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PERFORMANCE TEST ON MULTI FUEL SINGLE CYLINDER SI ENGINE
ROBIN ROY (721412114068)ALEX N MATHEW (721412114301)ATHUL PREMNATH (721412114304)SHAJAHAN A P (721412114327)
Guide Name: Mr. A. NANDAGOPAL
ABSTRACT
Internal combustion engine are the most preferred prime mover across the world. Spark ignition engine is preferred locomotive prime mover due to its smooth operation and low maintains. The gasoline is fossil fuel which is limited in reservoirs causes varieties of study in search of alternative fuel for SI engine, where alcohol promises best alternative fuel. In this paper study of three alcohols are tried to investigate and comparative study of methanol, ethanol and butanol
In this experimental investigation was conducted to determine the emission characteristics of higher alcohols and gasoline blends. The effect of unleaded gasoline and unleaded gasoline blended with 20% of methanol, ethanol and butanol.
It works well in the existing design of engine and parameters at
which engines are operating. The performance and exhaust emissions of a
spark-ignition engine were experimentally investigated. The engine tests were
per- formed by Performance test or Load test (Rope type) using Rope brake
dynamometers
The result showed that blending unleaded gasoline with additives
increases the brake power, indicated and brake thermal efficiencies, fuel
consumption and mechanical efficiency.
EXPERIMENTAL COMPONENTS AND ELEMENTS
EXPERIMENTAL FUELS
In this paper study of gasoline and three alcohols,Petrol or Gasoline, Ethanol, Methanol and Butanol
Engine performance and exhaust emission are determined using different blend ratios:Unleaded gasoline(Unleaded Petrol)Ethanol 20 [20% Ethanol + 80% Unleaded gasoline]Methanol 20 [20% Methanol + 80% Unleaded gasoline]Butanol 20 [20% Butanol + 80% Unleaded gasoline]
COMPONENTS
ROPE BRAKE DYNAMOMETER
FOUR-STROKE, SINGLE CYLINDER SI ENGINEFOUR-STROKE, SINGLE CYLINDER SI ENGINE
SPECIFICATION OF ENGINECompany
Model
Type
Displacement
Bore
Stroke
Compression ratio
Rated power
Rated torque
Number of cylinder
Number of stroke
Ignition Mode
Transmission
Type of cooling
Lubrication
Starting system
Hero Honda
CD 100
4 Stroke SI Engine
97.2 cc
50mm
49.5mm
8.8:1
7.5 bhp @ 8000 rpm
0.73 @ 5000 rpm
Single
4
Spark plug
4 speed constant mesh
Air Cooling
Wet sump, Forced
Kick start
SPECIFICATION OF FUELS
PROPERTIES
GASOLINE
ETHANOL
METHANOL
BUTANOL
Chemical formula
C8H18
C42H5OH
CH3OH
C4H9OH
Gross Calorific Value (GCV) kJ/kg
47300
29700
23000
32500
Flash point (°C)
−43 °C
16.6 °C
11 to 12 °C
35 °C
Density (kg/m³ )
719.7
789
792
810
Freezing point (0C)
-60°C
-80.0 °C
-97.778 °C
-89°C
Boiling temperature (°C )
35 °C
74.4 °C
64.9°C
117.7 °C
Auto-ignition temperature(°C )
247–280 °C
422.778°C
463.889°C
343 °C
Specific Gravity (SG)
0.713
0.787
0.791
0.812
air/fuel ratio (AFR)
14.7:1
9.0 :1
6.47 :1
11.1:1
Apparatuses used in the present study were an engine, a dynamometer and an exhaust analyzer.
In the experimental construction, a 100 cc 4 strokes, single cylinder SI engine fixed properly with a metal frame and the multi fuel consuming system is arranged by the top of the engine.
CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
The fuel consumption was measured by using a calibrated burette and a stopwatch with an accuracy.
The engine is loaded with a rope type weight loaded dynamometer by the chain drive mechanism.
• The engine was started and allowed to warm up for a period of 15-20 min.
• The fuel consumption was constant at 10 cc for each performance.
• Engine test were performed by constant speed and varying the loading condition for each individual fuel.
• A series of experiments were carried out using gasoline, and various ethanol, methanol and butanol blends.
• Before running the engine to a new fuel blend, it was allowed to run for sufficient time to consume the remaining fuel from the previous experiment.
• For each experiment, four runs were performed to obtain an average value of the experimental data.
WORKING DETAILS
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
TESTING PROCEDURE
• A series of experiments were carried out using gasoline, and various ethanol, methanol and butanol blends.
• Before running the engine with a new fuel blend, it was allowed to run for sufficient time to consume the remaining fuel from the previous experiment.
• Check the fuel supply to engine, lubrication oil level in the oil pump, water circulation in the cooling system, etc.
• Start the engine and ensure no load condition on the brake drum.
• Allow the engine to stabilize before loading.• Now the load is applied gradually on the rope brake
dynamometer.
• For every increase in load, the speed is measured using tachometer.
• All the blends were tested under varying Performance and Emission Characteristics of Spark Ignition Engine Fuelled with ethanol, methanol and butanol Gasoline Blended Fuels
• The required engine load was obtained through the dynamometer control. The engine speed, fuel consumption, and load were measured, while the brake power, brake torque and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) were computed.
• Calculate the torque and power using the given formulae• Repeat the experiment for different loads and note down the
above readings. Repeat the procedure for various load and power is measured.
• After the completion release the load and then shut down the engine.
• Allow the water to flow for few minutes and then turn it off.
CONCLUSIONFrom the results of the study, the following conclusions can be deduced: • Using methanol, ethanol and butanol as a fuel additive to
unleaded gasoline causes an improvement in engine performance.
• Methanol, ethanol and butanol addition to gasoline results in an increase in brake power, brake thermal efficiency, volumetric efficiency, and fuel consumption respectively.
• The addition of 20% of methanol, ethanol and butanol to the unleaded gasoline is achieved in our experiments without any problems during engine operation
REFERENCES
• Ayhan Demirbas (2007) “Progress and recent trends in
biofuels”, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science
• Kripal Sing “Automobile Engineering Vol.1&2
• Thring R.H. Alternative fuels for spark-ignition engines.
• Taylor A.B., Moran D.P., Bell A.J. Gasoline/alcohol blends:
exhaust emissions, performance and burn-rate in a multi-
valve production engine. SAE paper.