areas(MA) and Remainder of States (ROS). The Census Bureauand Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) selectedthese MAs based on population counts from the 1996 Cur-rent Population Survey (CPS). For the purposes of the Com-modity Flow Survey (CFS), these MAs are confined withinstate boundaries.

Please note:

This report presents data for selected major met-ropolitan areas (MAs) confined within state bound-aries. Data are also presented for Remainder ofState (ROS) . ROS is defined as the portion of a statenot included in any of the selected major MAs. Alist of counties comprising each MA and ROS isprovided on the CFS Internet site at:www.census.gov/econ/www/cfsmain.html.

METROPOLITAN AREA DEFINITIONS

The general concept of a MA is that of a core area con-taining a large population nucleus, together with adjacentcommunities that have a high degree of economic and

social integration with that core. The Federal Office ofManagement and Budget (OMB), designates and definesMAs following a set of official standards. (The MA stan-dards for the 1990s were published in the Federal Registeron March 30, 1990 B Vol. 55, No. 62, pp. 12154-12160.)The MA classification is provided for use by Federal agen-cies in the production, analysis, and publication of data.

Included among MAs are metropolitan statistical areas(MSAs), consolidated metropolitan statistical areas(CMSAs), and primary metropolitan statistical areas(PMSAs). In additional, New England county metropolitanareas (NECMAs) are an alternative set of areas defined forthe six New England states.

METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREAS

An MSA consists of one or more counties that contain acity of 50,000 or more inhabitants, or contain a CensusBureau defined urbanized area (UA) and have a total popu-lation of at least 100,000 (75,000 in New England). Coun-ties containing the principal concentration of population -the largest city and surrounding densely settled area arecomponents of the MSA. Additional counties qualify to beincluded by meeting a specified level of commuting to thecounties containing the population concentration and bymeeting certain other requirements of metropolitan char-acter, such as a specified minimum population density orpercentage of the population that is urban. MSAs in NewEngland are defined in terms of cities and towns, follow-ing rules concerning commuting and population density.

CONSOLIDATED METROPOLITAN STATISTICALAREAS

An area that meets the requirements to qualify as anMSA and also has a population of 1 million or morebecomes a CMSA if component parts of the area are recog-nized as PMSAs.

PRIMARY METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREAS

Subareas may be defined within an area that meets therequirements to qualify as an MSA and also has a popula-tion of 1 million or more. The definition of these subareascalled PMSAs requires meeting specified statistical criteriaand have the support of local opinion. A PMSA consists of

1997 COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY 3TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY


a large urbanized county or a cluster of counties (citiesand towns in New England) that demonstrate strong inter-nal economic and social links in addition to close ties withthe central core of the larger area. Upon the recognition ofPMSAs, the entire area of which they are parts becomes aCMSA. All territory within a CMSA is also within somePMSA.

NEW ENGLAND COUNTY METROPOLITAN AREAS

NECMAs are county based alternatives to the city- andtown-based MSAs and CMSAs in the six New Englandstates. The county composition of a NECMA reflects thegeographic extent of the corresponding MSAs or CMSAs.NECMAs are not defined for individual PMSAs.

MODES

Single modes for these reports are aggregatedas follows:

Truck (includes shipments which went by private truck,for-hire truck only, or a combination of private truck andfor-hire truck).

Rail.

All other single modes (includes water, air, and pipe-line).

STANDARD CLASSIFICATION OF TRANSPORTEDGOODS (SCTG) CODES

The SCTG codes for the Metropolitan Area and Remain-der of State Reports are aggregated into nine commoditygroupings. The following describes the two-digit SCTGsincluded in each commodity grouping:

SCTGgroup SCTG title and two-digit codes

01-05 Agricultural products and fish01 Live animals and live fish02 Cereal grains03 Agricultural products, except live animals, cereal

grains and forage products04 Animal feed and feed ingredients, cereal, straw,

and eggs and other products of animal origin, n.e.c.05 Meat, fish, seafood, and preparations

06-09 Grains, alcohol, and tobacco products06 Milled grain products and preparations and

bakery products07 Prepared foodstuffs, n.e.c. and fats and oils08 Alcoholic beverages09 Tobacco products

10-14 Stone, nonmetallic minerals, and metallic ores10 Monumental or building stone11 Natural sands12 Gravel and crushed stone13 Nonmetallic minerals, n.e.c.14 Metallic ores

15-20 Coal and petroleum products15 Coal17 Gasoline and aviation turbine fuel18 Fuel oils19 Products of petroleum refining, n.e.c. and

coal products20 Basic chemical

21-24 Pharmaceutical and chemical products21 Pharmaceutical products

SCTGgroup SCTG title and two-digit codes

22 Fertilizer and fertilizer materials23 Chemical products and preparations, n.e.c.24 Plastics and rubber

25-30 Wood products and textiles and leather25 Logs and other wood in the rough26 Wood products27 Pulp, newsprint, paper, and paperboard28 Paper or paperboard articles29 Printed products30 Textiles, leather, and articles

31-34 Base metal and machinery31 Nonmetallic mineral products32 Base metal in primary or semifinished forms

and in finished basic shapes33 Articles of base metal34 Machinery

35-38 Electronics, motorized vehicles, and precisioninstruments

35 Electronic and other electrical equipmentand components, and office equipment

36 Vehicles37 Transportation equipment, n.e.c.38 Precision instruments and apparatus

39-43 Furniture and miscellaneous manufacturedproducts

39 Furniture, mattresses and mattress supports,lamps, lighting fittings, and illuminated signs

40 Miscellaneous manufactured products41 Waste and scrap43 Mixed freight

4 1997 COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY


INDUSTRY COVERAGE

The 1997 CFS covers business establishments in min-ing, manufacturing, wholesale trade, and selected retailindustries. The survey also covers selected auxiliary estab-lishments (e.g., warehouses) of in-scope multiunit andretail companies. The survey coverage excludes establish-ments classified as farms, forestry, fisheries, govern-ments, construction, transportation, foreign establish-ments, services, and most establishments in retail.

The industries covered, as defined in the 1987 StandardIndustrial Classification Manual (SIC), are listed in thefollowing table:

SIC code Title

10, ex. 108 Metal mining (excluding metal mining services)12, ex. 124 Coal mining (excluding coal mining services)

13 Oil and gas extraction1

14, ex. 148 Mining and quarrying of nonmetallic minerals,except fuels (excluding nonmetallic mineralsservices)

20 Food and kindred products21 Tobacco products22 Textile mill products23 Apparel and other finished products made from

fabrics and similar materials24 Lumber and wood products, except furniture25 Furniture and fixtures26 Paper and allied products27, ex. 279 Printing, publishing, and allied industries

(excluding service industries for theprinting trade)

28 Chemicals and allied products29 Petroleum refining and related industries

30 Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products31 Leather and leather products32 Stone, clay, glass, and concrete products33 Primary metal industries34 Fabricated metal products, except machinery

and transportation equipment35 Industrial and commercial machinery and

computer equipment36 Electronic and other electrical equipment and

components, except computer equipment37 Transportation equipment38 Measuring, analyzing, and controlling

instruments; photographic, medical andoptical goods; watches and clocks

39 Miscellaneous manufacturing industries

50 Wholesale trade—durable goods51 Wholesale trade—nondurable goods

596 Catalog and mail-order houses

1We included establishments classified in SIC 13, Oil and GasExtraction, in the initial coverage of the 1997 CFS. However, becauseof unresolved industry-wide reporting issues, we have removed ship-ments from these establishments from our 1997 CFS tabulations. Thedata collected from these establishments will be used as input to a spe-cial report at a later date.

Similarly, because establishments in SIC 13 are responsible for theoverwhelming number of shipments classified in SCTG 16, CrudePetroleum, we have removed all shipments with SCTG 16 from the1997 CFS publication results.

SHIPMENT COVERAGE

The CFS captures data on shipments originating fromselected types of business establishments located in the50 states and the District of Columbia. The data do notcover shipments originating from business establishmentslocated in Puerto Rico and other U.S. possessions and ter-ritories. Shipments traversing the U.S. from a foreign loca-tion to another foreign location (e.g., from Canada toMexico) are not included, nor are shipments from a for-eign location to a U.S. location. Imported products areincluded in the CFS at the point that they left the import-er’s domestic location for shipment to another location.Shipments that are shipped through a foreign territorywith both the origin and destination in the U.S. areincluded in the CFS data. The mileages calculated for theseshipments exclude the international segments (e.g., ship-ments from New York to Michigan through Canada do notinclude any mileages for Canada). Export shipments areincluded, with the domestic destination defined as theport of exit from the U.S.

The ‘‘Industry Coverage’’ section of the text lists the SICgroups covered by the CFS. Other industry areas that arenot covered, but may have significant shipping activity,include agriculture, government, and retail (other thanwarehouses and SIC 5961, Catalog and Mail-OrderHouses). For agriculture specifically, this means that theCFS did not cover shipments of agricultural products fromthe farm site to the processing centers or terminal eleva-tors (most likely short-distance local movements), butdoes cover the shipments of these products from the ini-tial processing centers or terminal elevators onward.

MILEAGE CALCULATIONS

To compute shipment mileages for the 1997 CFS, TheCenter for Transportation Analysis (CTA) at Oak RidgeNational Laboratory (ORNL) developed an integrated, inter-modal transportation network modeling system. A securedata site was setup at ORNL to process census-suppliedfiles containing data elements for individual CFS shipmentrecords. Each record contained the ZIP Code of shipmentorigin and destination, and the mode or mode sequencereported. Each record also contained information on thetype of commodity moved, its weight, dollar value andwhether containerized or a hazardous material. Exportshipments were also identified on the records, along withdata on U.S. port of exit and foreign destination city andcountry. Encrypted data files were transmitted andreturned from ORNL after processing, with turnaround ofmost files on a week-by-week basis. In this manner manyshipment-specific data problems encountered by ORNL intheir routing procedures were reported back to census in atimely fashion, allowing census to call back some shippersand thereby confirm, correct, or recover missing or other-wise unusable data. The ORNL system computed mile-ages, by mode, for all single modes and for any reported



multimodal sequence. This was done for any origin-destination pair of domestic ZIP Code locations, and forany internal ZIP Code of origin, via U.S. export port, to for-eign (export) destination. Mileages between origin-destination ZIP Code centroids were computed by findingthe minimum impedance path over mathematical repre-sentations of the highway, rail, waterway, air, and pipelinenetworks and then summing the lengths of individuallinks on these paths. Impedance is computed as aweighted combination of distance, time, and cost factors.

The ORNL multimodal network database is composedof individual modal-specific networks representing each ofthe major transportation modes—highway, rail, waterway,air, and pipeline. The links of these specific modal net-works are the representation of line-haul transportationfacilities. The nodes represent intersections and inter-changes, and the access points to the transportation net-work. To simulate local access, test links are created fromeach five-digit ZIP Code centroid to nearby nodes on thenetwork. For the truck network, local access is assumed toexist everywhere. For the other modes this is not true.Before any test links are created for these modes, a searchprocedure is used to determine if and where such net-works are most likely to provide access to the ZIP Code.For shipments involving more than one mode, such astruck-rail or rail-water shipments, intermodal transfer linksare added to the network database for the purpose of con-necting the individual modal networks together for rout-ing purposes. An intermodal terminals database and anumber of terminal transfer models were developed atORNL to identify likely transfer points for different classesof freight. A measure of link impedance was calculated foreach access, line-haul, and intermodal transfer link tra-versed by a shipment. These impedances were mode spe-cific and are based on various link characteristics. Forexample, the set of link characteristics for the highwaynetwork included speed impacting factors, such as thepresence of divided or undivided roadway, the degree ofaccess control, rural or urban setting, type of pavement,number of lanes, degree of urban congestion, and lengthof the link. Link impedance measures are also assigned tothe local access links. Intermodal transfer link impedancesare estimated in terms of the time it takes to move goodsthrough such a transfer. In the case of rail and air freight,intercarrier transfer penalties are also considered in orderto obtain proper route selections. A minimum path algo-rithm is used to find the minimum impedance pathbetween a shipment’s origin ZIP Code centroid and desti-nation ZIP Code centroid. The cumulative length of thelocal access plus line-haul links on this path provides theestimated shipment distance. When rail was involvedthese shipment distances may be averaged over morethan one path between an origin-destination pair.

Mileage Data for Pipeline Shipments

In the tables, we do not show ton-miles or averagemiles per shipment for pipeline shipments. For most ofthese shipments, the respondents reported the shipment

destination as a pipeline facility on the main pipeline net-work. Therefore, for the majority of these shipments, theresulting mileage represented only the access distancethrough feeder pipelines to the main pipeline network,and not the actual distance through the main pipeline net-work. Pipeline shipments are included in the U.S. totals forton-miles and average miles per shipment.

DISCLOSURE RULES

In accordance with Federal law governing CensusBureau reports, no data are published that would disclosethe operations of an individual firm or establishment.

EXPLANATION OF TERMS

Average miles per shipment. For the 1993 CFS, weexcluded shipments of STCC 27, Printed Matter, from ourcalculation of average miles per shipment. We made thisdecision after determining that respondents in the 1993CFS shipping newspapers, magazines, catalogs, etc., hadused widely varying definitions of the term ‘‘shipment.’’

For the 1997 CFS, we made numerous efforts through-out our data collection and editing to produce consistentresults from establishments shipping SCTG 29, PrintedProducts. As a result, we have included printed productsin the average miles per shipment calculations for the1997 CFS.

Commodity. Products that an establishment produces,sells, or distributes. This does not include items that areconsidered as excess or byproducts of the establishment’soperation. Respondents reported the description and thefive-digit SCTG code for the major commodity contained inthe shipment, defined as the commodity with the greatestweight in the total shipment.

Distance shipped. In some tables, shipment data arepresented for various ‘‘distance shipped’’ intervals. Ship-ments were categorized into these ‘‘distance shipped’’intervals based on the great circle distance between theirorigin and destination ZIP Code centroids. All otherdistance-related data in this and other tables (i.e., ton-miles and average miles per shipment) are based on themileage calculations produced by Oak Ridge NationalLaboratories. (See the ‘‘Mileage Calculations’’ section formore details.)

Great circle distance. The shortest distance betweentwo points on the earth’s surface.

Mode of transportation. The type of transportationused for moving the shipment to its domestic destination.For exports, the domestic destination was the port of exit.

Mode Definitions

In the instructions to the respondent, we defined thepossible modes as follows:



1. Parcel delivery/courier/U.S. Postal Service. Deliv-ery services, parcels, packages, and other small ship-ments that typically weigh less than 100 pounds.Includes bus parcel delivery service.

2. Private truck. Trucks operated by a temporary orpermanent employee of an establishment or thebuyer/receiver of the shipment.

3. For-hire truck. Trucks that carry freight for a fee col-lected from the shipper, recipient of the shipment, oran arranger of the transportation.

4. Railroad. Any common carrier or private railroad.

5. Shallow draft vessels. Barges, ships, or ferries oper-ating primarily on rivers and canals; in harbors, theGreat Lakes, the Saint Lawrence Seaway; the Intrac-oastal Waterway, the Inside Passage to Alaska, majorbays and inlets; or in the ocean close to the shoreline.

6. Deep draft vessel. Barges, ships, or ferries operat-ing primarily in the open ocean. Shipping on the GreatLakes and the Saint Lawrence Seaway is classified withshallow draft vessels.

7. Pipeline. Movements of oil, petroleum, gas, slurry,etc., through pipelines that extend to other establish-ments or locations beyond the shipper’s establish-ment. Aqueducts for the movement of water are notincluded.

8. Air. Commercial or private aircraft, and all air servicefor shipments that typically weigh more than 100pounds. Includes air freight and air express.

9. Other mode. Any mode not listed above.

10. Unknown. The shipment was not carried by a parceldelivery/courier/U.S. Postal Service, and the respon-dent could not determine what mode of transportationwas used.

In the tables, we have used additional terms for mode,which we define as follows:

1. Air (includes truck and air). Shipments that usedair or a combination of truck and air.

2. Single modes. Shipments using only one of theabove-listed modes, except parcel or other andunknown.

3. Multiple modes. Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or couriershipments or shipments for which two or more of thefollowing modes of transportation were used:

Private truckFor-hire truckRailShallow draft vesselDeep draft vesselPipeline

We did not allow for multiple modes in combinationwith ‘‘parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier,’’‘‘unknown,’’ or ‘‘other.’’ By their nature, these ship-ments may already include various kinds of multiple-mode activity. For example, if the respondent reporteda shipment’s mode of transportation as parcel and air,we treated the shipment as parcel only.

4. Other multiple modes. Shipments using any othermode combinations not specifically listed in thetables.

5. Other and unknown modes. Shipments for whichmodes were not reported, or were reported by therespondent as ‘‘Other’’ or ‘‘Unknown.’’

6. Truck. Shipments using for-hire truck only, privatetruck only, or a combination of for-hire truck and pri-vate truck.

7. Water. Shipments using shallow draft vessel only,deep draft vessel only, or Great Lakes vessel only.Combinations of these modes, such as shallow draftvessel and Great Lakes vessel are included as ‘‘Othermultiple modes.’’

8. Great Lakes. In the tables in this publication, ‘‘GreatLakes’’ appears as a single mode. ORNL’s transporta-tion network and mileage calculation system allowedfor separate mileage calculations for Great Lakesbetween the origin and destination ZIP Codes (see the‘‘Mileage Calculations’’ section for more details).

Other Definitions and Terms

Shipment. A shipment (or delivery) is an individual move-ment of commodities from an establishment to a customeror to another location of the originating company (includ-ing a warehouse, distribution center, retail or wholesaleoutlet). A shipment uses one or more modes of transporta-tion including parcel delivery, U.S. Postal Service, courier,private truck, for-hire truck, rail, water, pipeline, air, andother modes.

Standard Classification of Transported Goods(SCTG). The commodities shown in this report are classi-fied using the SCTG coding system. The SCTG coding sys-tem was developed jointly by agencies of the UnitedStates and Canadian governments based on the Harmo-nized System to address statistical needs in regard toproducts transported.

Ton-miles. The weight times the mileage for a shipment.The respondents reported shipment weight in pounds, asdescribed below. Mileage was calculated as the distancebetween the shipment origin and destination ZIP Codes.For shipments by truck, rail, or shallow draft vessels, themileage excludes international segments. For example,mileages from Alaska to the continental United States



exclude any mileages through Canada (see the ‘‘MileageCalculations’’ section for more details). Aggregated pound-miles were converted to ton-miles. The ton-miles data aredisplayed in millions.

Tons shipped. The total weight of the entire shipment.Respondents reported the weight in pounds. Aggregatedpounds were converted to short-tons (2,000 pounds). Thetons data are displayed in thousands.

Total modal activity. The overall activity (e.g., ton-miles)of a specific mode of transportation, whether used in asingle-mode shipment, or as part of a multiple-mode ship-ment. For example, the total modal activity for privatetruck is the total ton-miles carried by private truck insingle-mode shipments, combined with the total ton-milescarried by private truck in all multiple-mode shipmentsthat include private truck (private truck and for-hire truck,private truck and rail, private truck and air, etc.)

Value of shipments. The dollar value of the entire ship-ment. This was defined as the net selling value, f.o.b.plant, exclusive of freight charges and excise taxes. Thevalue data are displayed in millions of dollars.

ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

The following abbreviations and symbols are used inthe tables for this publication:

D Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosingdata for individual companies.

– Represents zero or less than 1 unit ofmeasure.

S Data do not meet publication standards dueto high sampling variability or other reasons.

CFS Commodity Flow Survey.lb Pounds.n.e.c. Not elsewhere classified.NA Not applicable.n.o.s. Not otherwise specified.

OTHER TRANSPORTATION DATA

Users of transportation data may be especially inter-ested in the following reports:

Economic Census: Transportation Sector coversestablishments that provide passenger and freight trans-portation to the general public, government, or other busi-nesses.

Published data include kind of business, geographiclocation, total operating revenue, annual and first quarterpayroll, and number of employees for pay period includ-ing March 12.

Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey covers state andU.S. level statistics on the physical and operational charac-teristics of the Nation’s truck, van, minivan, and sport util-ity vehicle population. Some of the types of data collectedinclude number of vehicles, major use, body type, annualmiles, model year, vehicle size, fuel type, operator classifi-cation, engine size, range of operation, weeks operated,products carried, and hazardous materials carried. Thissurvey shows comparative statistics reflecting percentchanges in number of vehicles between 1997 and 1992for most characteristics.

Transportation Annual Survey covers firms with paidemployees that provide commercial motor freight trans-portation and public warehousing services. Data collectedinclude operating revenue and operating revenue bysource, total expenses and expenses percentage of motorcarrier freight revenue by commodity type, size of ship-ments handled, length of haul, and vehicle fleet inventory.

All results of the 1997 Economic Census are availableon the Census Bureau Internet site http://www.census.govand on compact discs (CD-ROM).

For more information on any Census Bureau product,including a description of electronic and printed reportsbeing issued, see the web site or call Customer Servicesat 301-457-4100.



Table 1. Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation for Metropolitan Area of Origin:1997

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

Mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton~miles

Number(million dollars) Percent

Number(thousands) Percent

Number(millions) Percent

Average milesper shipment

All modes 48 643...................................................... 100.0 33 036 100.0 4 311 100.0 793

Single modes 33 642..................................................... 69.2 32 448 98.2 3 706 86.0 273

Truck1 30 209.................................................................. 62.1 32 228 97.6 3 526 81.8 167Rail 132.................................................................... .3 32 .1 84 2.0 2 721All other single modes 3 301.................................................... 6.8 S S 96 2.2 1 749

Multiple modes 10 623................................................... 21.8 174 .5 251 5.8 1 408

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier 10 528....................................... 21.6 158 .5 217 5.0 1 408All other multiple modes 94................................................... .2 15 – 34 .8 2 365

Other and unknown modes S........................................ S 414 1.3 354 8.2 347

– Represents data cell equal to zero or less than 1 unit of measure.D Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.S Data do not meet publication standards because of high sampling variability or other reasons. Some unpublished estimates can be derived from other data published in this table. However,

figures obtained in this manner are subject to these same limitations.

1"Truck" as a single mode includes shipments which went by private truck only, for~hire truck only, or a combination of private truck and for~hire truck.

Table 2. Inbound Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation for Metropolitan Area ofDestination: 1997








All modes 46 976...................................................... 100.0 43 827 100.0 8 541 100.0 766

Single modes 34 342..................................................... 73.1 42 616 97.2 6 872 80.5 235

Truck1 31 406.................................................................. 66.9 41 879 95.6 5 557 65.1 155Rail 452.................................................................... 1.0 689 1.6 1 213 14.2 2 081All other single modes 2 484.................................................... 5.3 48 .1 102 1.2 1 922

Multiple modes 10 389................................................... 22.1 363 .8 620 7.3 1 374

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier 9 760....................................... 20.8 171 .4 210 2.5 1 373All other multiple modes 629................................................... 1.3 192 .4 409 4.8 2 365

Other and unknown modes 2 245........................................ 4.8 848 1.9 1 050 12.3 312




TRANSPORTATIONmCFS SAN DIEGO, CA MSA 9U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Mar. 1, 2000

Table 3. Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation and Distance Shipped forMetropolitan Area of Origin: 1997


Mode of transportation and distance shipped(based on Great Circle Distance)





All modes 48 643....................................... 100.0 33 036 100.0 4 311 100.0

Less than 50 miles 12 271.......................................... 25.2 29 329 88.8 514 11.950 to 99 miles 4 286.............................................. 8.8 1 120 3.4 115 2.7100 to 249 miles 5 612............................................ 11.5 693 2.1 93 2.1250 to 499 miles 3 531............................................ 7.3 381 1.2 171 4.0500 to 749 miles 563............................................ 1.2 18 – 14 .3

750 to 999 miles 649............................................ 1.3 49 .1 54 1.21,000 to 1,499 miles 5 670........................................ 11.7 368 1.1 558 12.91,500 to 1,999 miles 7 537........................................ 15.5 327 1.0 701 16.32,000 miles or more 8 524......................................... 17.5 S S S S

Single modes 33 642...................................... 100.0 32 448 100.0 3 706 100.0

Less than 50 miles 10 335.......................................... 30.7 29 158 89.9 511 13.850 to 99 miles 2 976.............................................. 8.8 1 067 3.3 109 3.0100 to 249 miles 2 391............................................ 7.1 653 2.0 87 2.3250 to 499 miles 1 806............................................ 5.4 323 1.0 145 3.9500 to 749 miles S............................................ S 11 – 8 .2

750 to 999 miles 242............................................ .7 31 .1 34 .91,000 to 1,499 miles 4 352........................................ 12.9 S S S S1,500 to 1,999 miles 5 406........................................ 16.1 219 .7 474 12.82,000 miles or more S......................................... S S S S S

Truck1 30 209.............................................. 100.0 32 228 100.0 3 526 100.0

Less than 50 miles 10 331.......................................... 34.2 29 155 90.5 511 14.550 to 99 miles 2 720.............................................. 9.0 1 051 3.3 107 3.0100 to 249 miles 1 977............................................ 6.5 537 1.7 71 2.0250 to 499 miles 1 404............................................ 4.6 306 .9 137 3.9500 to 749 miles S............................................ S 10 – 8 .2

750 to 999 miles 151............................................ .5 28 – 31 .91,000 to 1,499 miles 3 478........................................ 11.5 S S S S1,500 to 1,999 miles S........................................ S 184 .6 394 11.22,000 miles or more S......................................... S S S S S

Rail 132................................................. 100.0 32 100.0 84 100.0

Less than 50 miles –.......................................... – – – – –50 to 99 miles –.............................................. – – – – –100 to 249 miles –............................................ – – – – –250 to 499 miles –............................................ – – – – –500 to 749 miles –............................................ – – – – –

750 to 999 miles –............................................ – – – – –1,000 to 1,499 miles S........................................ S S S S S1,500 to 1,999 miles 66........................................ 49.9 19 61.6 50 58.92,000 miles or more S......................................... S S S S S

All other single modes 3 301............................... 100.0 S S 96 100.0

Less than 50 miles S.......................................... S S S S S50 to 99 miles 256.............................................. 7.8 17 8.9 2 2.5100 to 249 miles 413............................................ 12.5 S S S S250 to 499 miles 402............................................ 12.2 S S S S500 to 749 miles S............................................ S S S S S

750 to 999 miles 91............................................ 2.8 S S S S1,000 to 1,499 miles 849........................................ 25.7 8 4.0 12 12.61,500 to 1,999 miles 594........................................ 18.0 15 8.0 30 31.52,000 miles or more 680......................................... 20.6 9 5.0 24 25.0

Multiple modes 10 623.................................... 100.0 174 100.0 251 100.0

Less than 50 miles 975.......................................... 9.2 15 8.5 – .150 to 99 miles 955.............................................. 9.0 13 7.6 1 .5100 to 249 miles 891............................................ 8.4 15 8.5 2 .9250 to 499 miles 1 555............................................ 14.6 19 10.8 9 3.4500 to 749 miles 381............................................ 3.6 5 3.1 4 1.7

750 to 999 miles 394............................................ 3.7 8 4.6 9 3.71,000 to 1,499 miles 1 122........................................ 10.6 17 9.5 25 9.81,500 to 1,999 miles 1 959........................................ 18.4 43 24.8 94 37.32,000 miles or more 2 390......................................... 22.5 39 22.5 107 42.5

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier 10 528................. 100.0 158 100.0 217 100.0

Less than 50 miles 975.......................................... 9.3 15 9.3 – .150 to 99 miles 955.............................................. 9.1 13 8.3 1 .6100 to 249 miles 891............................................ 8.5 15 9.4 2 1.1250 to 499 miles 1 553............................................ 14.7 18 11.3 8 3.7500 to 749 miles 377............................................ 3.6 4 2.8 3 1.6

750 to 999 miles 390............................................ 3.7 7 4.2 7 3.31,000 to 1,499 miles 1 117........................................ 10.6 15 9.8 23 10.51,500 to 1,999 miles 1 902........................................ 18.1 35 22.3 75 34.52,000 miles or more 2 368......................................... 22.5 36 22.5 97 44.7

All other multiple modes 94............................. 100.0 15 100.0 34 100.0

Less than 50 miles S.......................................... S S S S S50 to 99 miles –.............................................. – – – – –100 to 249 miles –............................................ – – – – –250 to 499 miles S............................................ S S S S S500 to 749 miles S............................................ S S S S S

750 to 999 miles S............................................ S S S S S1,000 to 1,499 miles S........................................ S S S S S1,500 to 1,999 miles S........................................ S S S S S2,000 miles or more 22......................................... 22.9 3 21.9 10 29.0

See footnotes at end of table.

10 SAN DIEGO, CA MSA TRANSPORTATIONmCFSU.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Mar. 1, 2000

Table 3. Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation and Distance Shipped forMetropolitan Area of Origin: 1997mCon.







Other and unknown modes S......................... S 414 100.0 354 100.0

Less than 50 miles 962.......................................... 22.0 156 37.8 2 .550 to 99 miles 355.............................................. 8.1 40 9.6 4 1.1100 to 249 miles S............................................ S 25 6.0 3 1.0250 to 499 miles 169............................................ 3.9 39 9.4 17 4.8500 to 749 miles 20............................................ .5 S S S S

750 to 999 miles 13............................................ .3 S S S S1,000 to 1,499 miles S........................................ S S S S S1,500 to 1,999 miles 172........................................ 3.9 65 15.8 133 37.62,000 miles or more 161......................................... 3.7 44 10.6 113 31.9





Table 4. Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation and Shipment Size forMetropolitan Area of Origin: 1997








All modes 48 643.................................................... 100.0 33 036 100.0 4 311 100.0 793

Less than 50 lb 10 597.......................................................... 21.8 150 .5 108 2.5 95750 to 99 lb 2 386.............................................................. 4.9 109 .3 53 1.2 467100 to 499 lb 6 937............................................................ 14.3 503 1.5 173 4.0 344500 to 749 lb 1 496............................................................ 3.1 239 .7 64 1.5 263750 to 999 lb 1 025............................................................ 2.1 161 .5 52 1.2 311

1,000 to 9,999 lb 15 783......................................................... 32.4 3 194 9.7 S S 60910,000 to 49,999 lb 8 330....................................................... 17.1 13 198 40.0 881 20.4 10950,000 to 99,999 lb 1 952....................................................... 4.0 11 098 33.6 427 9.9 S100,000 lb or more 137....................................................... .3 S S S S S

Single modes 33 642................................................... 100.0 32 448 100.0 3 706 100.0 273

Less than 50 lb 2 582.......................................................... 7.7 73 .2 14 .4 29050 to 99 lb 1 209.............................................................. 3.6 77 .2 12 .3 147100 to 499 lb 4 830............................................................ 14.4 443 1.4 99 2.7 204500 to 749 lb 1 177............................................................ 3.5 228 .7 53 1.4 232750 to 999 lb 780............................................................ 2.3 151 .5 37 1.0 238

1,000 to 9,999 lb 12 885......................................................... 38.3 3 014 9.3 S S 59610,000 to 49,999 lb 8 117....................................................... 24.1 13 079 40.3 786 21.2 9850,000 to 99,999 lb 1 926....................................................... 5.7 11 003 33.9 319 8.6 28100,000 lb or more 136....................................................... .4 S S S S S

Truck1 30 209............................................................ 100.0 32 228 100.0 3 526 100.0 167

Less than 50 lb 1 487.......................................................... 4.9 69 .2 8 .2 9550 to 99 lb 819.............................................................. 2.7 75 .2 8 .2 104100 to 499 lb 3 711............................................................ 12.3 432 1.3 84 2.4 173500 to 749 lb 982............................................................ 3.3 224 .7 48 1.4 209750 to 999 lb 701............................................................ 2.3 149 .5 35 1.0 228

1,000 to 9,999 lb 12 600......................................................... 41.7 2 962 9.2 S S 59210,000 to 49,999 lb 7 882....................................................... 26.1 13 044 40.5 720 20.4 9050,000 to 99,999 lb 1 899....................................................... 6.3 10 899 33.8 305 8.7 28100,000 lb or more 127....................................................... .4 S S S S S

Rail 132.............................................................. 100.0 32 100.0 84 100.0 2 721

Less than 50 lb –.......................................................... – – – – – –50 to 99 lb –.............................................................. – – – – – –100 to 499 lb –............................................................ – – – – – –500 to 749 lb –............................................................ – – – – – –750 to 999 lb –............................................................ – – – – – –

1,000 to 9,999 lb S......................................................... S S S S S 3 05610,000 to 49,999 lb S....................................................... S 23 71.4 60 71.1 2 68450,000 to 99,999 lb –....................................................... – – – – – –100,000 lb or more S....................................................... S S S S S 2 660

All other single modes 3 301............................................ 100.0 S S 96 100.0 1 749

Less than 50 lb 1 095.......................................................... 33.2 4 2.1 7 7.0 1 80350 to 99 lb 389.............................................................. 11.8 2 1.2 4 3.7 1 606100 to 499 lb 1 119............................................................ 33.9 10 5.4 15 15.5 1 485500 to 749 lb S............................................................ S S S S S 1 782750 to 999 lb S............................................................ S S S 2 2.1 966

1,000 to 9,999 lb 278......................................................... 8.4 S S 43 45.1 89510,000 to 49,999 lb S....................................................... S S S S S 70450,000 to 99,999 lb S....................................................... S S S S S 135100,000 lb or more –....................................................... – – – – – –

Multiple modes 10 623................................................. 100.0 174 100.0 251 100.0 1 408

Less than 50 lb 7 395.......................................................... 69.6 70 40.4 93 36.9 1 40950 to 99 lb 986.............................................................. 9.3 29 16.7 40 16.1 1 359100 to 499 lb 1 644............................................................ 15.5 46 26.4 66 26.3 1 445500 to 749 lb 283............................................................ 2.7 8 4.6 10 4.0 1 248750 to 999 lb 229............................................................ 2.2 7 4.1 12 5.0 1 718

1,000 to 9,999 lb 19......................................................... .2 S S 6 2.5 2 29110,000 to 49,999 lb 62....................................................... .6 10 6.0 23 9.0 2 13250,000 to 99,999 lb S....................................................... S S S S S 1 758100,000 lb or more –....................................................... – – – – – –

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier 10 528............................... 100.0 158 100.0 217 100.0 1 408

Less than 50 lb 7 395.......................................................... 70.2 70 44.3 93 42.7 1 40950 to 99 lb 986.............................................................. 9.4 29 18.3 40 18.6 1 359100 to 499 lb 1 644............................................................ 15.6 46 28.9 66 30.3 1 445500 to 749 lb 283............................................................ 2.7 8 5.0 10 4.6 1 239750 to 999 lb 220............................................................ 2.1 6 3.5 8 3.8 1 489

1,000 to 9,999 lb S......................................................... S S S S S 11310,000 to 49,999 lb –....................................................... – – – – – –50,000 to 99,999 lb –....................................................... – – – – – –100,000 lb or more –....................................................... – – – – – –

All other multiple modes 94.......................................... 100.0 15 100.0 34 100.0 2 365

Less than 50 lb S.......................................................... S S S S S 2 81750 to 99 lb S.............................................................. S S S S S 1 668100 to 499 lb S............................................................ S S S S S 1 766500 to 749 lb S............................................................ S S S S S 2 035750 to 999 lb S............................................................ S S S S S 2 606

1,000 to 9,999 lb 18......................................................... 19.5 S S 6 18.5 2 37910,000 to 49,999 lb 62....................................................... 66.3 10 68.0 23 66.3 2 13250,000 to 99,999 lb S....................................................... S S S S S 1 758100,000 lb or more –....................................................... – – – – – –



Table 4. Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation and Shipment Size forMetropolitan Area of Origin: 1997mCon.








Other and unknown modes S...................................... S 414 100.0 354 100.0 347

Less than 50 lb 619.......................................................... 14.1 7 1.7 1 .4 28750 to 99 lb 191.............................................................. 4.4 3 .7 1 .1 187100 to 499 lb 463............................................................ 10.6 15 3.6 9 2.4 652500 to 749 lb 36............................................................ .8 3 .8 – – 73750 to 999 lb 15............................................................ .4 3 .7 S S 618

1,000 to 9,999 lb S......................................................... S 177 42.8 158 44.6 80110,000 to 49,999 lb 150....................................................... 3.4 108 26.2 72 20.4 71150,000 to 99,999 lb 24....................................................... .5 S S S S 926100,000 lb or more S....................................................... S S S S S 1 180





Table 5. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity Group for Metropolitan Area of Origin: 1997[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

SCTGcodes Commodity code group description






Total 48 643................................................... 100.0 33 036 100.0 4 311 100.0 793

01~05 Agricultural products and fish 1 064...................................... 2.2 1 087 3.3 63 1.5 S06~09 Grains, alcohol, and tobacco products 1 726............................... 3.5 1 571 4.8 131 3.0 6210~14 Stone, Nonmetallic minerals, and metallic ores 90....................... .2 10 426 31.6 201 4.7 S15~20 Coal and petroleum products 2 183...................................... 4.5 10 077 30.5 205 4.7 S21~24 Pharmaceutical and chemical products 2 370.............................. 4.9 381 1.2 S S 64725~30 Wood products, and textiles and leather 4 223............................. 8.7 2 106 6.4 309 7.2 855

31~34 Base metal and machinery 3 833........................................ 7.9 5 525 16.7 587 13.6 47935~38 Electronics, motorized vehicles, and precision instruments 24 975............. 51.3 S S S S 1 05239~43 Furniture and miscellaneous manufactured products 7 927.................. 16.3 777 2.4 539 12.5 1 236– Commodity unknown 252.............................................. .5 37 .1 9 .2 1 121



Note: Data exclude shipments of SCTG 16, Crude Petroleum. See the section "Industry Coverage" for additional information.


Table 6. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity Group and Mode of Transportation forMetropolitan Area of Origin: 1997


Commodity code group, description, and mode of transportation






ALL COMMODITIES

All modes 48 643............................................ 100.0 33 036 100.0 4 311 100.0 793

Single modes 33 642........................................... 69.2 32 448 98.2 3 706 86.0 273

Truck1 30 209........................................................ 62.1 32 228 97.6 3 526 81.8 167Rail 132.......................................................... .3 32 .1 84 2.0 2 721All other single modes 3 301.......................................... 6.8 S S 96 2.2 1 749

Multiple modes 10 623......................................... 21.8 174 .5 251 5.8 1 408

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier 10 528............................. 21.6 158 .5 217 5.0 1 408All other multiple modes 94......................................... .2 15 – 34 .8 2 365

Other and unknown modes S.............................. S 414 1.3 354 8.2 347

SCTG 01~05, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AND FISH

All modes 1 064............................................ 100.0 1 087 100.0 63 100.0 S

Single modes 1 022........................................... 96.1 1 065 97.9 48 75.9 S

Truck1 977........................................................ 91.9 1 058 97.3 41 65.6 SRail –.......................................................... – – – – – –All other single modes 45.......................................... 4.2 7 .6 6 10.3 1 409

Multiple modes S......................................... S S S S S 2 049

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier S............................. S S S S S 2 049All other multiple modes –......................................... – – – – – –

Other and unknown modes S.............................. S S S S S 720

SCTG 06~09, GRAINS, ALCOHOL, AND TOBACCOPRODUCTS

All modes 1 726............................................ 100.0 1 571 100.0 131 100.0 62

Single modes 1 706........................................... 98.8 1 568 99.8 130 99.2 40

Truck1 1 706........................................................ 98.8 1 568 99.8 130 99.1 40Rail –.......................................................... – – – – – –All other single modes S.......................................... S S S S S 2 722

Multiple modes 8......................................... .5 1 – 1 .8 1 638

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier 8............................. .5 1 – 1 .8 1 638All other multiple modes –......................................... – – – – – –

Other and unknown modes S.............................. S S S – – S

SCTG 10~14, STONE, NONMETALLIC MINERALS, ANDMETALLIC ORES

All modes 90............................................ 100.0 10 426 100.0 201 100.0 S

Single modes 63........................................... 69.5 10 417 99.9 198 98.9 16

Truck1 63........................................................ 69.5 10 417 99.9 198 98.9 16Rail –.......................................................... – – – – – –All other single modes –.......................................... – – – – – –




SCTG 15~20, COAL AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

All modes 2 183............................................ 100.0 10 077 100.0 205 100.0 S

Single modes 2 122........................................... 97.2 10 031 99.5 202 98.6 S

Truck1 2 115........................................................ 96.9 10 031 99.5 202 98.5 SRail –.......................................................... – – – – – –All other single modes 7.......................................... .3 – – – .1 2 104

Multiple modes 28......................................... 1.3 S S S S S

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier 28............................. 1.3 S S S S SAll other multiple modes –......................................... – – – – – –

Other and unknown modes 33.............................. 1.5 S S S S S



Table 6. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity Group and Mode of Transportation forMetropolitan Area of Origin: 1997mCon.








SCTG 21~24, PHARMACEUTICAL AND CHEMICALPRODUCTS

All modes 2 370............................................ 100.0 381 100.0 S S 647

Single modes 1 671........................................... 70.5 346 90.8 S S 303

Truck1 1 313........................................................ 55.4 342 89.9 S S 106Rail –.......................................................... – – – – – –All other single modes 358.......................................... 15.1 3 .8 5 1.7 1 932

Multiple modes 531......................................... 22.4 19 5.0 18 5.6 922

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier 531............................. 22.4 19 5.0 18 5.6 922All other multiple modes S......................................... S S S S S 1 909

Other and unknown modes 168.............................. 7.1 16 4.2 S S S

SCTG 25~30, WOOD PRODUCTS, AND TEXTILES ANDLEATHER

All modes 4 223............................................ 100.0 2 106 100.0 309 100.0 855

Single modes 3 134........................................... 74.2 2 017 95.8 202 65.2 125

Truck1 3 084........................................................ 73.0 2 013 95.6 196 63.4 SRail –.......................................................... – – – – – –All other single modes 50.......................................... 1.2 S S S S 1 360

Multiple modes 823......................................... 19.5 27 1.3 38 12.4 1 667

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier 822............................. 19.5 27 1.3 38 12.2 1 667All other multiple modes S......................................... S S S S S 2 771

Other and unknown modes 265.............................. 6.3 S S S S 992

SCTG 31~34, BASE METAL AND MACHINERY

All modes 3 833............................................ 100.0 5 525 100.0 587 100.0 479

Single modes 3 143........................................... 82.0 5 293 95.8 345 58.8 155

Truck1 2 654........................................................ 69.2 5 133 92.9 258 43.9 SRail S.......................................................... S S S S S 2 826All other single modes 431.......................................... 11.3 S S S S 1 161

Multiple modes 452......................................... 11.8 11 .2 14 2.4 1 283

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier 452............................. 11.8 11 .2 14 2.4 1 283All other multiple modes –......................................... – – – – – –

Other and unknown modes 239.............................. 6.2 221 4.0 S S S

SCTG 35~38, ELECTRONICS, MOTORIZED VEHICLES,AND PRECISION INSTRUMENTS

All modes 24 975............................................ 100.0 S S S S 1 052

Single modes 16 523........................................... 66.2 S S S S 573

Truck1 14 520........................................................ 58.1 S S S S 426Rail S.......................................................... S S S S S 2 572All other single modes 1 944.......................................... 7.8 10 1.0 16 .8 1 519

Multiple modes 5 093......................................... 20.4 45 4.3 70 3.6 1 469

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier 5 062............................. 20.3 43 4.1 66 3.4 1 468All other multiple modes S......................................... S S S S S 2 713

Other and unknown modes S.............................. S 27 2.5 18 .9 117

SCTG 39~43, FURNITURE AND MISCELLANEOUSMANUFACTURED PRODUCTS

All modes 7 927............................................ 100.0 777 100.0 539 100.0 1 236

Single modes 4 034........................................... 50.9 700 90.1 423 78.6 927

Truck1 3 636........................................................ 45.9 674 86.7 389 72.2 516Rail S.......................................................... S S S S S 2 779All other single modes 384.......................................... 4.8 S S S S 2 015

Multiple modes 3 665......................................... 46.2 68 8.8 107 19.8 1 401

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier 3 603............................. 45.4 55 7.0 78 14.4 1 400All other multiple modes 62......................................... .8 13 1.7 29 5.4 2 088

Other and unknown modes 228.............................. 2.9 9 1.1 8 1.5 507



Table 6. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity Group and Mode of Transportation forMetropolitan Area of Origin: 1997mCon.








COMMODITY UNKNOWN

All modes 252............................................ 100.0 37 100.0 9 100.0 1 121

Single modes 224........................................... 88.6 34 92.6 5 63.0 S

Truck1 142........................................................ 56.4 34 91.5 5 61.3 SRail –.......................................................... – – – – – –All other single modes S.......................................... S S S S S 1 945







Note: Data exclude shipments of SCTG 16, Crude Petroleum. See the section "Industry Coverage" for additional information.


Table 7. Outbound Shipment Characteristics by Destination for Metropolitan Area: 1997[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

State, metropolitan area, and remainder of state destination





Total 48 643...................................................... 100.0 33 036 100.0 4 311 100.0

Alabama 178.......................................................... .4 S S 17 .4

Alaska 46............................................................ – S S S S

Arizona 668........................................................... 1.4 94 .3 33 .8Phoenix~Mesa, AZ MSA 513........................................... 1.1 57 .2 23 .5Remainder of Arizona 155............................................. .3 37 .1 10 .2

Arkansas S.......................................................... S S S S S

California 24 908......................................................... 51.2 31 409 95.1 852 19.8Los Angeles~Riverside~Orange County, CA CMSA 9 754.................... 20.1 2 930 8.9 246 5.7Sacramento~Yolo, CA CMSA 201....................................... .4 15 – 8 .2San Diego, CA MSA 12 075.............................................. 24.8 28 047 84.9 452 10.5San Francisco~Oakland~San Jose, CA CMSA 2 139........................ 4.4 181 .5 89 2.1Remainder of California 739............................................ 1.5 235 .7 58 1.3

Colorado 343.......................................................... .7 27 – 29 .7Denver~Boulder~Greeley, CO CMSA 218................................ .4 24 – 26 .6Remainder of Colorado 125............................................ .3 3 – 3 –

Connecticut 167....................................................... .3 7 – 20 .5Hartford, CT NECMA 37.............................................. – 3 – 7 .2Remainder of Connecticut 129......................................... .3 4 – 13 .3

Delaware S.......................................................... S – – 1 –

District of Columbia 41............................................... – – – – –Washington, DC~MD~VA~WV PMSA (DC part) 41........................ – – – – –

Florida 772............................................................ 1.6 49 .1 123 2.8Jacksonville, FL MSA 77............................................. .2 4 – 10 .2Miami~Fort Lauderdale, FL CMSA 170................................... .3 10 – 29 .7Orlando, FL MSA 129................................................. .3 7 – 19 .4Tampa~St Petersburg~Clearwater, FL MSA 130........................... .3 9 – 24 .6West Palm Beach~Boca Raton, FL MSA 50............................. .1 1 – 2 –Remainder of Florida 215.............................................. .4 S S S S

Georgia 599........................................................... 1.2 21 – 47 1.1Atlanta, GA MSA 522................................................. 1.1 17 – 38 .9Remainder of Georgia 78............................................. .2 4 – 9 .2

Hawaii 94............................................................ .2 4 – 11 .2

Idaho 60............................................................. .1 3 – 3 –

Illinois 858............................................................ 1.8 47 .1 99 2.3Chicago~Gary~Kenosha, IL~IN~WI CMSA (IL part) 729..................... 1.5 41 .1 87 2.0St Louis, MO~IL MSA (IL part) S...................................... S – – – –Remainder of Illinois 114.............................................. .2 6 – 13 .3

Indiana 524............................................................ 1.1 20 – 43 1.0Gary, IN PMSA S................................................... S S S S SIndianapolis, IN MSA 163.............................................. .3 10 – 20 .5Remainder of Indiana S............................................. S 10 – 22 .5

Iowa S.............................................................. S 7 – 12 .3

Kansas 89........................................................... .2 7 – 10 .2Kansas City, MO~KS MSA (KS part) 25................................. – 2 – 4 .1Remainder of Kansas 63............................................. .1 S S S S

Kentucky S.......................................................... S 23 – 53 1.2Louisville, KY~IN MSA (KY part) S.................................... S S S S SRemainder of Kentucky S............................................ S 15 – 36 .8

Louisiana 261......................................................... .5 S S S SNew Orleans, LA MSA 151............................................. .3 S S S SRemainder of Louisiana 110........................................... .2 3 – 6 .1

Maine 22............................................................. – 1 – 2 –

Maryland 367.......................................................... .8 12 – 33 .8Baltimore, MD PMSA 177.............................................. .4 6 – 16 .4Remainder of Maryland 189............................................ .4 6 – 17 .4

Massachusetts S.................................................... S S S S SBoston~Worcester~Lawrence~Lowell~Brockton, MA~NH NECMA (MApart) 387........................................................... .8 12 – 35 .8

Remainder of Massachusetts S....................................... S S S S S

Michigan 525.......................................................... 1.1 S S S SDetroit~Ann Arbor~Flint, MI CMSA 397................................... .8 S S S SGrand Rapids~Muskegon~Holland, MI MSA 41........................... – 1 – 2 –Remainder of Michigan 87............................................ .2 2 – 5 .1

Minnesota 324......................................................... .7 21 – 43 1.0Minneapolis~St Paul, MN~WI MSA (MN part) 268.......................... .6 S S S SRemainder of Minnesota 56........................................... .1 5 – 10 .2

Mississippi 50........................................................ .1 S S S S

Missouri 482.......................................................... 1.0 19 – 35 .8Kansas City, MO~KS MSA (MO part) S................................ S S S S SSt Louis, MO~IL MSA (MO part) 162..................................... .3 8 – S SRemainder of Missouri 60............................................. .1 10 – 17 .4

Montana 55.......................................................... .1 S S S S

Nebraska 65.......................................................... .1 2 – 3 –

Nevada 154........................................................... .3 S S S SLas Vegas, NV~AZ MSA (NV part) 118.................................. .2 S S S SRemainder of Nevada S............................................. S 3 – 1 –

New Hampshire 160.................................................... .3 S S S S


18 SAN DIEGO, CA MSA TRANSPORTATIONmCFSU.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Apr. 21, 2000

Table 7. Outbound Shipment Characteristics by Destination for Metropolitan Area: 1997mCon.[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]






New Jersey S........................................................ S S S S SNew York~Northern New Jersey~Long Island, NY~NJ~CT~PA CMSA (NJpart) S........................................................... S S S S S

Philadelphia, PA~NJ PMSA (NJ part) 39................................ – 4 – 12 .3Remainder of New Jersey 6......................................... – – – 1 –

New Mexico S....................................................... S 2 – 2 –

New York 1 224......................................................... 2.5 39 .1 105 2.4Buffalo~Niagara Falls, NY MSA S..................................... S S S S SNew York~Northern New Jersey~Long Island, NY~NJ~CT~PA CMSA (NYpart) 467........................................................... 1.0 21 – 59 1.4

Rochester, NY MSA S............................................... S S S S SRemainder of New York 165........................................... .3 S S 17 .4

North Carolina 415..................................................... .9 23 – 58 1.3Charlotte~Gastonia~Rock Hill, NC~SC MSA (NC part) 101.................. .2 9 – 22 .5Greensboro~Winston~Salem~High Point, NC MSA S..................... S 1 – 3 –Raleigh~Durham~Chapel Hill, NC MSA S............................... S 1 – 3 –Remainder of North Carolina 114....................................... .2 12 – 31 .7

North Dakota 16...................................................... – S S S S

Ohio 550.............................................................. 1.1 22 – 52 1.2Cincinnati~Hamilton, OH~KY~IN CMSA (OH part) 43...................... – 2 – 5 .1Cleveland~Akron, OH CMSA 104....................................... .2 5 – 13 .3Columbus, OH MSA 255............................................... .5 S S S SDayton~Springfield, OH MSA 15....................................... – 1 – 3 –Remainder of Ohio 134................................................ .3 6 – 16 .4

Oklahoma 187......................................................... .4 S S S SOklahoma City, OK MSA 64.......................................... .1 2 – 3 –Remainder of Oklahoma 123........................................... .3 S S S S

Oregon 172........................................................... .4 14 – 15 .3Portland~Salem, OR~WA CMSA (OR part) 109............................ .2 S S S SRemainder of Oregon 63............................................. .1 4 – 4 –

Pennsylvania S...................................................... S S S S SPhiladelphia~Wilmington~Atlantic City, PA~NJ~DE~MD CMSA (PA part) 122... .3 6 – 18 .4Pittsburgh, PA MSA 36............................................... – S S S SRemainder of Pennsylvania S........................................ S S S S S

Rhode Island 13...................................................... – S S S S

South Carolina 230.................................................... .5 7 – 18 .4

South Dakota 11...................................................... – 1 – 1 –

Tennessee 648........................................................ 1.3 39 .1 78 1.8Memphis TN~AR~MS MSA (TN part) 206................................. .4 S S S SNashville, TN MSA S................................................ S S S S SRemainder of Tennessee 242.......................................... .5 S S S S

Texas 2 803............................................................. 5.8 177 .5 266 6.2Austin~San Marcos, TX MSA 111....................................... .2 2 – 3 –Dallas~Fort Worth, TX CMSA 1 671....................................... 3.4 S S S SHouston~Galveston~Brazoria, TX CMSA 345............................. .7 S S S SSan Antonio, TX MSA 118............................................. .2 2 – 2 –Remainder of Texas 559............................................... 1.1 S S S S

Utah 209.............................................................. .4 10 – 7 .2Salt Lake City~Ogden, UT MSA 138..................................... .3 7 – 5 .1Remainder of Utah 71................................................ .1 3 – 2 –

Vermont S.......................................................... S S S S S

Virginia 294........................................................... .6 10 – 27 .6Norfolk~Virginia Beach~Newport News, VA~NC MSA (VA part) 64.......... .1 S S S SWashington, DC~MD~VA~WV PMSA (VA part) 56........................ .1 2 – 5 .1Remainder of Virginia S............................................. S 4 – 9 .2

Washington 912....................................................... 1.9 45 .1 57 1.3Seattle~Tacoma~Bremerton, WA CMSA 543.............................. 1.1 35 .1 44 1.0Remainder of Washington 369......................................... .8 10 – 14 .3

West Virginia 87...................................................... .2 3 – 8 .2

Wisconsin S......................................................... S S S S SMilwaukee~Racine, WI CMSA 62...................................... .1 S S S SRemainder of Wisconsin S........................................... S S S S S

Wyoming 14.......................................................... – 1 – 1 –



Note: Exports are included in the geographic destination containing the port of exit or border crossing (final domestic destination).

TRANSPORTATIONmCFS SAN DIEGO, CA MSA 19U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Apr. 21, 2000

Table 8. Inbound Shipment Characteristics by Origin for Metropolitan Area: 1997[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

State, metropolitan area, remainder of state of origin





Total 46 976...................................................... 100.0 43 827 100.0 8 541 100.0

Alabama 95.......................................................... .2 S S S S

Alaska S............................................................ S S S S S

Arizona 800........................................................... 1.7 484 1.1 191 2.2Phoenix~Mesa, AZ MSA 426........................................... .9 247 .6 89 1.0Remainder of Arizona S............................................. S S S S S

Arkansas 174.......................................................... .4 87 .2 160 1.9

California 30 257......................................................... 64.4 40 209 91.7 2 082 24.4Los Angeles~Riverside~Orange County, CA CMSA 14 817.................... 31.5 10 776 24.6 1 140 13.3Sacramento~Yolo, CA CMSA 173....................................... .4 26 – 13 .2San Diego, CA MSA 12 075.............................................. 25.7 28 047 64.0 452 5.3San Francisco~Oakland~San Jose, CA CMSA 1 969........................ 4.2 140 .3 68 .8Remainder of California 1 224............................................ 2.6 1 219 2.8 410 4.8

Colorado 388.......................................................... .8 S S S SDenver~Boulder~Greeley, CO CMSA 203................................ .4 16 – 18 .2Remainder of Colorado 185............................................ .4 S S S S

Connecticut 576....................................................... 1.2 S S S SHartford, CT NECMA 54.............................................. .1 1 – 4 –Remainder of Connecticut 522......................................... 1.1 S S S S

Delaware S.......................................................... S 2 – 6 –

District of Columbia –............................................... – – – – –Washington, DC~MD~VA~WV PMSA (DC part) –........................ – – – – –

Florida 625............................................................ 1.3 90 .2 244 2.9Jacksonville, FL MSA 8............................................. – S S S SMiami~Fort Lauderdale, FL CMSA 261................................... .6 S S S SOrlando, FL MSA S................................................. S 1 – 1 –Tampa~St Petersburg~Clearwater, FL MSA 101........................... .2 S S S SWest Palm Beach~Boca Raton, FL MSA S............................. S S S S SRemainder of Florida 79.............................................. .2 S S S S

Georgia 587........................................................... 1.2 96 .2 214 2.5Atlanta, GA MSA 293................................................. .6 32 – 70 .8Remainder of Georgia S............................................. S S S S S

Hawaii 7............................................................ – S S S S

Idaho 36............................................................. – 14 – 17 .2

Illinois 782............................................................ 1.7 111 .3 236 2.8Chicago~Gary~Kenosha, IL~IN~WI CMSA (IL part) 584..................... 1.2 77 .2 165 1.9St Louis, MO~IL MSA (IL part) S...................................... S 2 – 5 –Remainder of Illinois 184.............................................. .4 32 – 66 .8

Indiana 704............................................................ 1.5 54 .1 125 1.5Gary, IN PMSA S................................................... S S S S SIndianapolis, IN MSA S.............................................. S S S S SRemainder of Indiana S............................................. S 44 .1 104 1.2

Iowa 128.............................................................. .3 S S S S

Kansas 219........................................................... .5 126 .3 210 2.5Kansas City, MO~KS MSA (KS part) 28................................. – S S S SRemainder of Kansas 192............................................. .4 S S S S

Kentucky S.......................................................... S S S S SLouisville, KY~IN MSA (KY part) 6.................................... – S S S SRemainder of Kentucky S............................................ S 48 .1 103 1.2

Louisiana 56......................................................... .1 S S S SNew Orleans, LA MSA S............................................. S S S S SRemainder of Louisiana 50........................................... .1 S S S S

Maine 35............................................................. – 3 – 9 .1

Maryland S.......................................................... S 2 – 7 –Baltimore, MD PMSA S.............................................. S 1 – 4 –Remainder of Maryland 65............................................ .1 1 – 3 –

Massachusetts 513.................................................... 1.1 S S S SBoston~Worcester~Lawrence~Lowell~Brockton, MA~NH NECMA (MApart) 472........................................................... 1.0 22 – 65 .8

Remainder of Massachusetts 40....................................... – S S S S

Michigan 411.......................................................... .9 50 .1 117 1.4Detroit~Ann Arbor~Flint, MI CMSA 239................................... .5 11 – 27 .3Grand Rapids~Muskegon~Holland, MI MSA 106........................... .2 18 – 40 .5Remainder of Michigan 66............................................ .1 21 – 50 .6

Minnesota 804......................................................... 1.7 167 .4 358 4.2Minneapolis~St Paul, MN~WI MSA (MN part) 649.......................... 1.4 S S S SRemainder of Minnesota 155........................................... .3 86 .2 194 2.3

Mississippi 38........................................................ – 35 – 66 .8

Missouri 180.......................................................... .4 21 – 37 .4Kansas City, MO~KS MSA (MO part) 30................................ – S S S SSt Louis, MO~IL MSA (MO part) 110..................................... .2 7 – 15 .2Remainder of Missouri 41............................................. – 11 – 18 .2

Montana 6.......................................................... – 6 – 9 .1

Nebraska 114.......................................................... .2 58 .1 107 1.2

Nevada 180........................................................... .4 S S S SLas Vegas, NV~AZ MSA (NV part) 75.................................. .2 S S S SRemainder of Nevada 105............................................. .2 9 – 5 –

New Hampshire 129.................................................... .3 S S 32 .4


20 SAN DIEGO, CA MSA TRANSPORTATIONmCFSU.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Apr. 21, 2000

Table 8. Inbound Shipment Characteristics by Origin for Metropolitan Area: 1997mCon.[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

State, metropolitan area, remainder of state of origin





New Jersey 852........................................................ 1.8 48 .1 134 1.6New York~Northern New Jersey~Long Island, NY~NJ~CT~PA CMSA (NJpart) 818........................................................... 1.7 41 – 116 1.4

Philadelphia, PA~NJ PMSA (NJ part) 19................................ – 2 – 7 –Remainder of New Jersey S......................................... S S S S S

New Mexico 58....................................................... .1 2 – 1 –

New York 861......................................................... 1.8 S S S SBuffalo~Niagara Falls, NY MSA 45..................................... .1 4 – 11 .1New York~Northern New Jersey~Long Island, NY~NJ~CT~PA CMSA (NYpart) 601........................................................... 1.3 21 – 59 .7

Rochester, NY MSA 61............................................... .1 1 – 4 –Remainder of New York 154........................................... .3 S S S S

North Carolina 474..................................................... 1.0 39 – 96 1.1Charlotte~Gastonia~Rock Hill, NC~SC MSA (NC part) 154.................. .3 15 – 36 .4Greensboro~Winston~Salem~High Point, NC MSA 52..................... .1 6 – 17 .2Raleigh~Durham~Chapel Hill, NC MSA 89............................... .2 1 – 3 –Remainder of North Carolina 179....................................... .4 16 – 40 .5

North Dakota S...................................................... S S S S S

Ohio 1 255.............................................................. 2.7 248 .6 589 6.9Cincinnati~Hamilton, OH~KY~IN CMSA (OH part) 93...................... .2 9 – 19 .2Cleveland~Akron, OH CMSA 221....................................... .5 29 – 71 .8Columbus, OH MSA 207............................................... .4 S S S SDayton~Springfield, OH MSA 375....................................... .8 71 .2 156 1.8Remainder of Ohio 361................................................ .8 84 .2 214 2.5

Oklahoma 90......................................................... .2 24 – 35 .4Oklahoma City, OK MSA 12.......................................... – S S S SRemainder of Oklahoma 77........................................... .2 21 – 31 .4

Oregon 423........................................................... .9 264 .6 288 3.4Portland~Salem, OR~WA CMSA (OR part) 209............................ .4 117 .3 139 1.6Remainder of Oregon 214............................................. .5 147 .3 149 1.7

Pennsylvania 752...................................................... 1.6 300 .7 808 9.5Philadelphia~Wilmington~Atlantic City, PA~NJ~DE~MD CMSA (PA part) 294... .6 S S S SPittsburgh, PA MSA 60............................................... .1 S S S SRemainder of Pennsylvania 398........................................ .8 128 .3 341 4.0

Rhode Island S...................................................... S 1 – 4 –

South Carolina 261.................................................... .6 53 .1 131 1.5

South Dakota S...................................................... S S S S S

Tennessee 211........................................................ .4 32 – 66 .8Memphis TN~AR~MS MSA (TN part) 38................................. – 5 – 10 .1Nashville, TN MSA 46................................................ .1 7 – 15 .2Remainder of Tennessee 127.......................................... .3 19 – 41 .5

Texas 1 242............................................................. 2.6 257 .6 404 4.7Austin~San Marcos, TX MSA 166....................................... .4 S S S SDallas~Fort Worth, TX CMSA 666....................................... 1.4 26 – 38 .5Houston~Galveston~Brazoria, TX CMSA 86............................. .2 42 .1 65 .8San Antonio, TX MSA S............................................. S S S S SRemainder of Texas 266............................................... .6 180 .4 289 3.4

Utah 262.............................................................. .6 57 .1 45 .5Salt Lake City~Ogden, UT MSA 131..................................... .3 18 – 13 .2Remainder of Utah 131................................................ .3 40 – 32 .4

Vermont S.......................................................... S 1 – 3 –

Virginia 166........................................................... .4 17 – 43 .5Norfolk~Virginia Beach~Newport News, VA~NC MSA (VA part) 40.......... – S S S SWashington, DC~MD~VA~WV PMSA (VA part) 26........................ – S S S SRemainder of Virginia 100............................................. .2 9 – 24 .3

Washington 761....................................................... 1.6 188 .4 245 2.9Seattle~Tacoma~Bremerton, WA CMSA 672.............................. 1.4 148 .3 197 2.3Remainder of Washington 89......................................... .2 40 – 49 .6

West Virginia 19...................................................... – 30 – 86 1.0

Wisconsin 415......................................................... .9 58 .1 123 1.4Milwaukee~Racine, WI CMSA 114...................................... .2 12 – 25 .3Remainder of Wisconsin 300........................................... .6 46 .1 98 1.2

Wyoming 1.......................................................... – S S S S



Note: Exports are included in the geographic destination containing the port of exit or border crossing (final domestic destination).

TRANSPORTATIONmCFS SAN DIEGO, CA MSA 21U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Apr. 21, 2000

Appendix A.Comparability With the 1993 Commodity Flow Survey

The Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) restores a data pro-gram on commodity flows that the Census Bureau con-ducted as a part of its 5-year economic census programfrom 1963 through 1977. The CFS was first conducted in

1993. For the 1997 CFS, the Census Bureau incorporatedimprovements identified from the evaluation of previoussurveys and additional research. The following tableshows a comparison of the 1993 and 1997 surveys.

Item 1993 1997

1. Industry coverage Manufacturers (minor exceptions) Manufacturers (minor exceptions)

Mining (except mining services and oil andgas extraction)

Mining (except mining services)

All wholesale All wholesale

Video tape distributers

Catalog mail-order houses Catalog mail-order houses

Auxiliaries (e.g., warehouses) Auxiliaries (e.g., warehouses)

2. Commodity classificationsystem

Standard Transportation CommodityClassification (STCC), developed bythe American Association of Railroads (AAR).

Standard Classification of Transported Goods(SCTG).

3. Sample size Approximately 200,000 establishments wereselected from a universe of about 800,000in-scope establishments on the 1992Standard Statistical Establishment List (SSEL).

Approximately 100,000 establishments wereselected from a universe of about 800,000in-scope establishments on the 1995Standard Statistical Establishment List (SSEL).

4. Survey methodology Respondents took a sample of theirindividual outbound shipments for a 2-weekperiod during each of the four calendarquarters of 1993.

Respondents took a sample of their individualoutbound shipments for a 1-week periodduring each of the four calendar quarters of1997.

Respondents reported key characteristics foreach sampled shipment.

Respondents reported key characteristics foreach sampled shipment.

5. Reported mode oftransportation

Rail Rail

For-hire truck For-hire truck

Private truck Private truck

Air Air

Inland water and/or Great Lakes Shallow draft vessel

Deep sea water Deep draft vessel

Pipeline Pipeline

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier

Other Other

Unknown Unknown

APPENDIX A A–1TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY


Item 1993 1997

6. Data items requested onquestionnaire

For each shipment: For each shipment:

Total value Total value

Total weight Total weight

Major commodity (STCC) Major commodity (SCTG)

All modes of transportation All modes of transportation

Multiple origins (respondents specificallyrequested to report all shipment origins forthe sampled establishment and report theappropriate origin for each shipment; assumedto always be the mailing address if no otherorigins listed).

Single origin (assumed to be the mailingaddress unless the respondent provided adifferent physical location address).

Destination Destination

Containerized (Y/N) Containerized (Y/N)

Hazardous material (Y/N) Hazardous material (UN/NA codes)

Export (Y/N) Export (Y/N)

If export, mode of export, foreign country, andcity of destination.

If export, mode of export, foreign country,andcity of destination.

A–2 APPENDIX A TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY


Appendix B.Reliability of the Estimates

An estimate based on a sample survey potentially con-tains two types of errors—sampling and nonsampling.Sampling error occurs because characteristics differamong sampling units and because only a subset of theentire population is measured in a sample survey. Non-sampling error encompasses all other factors that contrib-ute to the total error of a sample survey estimate. Theaccuracy of a survey result may be affected by these twotypes of errors.

Sampling and nonsampling errors are often measuredby the quantities, bias and variance. The bias of an esti-mator of an unknown population value is the difference,averaged over all possible samples of the same size anddesign, between the estimator and the unknown popula-tion value. Any systematic error, or inaccuracy that affectsall samples of a specified design in a similar way, may biasthe resulting estimates. Variance is the squared difference,averaged over all possible samples of the same size anddesign, between an estimator and its average value.Descriptions of sampling and nonsampling errors for the1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) are provided in thefollowing sections.

SAMPLING ERROR

Because the estimates are based on a sample, exactagreement with the results that would be obtained from acomplete enumeration of all the shipments made in 1997from all establishments included on the CFS samplingframe is not expected. However, because probability sam-pling was used at each stage of selection, it is possible toestimate the sampling variability of the survey estimates.For CFS estimates, sampling variability arises from each ofthe three stages of sampling. (See Appendix C for adescription of the sample design.)

The particular sample used in this survey is one of alarge number of samples of the same size and design thatcould have been selected. If all possible samples had beensurveyed, under the same conditions, an estimate of anunknown population value could have been obtained fromeach sample. The estimates obtained from these samplesgive rise to a distribution of estimates for the unknownpopulation value. A statistical measure of the variabilityamong these estimates is the standard error, which can beapproximated from any one sample. The coefficient ofvariation (or relative standard error) of an estimate is thestandard error of the estimate divided by the estimate.Measures of sampling variability, such as the standarderror or coefficient of variation, are estimated from the

sample and are also subject to sampling variability. (Tech-nically, we should refer to the estimated standard error orthe estimated coefficient of variation of an estimator. How-ever, we have omitted this detail for the sake of brevity.) Itis important to note that the standard error and coefficientof variation only measure sampling variability. They donot measure any biases in the estimates. All coefficients ofvariation are expressed as percents. Standard errors forthe corresponding percentage estimates are also provided.

An estimate of an unknown population value and itsapproximate standard error can be used to construct aconfidence interval. A confidence interval is a range abouta given estimator that has a specified probability, or confi-dence, of containing the unknown population value. If, foreach possible sample, an estimate of an unknown popula-tion value and the estimate’s approximate standard errorwere obtained, then:

1. For approximately 90 percent of the possible samples,the interval from 1.65 standard errors below to 1.65standard errors above the estimate would include theunknown population value.

2. For approximately 95 percent of the possible samples,the interval from two standard errors below to twostandard errors above the estimate would include theunknown population value.

NONSAMPLING ERROR

Nonsampling error encompasses all other factors thatcontribute to the total error of a sample survey estimateand may also occur in censuses. It is often helpful to thinkof nonsampling error as arising from deficiencies or mis-takes in the survey process. In the CFS, nonsampling errorcan be attributed to many sources: (1) nonresponse, (2)response errors, (3) differences in the interpretation of thequestions, (4) mistakes in coding or keying the dataobtained, and (5) other errors of collection, response, cov-erage, and processing. Although no direct measurement ofthe potential biases because of nonsampling error hasbeen obtained, precautionary steps were taken in allphases of the collection, processing, and tabulation of thedata in an effort to minimize its influence.

A potentially large source of bias in the estimates is dueto nonresponse. Nonresponse is defined as the inability toobtain all the intended measurements or responses fromall the selected establishments. Four levels of nonre-sponse can occur in the CFS: item, shipment, quarter(reporting week), and establishment. Item nonresponse

APPENDIX B B–1TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY


occurs either when a question is unanswered or theresponse to the question fails computer or analyst edits.Item nonresponse is corrected by imputation. (Imputationis the procedure by which a missing value is replaced by apredicted value obtained from an appropriate model.)Shipment, quarter, and establishment nonresponse areused to describe the inability to obtain sufficient informa-tion about a sampled shipment, quarter, or establishment,respectively, that prevents it from contributing to tabula-tions. Shipment and quarter nonresponse are correctedduring the estimation procedure by reweighting.Reweighting allocates characteristics to the nonrespon-dents in proportion to the characteristics observed for therespondents. The amount of bias introduced by this non-response adjustment procedure depends on the extent towhich the nonrespondents differ, characteristically, fromthe respondents. Establishment nonresponse is correctedduring the estimation procedure by the SIC-level adjust-ment weight. (See Appendix C for a description of the esti-mation procedure.) In most cases of establishment nonre-sponse, none of the four questionnaires have been

returned to the Census Bureau, after several attempts toelicit a response. Approximately 67 percent of thesampled establishments provided at least one quarter ofdata that contributed to tabulations.

Some possible sources of bias that are attributed torespondent-conducted sampling include misunderstandingthe definition of a shipment, constructing an incompleteframe of shipments from which to sample, ordering theshipment sampling frame by selected shipment character-istics, and selecting shipment records by a method otherthan the one specified in the questionnaire’s instructions.We often contacted respondents who reported shipmentshaving atypically large value or weight when compared tothe rest of their reported shipments. Upon contact, if weare able to collect information on all of a given respon-dent’s large shipments made either for a particular report-ing week or for the entire quarter, then we identify theselarge shipments as certainty shipments. (See Appendix Cfor a description of how certainty shipments are used inthe estimation process.)

B–2 APPENDIX B TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY


Table B–1. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation forMetropolitan Area of Origin: 1997

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text]



Coefficient ofvariation of

numberStandard errorof percentage





Average milesper shipmentm

coefficient ofvariation

All modes 13.0...................................................... – 15.8 – 37.8 – 9.8

Single modes 17.4..................................................... 4.0 16.1 1.4 44.8 6.9 21.5

Truck 19.2................................................................... 4.5 16.1 1.5 46.7 7.7 30.2Rail 45.2.................................................................... .2 32.6 – 32.9 1.2 18.5All other single modes 19.0.................................................... 1.0 S S 27.6 .8 6.7

Multiple modes 13.4................................................... 3.0 13.9 .4 16.4 2.5 6.4

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier 13.7....................................... 3.0 14.6 .4 18.5 2.3 6.4All other multiple modes 42.2................................................... .1 35.7 – 34.0 .5 16.2

Other and unknown modes S........................................ S 23.5 1.0 39.4 5.4 28.4



Note: For description of development and uses of measures of reliability, see Appendix B, Reliability of the Estimates.

Table B–2. Measures of Reliability for Inbound Shipment Characteristics by Mode ofTransportation for Metropolitan Area of Destination: 1997












All modes 4.7...................................................... – 11.4 – 6.7 – 7.2

Single modes 6.2..................................................... 1.9 11.6 .5 6.3 3.4 10.5

Truck 6.1................................................................... 1.9 11.7 .5 7.1 2.6 7.4Rail 16.8.................................................................... .2 17.4 .4 14.8 2.2 8.2All other single modes 17.5.................................................... .8 28.0 – 47.6 .6 5.0

Multiple modes 8.5................................................... 1.6 13.1 .3 16.7 1.2 5.6

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier 8.7....................................... 1.5 6.9 – 9.6 .4 5.6All other multiple modes 17.5................................................... .3 24.6 .2 25.4 1.1 9.9

Other and unknown modes 13.8........................................ .6 15.9 .3 36.0 3.8 30.8




TRANSPORTATIONmCFS SAN DIEGO, CA MSA APPENDIX B B–3U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Mar. 1, 2000

Table B–3. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation andDistance Shipped for Metropolitan Area of Origin: 1997




Coefficient ofvariation of number

Standard error ofpercentage





All modes 13.0....................................... – 15.8 – 37.8 –

Less than 50 miles 5.9.......................................... 4.0 16.8 2.5 19.4 4.050 to 99 miles 13.6.............................................. 1.2 25.0 .7 27.3 1.3100 to 249 miles 39.8............................................ 3.2 26.3 .7 26.9 .7250 to 499 miles 10.1............................................ .9 24.4 .2 26.0 1.8500 to 749 miles 31.4............................................ .5 19.3 – 18.5 .1

750 to 999 miles 9.2............................................ .2 24.9 – 25.3 .51,000 to 1,499 miles 29.5........................................ 1.6 49.2 .5 47.5 1.81,500 to 1,999 miles 34.6........................................ 3.2 15.5 .5 15.4 5.12,000 miles or more 38.5......................................... 3.4 S S S S

Single modes 17.4...................................... – 16.1 – 44.8 –

Less than 50 miles 6.4.......................................... 5.6 16.9 2.2 19.5 5.450 to 99 miles 15.1.............................................. 1.7 26.5 .7 28.9 1.6100 to 249 miles 27.4............................................ 1.2 28.4 .6 29.2 .8250 to 499 miles 10.9............................................ 1.0 31.0 .2 32.5 2.0500 to 749 miles S............................................ S 28.6 – 28.5 –

750 to 999 miles 22.3............................................ .2 35.7 – 35.6 .41,000 to 1,499 miles 38.6........................................ 2.0 S S S S1,500 to 1,999 miles 44.6........................................ 4.2 19.7 .3 19.8 5.82,000 miles or more S......................................... S S S S S

Truck 19.2............................................... – 16.1 – 46.7 –

Less than 50 miles 6.4.......................................... 6.7 16.9 2.0 19.5 6.050 to 99 miles 16.7.............................................. 2.3 27.0 .7 29.6 1.8100 to 249 miles 26.2............................................ 1.3 18.7 .6 18.7 1.1250 to 499 miles 10.7............................................ 1.0 31.4 .2 33.4 2.4500 to 749 miles S............................................ S 29.8 – 30.1 .1

750 to 999 miles 23.3............................................ .1 38.0 – 37.9 .41,000 to 1,499 miles 49.5........................................ 2.5 S S S S1,500 to 1,999 miles S........................................ S 24.6 .3 25.3 5.32,000 miles or more S......................................... S S S S S

Rail 45.2................................................. – 32.6 – 32.9 –

Less than 50 miles –.......................................... – – – – –50 to 99 miles –.............................................. – – – – –100 to 249 miles –............................................ – – – – –250 to 499 miles –............................................ – – – – –500 to 749 miles –............................................ – – – – –

750 to 999 miles –............................................ – – – – –1,000 to 1,499 miles S........................................ S S S S S1,500 to 1,999 miles 48.4........................................ 9.2 36.8 8.4 36.4 8.52,000 miles or more S......................................... S S S S S

All other single modes 19.0............................... – S S 27.6 –

Less than 50 miles S.......................................... S S S S S50 to 99 miles 22.4.............................................. 4.4 47.7 9.8 48.2 2.2100 to 249 miles 38.1............................................ 4.0 S S S S250 to 499 miles 47.0............................................ 3.1 S S S S500 to 749 miles S............................................ S S S S S

750 to 999 miles 26.9............................................ .9 S S S S1,000 to 1,499 miles 46.4........................................ 5.0 32.4 4.4 30.1 3.51,500 to 1,999 miles 21.5........................................ 4.3 40.9 6.6 39.7 7.92,000 miles or more 18.3......................................... 4.6 27.9 6.6 28.1 7.7

Multiple modes 13.4.................................... – 13.9 – 16.4 –

Less than 50 miles 19.1.......................................... 1.3 21.4 2.0 18.7 –50 to 99 miles 25.5.............................................. 1.2 16.6 .9 16.8 –100 to 249 miles 32.6............................................ 1.4 26.5 1.3 25.1 .2250 to 499 miles 20.9............................................ 2.2 14.4 1.6 16.1 .7500 to 749 miles 31.3............................................ .8 23.1 .8 23.4 .6

750 to 999 miles 13.8............................................ .5 23.2 .8 26.4 .81,000 to 1,499 miles 22.6........................................ 1.1 15.5 1.2 16.0 1.21,500 to 1,999 miles 10.6........................................ 1.9 16.8 2.6 16.9 4.02,000 miles or more 17.5......................................... 2.4 25.1 2.4 25.6 3.8

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier 13.7................. – 14.6 – 18.5 –

Less than 50 miles 19.1.......................................... 1.3 21.3 3.1 18.4 –50 to 99 miles 25.5.............................................. 1.2 16.6 1.0 16.8 .1100 to 249 miles 32.6............................................ 1.4 26.5 1.4 25.1 .2250 to 499 miles 21.0............................................ 2.2 13.0 1.5 13.5 .7500 to 749 miles 32.0............................................ .8 24.0 .6 24.7 .4

750 to 999 miles 14.1............................................ .5 20.3 .7 19.9 .71,000 to 1,499 miles 22.7........................................ 1.1 15.5 1.3 15.6 1.31,500 to 1,999 miles 11.2........................................ 1.7 18.5 2.5 18.4 3.62,000 miles or more 17.7......................................... 2.4 28.0 2.6 28.7 4.3

All other multiple modes 42.2............................. – 35.7 – 34.0 –

Less than 50 miles S.......................................... S S S S S50 to 99 miles –.............................................. – – – – –100 to 249 miles –............................................ – – – – –250 to 499 miles S............................................ S S S S S500 to 749 miles S............................................ S S S S S

750 to 999 miles S............................................ S S S S S1,000 to 1,499 miles S........................................ S S S S S1,500 to 1,999 miles S........................................ S S S S S2,000 miles or more 39.3......................................... 14.3 40.8 14.4 38.0 13.4


B–4 APPENDIX B SAN DIEGO, CA MSA TRANSPORTATIONmCFSU.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Mar. 1, 2000

Table B–3. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation andDistance Shipped for Metropolitan Area of Origin: 1997mCon.










Other and unknown modes S......................... S 23.5 – 39.4 –

Less than 50 miles 28.1.......................................... 6.9 30.5 6.8 27.4 .450 to 99 miles 25.5.............................................. 5.5 35.8 2.3 38.4 .8100 to 249 miles S............................................ S 28.2 4.2 25.3 1.9250 to 499 miles 35.3............................................ 2.3 37.7 2.9 37.1 4.1500 to 749 miles 49.6............................................ .9 S S S S

750 to 999 miles 35.9............................................ .4 S S S S1,000 to 1,499 miles S........................................ S S S S S1,500 to 1,999 miles 38.5........................................ 3.7 44.7 4.2 44.6 8.92,000 miles or more 21.1......................................... 1.4 36.1 2.8 36.1 7.7





Table B–4. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation andShipment Size for Metropolitan Area of Origin: 1997












All modes 13.0.................................................... – 15.8 – 37.8 – 9.8

Less than 50 lb 11.9.......................................................... 2.8 8.8 .3 20.4 1.6 8.550 to 99 lb 13.8.............................................................. .6 11.0 .2 23.1 .7 14.9100 to 499 lb 10.3............................................................ 1.4 13.0 1.0 15.3 1.4 16.5500 to 749 lb 17.0............................................................ .9 16.5 .3 26.6 .4 23.2750 to 999 lb 11.1............................................................ .4 14.6 .2 23.2 .3 19.4

1,000 to 9,999 lb 29.9......................................................... 4.5 22.2 3.8 S S 25.610,000 to 49,999 lb 28.1....................................................... 2.8 22.1 4.0 13.9 4.4 27.350,000 to 99,999 lb 22.4....................................................... 1.3 25.5 5.1 27.7 4.8 S100,000 lb or more 18.0....................................................... – S S S S S

Single modes 17.4................................................... – 16.1 – 44.8 – 21.5

Less than 50 lb 16.7.......................................................... 2.0 8.0 .1 21.7 .6 28.050 to 99 lb 20.4.............................................................. .9 12.8 .2 17.2 .4 18.4100 to 499 lb 12.0............................................................ 2.7 13.3 1.0 20.1 1.4 27.1500 to 749 lb 18.7............................................................ 1.0 16.8 .3 27.8 .4 26.4750 to 999 lb 13.7............................................................ .5 14.3 .2 19.9 .3 20.1

1,000 to 9,999 lb 36.2......................................................... 4.9 23.4 3.9 S S 27.610,000 to 49,999 lb 28.7....................................................... 3.4 22.4 4.0 16.2 5.9 25.850,000 to 99,999 lb 22.9....................................................... 1.9 25.9 5.2 32.5 4.4 12.6100,000 lb or more 17.9....................................................... – S S S S S

Truck 19.2............................................................ – 16.1 – 46.7 – 30.2

Less than 50 lb 20.4.......................................................... 1.7 8.6 .1 24.0 .3 37.150 to 99 lb 14.7.............................................................. .7 13.3 .1 21.7 .3 20.4100 to 499 lb 11.1............................................................ 2.8 13.5 1.0 23.9 1.1 33.5500 to 749 lb 13.9............................................................ .8 16.3 .3 29.1 .4 30.1750 to 999 lb 13.9............................................................ .4 14.7 .2 20.3 .4 19.1

1,000 to 9,999 lb 36.5......................................................... 4.9 23.1 4.0 S S 28.410,000 to 49,999 lb 30.0....................................................... 3.7 22.5 4.1 16.8 6.3 27.850,000 to 99,999 lb 23.2....................................................... 2.2 26.1 5.2 34.4 5.2 13.5100,000 lb or more 19.8....................................................... – S S S S S

Rail 45.2.............................................................. – 32.6 – 32.9 – 18.5

Less than 50 lb –.......................................................... – – – – – –50 to 99 lb –.............................................................. – – – – – –100 to 499 lb –............................................................ – – – – – –500 to 749 lb –............................................................ – – – – – –750 to 999 lb –............................................................ – – – – – –

1,000 to 9,999 lb S......................................................... S S S S S 27.910,000 to 49,999 lb S....................................................... S 43.9 12.7 44.0 12.6 23.850,000 to 99,999 lb –....................................................... – – – – – –100,000 lb or more S....................................................... S S S S S 27.9

All other single modes 19.0............................................ – S S 27.6 – 6.7

Less than 50 lb 16.3.......................................................... 6.9 29.1 3.3 32.2 5.4 6.950 to 99 lb 48.9.............................................................. 2.5 38.1 1.9 34.5 2.0 6.8100 to 499 lb 39.2............................................................ 5.2 27.9 9.0 24.5 6.0 12.4500 to 749 lb S............................................................ S S S S S 14.5750 to 999 lb S............................................................ S S S 41.3 3.2 39.2

1,000 to 9,999 lb 32.7......................................................... 4.2 S S 38.8 9.8 34.310,000 to 49,999 lb S....................................................... S S S S S 33.950,000 to 99,999 lb S....................................................... S S S S S 31.6100,000 lb or more –....................................................... – – – – – –

Multiple modes 13.4................................................. – 13.9 – 16.4 – 6.4

Less than 50 lb 15.2.......................................................... 2.7 16.5 3.2 21.5 4.3 6.750 to 99 lb 12.6.............................................................. 1.1 17.8 1.4 25.9 1.6 7.9100 to 499 lb 17.4............................................................ 1.5 16.2 2.3 17.6 2.6 5.6500 to 749 lb 34.5............................................................ .8 23.1 .8 38.5 1.3 16.9750 to 999 lb 33.9............................................................ .9 32.1 1.3 40.9 1.9 15.2

1,000 to 9,999 lb 46.8......................................................... .1 S S 48.2 1.0 19.910,000 to 49,999 lb 50.0....................................................... .5 41.8 3.0 43.1 4.8 24.150,000 to 99,999 lb S....................................................... S S S S S 31.6100,000 lb or more –....................................................... – – – – – –

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier 13.7............................... – 14.6 – 18.5 – 6.4

Less than 50 lb 15.2.......................................................... 2.6 16.6 4.0 21.5 4.1 6.750 to 99 lb 12.6.............................................................. 1.1 17.8 1.3 25.9 1.3 7.9100 to 499 lb 17.4............................................................ 1.5 16.2 2.2 17.6 2.6 5.6500 to 749 lb 34.6............................................................ .8 22.6 .9 37.8 1.5 16.9750 to 999 lb 36.4............................................................ .9 36.7 1.2 45.8 1.5 16.7

1,000 to 9,999 lb S......................................................... S S S S S 31.610,000 to 49,999 lb –....................................................... – – – – – –50,000 to 99,999 lb –....................................................... – – – – – –100,000 lb or more –....................................................... – – – – – –

All other multiple modes 42.2.......................................... – 35.7 – 34.0 – 16.2

Less than 50 lb S.......................................................... S S S S S 29.950 to 99 lb S.............................................................. S S S S S 30.7100 to 499 lb S............................................................ S S S S S 28.7500 to 749 lb S............................................................ S S S S S 31.6750 to 999 lb S............................................................ S S S S S 27.9

1,000 to 9,999 lb 49.1......................................................... 9.8 S S 48.2 11.1 19.810,000 to 49,999 lb 50.0....................................................... 12.7 41.8 13.0 43.1 13.0 24.150,000 to 99,999 lb S....................................................... S S S S S 31.6100,000 lb or more –....................................................... – – – – – –



Table B–4. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation andShipment Size for Metropolitan Area of Origin: 1997mCon.












Other and unknown modes S...................................... S 23.5 – 39.4 – 28.4

Less than 50 lb 25.0.......................................................... 6.3 20.3 1.8 34.5 .5 33.850 to 99 lb 42.1.............................................................. 1.9 24.0 .4 31.1 .1 43.6100 to 499 lb 36.9............................................................ 4.1 26.4 1.2 44.3 2.4 23.5500 to 749 lb 44.9............................................................ .3 34.7 .6 43.7 .3 48.5750 to 999 lb 32.7............................................................ .2 47.6 .2 S S 36.9

1,000 to 9,999 lb S......................................................... S 27.7 6.2 48.5 8.8 21.210,000 to 49,999 lb 25.0....................................................... 3.8 28.5 4.6 45.5 7.8 32.550,000 to 99,999 lb 48.3....................................................... .7 S S S S 30.2100,000 lb or more S....................................................... S S S S S 33.7





Table B–5. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Commodity Group forMetropolitan Area of Origin: 1997


SCTGcodes Commodity code group description










Total 13.0................................................... – 15.8 – 37.8 – 9.8

01~05 Agricultural products and fish 33.5...................................... .6 28.6 2.7 20.8 1.0 S06~09 Grains, alcohol, and tobacco products 16.9............................... 1.1 26.8 2.5 35.5 1.6 27.710~14 Stone, Nonmetallic minerals, and metallic ores 23.3....................... – 27.6 6.2 35.4 2.5 S15~20 Coal and petroleum products 18.8...................................... 1.3 26.5 4.4 25.6 2.1 S21~24 Pharmaceutical and chemical products 11.1.............................. .7 29.5 .4 S S 12.825~30 Wood products, and textiles and leather 6.8............................. 1.3 25.5 1.4 23.4 2.6 11.1

31~34 Base metal and machinery 10.8........................................ 1.2 36.8 5.0 27.6 6.5 31.235~38 Electronics, motorized vehicles, and precision instruments 25.2............. 5.9 S S S S 13.639~43 Furniture and miscellaneous manufactured products 28.2.................. 4.4 19.9 .7 20.5 6.6 9.9– Commodity unknown 27.5.............................................. .1 37.5 – 40.7 .3 26.0





Table B–6. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Commodity Group andMode of Transportation for Metropolitan Area of Origin: 1997












ALL COMMODITIES

All modes 13.0............................................ – 15.8 – 37.8 – 9.8

Single modes 17.4........................................... 4.0 16.1 1.4 44.8 6.9 21.5

Truck1 19.2........................................................ 4.5 16.1 1.5 46.7 7.7 30.2Rail 45.2.......................................................... .2 32.6 – 32.9 1.2 18.5All other single modes 19.0.......................................... 1.0 S S 27.6 .8 6.7

Multiple modes 13.4......................................... 3.0 13.9 .4 16.4 2.5 6.4

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier 13.7............................. 3.0 14.6 .4 18.5 2.3 6.4All other multiple modes 42.2......................................... .1 35.7 – 34.0 .5 16.2

Other and unknown modes S.............................. S 23.5 1.0 39.4 5.4 28.4

SCTG 01~05, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AND FISH

All modes 33.5............................................ – 28.6 – 20.8 – S

Single modes 35.9........................................... 10.2 29.9 10.3 21.9 10.8 S

Truck1 37.4........................................................ 10.2 29.9 10.3 21.8 11.2 SRail –.......................................................... – – – – – –All other single modes 44.0.......................................... 2.9 47.1 .4 49.1 5.5 27.3

Multiple modes S......................................... S S S S S 26.2

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier S............................. S S S S S 26.2All other multiple modes –......................................... – – – – – –

Other and unknown modes S.............................. S S S S S 31.4

SCTG 06~09, GRAINS, ALCOHOL, AND TOBACCOPRODUCTS

All modes 16.9............................................ – 26.8 – 35.5 – 27.7

Single modes 16.8........................................... .4 26.8 .1 35.7 1.0 20.0

Truck1 16.8........................................................ .4 26.8 .1 35.7 1.0 20.0Rail –.......................................................... – – – – – –All other single modes S.......................................... S S S S S 29.8

Multiple modes 47.4......................................... .2 46.6 – 49.5 1.0 17.5

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier 47.4............................. .2 46.6 – 49.5 1.0 17.5All other multiple modes –......................................... – – – – – –

Other and unknown modes S.............................. S S S 41.4 – S

SCTG 10~14, STONE, NONMETALLIC MINERALS, ANDMETALLIC ORES

All modes 23.3............................................ – 27.6 – 35.4 – S

Single modes 28.1........................................... 12.2 27.6 6.2 35.9 9.1 10.7

Truck1 28.1........................................................ 12.2 27.6 6.2 35.9 9.1 10.7Rail –.......................................................... – – – – – –All other single modes –.......................................... – – – – – –




SCTG 15~20, COAL AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

All modes 18.8............................................ – 26.5 – 25.6 – S

Single modes 19.6........................................... 1.7 26.7 .4 25.6 .4 S

Truck1 19.6........................................................ 1.9 26.7 .4 25.6 .5 SRail –.......................................................... – – – – – –All other single modes 35.0.......................................... .2 44.5 – 45.3 .2 21.7

Multiple modes 46.0......................................... 1.2 S S S S S

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier 46.0............................. 1.2 S S S S SAll other multiple modes –......................................... – – – – – –

Other and unknown modes 46.2.............................. 1.2 S S S S S



Table B–6. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Commodity Group andMode of Transportation for Metropolitan Area of Origin: 1997mCon.












SCTG 21~24, PHARMACEUTICAL AND CHEMICALPRODUCTS

All modes 11.1............................................ – 29.5 – S S 12.8

Single modes 14.9........................................... 4.1 32.5 5.9 S S 38.5

Truck1 19.9........................................................ 6.3 32.8 6.1 S S 33.4Rail –.......................................................... – – – – – –All other single modes 42.0.......................................... 5.3 49.1 .8 46.8 4.1 5.4

Multiple modes 19.3......................................... 3.1 21.2 2.0 26.0 4.4 14.8

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier 19.4............................. 3.1 21.3 2.0 25.9 4.4 14.8All other multiple modes S......................................... S S S S S 31.8

Other and unknown modes 20.6.............................. 2.1 34.2 4.7 S S S

SCTG 25~30, WOOD PRODUCTS, AND TEXTILES ANDLEATHER

All modes 6.8............................................ – 25.5 – 23.4 – 11.1

Single modes 9.4........................................... 2.6 27.5 7.0 31.6 8.8 49.3

Truck1 9.3........................................................ 2.4 27.5 7.0 31.3 8.5 SRail –.......................................................... – – – – – –All other single modes 47.7.......................................... .5 S S S S 16.1

Multiple modes 9.5......................................... 1.8 19.6 .7 16.9 5.2 5.6

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier 9.5............................. 1.8 19.2 .6 16.2 5.2 5.6All other multiple modes S......................................... S S S S S 29.8

Other and unknown modes 30.1.............................. 2.2 S S S S 27.9

SCTG 31~34, BASE METAL AND MACHINERY

All modes 10.8............................................ – 36.8 – 27.6 – 31.2

Single modes 13.7........................................... 3.6 38.7 3.1 39.9 9.8 44.5

Truck1 14.0........................................................ 3.9 40.0 4.8 42.0 9.6 SRail S.......................................................... S S S S S 26.0All other single modes 29.8.......................................... 2.6 S S S S 13.7

Multiple modes 28.5......................................... 3.2 24.6 .1 33.8 1.0 17.5

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier 28.5............................. 3.2 24.6 .1 33.8 1.0 17.5All other multiple modes –......................................... – – – – – –

Other and unknown modes 18.3.............................. 1.4 31.2 3.1 S S S

SCTG 35~38, ELECTRONICS, MOTORIZED VEHICLES,AND PRECISION INSTRUMENTS

All modes 25.2............................................ – S S S S 13.6

Single modes 34.1........................................... 5.9 S S S S 31.1

Truck1 38.3........................................................ 6.8 S S S S 45.6Rail S.......................................................... S S S S S 29.9All other single modes 29.2.......................................... 1.7 23.7 1.0 30.2 3.0 9.2

Multiple modes 15.6......................................... 4.9 28.6 5.1 36.8 8.0 6.6

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier 15.8............................. 4.9 30.0 5.1 39.4 8.0 6.6All other multiple modes S......................................... S S S S S 29.9

Other and unknown modes S.............................. S 22.1 3.4 32.4 3.1 32.1

SCTG 39~43, FURNITURE AND MISCELLANEOUSMANUFACTURED PRODUCTS

All modes 28.2............................................ – 19.9 – 20.5 – 9.9

Single modes 25.1........................................... 4.5 20.8 3.0 21.7 3.7 21.5

Truck1 26.2........................................................ 4.7 22.2 5.8 24.1 6.4 25.3Rail S.......................................................... S S S S S 25.8All other single modes 36.7.......................................... 1.5 S S S S 16.6

Multiple modes 33.8......................................... 5.0 27.3 3.0 28.1 3.7 8.2

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier 34.3............................. 5.1 28.0 2.6 29.6 3.0 8.2All other multiple modes 40.3......................................... .5 40.4 1.0 40.0 2.2 20.3

Other and unknown modes 24.2.............................. 1.3 25.6 .6 28.1 .7 24.8



Table B–6. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Commodity Group andMode of Transportation for Metropolitan Area of Origin: 1997mCon.












COMMODITY UNKNOWN

All modes 27.5............................................ – 37.5 – 40.7 – 26.0

Single modes 25.5........................................... 4.1 39.3 3.1 46.0 11.6 S

Truck1 22.1........................................................ 12.9 39.6 8.9 47.6 11.3 SRail –.......................................................... – – – – – –All other single modes S.......................................... S S S S S 30.1








Table B–7. Measures of Reliability for Outbound Shipment Characteristics by Destination forMetropolitan Area: 1997





numberStandard error of

percentage



percentage



percentage

Total 13.0...................................................... – 15.8 – 37.8 –

Alabama 24.3.......................................................... .1 S S 49.9 .3

Alaska 26.6............................................................ – S S S S

Arizona 13.8........................................................... .2 24.6 .1 29.6 .2Phoenix~Mesa, AZ MSA 17.4........................................... .2 42.7 .1 44.2 .2Remainder of Arizona 15.2............................................. – 29.7 – 25.2 .1

Arkansas S.......................................................... S S S S S

California 11.7......................................................... 5.7 16.3 1.9 16.6 6.2Los Angeles~Riverside~Orange County, CA CMSA 26.5.................... 3.7 38.3 2.9 26.5 2.4Sacramento~Yolo, CA CMSA 28.1....................................... .1 27.8 – 28.0 .1San Diego, CA MSA 6.0.............................................. 3.9 17.4 3.3 19.6 3.6San Francisco~Oakland~San Jose, CA CMSA 16.9........................ .8 42.7 .2 43.8 1.5Remainder of California 21.3............................................ .4 14.2 .2 24.2 .8

Colorado 16.8.......................................................... .2 31.5 – 30.6 .3Denver~Boulder~Greeley, CO CMSA 17.0................................ .1 35.5 – 34.4 .3Remainder of Colorado 27.9............................................ – 18.3 – 18.1 –

Connecticut 15.3....................................................... – 23.4 – 23.4 .2Hartford, CT NECMA 23.3.............................................. – 34.3 – 32.3 .1Remainder of Connecticut 21.2......................................... – 31.4 – 31.5 .1

Delaware S.......................................................... S 48.9 – 48.6 –

District of Columbia 44.2............................................... – 32.2 – 32.1 –Washington, DC~MD~VA~WV PMSA (DC part) 44.2........................ – 32.2 – 32.1 –

Florida 17.2............................................................ .2 20.9 – 19.2 1.1Jacksonville, FL MSA 24.8............................................. – 39.5 – 40.2 .1Miami~Fort Lauderdale, FL CMSA 20.7................................... – 36.5 – 36.2 .4Orlando, FL MSA 26.4................................................. .1 37.1 – 37.8 .2Tampa~St Petersburg~Clearwater, FL MSA 38.7........................... – 26.1 – 24.7 .4West Palm Beach~Boca Raton, FL MSA 37.9............................. – 30.7 – 30.8 –Remainder of Florida 25.5.............................................. – S S S S

Georgia 15.8........................................................... .3 27.0 – 26.5 .5Atlanta, GA MSA 17.1................................................. .3 33.0 – 32.3 .4Remainder of Georgia 17.1............................................. – 27.0 – 27.1 .2

Hawaii 32.6............................................................ – 45.2 – 45.1 .2

Idaho 50.0............................................................. – 36.0 – 35.4 –

Illinois 13.6............................................................ .3 21.6 – 22.4 1.0Chicago~Gary~Kenosha, IL~IN~WI CMSA (IL part) 12.2..................... .2 23.9 – 24.6 .9St Louis, MO~IL MSA (IL part) S...................................... S 42.6 – 42.5 –Remainder of Illinois 23.3.............................................. – 25.3 – 25.3 –

Indiana 36.4............................................................ .2 23.1 – 23.2 .3Gary, IN PMSA S................................................... S S S S SIndianapolis, IN MSA 34.0.............................................. – 29.3 – 29.2 .2Remainder of Indiana S............................................. S 32.2 – 32.4 .2

Iowa S.............................................................. S 37.2 – 36.2 .2

Kansas 22.0........................................................... – 37.9 – 35.3 .1Kansas City, MO~KS MSA (KS part) 25.8................................. – 33.9 – 33.6 –Remainder of Kansas 30.9............................................. – S S S S

Kentucky S.......................................................... S 35.1 – 34.2 .7Louisville, KY~IN MSA (KY part) S.................................... S S S S SRemainder of Kentucky S............................................ S 45.5 – 44.7 .7

Louisiana 35.7......................................................... .3 S S S SNew Orleans, LA MSA 44.7............................................. .2 S S S SRemainder of Louisiana 33.7........................................... – 40.7 – 40.1 –

Maine 37.9............................................................. – 36.6 – 36.8 –

Maryland 20.5.......................................................... .2 24.9 – 24.8 .4Baltimore, MD PMSA 31.5.............................................. .1 41.4 – 41.1 .2Remainder of Maryland 26.6............................................ .1 35.8 – 35.4 .3

Massachusetts S.................................................... S S S S SBoston~Worcester~Lawrence~Lowell~Brockton, MA~NH NECMA (MApart) 23.6........................................................... .2 22.7 – 23.0 .3

Remainder of Massachusetts S....................................... S S S S S

Michigan 36.3.......................................................... .2 S S S SDetroit~Ann Arbor~Flint, MI CMSA 47.7................................... .2 S S S SGrand Rapids~Muskegon~Holland, MI MSA 26.6........................... – 26.3 – 26.3 –Remainder of Michigan 37.4............................................ – 20.0 – 19.7 –

Minnesota 28.5......................................................... .2 42.5 – 42.2 .6Minneapolis~St Paul, MN~WI MSA (MN part) 32.5.......................... .2 S S S SRemainder of Minnesota 45.4........................................... – 46.1 – 47.0 .1

Mississippi 26.7........................................................ – S S S S

Missouri 45.1.......................................................... .4 26.7 – 27.3 .3Kansas City, MO~KS MSA (MO part) S................................ S S S S SSt Louis, MO~IL MSA (MO part) 42.5..................................... .2 49.8 – S SRemainder of Missouri 22.5............................................. – 38.6 – 37.8 .2

Montana 35.4.......................................................... – S S S S

Nebraska 28.3.......................................................... – 24.2 – 24.8 –

Nevada 32.7........................................................... .1 S S S SLas Vegas, NV~AZ MSA (NV part) 27.0.................................. – S S S SRemainder of Nevada S............................................. S 33.2 – 32.7 –


B–12 APPENDIX B SAN DIEGO, CA MSA TRANSPORTATIONmCFSU.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Apr. 21, 2000

Table B–7. Measures of Reliability for Outbound Shipment Characteristics by Destination forMetropolitan Area: 1997mCon.






percentage



percentage



percentage

New Hampshire 41.9.................................................... .2 S S S S

New Jersey S........................................................ S S S S SNew York~Northern New Jersey~Long Island, NY~NJ~CT~PA CMSA (NJpart) S........................................................... S S S S S

Philadelphia, PA~NJ PMSA (NJ part) 20.0................................ – 30.3 – 30.3 .1Remainder of New Jersey 35.2......................................... – 35.4 – 35.5 –

New Mexico S....................................................... S 25.8 – 25.2 –

New York 41.8......................................................... .7 18.6 – 18.8 .9Buffalo~Niagara Falls, NY MSA S..................................... S S S S SNew York~Northern New Jersey~Long Island, NY~NJ~CT~PA CMSA (NYpart) 10.8........................................................... .2 28.9 – 29.1 .7

Rochester, NY MSA S............................................... S S S S SRemainder of New York 28.2........................................... .1 S S 49.7 .3

North Carolina 20.4..................................................... .1 22.7 – 22.6 .5Charlotte~Gastonia~Rock Hill, NC~SC MSA (NC part) 25.6.................. – 48.5 – 48.9 .4Greensboro~Winston~Salem~High Point, NC MSA S..................... S 33.8 – 33.0 –Raleigh~Durham~Chapel Hill, NC MSA S............................... S 39.9 – 39.9 –Remainder of North Carolina 23.9....................................... – 24.4 – 24.5 .3

North Dakota 40.9...................................................... – S S S S

Ohio 19.8.............................................................. .4 24.0 – 23.7 .5Cincinnati~Hamilton, OH~KY~IN CMSA (OH part) 20.4...................... – 38.3 – 38.3 –Cleveland~Akron, OH CMSA 20.3....................................... – 26.7 – 26.6 .1Columbus, OH MSA 45.4............................................... .4 S S S SDayton~Springfield, OH MSA 22.9....................................... – 40.2 – 41.8 –Remainder of Ohio 22.6................................................ – 31.5 – 32.1 .2

Oklahoma 30.3......................................................... .1 S S S SOklahoma City, OK MSA 31.2.......................................... – 41.9 – 44.2 –Remainder of Oklahoma 41.2........................................... – S S S S

Oregon 15.3........................................................... – 42.5 – 43.4 .2Portland~Salem, OR~WA CMSA (OR part) 15.2............................ – S S S SRemainder of Oregon 28.0............................................. – 30.1 – 29.9 –

Pennsylvania S...................................................... S S S S SPhiladelphia~Wilmington~Atlantic City, PA~NJ~DE~MD CMSA (PA part) 20.3... – 32.5 – 32.4 .2Pittsburgh, PA MSA 28.6............................................... – S S S SRemainder of Pennsylvania S........................................ S S S S S

Rhode Island 30.3...................................................... – S S S S

South Carolina 36.5.................................................... .1 38.5 – 38.0 .5

South Dakota 36.2...................................................... – 45.6 – 44.6 –

Tennessee 33.5........................................................ .4 37.9 – 37.8 1.3Memphis TN~AR~MS MSA (TN part) 28.5................................. .1 S S S SNashville, TN MSA S................................................ S S S S SRemainder of Tennessee 44.3.......................................... .2 S S S S

Texas 26.3............................................................. 1.0 47.0 .3 43.8 1.9Austin~San Marcos, TX MSA 39.0....................................... .1 26.3 – 26.3 –Dallas~Fort Worth, TX CMSA 38.8....................................... .8 S S S SHouston~Galveston~Brazoria, TX CMSA 18.7............................. .1 S S S SSan Antonio, TX MSA 48.8............................................. .1 25.8 – 25.9 –Remainder of Texas 37.6............................................... .5 S S S S

Utah 20.5.............................................................. .1 25.9 – 25.6 –Salt Lake City~Ogden, UT MSA 25.9..................................... – 30.0 – 29.3 –Remainder of Utah 34.1................................................ – 37.8 – 38.7 –

Vermont S.......................................................... S S S S S

Virginia 38.0........................................................... .1 33.0 – 33.3 .2Norfolk~Virginia Beach~Newport News, VA~NC MSA (VA part) 42.3.......... – S S S SWashington, DC~MD~VA~WV PMSA (VA part) 35.9........................ – 37.4 – 37.5 –Remainder of Virginia S............................................. S 17.4 – 17.3 –

Washington 20.4....................................................... .3 20.1 – 19.5 .5Seattle~Tacoma~Bremerton, WA CMSA 25.2.............................. .3 28.2 – 28.3 .4Remainder of Washington 37.2......................................... .2 18.0 – 19.3 .2

West Virginia 35.6...................................................... – 48.7 – 48.4 .1

Wisconsin S......................................................... S S S S SMilwaukee~Racine, WI CMSA 31.6...................................... – S S S SRemainder of Wisconsin S........................................... S S S S S

Wyoming 31.1.......................................................... – 43.6 – 43.9 –




TRANSPORTATIONmCFS SAN DIEGO, CA MSA APPENDIX B B–13U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Apr. 21, 2000

Table B–8. Measures of Reliability for Inbound Shipment Characteristics by Origin forMetropolitan Area: 1997


State, metropolitan area, remainder of state




percentage



percentage



percentage

Total 4.7...................................................... – 11.4 – 6.7 –

Alabama 24.0.......................................................... – S S S S

Alaska S............................................................ S S S S S

Arizona 31.0........................................................... .5 36.8 .6 37.5 .9Phoenix~Mesa, AZ MSA 19.9........................................... .2 34.5 .1 34.7 .4Remainder of Arizona S............................................. S S S S S

Arkansas 16.7.......................................................... – 33.8 .1 34.2 .6

California 6.6......................................................... 1.7 12.6 2.1 8.5 2.3Los Angeles~Riverside~Orange County, CA CMSA 9.7.................... 1.7 14.9 3.8 14.6 2.2Sacramento~Yolo, CA CMSA 37.8....................................... .2 37.9 – 36.9 –San Diego, CA MSA 6.0.............................................. 1.4 17.4 6.3 19.6 1.2San Francisco~Oakland~San Jose, CA CMSA 18.4........................ .7 21.8 .1 21.6 .1Remainder of California 31.2............................................ .7 32.3 2.0 29.6 1.3

Colorado 26.4.......................................................... .2 S S S SDenver~Boulder~Greeley, CO CMSA 11.8................................ – 30.9 – 31.0 –Remainder of Colorado 47.0............................................ .2 S S S S

Connecticut 41.0....................................................... .5 S S S SHartford, CT NECMA 28.7.............................................. – 33.5 – 33.6 –Remainder of Connecticut 46.2......................................... .5 S S S S

Delaware S.......................................................... S 33.0 – 33.1 –

District of Columbia –............................................... – – – – –Washington, DC~MD~VA~WV PMSA (DC part) –........................ – – – – –

Florida 28.3............................................................ .3 46.6 .2 45.2 1.2Jacksonville, FL MSA 25.1............................................. – S S S SMiami~Fort Lauderdale, FL CMSA 40.2................................... .2 S S S SOrlando, FL MSA S................................................. S 37.0 – 37.1 –Tampa~St Petersburg~Clearwater, FL MSA 22.8........................... – S S S SWest Palm Beach~Boca Raton, FL MSA S............................. S S S S SRemainder of Florida 23.3.............................................. – S S S S

Georgia 35.4........................................................... .4 47.8 – 48.9 1.3Atlanta, GA MSA 25.6................................................. .2 29.0 – 29.0 .2Remainder of Georgia S............................................. S S S S S

Hawaii 49.0............................................................ – S S S S

Idaho 24.3............................................................. – 34.7 – 36.0 –

Illinois 15.2............................................................ .3 21.2 – 21.6 .6Chicago~Gary~Kenosha, IL~IN~WI CMSA (IL part) 18.6..................... .2 31.7 – 31.9 .6St Louis, MO~IL MSA (IL part) S...................................... S 48.9 – 48.9 –Remainder of Illinois 26.5.............................................. .1 28.7 – 28.9 .3

Indiana 46.6............................................................ .7 31.2 – 32.6 .6Gary, IN PMSA S................................................... S S S S SIndianapolis, IN MSA S.............................................. S S S S SRemainder of Indiana S............................................. S 37.6 – 38.7 .6

Iowa 27.0.............................................................. – S S S S

Kansas 33.2........................................................... .2 38.8 .2 39.6 1.2Kansas City, MO~KS MSA (KS part) 45.6................................. – S S S SRemainder of Kansas 39.6............................................. .2 S S S S

Kentucky S.......................................................... S S S S SLouisville, KY~IN MSA (KY part) 42.7.................................... – S S S SRemainder of Kentucky S............................................ S 48.2 .1 47.6 .5

Louisiana 28.2......................................................... – S S S SNew Orleans, LA MSA S............................................. S S S S SRemainder of Louisiana 28.2........................................... – S S S S

Maine 28.1............................................................. – 36.7 – 36.7 –

Maryland S.......................................................... S 24.1 – 24.4 –Baltimore, MD PMSA S.............................................. S 27.5 – 27.6 –Remainder of Maryland 35.3............................................ – 39.0 – 39.9 –

Massachusetts 17.6.................................................... .2 S S S SBoston~Worcester~Lawrence~Lowell~Brockton, MA~NH NECMA (MApart) 16.0........................................................... .2 48.3 – 48.6 .3

Remainder of Massachusetts 46.6....................................... – S S S S

Michigan 30.6.......................................................... .3 21.0 – 20.9 .3Detroit~Ann Arbor~Flint, MI CMSA 43.5................................... .2 41.7 – 43.1 .2Grand Rapids~Muskegon~Holland, MI MSA 31.6........................... – 37.3 – 37.3 .2Remainder of Michigan 21.2............................................ – 34.2 – 34.4 .2

Minnesota 27.5......................................................... .4 39.6 .3 37.6 1.4Minneapolis~St Paul, MN~WI MSA (MN part) 28.5.......................... .4 S S S SRemainder of Minnesota 37.2........................................... .1 39.7 .1 37.4 .9

Mississippi 47.0........................................................ – 44.2 – 44.0 .4

Missouri 20.7.......................................................... – 22.9 – 22.8 .1Kansas City, MO~KS MSA (MO part) 32.8................................ – S S S SSt Louis, MO~IL MSA (MO part) 29.4..................................... – 40.5 – 43.5 –Remainder of Missouri 27.3............................................. – 38.3 – 36.9 –

Montana 24.9.......................................................... – 44.8 – 44.6 –

Nebraska 45.2.......................................................... .1 44.5 .1 49.8 .5

Nevada 20.9........................................................... – S S S SLas Vegas, NV~AZ MSA (NV part) 21.5.................................. – S S S SRemainder of Nevada 30.8............................................. – 20.8 – 20.6 –


B–14 APPENDIX B SAN DIEGO, CA MSA TRANSPORTATIONmCFSU.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Apr. 21, 2000

Table B–8. Measures of Reliability for Inbound Shipment Characteristics by Origin forMetropolitan Area: 1997mCon.


State, metropolitan area, remainder of state




percentage



percentage



percentage

New Hampshire 35.0.................................................... .1 S S 49.3 .2

New Jersey 22.3........................................................ .4 32.9 – 32.7 .4New York~Northern New Jersey~Long Island, NY~NJ~CT~PA CMSA (NJpart) 23.1........................................................... .4 35.7 – 35.6 .4

Philadelphia, PA~NJ PMSA (NJ part) 33.0................................ – 47.7 – 48.7 –Remainder of New Jersey S......................................... S S S S S

New Mexico 39.8....................................................... – 41.0 – 41.4 –

New York 32.1......................................................... .6 S S S SBuffalo~Niagara Falls, NY MSA 32.1..................................... – 31.2 – 31.0 –New York~Northern New Jersey~Long Island, NY~NJ~CT~PA CMSA (NYpart) 45.8........................................................... .6 34.1 – 34.1 .3

Rochester, NY MSA 28.8............................................... – 35.9 – 36.0 –Remainder of New York 35.6........................................... .1 S S S S

North Carolina 14.0..................................................... .1 25.0 – 25.0 .3Charlotte~Gastonia~Rock Hill, NC~SC MSA (NC part) 24.9.................. – 40.1 – 40.1 .2Greensboro~Winston~Salem~High Point, NC MSA 36.3..................... – 37.8 – 41.6 –Raleigh~Durham~Chapel Hill, NC MSA 42.5............................... – 40.7 – 40.9 –Remainder of North Carolina 21.7....................................... – 25.5 – 25.9 .1

North Dakota S...................................................... S S S S S

Ohio 11.2.............................................................. .3 17.8 .2 18.1 1.6Cincinnati~Hamilton, OH~KY~IN CMSA (OH part) 32.3...................... – 33.4 – 33.2 –Cleveland~Akron, OH CMSA 31.7....................................... .1 30.0 – 29.6 .3Columbus, OH MSA 34.0............................................... .2 S S S SDayton~Springfield, OH MSA 42.9....................................... .4 45.0 – 45.0 .9Remainder of Ohio 21.9................................................ .1 35.2 .1 37.1 1.2

Oklahoma 21.9......................................................... – 18.7 – 18.5 –Oklahoma City, OK MSA 32.1.......................................... – S S S SRemainder of Oklahoma 23.0........................................... – 21.7 – 21.4 –

Oregon 18.7........................................................... .2 22.3 .1 21.8 .9Portland~Salem, OR~WA CMSA (OR part) 36.7............................ .2 28.8 .1 30.0 .5Remainder of Oregon 27.8............................................. .1 28.0 .1 27.0 .5

Pennsylvania 18.7...................................................... .3 41.3 .3 42.3 3.6Philadelphia~Wilmington~Atlantic City, PA~NJ~DE~MD CMSA (PA part) 45.1... .3 S S S SPittsburgh, PA MSA 39.3............................................... – S S S SRemainder of Pennsylvania 20.1........................................ .2 43.6 .1 43.9 1.6

Rhode Island S...................................................... S 28.2 – 28.2 –

South Carolina 29.1.................................................... .2 49.1 .1 49.9 .7

South Dakota S...................................................... S S S S S

Tennessee 16.6........................................................ – 18.4 – 19.4 .2Memphis TN~AR~MS MSA (TN part) 35.6................................. – 46.6 – 46.5 –Nashville, TN MSA 21.8................................................ – 30.5 – 30.4 –Remainder of Tennessee 26.9.......................................... – 26.5 – 27.3 .1

Texas 10.5............................................................. .3 18.4 .2 19.8 1.0Austin~San Marcos, TX MSA 42.5....................................... .1 S S S SDallas~Fort Worth, TX CMSA 18.8....................................... .2 34.4 – 38.2 .2Houston~Galveston~Brazoria, TX CMSA 20.4............................. – 34.2 – 34.2 .3San Antonio, TX MSA S............................................. S S S S SRemainder of Texas 20.8............................................... .2 24.3 .2 26.2 1.0

Utah 21.3.............................................................. .1 22.2 – 21.8 .1Salt Lake City~Ogden, UT MSA 22.9..................................... – 28.4 – 28.3 –Remainder of Utah 41.1................................................ .1 32.2 – 31.5 .1

Vermont S.......................................................... S 30.6 – 30.7 –

Virginia 19.5........................................................... – 22.5 – 23.0 .1Norfolk~Virginia Beach~Newport News, VA~NC MSA (VA part) 35.3.......... – S S S SWashington, DC~MD~VA~WV PMSA (VA part) 33.8........................ – S S S SRemainder of Virginia 25.3............................................. – 22.8 – 23.0 –

Washington 39.0....................................................... .6 38.5 .1 39.9 1.1Seattle~Tacoma~Bremerton, WA CMSA 44.8.............................. .6 48.5 .1 49.7 1.1Remainder of Washington 29.8......................................... – 25.8 – 26.8 .2

West Virginia 32.6...................................................... – 39.0 – 39.2 .4

Wisconsin 19.9......................................................... .2 20.0 – 19.3 .3Milwaukee~Racine, WI CMSA 24.8...................................... – 47.7 – 47.3 .1Remainder of Wisconsin 20.2........................................... .1 24.7 – 23.9 .3

Wyoming 49.3.......................................................... – S S S S




TRANSPORTATIONmCFS SAN DIEGO, CA MSA APPENDIX B B–15U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Apr. 21, 2000

Appendix C.Sample Design, Data Collection, and Estimation

INTRODUCTION

The primary goal for the 1997 Commodity Flow Survey(CFS) is to estimate shipping volumes (value, tons, andton-miles) by commodity and mode of transportation atvarying levels of geographic detail. A detailed descriptionof the sample design for the 1997 CFS is provided below.

SAMPLE DESIGN

The sample for the 1997 CFS is selected using a strati-fied three-stage design in which the first-stage samplingunits are establishments, the second-stage sampling unitsare groups of four 1-week periods (reporting weeks)within the survey year, and the third-stage sampling unitsare shipments.

First Stage

To create the first-stage sampling frame, we extracted asubset of establishment records from the 1995 StandardStatistical Establishment List (SSEL). The SSEL is a data-base, maintained by the Bureau of the Census, that con-tains a record for each establishment with employees. (Anestablishment is a single physical location where businesstransactions take place.) Establishments having nonzeropayroll in 1994 and classified in the mining, manufactur-ing, wholesale, or selected retail industries, as defined bythe 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Manual,are included on the sampling frame. Auxiliary establish-ments (e.g. warehouses and central administrative offices)with shipping activity are also included. Auxiliary estab-lishments are establishments that are primarily involved inrendering support services for other establishments withinthe same company, instead of for the public, government,or other business firms. All other establishments con-tained on the sampling frame are referred to as nonauxil-iary establishments. For each establishment we extractedsales, payroll, number of employees, name and addressinformation, as well as a primary identifier. We also com-puted a measure of size for each establishment. The mea-sure of size for a particular establishment is designed toapproximate the establishment’s total value of shipmentsfor 1994.

To reduce the amount of sampling variability andbecause estimates are desired for each commodity, weused a stratified design with a certainty component foreach three-digit SIC. To accomplish this, each establish-ment on the sampling frame is classified into a three-digit

SIC grouping. For each group of establishments, a bound-ary (or cutoff) that divides the certainty establishmentsfrom the noncertainty establishments is determined usingthe Lavallee-Hidiroglou algorithm. If an establishment’smeasure of size is greater than the cutoff, the establish-ment is selected ‘‘with certainty’’. Establishments selected‘‘with certainty’’ were assured of being selected and repre-sented only themselves (i.e., have a selection probabilityof one and a sampling weight of one). No certainty cutoffsare set for auxiliary establishments because they onlymake up a small portion of the estimated total value ofshipments for all establishments on the sampling frame.

Establishments not selected with certainty makeup thenoncertainty universe. We stratify the noncertainty uni-verse by SIC recode, National Transportation AnalysisRegion (NTAR), and a flag used to differentiate auxiliaryestablishments from nonauxiliary establishments. Each SICrecode is constructed from a group of related three-digitSIC codes. The NTARs, developed by the Department ofTransportation as combinations of Bureau of EconomicAnalysis (BEA) Areas, collectively provide a mutually exclu-sive and exhaustive coverage of the United States. Finally,the auxiliary stratification came about because establish-ments with different types of operation may have differentshipping practices. We refer to a particular SIC recode-NTAR-auxiliary flag combination as a primary stratum.

We further stratify the noncertainty establishmentswithin each primary stratum using the measure of sizepreviously described. We refer to these measure-of-sizestrata as substrata of the primary strata. The measure ofsize stratification increases the efficiency of the sampledesign. The Dalenius-Hodges cumulative rule is used toset the substratum boundaries. We then use Neyman allo-cation to determine the sample size required within eachsubstratum to meet a coefficient of variation constraint onthe primary stratum total measure of size. Within eachsubstratum, a simple random sample of establishments isselected without replacement.

To arrive at the final sample size, we allocated addi-tional establishments to some of the strata so that theprobability of selecting any establishment is no less than 1in 100. In total, the first-stage sample comprises 102,739establishments.

Second Stage

The frame for the second stage of sampling consists of52 one-week reporting periods (reporting weeks) duringthe interval from December 29, 1996, to December 26,

APPENDIX C C–1TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY


1997. Each establishment selected for the 1997 CFS wassystematically assigned to report for a group of fourreporting weeks throughout the survey year. The fourreporting weeks in a given group are separated by 12weeks. For example, an establishment might be requestedto report data for the 5th, 18th, 31st, and 44th weeks ofthe survey year.

Third Stage

For each of the four reporting weeks in which an estab-lishment is asked to report, we request the respondent toconstruct a sampling frame that consists of all shipmentsmade by their establishment in each particular reportingweek. For any particular reporting week, if an establish-ment makes 40 or fewer shipments during that week, weask the respondent to provide information about all oftheir establishment’s shipments from that week, i.e., nosampling is required. For establishments making morethan 40 shipments in a given reporting week, we ask therespondent to select a systematic sample of these ship-ments and to provide us with information only about theselected shipments. The size of a particular respondent’ssample for a given reporting week should be between 20and 40 shipments, depending on the total number of ship-ments the establishment made during that reportingweek.

DATA COLLECTION

Each establishment selected into the CFS sample ismailed a questionnaire for each of its four reportingweeks. For a given establishment, we request the respon-dent to provide the following information about theirestablishment’s shipments: domestic destination or portof exit, commodity, value, weight, mode(s) of transporta-tion, the date on which the shipment was made, and anindication of whether the shipment was an export, hazard-ous material, or containerized. For shipments that includemore than one commodity, respondents are instructed toreport the commodity that makes up the greatest percent-age of the shipment’s weight. For exports, we also ask therespondent to provide the mode of export and the foreigndestination city and country.

We used two versions of the questionnaire to collectdata from the sampled establishments—the CFS-1000 andthe CFS-2000. Each establishment received the CFS-1000in each of its first three reporting weeks. However, for thefourth reporting week, a subsample of approximately25,000 establishments received the CFS-2000, while theremaining establishments received the CFS-1000. The CFS-2000 requests the respondent to provide additional infor-mation about their establishment’s access to on-site andoff-site shipping facilities, as well as transportation equip-ment. See Appendix E for a copy of each questionnaire.

ESTIMATION

Each shipment has associated with it a single tabulationweight, that is used in computing all estimates to which

the shipment contributes. The tabulation weight is a prod-uct of seven different weights. A description of eachweight follows.

CFS respondents provide data for a sample of ship-ments made by their respective establishments in the sur-vey year. For each establishment, we produce an estimateof that establishment’s total value of shipments for theentire survey year. To do this, we use four differentweights, the shipment weight, the shipment nonresponseweight, the quarter weight, and the quarter nonresponseweight.

Like establishments, we identify shipments as eithercertainty or noncertainty. (See the Nonsampling Error sec-tion in Appendix B for a description of how certainty ship-ments are identified.) For noncertainty shipments, theshipment weight is defined as the ratio of the total num-ber of noncertainty shipments (as reported by the respon-dent) made by an establishment in a reporting week to thenumber of sampled noncertainty shipments for the sameweek. This weight uses the data from the sampled ship-ments to represent all the establishment’s shipmentsmade in the reporting week. However, some respondentsfail to provide sufficient information about a sampledshipment. For example, a respondent may not be able toprovide value, weight, or a destination ZIP Code for someof the sampled shipments. If these data items cannot beimputed, then these shipments would not contribute totabulations and are deemed ‘‘unusable.’’ (A usable ship-ment is one that has valid entries for value, weight, andorigin and destination ZIP Codes.) To account for these‘‘unusable’’ shipments, we apply the shipment nonre-sponse weight. For noncertainty shipments from a particu-lar establishment’s reporting week, this weight is equal tothe ratio of the number of sampled shipments for thereporting week to the number of ‘‘usable’’ shipments forthe same week. The shipment weight and shipment nonre-sponse weight for certainty shipments from a particularestablishment’s reporting week are both equal to one.

The quarter weight inflates an establishment’s estimatefor a particular reporting week to an estimate for the cor-responding quarter. For noncertainty shipments, the quar-ter weight is equal to 13. The quarter weight for most cer-tainty shipments is also equal to 13. However, if arespondent is able to provide information about all large(or certainty) shipments made in the quarter containingthe reporting week, then the quarter weight for each ofthese shipments would be one. For each establishment,the quarterly estimates are added to produce an estimateof the establishment’s value of shipments for the entiresurvey year. Whenever an establishment does not providethe Census Bureau with a response for each of its fourreporting weeks, we compute a quarter nonresponseweight. The quarter nonresponse weight for a particularestablishment is defined as the ratio of the number of

C–2 APPENDIX C TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY


quarters for which the establishment was in business inthe survey year to the total number of quarters (reportingweeks) for which we received usable shipment data fromthe establishment.

Using these four component weights, we compute anestimate of each establishment’s value of shipments forthe entire survey year. We then multiply this estimate by aweight that adjusts the estimate using value of shipmentsand sales data obtained from other Census Bureau surveysand preliminary results of the 1997 Economic Census.This weight, called the establishment-level adjustmentweight, attempts to correct for any sampling or nonsam-pling errors that occur during the sampling of shipmentsby the respondent.

The adjusted value of shipments estimate for an estab-lishment is then weighted by the establishment weight.This weight is equal to the inverse of the establishment’sprobability of being selected into the sample.

A final adjustment weight, called the SIC-level adjust-ment weight, uses preliminary results of the 1997 Eco-nomic Census to account for establishments from whichwe did not receive a response (including establishmentsfrom which we did not receive any usable shipment data)and for changes in the population of establishmentsbetween the time the first-stage sampling frame was con-structed (1995) and the year in which the data were col-lected (1997). Separate SIC-level adjustment weights aredetermined for nonauxiliary and auxiliary establishments.

APPENDIX C C–3TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY


Appendix D.Standard Classification of Transported Goods CodeInformation

The commodities shown in this report are classifiedusing the Standard Classification of Transported Goods(SCTG) coding system. The SCTG coding system was cre-ated jointly by agencies of the United States and Canadiangovernments based on the Harmonized System (HS) ofproduct classification which is used worldwide. The pur-pose of the SCTG coding system was to specificallyaddress statistical needs in regard to products trans-ported.In the past, Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) data have

been collected and reported using product classificationsfound in the Standard Transportation Commodity Classifi-cation (STCC) system. These classifications were devel-oped in the early 1960s by the American Association ofRailroads (AAR) to analyze commodity movements by rail.The original purpose of the STCC was for identification ofcommodities for purposes of assigning rates for InterstateCommerce Commission (ICC) regulated rail carriers. TheSTCC continues to be used by the AAR as a tariff mecha-nism.At the time that the Commodity Transportation Survey

(CTS) (the CTS—the predecessor of the CFS) was first con-ducted in 1963, STCC codes were still useful for analyzingmost important aspects of the U.S. transportation system.Since then, many changes have taken place that havegradually made the STCC code less useful for trackingdomestic product movements across all modes (although

it remains perfectly functional for tracking rail-only move-ments). These include the deregulation of trucking, theenactment of North American Free Trade Agreement(NAFTA), changes in logistics practices, the emergence ofplastics and composite materials to replace metals andglass, the obsolescence of many categories of wood prod-ucts, and the very rapid recent development of high-techelectronic goods. Because the CFS is a shipper survey, theCFS collects information about shipments moving on allmodes. As a consequence, STCC classifications frequentlyprovide inadequate detail for identifying products that aresignificant for modes, such as truck and air. It is for thesereasons that the Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS)has sponsored the development of a new product code tocollect and report CFS data.In 1997 the CFS provided respondents with a listing of

SCTG codes and descriptions at the five-digit level to usein assigning a commodity code for each shipment. Forshipments of more than one commodity, we instructedrespondents to use the five-digit code for the major com-modity, defined as the commodity of greatest total weightin the shipment.Additional information on the SCTG system can be

found on the Internet through the BTS web page athttp://www.bts.gov. Comments or questions on the SCTGshould be directed to http://[email protected].

APPENDIX D D–1TRANSPORTATON—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY


Appendix E.Sample Report Forms and Instructions

The sample report forms and instructions are shown on the following pages.

Note: The CFS-2000 was sent to a subsample of establishments to obtain additional informationabout the use of transportation equipment and facilities.

APPENDIX E E–1TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY


TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEYAPPENDIX EE–2


OMB No. 0607-0828: Approval Expires 10/31/99U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

BUREAU OF THE CENSUSFORM(11-1-96)

CFS-1000

YOUR RESPONSE IS REQUIRED BY LAW. Title 13, United States Code, requires businesses and other organizationsthat receive this questionnaire to answer the questions and return the report to the Census Bureau. By the same law,YOUR CENSUS REPORT IS CONFIDENTIAL. It may be seen only by Census Bureau employees and may be usedonly for statistical purposes. Further, copies retained in respondents’ files are immune from legal process.

Item A

Is this establishment’s physical location the sameas the address shown in the label? (PO boxes or rural routes are not physical locations.)

CENSUS OF TRANSPORTATION

(Please correct any error in name, address, and ZIP Code)

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS1201 East 10th Street Jeffersonville IN 47132-0001

Please enter the total number of outbound shipments(or deliveries), including customer pick-up, for theone-week reporting period shown above. If book figuresare not available, please provide your best estimate.

In operationTemporarily or seasonally inactiveCeased operation — Give date

Item C

Item D

1

2

YesNo — Enter physical location below.

Number and street

State ZIP Code

Month

Item B Mark (X) the ONE box which best describes thisestablishment during the one-week period shownabove.

Is the establishment name shown in the mailing address correct?

1 Yes2 No — Enter correct name.

1997 COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY

City, town, village, etc.

Reporting period:

Please return by:

RETURN TO

Through this survey, we are requesting data on arepresentative sample of your outbound shipments, to helpus produce key statistics used by transportation plannersand managers. We greatly appreciate your assistance in thisprogram.

BEFORE COMPLETING YOUR REPORT, please read theaccompanying instruction guide. If book figures are notavailable for requested data, please provide estimates. If youhave any questions, please call 1–800–772–7851.

This number should reflect all shipments and deliveries leaving this location during the one-week reporting period. Please seeInstruction Guide for a definition of"shipment."

1

2

3

©

Day Year

NOTE — The rest of this questionnaire requests information aboutshipments (or deliveries) from the establishment located at theaddress in the mailing label.

DO NOT PROCEED UNTIL YOU HAVECOMPLETED ITEM D.

If you entered a different address in item C — Please complete theform for shipments originating from the location listed in item C.

TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY APPENDIX E E–3


0

00

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Page 2 FORM CFS-1000 (11-1-96)

FINDING YOUR SELECTION RATE

Please enter yourselection rate.

Lin

e N

o.

Shipmentdate

Shipment value(excluding

shipping costs) in wholedollars

Shipment weightin pounds

Commoditycode from

SCTG ManualCommodity description

(a)

(c)

(b) (d) (e) (f)Mo

nth

Day

Mode of transport codesfor columns (k) and (n)

2 — Private truck3 — For-hire truck

Item F SHIPMENT CHARACTERISTICS

1 — Parcel delivery, courier, or U.S.Postal Service

4 — Railroad

Item E SAMPLING INSTRUCTIONS

If you reported 40 or fewer shipments in item D, please enter "1" as your selection rate in the box below, thengo directly to item F and enter the information for each of your shipments.

CONTINUE ON NEXT PAGE. —

Number of shipments enteredin item D Selection rate

1—

41—

81—

101—

201—

1

2

3

5

10

20

40

80

160

320

Continued

40

80

100

200

400

800

1600

3200

If ahazardousmaterial,enter the"UN" or

"NA"number

(g)

Our goal in this section is to identify a sample of your shipments that you will provide data on. Through theuse of a sample, we can avoid asking you for information on all of your shipments, while still obtainingstatistically accurate information.

4

4

26

26

4,235

125,300

140

626,500

3

1

1

1

Electrical transformers

Gasoline

2

0

0

0

5

7

In the table at right, identifythe selection rate thatcorresponds to the numberyou entered in item D, andenter it in the box below.

If you reported 41 or more shipments in item D, we will now ask you to select and report on a sample of yourshipments. Following the steps below will result in a sample of 20 to 40 shipments to report on in item F.

401—

801—

1601—

More than 12800

6400

12800

3201—

6401—

Call Census at 1–800–772–7851

(h)

ShipmentID

Number

123-5

402H 1 0 32


Page 3FORM CFS-1000 (11-1-96)

0

00

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

PLEASE CONTINUE ON PAGE 4.

Mode(s) oftransport to

U.S.destination

Enter all thatapply in order

used. Usecodes below.

(k)

(j) (m)

U.S. destination(Complete for all shipments.)

City ZIP Code

Foreign destination(for export shipments only)

City

Lin

e N

o.

(o)

Expo

rt?

(Y/N

)

(l)

Expo

rt m

ode

(n)Country

8 — Air 0 — Unknown

1. Use the file or combination of files that best reflects your full range of outbound shipping activities.

5 — Shallow draft vessel6 — Deep draft vessel

7 — Pipeline 9 — Other mode

2. Begin with the first shipment. Count the shipments until you reach your selection rate. Select thisshipment to report on in item F.

3. Continue counting with the next shipment. Count this shipment as 1 and continue until you reach theselection rate again. Select this shipment to report on in item F.

In thefollowingexamples,eachrectanglerepresentsoneshipment.

Once you have selected your sample of shipments, please proceed to item F and enter the requested informationfor each selected shipment. Examples of completed lines for two shipments are provided on lines "0" and "00" below.

If you have difficulties constructing a file of shipments or have questions about how to select the sample ofyour shipments, please call our toll-free number for assistance: 1–800–772–7851.

12

34

51

23

45

12

If the selectionrate is 5, select every fifth shipment.

If the selectionrate is 2, select every other shipment.

12

12

.1

21

Select

Select

Select

Select

2 Select

.

.1

Select

Select

2, 4, 3

5

Los Angeles

New York

C

N

A

Y

9

1

0

0

4

5

N

Y

0

4

0

4

4. Repeat step 3 until you reach the last shipment for the one-week period. If the last shipment is counted as the selection rate, select this shipment to report on in item F. If the last shipment is not counted as the selection rate, do not report this shipment.

State

SELECTING YOUR SAMPLE OF SHIPMENTS

Note: In column (j) enter the U.S. port,airport, or border crossing of exit.

Con

tain

eriz

ed?

(Y/N

)

(i)

N

N London England 6



Lin

e N

o.

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

(a)

30

31

32

33

34



Page 4 FORM CFS-1000 (11-1-96)

Item F SHIPMENT CHARACTERISTICS — Continued


4 — RailroadContinued

Shipment date

(c)

Mo

nth

Day




Commoditycode from


(b) (d) (e) (f)


"NA"number

(g) (h)

ShipmentID

Number



7 — Pipeline8 — Air

Lin

e N

o.

Page 5FORM CFS-1000 (11-1-96)

(o)

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33


9 — Other mode0 — Unknown


Expo

rt m

ode

(n)


U.S.destination



(k)

(j) (m)


City ZIP Code


CityExpo

rt?

(Y/N

)

(l)CountryState


Con

tain

eriz

ed?

(Y/N

)

(i)



35

36

37

38

39

40

Page 6 FORM CFS-1000 (11-1-96)

Lin

e N

o.

(a)





4 — Railroad

Name of person to contact regarding this report – Please print Telephone number – Include area code

Item J CERTIFICATION

Continued

Signature Title

Date

Shipment date

(c)M

on

th

Day

Item G 1.

2.

Item H

Yes

Yes

Enter the total value of shipments for theone-week reporting period. This figureshould represent all products leaving thisestablishment for the one-week period.An estimate is acceptable.

Total value in whole dollars

3.

Yes

No

No

No

If yes to item G1 or item G2:




Commoditycode from


(b) (d) (e) (f)


"NA"number

(g) (h)

ShipmentID

Number

Would it be easier to receive a separatequestionnaire for each file or eachshipment site?

Are the records for outbound shipmentsfrom this location maintained in a numberof separate files (e.g., separate files foreach commodity, or for each shippingsite) at this location?

Do this establishment’s outboundshipments leave more than one sitewithin this physical location?

Yes

In the last three months did this locationhave any individual shipments with avalue over $2,000,000?

No

Item I



Page 7FORM CFS-1000 (11-1-96)




THANK YOU FOR COMPLETING YOUR REPORT

35

36

37

38

39

40

Lin

e N

o.

(o)

Expo

rt m

ode

(n)


U.S.destination



(k)

(j) (m)


City ZIP Code


City

Expo

rt?

(Y/N

)

(l)CountryState


Con

tain

eriz

ed?

(Y/N

)

(i)

Remarks



OMB No. 0607-0828: Approval Expires 10/31/99U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

BUREAU OF THE CENSUSFORM(6-9-97)

CFS-2000

YOUR RESPONSE IS REQUIRED BY LAW. Title 13, United States Code, requires businesses and other organizationsthat receive this questionnaire to answer the questions and return the report to the Census Bureau. By the same law,YOUR CENSUS REPORT IS CONFIDENTIAL. It may be seen only by Census Bureau employees and may be usedonly for statistical purposes. Further, copies retained in respondents’ files are immune from legal process.

Item A

Is this establishment’s physical location the sameas the address shown in the label? (PO boxes or rural routes are not physical locations.)

CENSUS OF TRANSPORTATION

(Please correct any error in name, address, and ZIP Code)

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS1201 East 10th Street Jeffersonville IN 47132-0001

Please enter the total number of outbound shipments(or deliveries), including customer pick-up, for theone-week reporting period shown above. If book figuresare not available, please provide your best estimate.

In operationTemporarily or seasonally inactiveCeased operation — Give date

Item C

Item D

1

2

YesNo — Enter physical location below.

Number and street

State ZIP Code

Month

Item B Mark (X) the ONE box which best describes thisestablishment during the one-week period shownabove.

Is the establishment name shown in the mailing address correct?

1 Yes2 No — Enter correct name.

1997 COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY

City, town, village, etc.

Reporting period:

Please return by:

RETURN TO

Through this survey, we are requesting data on arepresentative sample of your outbound shipments, to helpus produce key statistics used by transportation plannersand managers. We greatly appreciate your assistance in thisprogram.

BEFORE COMPLETING YOUR REPORT, please read theaccompanying instruction guide. If book figures are notavailable for requested data, please provide estimates. If youhave any questions, please call 1–800–772–7851.

This number should reflect all shipments and deliveries leaving this location during the one-week reporting period. Please seeInstruction Guide for a definition of"shipment."

1

2

3

©

Day Year

NOTE — The rest of this questionnaire requests information aboutshipments (or deliveries) from the establishment located at theaddress in the mailing label.

DO NOT PROCEED UNTIL YOU HAVECOMPLETED ITEM D.

If you entered a different address in item C — Please complete theform for shipments originating from the location listed in item C.



0

00

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Page 2 FORM CFS-2000 (6-9-97)

FINDING YOUR SELECTION RATE

Please enter yourselection rate.

Lin

e N

o.

Shipmentdate




Commoditycode from


(a)

(c)

(b) (d) (e) (f)Mo

nth

Day





4 — Railroad

Item E SAMPLING INSTRUCTIONS

If you reported 40 or fewer shipments in item D, please enter "1" as your selection rate in the box below, thengo directly to item F and enter the information for each of your shipments.

Number of shipments enteredin item D Selection rate

1—

41—

81—

101—

201—

1

2

3

5

10

20

40

80

160

320

Continued

40

80

100

200

400

800

1600

3200


"NA"number

(g)

Our goal in this section is to identify a sample of your shipments that you will provide data on. Through theuse of a sample, we can avoid asking you for information on all of your shipments, while still obtainingstatistically accurate information.

4

4

26

26

4,235

125,300

140

626,500

3

1

1

1


Gasoline

2

0

0

0

5

7

In the table at right, identifythe selection rate thatcorresponds to the numberyou entered in item D, andenter it in the box below.

If you reported 41 or more shipments in item D, we will now ask you to select and report on a sample of yourshipments. Following the steps below will result in a sample of 20 to 40 shipments to report on in item F.

401—

801—

1601—

More than 12800

6400

12800

3201—

6401—

Call Census at 1–800–772–7851

(h)

ShipmentID

Number

123-5

402H 1 0 32

CONTINUE ON NEXT PAGE.



Page 3FORM CFS-2000 (6-9-97)

0

00

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9



U.S.destination



(k)

(j) (m)


City ZIP Code


City

Lin

e N

o.

(o)

Expo

rt?

(Y/N

)

(l)

Expo

rt m

ode

(n)Country

8 — Air 0 — Unknown

1. Use the file or combination of files that best reflects your full range of outbound shipping activities.


7 — Pipeline 9 — Other mode

2. Begin with the first shipment. Count the shipments until you reach your selection rate. Select thisshipment to report on in item F.

3. Continue counting with the next shipment. Count this shipment as 1 and continue until you reach theselection rate again. Select this shipment to report on in item F.

In thefollowingexamples,eachrectanglerepresentsoneshipment.

Once you have selected your sample of shipments, please proceed to item F and enter the requested informationfor each selected shipment. Examples of completed lines for two shipments are provided on lines "0" and "00" below.

If you have difficulties constructing a file of shipments or have questions about how to select the sample ofyour shipments, please call our toll-free number for assistance: 1–800–772–7851.

12

34

51

23

45

12

If the selectionrate is 5, select every fifth shipment.

If the selectionrate is 2, select every other shipment.

12

12

.1

21

Select

Select

Select

Select

2 Select

.

.1

Select

Select

2, 4, 3

5

Los Angeles

New York

C

N

A

Y

9

1

0

0

4

5

N

Y

0

4

0

4

4. Repeat step 3 until you reach the last shipment for the one-week period. If the last shipment is counted as the selection rate, select this shipment to report on in item F. If the last shipment is not counted as the selection rate, do not report this shipment.

State

SELECTING YOUR SAMPLE OF SHIPMENTS


Con

tain

eriz

ed?

(Y/N

)

(i)

N

N London England 6



Lin

e N

o.

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

(a)

30

31

32

33

34



Page 4 FORM CFS-2000 (6-9-97)




Shipment date

(c)

Mo

nth

Day




Commoditycode from


(b) (d) (e) (f)


"NA"number

(g) (h)

ShipmentID

Number




Lin

e N

o.

Page 5

(o)

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33




Expo

rt m

ode

(n)


U.S.destination



(k)

(j) (m)


City ZIP Code


CityExpo

rt?

(Y/N

)

(l)CountryState


Con

tain

eriz

ed?

(Y/N

)

(i)

FORM CFS-2000 (6-9-97)



35

36

37

38

39

40

Lin

e N

o.

(a)






Shipment date

(c)M

on

th

Day




Commoditycode from


(b) (d) (e) (f)


"NA"number

(g) (h)

ShipmentID

Number

Page 6 FORM CFS-2000 (6-9-97)

Item I

Enter the total dollar value of all shipments for theone-week reporting period. This figure shouldrepresent all products leaving this establishment forthe one-week period. An estimate is acceptable.

Total value in whole dollarsYes

In the last three months did this location haveany individual shipments with a value over$2,000,000?

No

Item HItem G

AVAILABILITY AND USE OF ON-SITE SHIPPING FACILITIES

In column (b), check "Yes" or "No" for each type of shipping facility to indicate whether or not this type of facilityexisted on-site during 1997. For each "Yes" in column (b), check "Yes" or "No" in column (c) to indicate whether ornot you used the facility on your premises for outbound shipments during 1997.

Type of shipping facility

(a)

Was a shipping facility of this typeon your premises during 1997?

Did you use this facility on yourpremises for outbound shipmentsduring 1997?

1. Rail siding

Dock on the Great Lakes

Dock on inland water

Airport/landing strip capable ofhandling your shipments

Pipeline terminal

YesNo

(b) (c)

2.

3.

5.

6.

YesNo

Dock on deep sea water4.

YesNo

YesNo

YesNo

YesNo

YesNo

YesNo

YesNo

YesNo

YesNo

YesNo

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2



1 – Trailer on Flat Car (TOFC)2 – Private Truck

Item J USE OF OFF-SITE SHIPPING FACILITIES

In column (b), check "Yes" or "No" for each type of shipping facility to indicate whether or not you used an off-sitefacility of that type for outbound shipments during 1997. For each "Yes", enter the miles to that off-site facility incolumn (c), and the mode of transport used to reach that facility in column (d). The modes are listed below.

Type of shipping facility

(a)

Did you use this type of off-sitefacility for outboundshipments during 1997?

Distance to the off-site facility of thistype that you used most in 1997(Report in miles – estimates areacceptable)

1. Rail siding

Dock on inland water

Dock on deep sea water

Airport/landing strip capable of handling your shipments

Pipeline terminal

YesNo

(b) (c)

2.

3.

5.

6.

Dock on the Great Lakes

4.

YesNo

YesNo

YesNo

YesNo

YesNo

Mode of transport usedto reach that facility(Enter a code from thelist below)

(d)

3 – For-Hire Truck4 – Rail

7 – Air 8 – Other

5 – Water6 – Pipeline

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

Page 7FORM CFS-2000 (6-9-97)





35

36

37

38

39

40

Lin

e N

o.

(o)

Expo

rt m

ode

(n)


U.S.destination



(k)

(j) (m)


City ZIP Code


City

Expo

rt?

(Y/N

)

(l)CountryState


Con

tain

eriz

ed?

(Y/N

)

(i)



Item K

Page 8 FORM CFS-2000 (6-9-97)

USE AND AVAILABILITY OF TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT

During 1997, did this location use any of the following types of equipment for outbound shipments? Please check "Yes" or "No." Forrail cars reported in number 1 below, enter the approximate percentage of your total outbound rail shipments that used that type ofrail car. These percentages should add to 100%. If you had no rail shipments, leave the percentages blank.

Equipment

(a)

Was this type of equipmentused for outbound shipments

during 1993?

Percentage of total rail shipments

1. Rail cars that:

Your company owned/leased

Trucks with 6 or more tires ortruck-tractors that:

Aircraft that your company owned or leased

Barges that your company owned or leased

YesNo

(b) (c)

a.

2.

4.

5.

Truck trailers that your company owned or leased3.

YesNo

YesNo

YesNo

YesNo

YesNo

A common carrier owned/leasedb.

Another party owned/leased (e.g. receiver)c.

Your company owneda.

Your company leased, with driverb.

Your company leased, without driverc.

Other equipment that your company owned or leased – Specify6.

YesNo

YesNo

YesNo

YesNo

Item L

During 1997, who generally decided on the mode of transportation for your outbound shipments? Check the appropriate box.

Your company Receiver of shipment Other

Remarks

Name of person to contact regarding this report – Please print

Signature

Telephone number – Include area code Date

Title

Item M CERTIFICATION

TRANSPORTATION DECISIONS

1 2 3

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2



CFS-1100(11-7-96)

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCEBUREAU OF THE CENSUS

Some instructions are included on the questionnaire itself. However,due to space limitations, most of the instructions and definitions areincluded in separate reference materials. These include this instructionguide, and a listing of commodity codes to be used for classifyingindividual shipments in this survey.

Instructions forCompleting the

Commodity Flow Survey

TIPS FOR COMPLETING THE CFS QUESTIONNAIRE

Please read all instructions.

You may use estimates if book figures are not readily available.

If you have questions about completing the survey, a Census Bureaurepresentative will be glad to assist you. You can call us at 1-800-772-7851.



CFS-1100 (11-7-96)Page 2

PART I – GENERAL INFORMATION

Frequently Asked Questions About the Commodity Flow Survey (CFS)

The results of the CFS are used by transportation policy makersto analyze future transportation needs.

Who reports in the CFS?

The CFS covers a sample of establishments in the mining,manufacturing, wholesale, and selected retail industries.

Why is my participation important?

Your establishment was selected as part of a sample designed torepresent a wide range of industries and geographic regions.

Your report helps ensure quality results.

Is this survey mandatory?

Yes. The CFS is mandatory under the authority of Title 13,United States Code (USC).

Will my data be kept confidential?

Yes. The same law that requires your participation, Title 13,USC, also guarantees your data will be kept strictly confidential.

The reports you provide the Census Bureau cannot be used forpurposes of taxation, regulation, or investigation.

Your report is used only to develop summary data that do notreveal the activities of individual firms or establishments.

How often must I report?

You will be sent four questionnaires in all: one during eachquarter of 1997.

The CFS will not be conducted again until 2002.

Why are you conducting the CFS?

The CFS produces valuable measures of the demands on thenation’s transportation system.



CFS-1100 (11-7-96) Page 3

PART II – INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING YOUR QUESTIONNAIRE

Items A – C

Please enter the information requested on your establishment’s name,operational status, and physical location.

Item D

Enter in the space provided your total number of outbound shipments for theone week reporting period on the front of the questionnaire.

Please include in this count any materials picked up by the customer("customer pick-up").

What we mean by a "shipment":

For the purposes of this survey, a shipment is a single movement of goods,commodities, products, etc. from your location to a customer or to anotherlocation of your company.

"Commodities" refer to items that your location produces, sells, or distributes,not to items that are considered by-products of your location’s operation.

Do not include as shipments items such as inter-office memos, payroll checks,business correspondence, etc.

Do not include as shipments items such as refuse, scrap paper, waste, andrecyclable materials unless your location is in the business of selling orproviding these materials to others.

A special note about "shipments":

A full, or partial, truckload should be counted as a single shipment only if allthe commodities on the truck are destined for one location.If a truck makes multiple deliveries on a route, please count each stop asone shipment.

Item E: Sampling Instructions

If you reported 40 or fewer shipments in Item D, complete Item F (ShipmentCharacteristics) for all of your shipments covered by the one-week reportingperiod.

If you reported more than 40 shipments in Item D, follow the instructions inItem E in order to select a sample of shipments on which to report in Item F.

By asking you to select a sample of your shipments for the one-weekreporting period, we avoid asking you for information on all yourshipments, while still obtaining statistically accurate information.

Reminder:

We’re here to answer your questions! If you have questions about thesampling process (or any part of the questionnaire) please call us at1-800-772-7851.

The files you are sampling from should reflect the fullrange of your location’s shipping activities in terms of modes oftransportation used, commodities shipped, and destinations.

What we don’t mean by a "shipment":



CFS-1100 (11-7-96)Page 4

PART II – INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING YOUR QUESTIONNAIRE – Continued

Item F: Shipment Characteristics

Shipment Date (column c) – Enter the month and day of the shipment. If shipmentdate is not available, use the invoice/shipping document date. Use numbers only.

Shipment ID Number (column b) – Enter the invoice number, shipment number, orsome other unique identification number that your establishment could use to find thisparticular shipping document if questions arise regarding your report.

Shipment Value (column d) – Enter the dollar value, in whole dollars, of the entireshipment. The value should not include freight charges or excise taxes (i.e., report thenet selling value, f.o.b. plant). If the value is not readily available from your records,please estimate.

Shipment Weight (column e) – Enter the weight of the total shipment in wholepounds. If weight is not readily available from your records, please estimate.

Commodity Code (column f) – Please use the list of Standard Classification ofTransported Goods (SCTG) Codes in the enclosed SCTG Manual to select the propercode. For shipments with more than one commodity, enter only the code for thecommodity with the greatest weight.

v

v

v

v

v

v Commodity Description (column g) – Enter a brief description of the commodityshipped. For shipments with more than one commodity, describe only the commoditywith the greatest weight. Do not use trade names, catalog numbers, or other codes notfamiliar to persons outside your business.

0

00

1

2

3

4

Lin

e N

o.

Shipmentdate




Commoditycode from


(a)

(c)

(b) (d) (e) (f)Mo

nth

Day






(g)

4

4

26

26

4,235

125,300

140

626,500

3

1

1

1


Gasoline

2

0

0

0

6

7

ShipmentID

Number

123-5

123-6



CFS-1100 (11-7-96) Page 5


Item F: Shipment Characteristics – Continued

v

v

v

v

For Hazardous Materials (column h) – If shipment is a hazardous material, enter the4-digit United Nations or North American number.

Containerized (column i) – Indicate whether or not the shipment was containerized byentering "Y" or "N" (yes or no). Containerized means that the shipment left yourestablishment in an intermodal container or stackable tank without permanentlyattached wheels. These containers typically vary from 20 to 53 feet in length, and arecarried on truck chassis, trains, and ships.

U.S. Destination: City, State, and ZIP Code (column j) – For domestic shipments,enter the city, state, and 5-digit ZIP Code of the buyer/receiver as it appears on theshipping document. Use the "ship to" address. Use the two letter state abbreviationshown in Part IV.

For export shipments, report the U.S. port of exit as the destinationcity. The port of exit is the port or airport from which the shipment left thecountry. In case of land shipments into Mexico or Canada, it is the bordercrossing.

Mode(s) of Transport (column k) – Enter the code(s) for all modes of transport usedfor the shipment to its U.S. destination (i.e., the destination reported in column j). Codesare located on the bottom of pages 2, 3, 4, and 5 of the questionnaire. Enter in thesequence used, all that apply. See Part III for definitions of each mode.

For Customer Pick-up: Report the mode(s) of transportation used, ifknown. Otherwise, report mode as "0" (unknown).

For Export Shipments: List only the mode(s) of transport used to reachthe port, airport, or border crossing of exit.


U.S.destination

Enter all thatapply using

codes shownbelow.

(k)

(j)

U.S. destination

City ZIP Code

2, 4, 3Los Angeles C A 9 0 40 0

State

Con

tain

eriz

ed?

(Y/N

)

(i)

N


"NA"number

(h)

5New York N Y 1 0 54 4N



CFS-1100 (11-7-96)Page 6


Item F: Shipment Characteristics – Continued

v

v

v

Export Shipment (column l) – Indicate whether or not the shipment is intended forexport outside of the United States, by entering a "Y" or "N" (yes or no). For purposes ofthis survey, shipments to Puerto Rico and U.S. territories and possessions areconsidered exports.

Foreign Destination: City and Country (column m) –- If the shipment is an export,enter the foreign city and country of destination. For U.S. Destination (column j),enter the U.S. port , airport, or border crossing of exit. In column (k), enter the mode oftransport used to the U.S. destination.

Export Mode (column n) – If the shipment is an export, enter the code for the mode oftransport by which the shipment left the country. Codes are located at the bottom ofpages 2, 3, 4, and 5 of the questionnaire.

Items G – I

Please enter the information requested.

Item J: Certification

Please enter the name and telephone number of the person to contact in the event thatwe have a question about your report.

0

00

1

2

3

4

5

(m)


CityLi

ne

No

.(o)

Expo

rt?

(Y/N

)

(l)

Expo

rt m

ode

(n)Country

N

Y


London England 6



CFS-1100 (11-7-96) Page 7

PART III – MODE DEFINITIONS

Parcel delivery/Courier/U.S. Postal Service – Delivery services that carry letters, parcels,packages, and other small shipments that typically weigh less than 100 pounds. Includes busparcel delivery service.

Private truck – Trucks operated by a temporary or permanent employee of thisestablishment or the buyer/receiver of the shipment.

For-hire truck – Trucks that carry freight for a fee collected from the shipper, recipient of theshipment, or an arranger of the transportation.

Railroad– Any common carrier or private railroad.

Shallow draft vessel – Barges, ships, or ferries operating primarily on rivers and canals; inharbors, the Great Lakes, the Saint Lawrence Seaway; the Intracoastal Waterway, the InsidePassage to Alaska, major bays and inlets; or in the ocean close to the shoreline.

Deep draft vessel – Barges, ships, or ferries operating primarily in the open ocean.Shipping on the Great Lakes and the Saint Lawrence Seaway is classified with shallow draftvesels.

Pipeline – Movements of oil, petroleum, gas, slurry, etc. through pipelines that extend toother establishments or locations beyond the shipper’s establishment. Aqueducts for themovement of water are not included.

Air – Commercial or private aircraft, and all air service for shipments that typically weighmore than 100 pounds. Includes air freight and air express.

Other mode – Any mode not listed above.

Unknown – The shipment was not carried by a parcel delivery/courier/U.S. Postal service,and you cannot determine what mode of transportation is used.

Note: Commodities that are "shipped" under their own power, such as boats, barges, ferries,ships, aircraft, trucks, and trains should be classified with the appropriate mode above.Commodities shipped under their own power for which an appropriate mode is not listed(e.g., buses, recreational vehicles) should be listed as "other" mode.



FORM CFS-1100 (11-4-96)Page 8

PART IV -- STATE ABBREVIATION LIST

State

Alabama

West Virginia

NOTICE - We estimate that it will take an average of 2 hours to complete this form. Thisincludes time to read instructions, assemble and review information, and record answers onthe form. If you have any comments regarding this estimate or any other aspect of thissurvey, send them to the Associate Director for Administration, Attn: Paperwork ReductionProject 0607-0189, Room 3104, Federal Building 3, Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC20233-0001. Respondents are not required to respond to any information collection unless itdisplays a valid approval number in the top right corner on the front of the questionnaire.

Abbrev. State Abbrev.

MO

AL

Alaska AK

Arizona AZ

Arkansas AR

California CA

Colorado CO

Connecticut CT

Delaware DE

Dist. of Col. DC

Florida FL

Georgia GA

Hawaii HI

Idaho ID

Illinois IL

Indiana IN

Iowa IA

Kansas KS

Kentucky KY

Louisiana LA Maine ME

Maryland MD

Massachusetts MA

Michigan MI

Minnesota MN

Mississippi MS

Missouri

Montana MT

Nebraska NE

Nevada NV

New Hampshire NH

New Jersey NJ

NM

New York NY

North Carolina NC

North Dakota ND

Ohio OH

Oklahoma OK

Oregon OR

Pennsylvania PA

Rhode Island

South Carolina SC

South Dakota SD

Tennessee TN

Texas

VT

Virginia VA

Washington WA

New Mexico

TX

Utah UT

Vermont

WV

Wisconsin WI

Wyoming WY

RI


EC97TC

F-MA

-CA

(3)

19

97

SanD

iego,C

AM

SA1997EconomicCensus

Transp

ortation

1997

Com

modity

Flow

Survey

US

CE

NS

US

BU

RE

AU

Documents

San Diego, CA MSA 1997 - Census.govSan Diego, CA MSA 1997EconomicCensus Transportation 1997 Commodity Flow Survey 1997 EC97TCF-MA-CA(3) Issued February 2000 U.S.Departmentof Transportation