Sample Memo (IUMCC 13)

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048-129 P
5TH I NTRA UNIVERSITY M OOT C OURT C OMPETITION
2013-14
Before Submission to
T HE H ON ’BLE SUPREME C OURT OF I NDIA
CASE CONCERNING
#
T&'()*+&&+, C')+ N . ///// 2013
M S
D AS
# B HULLAR
8/18/2019 Sample Memo (IUMCC 13)
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS //////////////////////////////////////////////////IV
INDEX OF AUTHORITIES //////////////////////////////////////////////////VI
SYNOPSIS OF FACTS ///////////////////////////////////////////////////// III
STATEMENT OF JURISDICTION //////////////////////////////////////////// V
AR$UMENTS ADVANCED//////////////////////////////////////////////////1
[I] ISSUE ! HETHER OR NOT " THE M ATTER IS M AINTAINABLE IN T HE H ON ’BLE
SUPREME C OURT OF I NDIA .___________________________________________________ 1
[I. 1.] Submission: The Anti-Suit Injunction filed U / O. ! ". 1 is #$int$in$ble.%%%%% 1
[I. 1. A.] It is it!i" t!# P$ #% $& t!# C$'%ts t$ (%)"t t!# I"*'"+ti$".______________ 1
[I. 1. B.] J',i+i)- P%$"$'"+# #"ts i" F)/$% $& t!# s'0 issi$".__________________ 2
[I. 1. C.] T!# D#&#",)"t )s A #")0-# t$ t!# P#%s$")- J'%is,i+ti$" $& t!# I",i)"
C$'%ts. _____________________________________________________________ 3
[I. 1. D.] C)'s# $& A+ti$" )%$s# it!i" t!# Li its $& J'%is,i+ti$" $& I",i)._________ 4
[I. 1. E.] I",i)" C$'%ts )%# t!# &orum 'on(eniens .___________________________ 4
[I. 1. F.] T!#%# is "$ C$"t%)+t')- R#-)ti$" 0#t ##" t!# P)%ti#s.__________________ 5
[I. ).] Submission: The suit is 'orrectl* instituted U / S. )+ of ','.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 5
[II] ISSUE ! HETHER OR NOT " THERE IS A VALID C ONTRACT BET!EEN THE P ARTIES
FOR L ICENSE N O . 1983 11 21. ________________________________________________ 6
[II. 1.] Submission: There is no $lid 'ontr$ct for S$le.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 7
[II. 1. A.] T!#%# is "$ D#-i/#% $& t!# G$$,s._________________________________ 6
[II. 1. A. 2i3.] C'st$, )s it! t!# C'st$ s4 O&&i+i)-s.________________________ 6
[II. 1. A. 2ii3.] T!#%# is N$ )++#5t)"+# it!$'t D#-i/#% .________________________ 8
SUBMITTED AS AN AMICUS C URIAE P AGE 61
TABLE OF C ONTENTS
[II. 1. B.] Ar uendo t!# G$$,s #%# "$t )++#5t#, ,'# t$ N$"7M#%+!)"t)0-# 8')-it ._ 9
[II. 1. B. 2i3.] T!# ($$,s #%# "$t $& M#%+!)"t)0-# 9')-it .______________________ 9
[II. 1. B. 2ii3.] T!# ($$,s #%# "$t A++#5t#, ,'# t$ t!# 9')-it .___________________ 9
[II. ).] Submission: 'ontr$ct is Unenforce$ble bec$use it is Unconscion$ble.%%%%%%% 10
[II. :. A.] U"+$"s+i$")0i-it )s ) P%i"+i5-# $& C$"t%)+t L) .____________________ 10
[II. :. A. 2i3.] U"+$"s+i$")0i-it i" U"it#, ;i"(,$ .__________________________ 11
[II. :. A. 2ii3.] U"+$"s+i$")0i-it i" t!# U"it#, St)t#s._________________________ 11
[II. :. A. 2iii3.] U"+$"s+i$")0i-it )", UNIDROIT P%i"+i5-#s.___________________ 12
[II. :. A. 2i/3.] U"+$"s+i$")0i-it i" I",i).__________________________________ 12
[II. :. B.] T!#%# is N$ M#)"i"(&'- N#($ti)ti$".______________________________ 13
[II. :. C.] B)%()i"i"( P$ #% $& t!# P)%ti#s.__________________________________ 13
[II. .] Submission: Shrin0- r$2 'lic0- r$2 $nd Bro se- r$2 $ reements $re
unenforce$ble.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%14
[II. <. B.] C-i+=7 %)5 is U"#"&$%+#)0-#.____________________________________ 15
[II. <. C.] B%$ s#7 %)5 is U"#"&$%+#)0-#___________________________________ 17
[II. 3.] Submission: Altern$tel* if the contr$ct bet een the 2$rties for 4icense 5o.-
1!6 /11/ )1 is held to be enforce$ble it ill be $ $inst 2ublic 2olic*.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 17
[II. 7.] Submission: Altern$tel* if the contr$ct bet een the 2$rties for 4icense 5o.-
1!6 /11/ )1 is held to be enforce$ble it ill i(e rise to Selecti(e 4iti $tion.%%%%%%%%%%%% 18
[III] ISSUE ! HETHER OR NOT " THERE HAS BEEN MISUSE OF THE L ICENSE " !HICH
HAS RESULTED INTO THE COUNTERFEIT AND PIRATED COPIES BEIN$ MADE . ___________ 19
[III. 1.] Submission: Altern$tel* #r. Bhull$r is not res2onsible for the ne li ent
h$ndlin of the 4icense 5o.-1!6 /11/)1.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%19
[III. 1. A.] T!# t$%t $& "#(-i(#"+# ,$#s "$t +$/#% 5'%#- #+$"$ i+ -$ss#s___________ 19
[III. 1. B.] T!# )+t $& M%.B!'--)% )s %# $t#________________________________ 20
[IV] ISSUE ! HETHER OR NOT " DAMA$ES SHOULD BE $RANTED FOR THE PIRATED COPIES . __________________________________________________________________ 20
ALL ALLAHABAD
BOM BOMBAY
CAL . CALCUTTA
CIR CIRCUIT
CO. COMPANY
CPC C ODE OF C IVIL PROCEDURE @ 1 DEL DELHI
ED. EDITION
GOVT . GOVERNMENT
HON4BLE HONOURABLE
SC S UPREME COURT
SCR S UPREME COURT R EPORTER
SUPL . SUPPLEMENTARY
V. VERSUS
VOL . VOLUME
.B. EST
B ENGAL
F. N .
Ai%0's I",'st%i#s GIE /. P)t#- )", O%s.@ 21 3 : A-- ER : : 1
A-#+ L$00@ 2G)%)(#s3 Lt,. /. T$t)- Oi-@ 2GB3 Lt,@ [1 <] 1 LR 11
A . O"-i"#@ I"+. /. S'5#%i$% C$'%t@ 1 C)-. R5t%. :, @ : 2C)-. Ct. A55.
: 13 1
1
A #%i+) O"-i"#@ I"+. /. S'5#%i$% C$'%t 1 C)-. R5t%. :, @ : 2C)-. Ct.
A55. : 13 1
1:
A%i R#t)i- S st# s@ I"+ /. S$&t )%# Li"= I"+.@ <1 F. S'55. @ <7
2D.A%i @ 1 <3 1 111
A%i $") R#t)i- S st# s /. S$&t )%# Li"=@ I"+. <1 F.S'55. @ <7 2D. A%i .
1 <3 1
B)--)%, /. S)/)(# F.<, 1 @ 1 2 t! Ci%. 1 3 < :
B- t! (. Bi% i"(!) )t#% $%=s C$.@ 21 3 11 EK 1@ : 1
B%itis! I",i)" St#) N)/i()ti$" C$. Lt,. /. S!)" '(!)/i-)s C)s!# I",'st%i#s
)", O%s.@ 1 2 3 ELT 1 2SC3. : 11
C) 50#-- /. G#". D ") i+s G$/#%" #"t S st# s C$%5@ F.<, @ 7
21st Ci%.: 3 1
:
C)%i$ I"+ /. C%$ss #,i) S#%/i+#s I"+@ 2N.D C)-. A5%. 1@ : 3 1 1:
C)s5i /. T!# Mi+%$s$&t N#t $%= <: A.:, : 2N.J. S'5#%. Ct. A55. Di/.@ 1 3 1 1:
C#"t%)- I"-)", )t#% T%)"s5$%t C$%5$%)ti$" Li it#, /. B%$*$ N)t! G)"('- @
[1 ] : SCR : AIR 1 SC 1 1 )t 1 1:@ 21 3 < SCC 1 1
1
C#"t'% :1 C)"),) Li it#, P)%t"#%s!i5 /. R$(#%s C$ '"i+)ti$"s I"+@ : 11
BCSC 11 1
1:
C!'""i-)- ;)st'%+!)", /. D'",)55) D) 55)@ AIR 1 1 B$ 1 21 3 ILR
B$
1<
INDEX OF A UTHORITIES
C$!#" /. R$t!&i#-,@ [1 1 ] 1 ;B 1 @ 1 [1 1 71 ] A-- ER : @ : : <
C$ 0 /. P) P)-@ I"+.@ :1 F. S'55. :, 11 @ 11 2N.D. C)-. : :3. 11
C$ #%+i)- 0)"= $& A'st%)-i) Lt,. /. A ),i$@ 21 <3 1 1 CLR 11 <
C 0#%s#-- I"+ /. C 0#%s#-- I"+ )", O%s.@ 1< F.<, 1 < :
D F Est)t#s Lt, (. C!'%+! C$ issi$"#%s@ 21 3 : A-- ER : 21 3 C$
LR 2HL3 :
D M'!) ), S!)&i /. ;)%) )t A-i@ 21 3 PR <1
D!)"%)* Y'('-=is!$%# /. B)0'-)- R) +!)",%)@ AIR 1 < B$ : 21 <3 B$
: BLR < :
<
G$$, i" /. F$%, M$t$% C%#,it C$ 5)" @ F.S'55. 1 @ 1 1 2U.S. Dist. Ct. Mi,,-# Dist%. A-)0) ) 1 3
1 1
G$s ) i /. G$/#%,!)"-)-*i@ 21 3 ILR 1 B$ 1
G')%,i)" Ass'%)"+# /. S!i/) M)"()-@ AIR 1 < A-- : 21 < 3 ILR A-- :<
H)%, C$. /. Hi--#%"s )", F$ -#%@ [1 :<] 1 ;B
Hi"#s /. O/#%st$+=.+$ @ I"+.@ F. S'55. :, < :@ < 2E.D.N.Y. : 3 1 1
IR )", ICS 2P/t3 Lt, /. J#""#%@ F#"t$"@ S-),# Lt,@ AIR : < B$ 1 : 1:
J)"s$" /. D%i#&$"t#i" C$"s$-i,)t#, Mi"#s Li it#,@ [1 :] AC [1 7<] A-- ER R#5 : 2HL3
1 1
;)"s!i R) /. D'-# R)i@ AIR 1 << L)! 11 21 <3 1 L)! :
;)%)!) B$,)s C$ 5)" @ LLC /. P#%'s)!))" P#%t) 0)"()" Mi" )= D)" G)s
B' i N#()%)@ : 1 AB8B 1 : < 1
;LF S st#- Lt,. /. F'*its' ICIM Lt,@ AIR : 1 D#- < <
;' )% G)"() /. P%it!i+!)", L)-@ 21 ::3 1 P)t < . :
; )" /. C-#)% i%# C$%5.@ : 1: L <:< 1 1
L)=! i%) /. P$$") C!)",@ 21 :13 B$ AIR 1 :1 B$ 1: < 1
M F%) %$s# C$ /. St)t# $& M)!)%)s!t%)@ 21 3 STC < 2B$ 3 :
M)+S!)""$" /. R$+= )%# G-)ss Lt,@ [1 ] A.C. )t 5. 1: [1 ] 1 A--
E.R. : )t 5. < 2H.L.3
M)+s!)""$" /. R$+= )%# G-)ss Lt,.@ 21 3 1 A-- ER : < :
M)"$!)% L)- C!$5%) /. R)i B)!),'% R)$ R)*) S#t! Hi%)-)-@ 1 : AIR :
1 : SCR S'5-. 213 1 1
M)90'- A! #, /. O"=)% P%)t)0@ 21 < 3 < B$ LR << 1 <
M+H#"% /. L# is 21 :3 :: C! D < <
M$,i E"t#%t)i" #"t N#t $%= /. SG C%i+=#t Pt# Lt,@ AIR : < SC 11
2: <3 SCC < 1 : 1:
M'-+!)", /. Gi-- C$.@ 21 : 3 B$ : <@ : < IC 1 1
M'-tis#%/i+# B$$=0i",i"( Lt,. /. M)%,#"@ [1 ] C! @ [1 ] : A-- ER 11
M'"(-# C!)", /. G$5)- R) @ 21 3 < C)- :<< 1 :
M'%5! (. B%#"t $$, Dist%i+t C$'"+i-@ 21 3 : A-- ER 2HL3. : 1
M't!) ) /. A--)"@ 21 :3 ILR M), :
N)i= /. B)-/)"t@ AIR 1 : B$ 1< 21 : 3 : B$ LR 1< < 1
N)",)" I%$" )", M#t)- I",'t%i#s /. F#"ts I"+@ AIR 1 : D#- < <
N$%t! #st Ai%-i"#s@ I"+. /. R S C$ 5)" S.A@ 1 F.S'55.:, < 2: 13 < 1
ONGC /. #st#%" C$ $& N$%t! A #%i+)@ AIR 1 SC 21 3 1 SCC 1 :
P$--st)% / Gi() )"i) Lt,@ 2ED C)- 1 : 3 1 1<
P$--st)% /. Gi( )"i) Lt,@ 1 F. S'55. :, @ : 2E.D. C)-. : 3 1 1:
PPN P$ #% G#"#%)ti"( C$. Lt,. /. PPN 2M)'%iti's3 C$ .@ 2: 3 < A%0 LR
< 2: 3 MLJ < 2: 3 1: C$ C)s#s 2M),3 : 1<
P%$CD I"+ /. #i,#"0#%(@ F.<, 1 2C$'%t $& A55#)-s@ t!
Ci%.1 3 1 11 R#(ist#%.+$ @ I"+ /. V#%i$@ I"+.@ 1: F. S'55 :, :< 2Dist.C$'%t S.D.N.Y : 3 1
R$--i"s@ I"+. /. F$st#%@ 1 F.S'55. 1 : @ 1 < 2Mi,. Dist. A-). 1 3 1 1
R'tt$"*# /. J) "),)s@ 21 :3 B$ : :
S#tt-# #"t C$%5. /. H$+!s+!i-,@ [1 ] C! 1 21 3 < A-- ER <
S!i/0!)( )" /. O"=)% )-@ AIR 1 : B$ ::<
Sit) R) /. R) C!)",%) 21 1 3 PR : <1
S it! /. I",i)" T#Kti-# C$.@ AIR 1 : A-- 1< 21 : 3 ILR A-- : SNI A#%$s5)ti)-# /s. L## ;'i J)= A"%@ 21 3 < A--.ER 1 <
S5i-i),) M)%iti # C$%5$%)ti$" /. C$"s'-#K Lt, .@ [1 ] AC <
St. Pi#%%# /. S$'t! A #%i+)" St$%#s 2G)t! )", C!)/#s3 Lt,. [1 < ] 1 ;.B. < : )t
5. < 2C.A.3
St#57S)/#% D)t) S st# s I"+ /. s# T#+!.@ < F.:, 1@ 1 :7 < 2<, Ci%.1 13 1 111
St%)'s /. Vi+t$% T)-=i"( M)+!s. C$.@ : < U.S @ 1 21 1 3 1 1
1
Us!) B#-t%$" Lt,. /. St)t# $& P'"*)0@ 2: 3 SCC : V O T%)+t$%$#K5$%t@ M$s+$ /. T)%)5$%# C$ 5)" @ AIR 1 1 SC 1 1 < :1
V)"i+!)", /. L)=!i +!)",@ 21 : 3 B$ < 1
V)'-t C$%5$%)ti$" /. 8')i, S$&t )%# Lt,@ F.:, : @: 7 2 t! Ci%.1 3 1 111
)($" M$'", N$. :@21 3 : A-- ER 21 3 1 AC 1 2PC3. : 1
1
:
i-=i"s$" /. Os0$%"#@ 21 1 3 :1 CLR )t 1 1<
i--i) s /. )-=#%7T!$ )s F'%"it'%# C$@ < F :%, @ 2DC Ci% 1 3 11
i"&i#-, 21 : 3 : HLR . 1 1
:
CODE OF C IVIL PROCEDURE @ 2ACT OF 1 3 1
DIRECTIVE : <1 EC L1 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND COUNCIL 2 TH JUNE : 3
1
THE CUSTOMS ACT@ 2ACT : OF 1 :3
THE DELHI H IGH COURT ACT 2ACT : OF 1 3
THE SALE OF GOODS ACT 2ACT < OF 1 < 3
UCC S :7< : R#st)t# #"t :, ? : 11
U NIFORM ELECTRONIC COMMERCE ACT 21 3 1
U NIFORM ELECTRONIC TRANSACTIONS ACT 21 3 1
3. BOO S.
ALAN DAVIDSON @ LA OF ELECTRONIC COMMERCE 21st #,.@ : 1 @ 5. 11 3 1<
A NDRE MURRAY @ I NFORMATION TECHNOLOGY LA I NTERNET AND SOCIETY 21st #,.@ : 1 @
5. 1 3 1<
BENJAMIN RIGHT @ THE LA OF ELECTRONIC COMMERCE EDI@ FAX AND E7MAIL
TECHNOLOGY @ PROOF @AND L IABILITY 2<%, #,.@ 1 1@ 5. :< 3. 1
DICEY AND MORRIS @ CONFLICT OF LA S 21<t! #,.@ 1 @ 5. 3 :
HALSBURY S@ LA S OF E NGLAND 2<%, #,.@ V$-. @ 5. 1 3
JONATHAN B IC; @ JIMMY POSTER @ 1 1 THINGS YOU ANT TO ; NO ABOUT I NTERNET LA
21st #,.@ : 5. :13 1<
JUSTICE R S B ACHA AT @ LA OF ARBITRATION AND CONCILIATION 2 t! #,.@ : 1 @ V$-. I@ 5.
1 3 <
MAR; A. L EMLEY @ TERMS OF USE IN E C ONTRACTS EMERGING D IMENSIONS 21st #,.@ : @
5. <13 1
MULLA @ THE CODE OF C IVIL PROCEDURE 21 t! #,.@ : 1:@ V$-. 13. 1
POLLOC; M ULLA @ I NDIAN CONTRACT AND SPECIFIC R ELIEF ACTS 21 t!
#,.@ : 1:@ 5. < 3 1 R ATANLAL D HIRAJLAL @ THE LA OF TORTS 2: t! #,.@ : 1:@ 5. 3 :
R OBERT BOND @ SOFT ARE CONTRACT AGREEMENTS TECHNI8UES IN STRUCTURING AND
NEGOTIATING CONTRACTS R EVIE AND A NALYSIS @ 2t! #,.@ : @ 5. 3 1
R ODNEY D R YDER @ I NTRODUCTION TO I NTERNET LA AND POLICY 21st #,.@ : @ 5. 3 1
V.C. G OVINDARAJ @ THE CONFLICT OF LA S IN I NDIA @ 21st #,.@ : 11@ 5. :: 3 1
.V.H R OGERS @ INFIELD J OLO IC @ THE LA OF TORT 21 t! #,.@ : 1 @ 5. :1 3 :
4. ARTICLES.
A NDRE BURGESS @ CONSUMER ADHESION CONTRACTS AND U NFAIR TERMS A CRITI8UE OF
CURRENT THEORY AND SUGGESTION 21 3 1 An lo Americ$n 4" : 1
BLEIMAIER @ JOHN ; UHN @ DOCTRINE OF COMITY IN PRIVATE I NTERNATIONAL LA 2: C)t!.
L) . <: @ 1 71 3 :
JOHN P. T OMAS E S;I @ THE E NFORCEABILITY OF ADHESIVE ARBITRATION CLAUSES IN
I NTERNATIONAL SOFT ARE LICENSES < J. TECH. L. POL Y 21 3 1<
; AUSTUV M. D AS@ NOTE @ FORUM 7SELECTION CLAUSES IN CONSUMER CLIC; RAP AND
BRO SE RAP AGREEMENTS AND THE QR EASONABLY COMMUNICATED Q TEST @ ASH.
L. REV. 1@ : 2: :3. 1
; IMBERLIANNE PODLAS @ LET THE BUSINESS BE ARE CLIC; 7 RAP AGREEMENTS I N
I NTERNATIONAL B: C E7COMMERCE @ J. L. B's. < @ : 1 1
MAR; A L EMLEY @ I NTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND SHRIN; RAP LICENSES @ S. CAL.
LA . REV. 1:< @ 1: 7 < 21 3 1
TANA PISTORIUS @ CLIC; 7 RAP AND EB7 RAP AGREEMENTS @ 1 S. A&%. M#%+)"ti-# L.J.
: 1
TODD D R A;OFF @ CONTRACTS OF ADHESION A N ESSAY IN R ECONSTRUCTION 21 <3
8$r($rd 4" 11 1
ILLIAM J. C ONDON @ JR .@ ELECTRONIC ASSENT TO O NLINE CONTRACTS DO COURTS
CONSISTENTLY E NFORCE CLIC; RAP AGREEMENTS 1 R#(#"t U. L. R#/. << : <7: .
1
5. DICTIONARIES.
HENRY CAMPBELL BLAC; @ BLAC; 4S LA D ICTIONARY 2 t! #,.@ 5. :3
7. I( +&(+ R+) :&;+).
A%t. <.1 @ UNDROIT P%i"+i5-#s. A($il$ble $t
!tt5 .'"i,%$it.$%( #"(-is! 5%i"+i5-#s +$"t%)+ts 5%i"+i5-#s: .5,& 2-)st /isit#, A'(
1 @ : 1<3 1:
G)% D'""@ O"7Li"# C$"t%)+t F$% )ti$" - C$"t%)+ti"( Iss'#s &$% B'si"#ss#s $" t!# N#t
2: 13@ A($il$ble $t httl2://(t (.dunn.c om/l9er/ll9$er%13.shtml 2-)st /isit#, A'( 1 @
: 1<3 1
G-#"" M'%%) @ Is t!# I"t#%"#t Hist$% 4s G%#)t#st H$)K O+t$0#% 1 @ : @ A($il$ble $t
!tt5 .is")%#.+$ 2-)st /isit#, A'( 1 @ : 1<3 1<
R$!)s N)(5)-@ E-#+t%$"i+ C$"t%)+ts )", t!# I",i)" L) i" E7+$ #%+#7L#()- Iss'#s@ Asi)"
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/isit#, A'( 1 @ : 1<3 1
6. L A! R EPORTS .
THE 1 <RD R EPORT OF THE LA COMMISSION OF I NDIA 21 3 1:
THE 1 TH R EPORT OF LA COMMISSION OF I NDIA 2: 3 1:
SYNOPSIS OF F ACTS
<PARTIES =
I. #/s $s ; Bhull$r 2P)%t 13 is ) 5)%t"#%s!i5 &$% #, 0 $"# N)%#",%) N)t! D)s )", )"$t!#%
P%# #",%) P)- Si"(! B!'--)% &$% t!# 5'%5$s#s $& i 5$%t #K5$%t $& ($$,s. M%. B!'--)% is )"
#%st !i-# !)+=#%@ t#+! )", s$&t )%# i )%,.
II. #/s Business Solutions 2P)%t :3 is ) N$%t! ;$%#)" C$ 5)" @ !i+! )"'&)+t'%#s
5)+=)(#, s$&t )%# $& t!# B%)",7 V)--# @ #)"t &$% E"t#%5%is# R#s$'%+# P-)""i"( 2ERP3.
<CONTRACT BET!EEN THE P ARTIES =
P)%t 1 #"t#%#s i"t$ ) +$"t%)+t it! P)%t :4s 0%)"+! )t N# D#-!i 2I",i)3 &$% i 5$%ti"( )
+$"si(" #"t@ !i+! +$"t)i"#, 0$K 5)+=)(#, s$&t )%# )"'&)+t'%#, 0 P)%t :.
<ENSUIN$ E VENTS =
1. A&t#% t!# %#+#i5t $& t!# +$"si(" #"t $" J)"')% 1 @ : <@ t!# C'st$ s4 $&&i+i)-s $5#" t!# s#)-
$& t!# +$"t)i"#%.
2. M%. B!'--)% t)=#s $"# $& t!# 0$K 5)+=)(#s )", $5#"s it. T!# 0$K 5)+=)(# is 5%i"t#, i"
M)",)%i". T!# $"- E"(-is! $%,s #%#
<4icense 5o. = 1!6 /11/)1 Be $re: Shrin0 r$2 'lic0 >r$2 Bro se >r$2 = ,roduct of 5orth ?ore$ All "i hts ,rotected under A22lic$ble 4$ s.@
3. It is "$t#, t!)t #/#% $t!#% 0$K $t!#% t!)" t!# $"# t)=#" 0 M%. B!'--)%@ is 5%i"t#, i" E"(-is!.
<ACTIVITIES OF M R . B HULLAR =
S YNOPSIS OF F ACTS
1. C$"s#9'#"t- @ M%. B!'--)% t)=#s $'t t!# CD@ -#)/#s t!# )"')- )", $t!#% 5)5#%s i"si,# t!#
0$K )", %'"s it $" !is !)",!#-, Li"'K "$t#0$$= +$ 5't#%. T!is +$ 5't#% !)s "$ )"ti7/i%'s
s$&t )%# $% -i+#"s#, O5#%)ti"( S st# .
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i"t#%"#t +$""#+ti$". I" %#s5$"s#@ !# +$""#+ts t$ t!# I"t#%"#t &$--$ i"( !i+!@ ) #0sit# $5#"s
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$& t!# s$&t )%# )", )s /#% 5-#)s#, t$ $5#%)t# t!# s) #. T!is 5%$+#ss t$$= 1< i"'t#s.
<OTHER E VENTS =
1. M#)" !i-#@ t!# C'st$ s4 $&&i+i)-s s$'",s )" )-#%t t!)t t!# +$"t)i"#% +$"t)i"#, s$ # 0$K#s !i+! #%# 5i%)t#, )", "$"7$%i(i")- /#%si$".
2. P)%t 1 i #,i)t#- ,#+i,#s t$ s#", t!# +$"si(" #"t 0)+= t$ P)%t :.
3. A&t#% )55%$Ki )t#- 1 #)%@ 1 $"t! )", 1< ,) s 2F#0%')% :<@ : 3@ P)%t 1 %#+#i/#s )
"$ti+# &%$ ) -) &i% $" 0#!)-& $& P)%t :. It st)t#s 7 t!# 's)(# $& Li+#"s# N$. 1 < 11 :1
2herein$fter LN3 !)s %#s'-t#, i"t$ 5i%)+ ,'# t$ s$ # !)+=i"( i" T'%= #"ist)" )", t!$'s)",s $& 5i%)t#, +$5i#s !)/# 0##" ),# $'t $& it. It &'%t!#% st)t#s firstl* t!)t "$ ) $'"ts t$ )%,s
t!# s)i, Li+#"s# N$. !)s #/#% 0##" ),# )", secondl* t!)t t!# +-i#"ts )%# +$"t# 5-)ti"(
)+ti$" '",#% TO -) s )", &'%t!#% ,# )", i #,i)t# i"t#%i ,) )(#s '",#% t!# I",i)"
-) s $& -i+#"s# &##s &$% )t -#)st 1 @ +$5i#s.
<THE L ITI$ATION =
I. ,$rt* 1 i"stit't#s ) s'it i" t!# O%i(i")- si,# $& D#-!i Hi(! C$'%t )", )=#s UOI )s 1 st
D#&#",)"t 2t!# 5)%t is -)t#% $"@ ,#-#t#, )s ) ,#&#",)"t3 )", P)%t : )s t!# : ", D#&#",)"t.
P)%t 1 5%) s firstl* t!)t ,#+-)%# t!)t t!#%# is "$ +$"t%)+t')- %#-)ti$" 0#t ##" t!# 5)%ti#s
!)ts$#/#% )", secondl* $" )++$'"t $& t!is )0s#"+#@ 5)ss )" )"ti7s'it i"*'"+ti$" $% %#-i#& $&
si i-)% ")t'%# )()i"st P)%t :.
II. ,$rt* ) &i-#s )" )55-i+)ti$" U O. R. 11 )", i" )-t#%")ti/# %)is#s ) +$'"t#%7+-)i i" t!#
&$--$ i"( t#% s
'. Ass' 5ti$" $& *'%is,i+ti$" 0 t!# Hi(! C$'%t ,'# t$ t!# 5-)+# $& +)'s# $& )+ti$".
S YNOPSIS OF F ACTS
>. H$-, )", ,#+-)%# #Kist#"+# $& +$"t%)+t')- %#-)ti$" 0#t ##" P)%ti#s 1 : &$% t!# LN.
;. D#+-)%# t!)t P)%t 1 is's#, LN@ !i+! %#s'-t#, i" t!# 5i%)+ )", +$'"t#%&#it +$5i#s.
,. G%)"t ,) )(#s t$ t!# t'"# $& +$5i#s 5i%)t#, ti-- ,)t# '-ti5-i#, 0 its '"it 5%i+#.
III. T!# H$"40-# Hi(! C$'%t %#)-i #s t!)t t!# )tt#% i"/$-/#s s'0st)"ti)- 9'#sti$" )", )55$i"ts
t $ L,. A,,. S$-i+it$% G#"#%)- )s Amicus 'uri$e. M#)" !i-#@ t!# L,. Att$%"# G#"#%)-
5%) #, 0#&$%# t!# S'5%# # C$'%t &$% t%)"s&#% $& t!# +)s#. T!# S'5%# # C$'%t )--$ s t!#
5%) #% )", t!# )tt#% is "$ -ist#, &$% &'%t!#% )%(' #"ts.
STATEMENT OF ? URISDICTION
T!# H$"40-# S'5%# # C$'%t is /#st#, it! *'%is,i+ti$"@ t$ !#)% t!# 5%#s#"t t%)"s&#%%#, )tt#%
'",#% A%ti+-# 1< A $& t!# C$"stit'ti$" $& I",i) )", )-s$ )s t!# +)'s# $& )+ti$" )%is#s it!i"
t!# *'%is,i+ti$" $& t!# H$"40-# C$'%t '",#% S. : $& t!# Ci/i- P%$+#,'%# C$,#@ 1 .
139A. Transfer of certain cases
19 >here c$ses in(ol(in the s$me or subst$nti$ll* the s$me uestions of l$ $re 2endin
before the Su2reme 'ourt $nd one or more 8i h 'ourts or before t o or more 8i h 'ourts $nd the Su2reme 'ourt is s$tisfied on its o n motion or $n $22lic$tion m$de b* the Attorne*
Cener$l of Indi$ or b* $ 2$rt* to $n* such c$se th$t such uestions $re subst$nti$l uestions
of ener$l im2ort$nce the Su2reme 'ourt m$* ithdr$ the c$se or c$ses 2endin before
the 8i h 'ourt or the 8i h 'ourts $nd dis2ose of $ll the c$ses itself: ,ro(ided th$t the
Su2reme 'ourt m$* $fter determinin the s$id uestions of l$ return $n* c$se so ithdr$ n
to ether ith $ co2* of its jud ment on such uestions to the 8i h 'ourt from hich the c$se
h$s been ithdr$ n $nd the 8i h 'ourt sh$ll on recei2t thereof 2roceed to dis2ose of the
c$se in conformit* ith such jud ment
)9 The Su2reme 'ourt m$* if it deems it eD2edient so to do for the ends of justice tr$nsfer
$n* c$se $22e$l or other 2roceedin s 2endin before $n* 8i h 'ourt to $n* other 8i h
'ourt
S. 20.Other suits to be instituted where defendants reside or cause of action arises .-
Subject to the limit$tions $fores$id e(er* suit sh$ll be instituted in $ 'ourt ithin the loc$l
limits of hose jurisdictionE
$9 the defend$nt or e$ch of the defend$nts here there $re more th$n one $t the time of the
commencement of the suit $ctu$ll* $nd (olunt$ril* resides or c$rries on business or
2erson$ll* or0s for $inF or
b9 $n* of the defend$nts here there $re more th$n one $t the time of the commencement of
the suit $ctu$ll* $nd (olunt$ril* resides or c$rries on business or 2erson$ll* or0s for
$in 2ro(ided th$t in such c$se either the le$(e of the 'ourt is i(en or the defend$nts ho
S TATEMENT OF J URISDICTION
do not reside or c$rr* on business or 2erson$ll* or0 for $in $s $fores$id $c uiesce in
such institutionF or
c9 the c$use of $ction holl* or in 2$rt $rises.
ISSUE 1
HETHER OR NOT @THE MATTER IS MAINTAINABLE IN THE HON 4BLE SUPREME COURT OF
INDIA .
ISSUE 2
HETHER OR NOT @THERE IS A VALID CONTRACT BET EEN THE PARTIES FOR LICENSE NO .
1 < 11 :1.
ISSUE 3
HETHER OR NOT @ THERE HAS BEEN MISUSE OF THE L ICENSE NO. 1 < :1 11@HICH HAS
RESULTED INTO THE COUNTERFEIT AND PIRATED COPIES BEING MADE .
ISSUE 4
HETHER OR NOT @DAMAGES SHOULD BE GRANTED FOR THE PIRATED COPIES .
SUMMARY OF AR$UMENTS
I. T HE ANTI -SUIT I N?UNCTION FILED BY THE P LAINTIFF IS M AINTAINABLE FOR T HREE
R EASONS .
F@&) " t!# )"ti7s'it i"*'"+ti$" &i-#, U O. < R. 1 $& CPC +)" 0# i"/$=#, )s it is it!i" t!#
+$'%t4s 5$ #% t$ ,$ s$.
S+; (, " t!# ,#&#",)"t is ) #")0-# t$ t!# 5#%s$")- *'%is,i+ti$" $& t!# +$'%t.
L') " t!#%# is "$ +$"t%)+t')- %#-)ti$"s!i5 0#t ##" t!# 5)%ti#s.
II. T HERE IS NO V ALID CONTRACT BET!EEN THE P ARTIES FOR L ICENSE N O . 1983 11 21
FOR FOUR REASONS .
F@&) "t!#%# is "$ /)-i, +$"t%)+t &$% s)-# $& ($$,s '",#% T!# S)-# $& G$$,s A+t@ 1 < .
S+; (, " t!# +$"t%)+t is '"+$"s+i$")0-# $" t!# 0)sis $& (#"#%)- 5%i"+i5-#s $& +$"t%)+t -) .
T @&, "S!%i"=7 %)5@ C-i+=7 %)5 )", B%$ s#7 %)5 )(%## #"ts )%# -#()-- '"#"&$%+#)0-# i"
I",i).
L') " #"&$%+#)0i-it $& t!# s) # i-- "$t -#), t$ s#-#+ti/# -iti()ti$".
III. T HERE IS NO M ISUSE OF THE L ICENSE N O . 1983 11 21 BY THE P LAINTIFF " FOR FOUR REASONS .
F@&) "t!#%# )s "$ +$"t%)+t')- %#-)ti$"s!i5.
A +&(' @ + "M%. B!'--)% is "$t -i)0-# &$% "#(-i(#"t !)",-i"( $& t!# )&$%#s)i, -i+#"s# "$.
1 < 11 :1.
IV. T HUS " t!#%# )%is#s "$ %i(!t $& t!# ,#&#",)"t t$ s##= ,) )(#s.
, "G4I#I5A"H UGSTIO5S
<I= ISSUE !HETHER OR NOT" THE MATTER IS MAINTAINABLE IN THE
HON’BLE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA.
I" t!# $5i"i$" $& t!# Amicus 'uri$e t!# )tt#% -ist#, 0#&$%# t!# H$"40-# S'5%# # C$'%t $& I",i) is ), issi0-# )s 7
<I.1.= SUBMISSION THE ANTI -SUIT I N?UNCTION FILED U O. 39 R. 1 IS
M AINTAINABLE .
¶ 1. It is !' 0- $5i"#, 0 t!# Amicus 'uri$e t!)t t!# 5-)i"ti&& +)" 5%) &$% )" A"ti7s'it
i"*'"+ti$" 0#&$%# t!# H$"40-# Hi(! C$'%t $& D#-!i )s it is "$t 0)%%#, 0 -) 1 )", t!# +$'%t
%#s#%/#s t!# 5$ #% t$ 5)ss s'+! )" i"*'"+ti$" i" t!# )55%#!#"si$" $& 5%$+##,i"(s i" t!#
TO &i-#, 0 ) &$%#i(" #"tit .
A IT IS !ITHIN THE P O!ER OF THE C OURTS TO $RANT THE I N?UNCTION .
¶ 2. I" t!is +$"t#Kt@ it ) 0# "#+#ss)% t$ 5$i"t $'t t!)t I",i)" C$'%ts !)/# (%)"t#, )"ti7
s'it i"*'"+ti$"s t$ 5%$!i0it 5%$+##,i"(s i" &$%#i(" +$'%ts. : T!# +$'%ts !)/# i"!#%#"t 5$ #%
t$ iss'# t# 5$%)% i"*'"+ti$"s i" +)s#s@ !i+! #%# "$t +$/#%#, 0 t!# 5%$/isi$"s $& O.
< R. 1@ CPC.< It ,$#s "$t -) ,$ " %'-#s &$% ('i,)"+# i" %#s5#+t $& )-- sit')ti$"s "$% ,$#s
it s##= t$ 5%$/i,# %'-#s &$% ,#+isi$" $& )-- +$"+#i/)0-# +)s#s@ !i+! ) )%is#. M$%#$/#%@
i"!#%#"t *'%is,i+ti$" $& t!# +$'%t t$ )=# $%,#% eD debito justiti$e is '",$'0t#,- )&&i% #,
0 S. 1 1 $& t!# C$,#.
1 M)"$!)% L)- C!$5%) (. R)i B)!),'% R)$ R)*) S#t! Hi%)-)-@ 1 : AIR : 1 : SCR S'5-. 213 . : ONGC (. #st#%" C$ $& N$%t! A #%i+)@ AIR 1 SC 21 3 1 SCC . < Su2r$ "$t# )t 1 See $lso @ M)90'- A! #, (. O"=)% P%)t)0@ 21 < 3 < B$ LR <<.
MULLA @ THE CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE 21 t! #,.@ : 1:@ V$-. 13. ?1 1@ CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE @ 2ACT OF 1 3. V.C. G OVINDARAJ @ THE CONFLICT OF LA S IN I NDIA @ 21st #,.@ : 11@ 5. :: 3.
ARGUMENTS A DVANCED
¶ 3. I" ),,iti$"@ t!# Hi(! C$'%ts@ i" t!#i% $%i(i")- *'%is,i+ti$" !)/# !#-, t!)t t!# 5$ #%
U O. < R. 1 +)" 0# #K#%+is#, #/#" i& t!# ,#&#",)"t ,i, "$t %#si,# it!i" t!# -i its $&
*'%is,i+ti$" )", is ) "$"7%#si,#"t &$%#i("#%.
[I.1.B.] ?UDICIAL P RONOUNCEMENTS IN F AVOR OF THE SUBMISSION .
¶ 1. I" O5C' (. >estern 'o of 5orth Americ$ 1+t!# S'5%# # C$'%t %#st%)i"#, )"
A #%i+)" +$ 5)" &%$ 5%$+##,i"( it! ) s'it &i-#, i" N# Y$%= s##=i"( t$ +$"&i%
) )%,s ),# i" I",i) i" ) ,is5't# ($/#%"#, 0 I",i)" -) .11
¶ 2. T!# *',( #"t $& #odi Gntert$inment 5et or0 (. >SC 'ric0et ,te 4td @1: !i+! )s
si i-)% t$ t!# 5%i"+i5-#s -)i, ,$ " i" ,,5 ,o er Cener$tin 'o. 4td. (. ,,5 #$uritius9
'o. @1< s!#,s -i(!t $" t!# 5%i"+i5-#s i"/$-/#, i" A"ti7s'it i"*'"+ti$"s
213 I" #K#%+isi"( ,is+%#ti$" t$ (%)"t )" )"ti7s'it i"*'"+ti$" t!# +$'%t 'st 0# s)tis&i#, $&
t!# &$--$ i"( )s5#+ts 7
). T!# ,#&#",)"t@ )()i"st !$ i"*'"+ti$" is s$'(!t@ is ) #")0-# t$ t!# 5#%s$")-
*'%is,i+ti$" $& t!# +$'%t
0. I& t!# i"*'"+ti$" is ,#+-i"#, t!# #",s $& *'sti+# 1 i-- 0# ,#&#)t#, )",
i"*'sti+# 1 i-- 0# 5#%5#t')t#, )",
+. T!# 5%i"+i5-# $& +$ it 1 %#s5#+t &$% t!# +$'%t i" !i+! t!# +$ #"+# #"t
$% +$"ti"')"+# $& )+ti$" 5%$+##,i"( is s$'(!t t$ 0# %#st%)i"#, 'st 0# 0$%"#
i" i",
M'"(-# C!)", (. G$5)- R) @ 21 3 < C)- :<< * +, @( M'-+!)", (. Gi-- C$.@ 21 : 3 B$ : <@ : < IC 1 .
D!)"%)* Y'('-=is!$%# (. B)0'-)- R) +!)",%)@ AIR 1 < B$ : 21 <3 B$ : BLR < See $lso @ ;' )% G)"() (. P%it!i+!)", L)-@ 21 ::3 1 P)t < .
S it! (. I",i)" T#Kti-# C$.@ AIR 1 : A-- 1< 21 : 3 ILR A-- Su2r$ "$t# )t . M ULLA @ 5. : 1 Su2r$ "$t# )t :. 11 B%itis! I",i)" St#) N)/i()ti$" C$. Lt,. (. S!)" '(!)/i-)s C)s!# I",'st%i#s )", O%s.@ 1 2 3 ELT 1 2SC3. 1: M$,i E"t#%t)i" #"t N#t $%= (. SG C%i+=#t Pt# Lt,@ AIR : < SC 11 2: <3 SCC < 1 See $lso IR )", ICS 2P/t3 Lt, (. J#""#%@ F#"t$"@ S-),# Lt,@ AIR : < B$ 1 . 1< PPN P$ #% G#"#%)ti"( C$. Lt,. (. PPN 2M)'%iti's3 C$ .@ 2: 3 < A%0 LR < 2: 3 MLJ < 2: 3 1: C$ C)s#s 2M),3 . 1 Ai%0's I",'st%i#s GIE (. P)t#- )", O%s.@ 21 3 : A-- ER : A +!# P%$,'+ts I"+. (. $%=#%s C$ 5#"s)ti$" B$)%,@ 21 <3 1 : DLR . 1 C)st)"!$ (. B%$ " R$$t 2U;3 Lt,. )", A"%@ 1 1 AC See $lso D ICEY AND M ORRIS @ CONFLICT OF
LA S 21< t!
#,.@ 1 @ 5. 3.1 BLEIMAIER @ JOHN ; UHN @ DOCTRINE OF COMITY IN PRIVATE I NTERNATIONAL LA 2: C)t!. L) . <: @ 1 7 1 3.
ARGUMENTS A DVANCED
2:3 D#t#% i")ti$" $& )55%$5%i)t# &$%' 1 2 &orum con(eniens 3 !#" $%# t!)" $"# &$%'
)/)i-)0-# i" -i(!t $& +$"/#"i#"+# $& 5)%ti#s@ $55%#ssi$" )", /#K)ti$". 1
2<3 2 3
2 3 T!# 0'%,#" t$ #st)0-is!i"( t!)t t!# &$%' $& t!# +!$i+# is ) forum non-con(eniens $%
t!# 5%$+##,i"(s t!#%#i" )%# $55%#ssi/# $% /#K)ti$'s 1 $'-, 0# $" t!# 5)%t s$
+$"t#",i"( t$ )/#% )", 5%$/# t!# s) #. :
¶ 3. O"# $& t!# +%it#%i) 's#, 0 &$%#i(" C$'%ts t$ (%)"t )"ti7s'it i"*'"+ti$"s@ ") #-
5%#/#"ti$" $& $55%#ssi/# 5%$+##,i"(s@ )s %#+$("i #, i" /O Tr$ctoroeD2ort #osco
(. T$r$2ore ; 'o. )1 !#%# )" i"*'"+ti$" )s $%,#%#, %#st%)i"i"( ) 5)%t &%$ 5%$+##,i"(
it! )" )%0it%)ti$" 5%$+##,i"(s i" R'ssi) $" t!# (%$'", t!)t s'+! )" )%0it%)ti$" $'-, 0# $55%#ssi/#.::
[I.1.C.] T HE DEFENDANT !AS AMENABLE TO THE P ERSONAL ? URISDICTION OF
THE I NDIAN C OURTS .
¶ 1. T!# #odi +)s#4s:< &i%st +%it#%i$" is t!# #Kist#"+# $& 5#%s$")- *'%is,i+ti$" '5$" t!#
,#&#",)"t. I" $%,#% t$ '",#%st)", t!# +$"t#Kt $& 5#%s$")- *'%is,i+ti$"4@ t!# Amicus
'uri$e !' 0- s'0 its t!# +)s# $& '*bersell Inc (. '*bersell Inc $nd Ors @ :
!i+! +-#)%- -)i, ,$ " t!# +#-#0%)t#, t!%##7&$-, t#st &$% ,#t#% i")ti$" $& 5#%s$")- *'%is,i+ti$"
13 T!# "$" %#si,#"t ,#&#",)"t 'st ,$ s$ # )+t $% +$"s' )t# s$ # t%)"s)+ti$" it!
t!# &$%' $% 5#%&$% s$ # )+t 0 !i+! !# 5'%5$s#&'-- )/)i-s !i s#-& $& t!#
5%i/i-#(# $& +$",'+ti"( )+ti/iti#s i" t!# &$%' @ t!#%#0 i"/$=i"( t!# 0#"#&its )",
5%$t#+ti$"s
:3 T!# +-)i 'st 0# $"# !i+! )%is#s $'t $& $% %#s'-ts &%$ t!# ,#&#",)"ts &$%' 7
%#-)t#, )+ti/iti#s )",
1 M)+s!)""$" (. R$+= )%# G-)ss Lt,.@ 21 3 1 A-- ER : . 1 N)i= (. B)-/)"t@ AIR 1 : B$ 1< 21 : 3 : B$ LR 1< S## )-s$@ V)"i+!)", (. L)=!i +!)",@ 21 : 3
B$ L)=! i%) (. P$$") C!)",@ 21 :13 B$ AIR 1 :1 B$ 1: N$%t! #st Ai%-i"#s@ I"+. (. R S C$. S.A@ 1 F.S'55.:, < 2: 13. 1 ;)%)!) B$,)s C$.@ LLC (. P#%'s)!))" P#%t) 0)"()" Mi" )= D)" ()s B' i N#()%)@ : 1 AB8B 1 :. : Su2r$ "$t# )t 1:. :1 V O T%)+t$%$#K5$%t@ M$s+$(. T)%)5$%# C$.@ AIR 1 1 SC 1 1 SCR 2<3 <. :: JUSTICE R S B ACHA AT @ LA OF ARBITRATION AND CONCILIATION 2 t! #,.@ : 1 @ V$-. I@ 5. 1 3. :< Su2r$ "$t# )t 1:. : C 0#%s#-- I"+(. C 0#%s#-- I"+ )", O%s.@ 1< F.<, 1 .
<3 EK#%+is# $& *'%is,i+ti$" 'st 0# %#)s$")0-#.:
¶ 2. &irstl* t!# N$%t!7;$%#)" ,#&#",)"t !), #"t#%#, i"t$ t!# +$"t%)+t &$% i 5$%ti"(
t!%$'(! its I",i)" 0%)"+! )t N# D#-!i. : Secondl* @ t!# +$"si(" #"t )s %#+#i/#, it!i"
t!# I",i)" T#%%it$% .: 4$stl* it is )"i&#st t!)t t!# N$%t!7;$%#)" ,#&#",)"t 5'%5$s#&'--
)/)i-#, its#-& )t its I",i)" 0%)"+! it! t!# i"t#"ti$" $& +$",'+ti"( 0'si"#ss it!i" I",i) :
)", t!# ,is5't# %#()%,i"( t!# %#+#i5t $& +$"si(" #"t )%$s# )t $"# 5$%t@ !i+! &$% s 5)%t
$& t!# I",i)" T#%%it$% .: M$%#$/#%@ t!# #K#%+is# $& *'%is,i+ti$" 0 I",i)" +$'%ts i"
%#-)ti$" t$ t!# 5%#s#"t +)s# is %#)s$")0-# )s &$% t!# +$"/#"i#"+# $& 0$t! t!# 5)%ti#s )", it
t!#%#&$%# !)s 5#%s$")- *'%is,i+ti$" $/#% t!# ,#&#",)"t.
[I.1.D.] C AUSE OF ACTION AROSE !ITHIN THE L IMITS OF ? URISDICTION OF I NDIA .
¶ 1. I" t!is +$"t#Kt@ t!# Amicus 'uri$e $'-, ,## "#+#ss)% t$ s'0 it t!# +)s# $&
5$nd$n Iron $nd #et$l Indutries (. &ents* Inc. + T!# &)+ts $& t!# +)s# )%# 2$ri m$teri$ t$
t!# 5%#s#"t +)s# )s i" t!is +)s#@ t!# 5-)i"ti&& #"t#%#, i"t$ ) +$"t%)+t it! ) &$%#i("
+$ 5)" i"+$%5$%)t#, i" U"it#, St)t#s $& A #%i+) &$% t!# s'55- $& 0%)ss ,%$ss $&
(')%)"t##, 5#%+#"t $& #t)--i+ %#+$/#% . T!# &$%#i(" +$ 5)" !), 0##" +)%% i"( $" its
0'si"#ss i" I",i) t!%$'(! its 0%)"+!. T!# $&&#% &$% s'55- )s (i/#" )", ) +$"t%)+t si("#,
0 )" I",i)" 0%)"+! $" 0#!)-& $& ) &$%#i(" +$ 5)" i" N# D#-!i. <1
It )s !#-, t!)t ) s'it )()i"st t!# &$%#i(" +$ 5)" +$'-, 0# &i-#, i" N# D#-!i. <: It is t!#%#&$%# s'0 itt#, t!)t
t!# +)'s# $& )+ti$" U S. : $& t!# CPC << )%$s# it!i" t!# -i its $& *'%is,i+ti$" $& I",i). <
¶ 2. In $r uendo ) +)s# ) 0# ), issi0-# i& t!# +)'s# $& )+ti$" )%is#s $'tsi,# I",i) 0't
t!# &$%#i("#% +)%%i#s $" 0'si"#ss t!%$'(! its )(#"t it!i" t!# -$+)- -i its $& )" I",i)"
+$'%t.< Si i-)%- i" t!# 5%#s#"t +)s#@ t!# N$%t!7;$%#)" +$ 5)" !), ) 0%)"+! )t N#
D#-!i 2I",i)3 t!%$'(! !i+! it +$"t%)+t#, it! t!# 5-)i"ti&&. <
: B)--)%, (. S)/)(# F.<, 1 @ 1 2 t! Ci%. 1 3. : MOOT PROPOSITION @ 5. 1. : Id. : Id. : Id. < N)",)" I%$" )", M#t)- I",'t%i#s (. F#"ts I"+@ AIR 1 : D#- < . <1 D M'!) ), S!)&i (. ;)%) )t A-i@ 21 3 PR Sit) R) (. R) C!)",%) 21 1 3 PR : . <: Su2r$ "$t# )t @ MULLA @ 5. . << Su2r$ "$t# )t @ ? : 2+3. < ;LF S st#- Lt,. (. F'*its' ICIM Lt,@ AIR : 1 D#- < . < C!'""i-)- ;)st'%+!)", (. D'",)55) D) 55)@ AIR 1 1 B$ 1 21 3 ILR B$ . < Su2r$ "$t# )t : .
[I.1.E.] INDIAN C OURTS ARE THE O!"# $ O%&'%('%S .
¶ 1. T!# 0)si+ 5%i"+i5-# is t!)t ) st) i-- 0# (%)"t#, $" t!# (%$'", $& forum non-
con(enience !#%# t!# +$'%t is s)tis&i#, t!)t t!#%# is s$ # $t!#% )/)i-)0-# &$%' @ !)/i"(
+$ 5#t#"t *'%is,i+ti$"@ !i+! is t!# )55%$5%i)t# &$%' &$% t!# t%i)- $& t!# )+ti$".< T!#
,#&#",)"t is +$"t# 5-)ti"( 5%$+##,i"(s i" t!# TO. S'+! ) 5%$+##,i"( $'-, firstl* 0#
$55%#ssi/#< )", /#K)ti$'s < &$% t!# 5)%ti#s i"/$-/#,@ )s i"+$"/#"i#"+# $'-, 5%#/)i- i&
t!# 5-)i"ti&& is '"&)i%- t%$'0-#, t$ )tt#", i"t#%")ti$")- 5%$+##,i"(s. Secondl* !)/i"(
5%$/#, t!)t I",i)" +$'%ts !)/# 5#%s$")- *'%is,i+ti$"@ it is s)&# t$ +$"st%'# t!)t I",i)"
+$'%ts )%# +$ 5#t#"t t$ t)=# '5 t!# 5%$+##,i"(s@ i& )" @ &i-#, 0 t!# ,#&#",)"t@ t!'s@
,## i"( I",i)" +$'%ts )s &orum 'on(eniens .
¶ 2. In $r uendo @ i" t!is +$"t#Kt it ) 0# "#+#ss)% t$ 5$i"t $'t t!)t t!#%# is "$ 5%$5#%
)-t#%")t# &$%' )/)i-)0-# it! t!# ,#&#",)"ts )s it +)""$t i" )" ) @ i"iti)t# 5%$+##,i"(s
'",#% t!# TO -) s. T!'s@ t!# $"- %# )i"i"( 5%$5#% )/)i-)0-# &$%' %# )i"s it! t!#
I",i)" +$'%ts.
[I.1.F.] T HERE IS NO C ONTRACTUAL R ELATION BET!EEN THE P ARTIES .
¶ 1. T!# 5-)i"ti&& )", ,#&#",)"t -)+= )" +$"t%)+t')- %#-)ti$" 1 i" %#()%,s t$ t!# iss'# $&
5i%)+ @ !i+! t!# ,#&#",)"t s##=s t$ %)is# i" t!# TO. : T!#%# is "$ +$""#+ti$" 0#t ##"
t!# ,#&#",)"t )", t!# 5-)i"ti&& it! %#()%,s t$ )" )--#(#, #Kist#"+# $& ) +$"t%)+t $" t!#
0)sis $& !i+! t!# 5i%)+ !)s %#s'-t#,. O" )++$'"t $& s'+! )0s#"+#@ t!# Amicus 'uri$e is
$& t!# $5i"i$" t!)t it $'-, 0# '"*'st@ i"+$"/#"i#"t < )", '"&)i% $" t!# 5)%t $& t!#
,#&#",)"t t$ i 5-#), t!# 5-)i"ti&& i" ) 0)s#-#ss 5%$+##,i"(.
<I.2.= SUBMISSION THE SUIT IS C ORRECTLY INSTITUTED U S. 20 OF CPC.
¶ 1. T!# s'it &i-#, i" t!# H$"40-# Hi(! C$'%t $& D#-!i 0 t!# 5-)i"ti&& is +$%%#+t- i"stit't#,
< S5i-i),) M)%iti # C$%5$%)ti$" (. C$"s'-#K Lt, .@ [1 ] AC . < M+H#"% (. L# is 21 :3 :: C! D < . < S#tt-# #"t C$%5. (. H$+!s+!i-,@ [1 ] C! 1 21 3 < A-- ER C$!#" (. R$t!&i#-,@ [1 1 ] 1 ;B 1 @
1 [1 1 71 ] A-- ER : @ : :. M)+S!)""$" (. R$+= )%# G-)ss Lt,@ [1 ] A.C. )t 5. 1: [1 ] 1 A-- E.R. : )t 5. < 2H.L.3 St.
Pi#%%#(. S$'t! A #%i+)" St$%#s 2G)t! )", C!)/#s3 Lt,. [1 < ] 1 ;.B. < : )t 5. < 2C.A.3. 1 Infr$ @ SUBMISSION [II]@ 5. . : Su2r$ "$t# )t : @ 5. :. < SNI A#%$s5)ti)-# /s. L## ;'i J)= A"%@ 21 3 < A--.ER 1 .
ARGUMENTS A DVANCED
)s S. : 2)3 5%$/i,#s t!)t s'its ) 0# i"stit't#, !#%# t!# ,#&#",)"t +)%%i#s $" 0'si"#ss.
It is s'0 itt#, t!)t t!# N$%t!7;$%#)" +$ 5)" +)%%i#, $" its 0'si"#ss t!%$'(! its 0%)"+!
i" N# D#-!i )", it! t!is 0%)"+!@ t!# +$"t%)+t it! t!# 5-)i"ti&& )s ),#.
¶ 2. T!# i"t#"ti$" $& t!# #K5%#ssi$" +)%%i#s $" 0'si"#ss4 is %#-)t#, t$ t!# 0'si"#ss i" !i+!
) )" ) +$"t%)+t ,#0ts )", is -i)0-# t$ 0# s'#, 0 5#%s$"s !)/i"( 0'si"#ss t%)"s)+ti$"s
it! !i . It is t$ 0# "$t#, t!)t t!# 0'si"#ss "##, "$t 0# +)%%i#, $" 5#%s$")-- . It ,$#s
"$t i"/$-/# )+t')- 5%#s#"+# $% 5#%s$")- #&&$%t. T!# ,#&#",)"t )s "$t 5#%s$")--
i"/$-/#, i" t!# 0'si"#ss $% 5%#s#"t 0't !), +$"t%)+t#, it! t!# $t!#% 5)%t t!%$'(! t!#
I",i)" 0%)"+!.
¶ 3. At t!is *'"+t'%#@ it ) 0# %#-#/)"t t$ st)t# t!# +)s# $& ?$nshi "$m (. ule "$i 36
!#%# ) B$ 0) &i% !), ) 0%)"+! $&&i+# )t A %its)%@ !#%# $%,#%s #%# %#+#i/#, s'0*#+t
t$ +$"&i% )ti$" 0 t!# !#), $&&i+# )t B$ 0) . It )s !#-, t!)t t!# 5)%t )s -i)0-# t$ 0#
s'#, )t A %its)%@ !#%# t!# 0%)"+! #Kist#,.
¶ 4. M$%#$/#%@ i"Cu$rdi$n Assur$nce (. Shi($ #$n $l 3! ) +$ 5)" )s i"+$%5$%)t#,
$'tsi,# I",i) ,i, 0'si"#ss i" ) 5-)+# i" I",i) t!%$'(! its )'t!$%i #, 0%)"+!. T!# 0%)"+!
)s s'55$s#, t$ )++#5t i"s'%)"+# 5%$5$s)-s@ )", t$ 5) +-)i s@ )", t$ ,$ $t!#% i"+i,#"t)-
$%=. It )s !#-, t!)t t!# 5-)+# $& +)%% i"( 0'si"#ss )s I",i).
¶ 5. O" ) +-#)% 5#%'s)- $& t!# -) st)t#,@ it +)" 0# +$"+-',#, t!)t t!# N$%t!7;$%#)"
+$ 5)" )s +)%% i"( $" its 0'si"#ss4 i" I",i) )t t!# N# D#-!i 0%)"+! )", t!'s@ t!# s'it
is +$%%#+t- i"stit't#, i" t!# O%i(i")- Si,# $& t!# Hi(! C$'%t $& D#-!i.
Su2r$ "$t# )t @ ? : 2+3. G$s ) i (. G$/#%,!)"-)-*i@ 21 3 ILR 1 B$ 1. M't!) ) (. A--)"@ 21 :3 ILR M), : S!i/0!)( )" (. O"=)% )-@ AIR 1 : B$ ::<. Su2r$ "$t# )t @ MULLA @ 5. ;)"s!i R) (. D'-# R)i@ AIR 1 << L)! 11 21 <3 1 L)! :. G')%,i)" Ass'%)"+# (. S!i/) M)"()-@ AIR 1 < A-- : 21 < 3 ILR A-- :< . ? @ THE DELHI H IGH COURT ACT 2ACT : OF 1 3.
# G"ITS
<II=ISSUE !HETHER OR NOT" THERE IS A VALID CONTRACT BET!EEN
THE PARTIES FOR LICENSE NO. 1983 11 21.
¶ 1. I" t!# $5i"i$" $& t!# Amicus 'uri$e t!# +$"t%)+t 0#t ##" t!# 5)%ti#s &$% Li+#"s# N$.7
1 < 11 :1 is '"#"&$%+#)0-#. &irstl* it is s'0 itt#, t!)t t!#%# #Kists "$ /)-i, +$"t%)+t &$%
s)-#. Secondl* t!# +$"t%)+t 0#t ##" t!# 5)%ti#s is '"#"&$%+#)0-# 0#+)'s# it is
'"+$"s+i$")0-#. Thirdl* @ %#- i"( '5$" *',i+i)- 5%#+#,#"ts &%$ +$ $" -) *'%is,i+ti$"@
it is s'0 itt#, t!)t s!%i"=7 %)5@ +-i+= %)5 )", 0%$ s# %)5 )%# '"#"&$%+#)0-#.
Altern$tel @ i" )" +)s# i& t!# +$'%t !$-,s t!# )&$%#s)i, +$"t%)+t t$ 0# ) /)-i, $"#@ it i-- 0# )()i"st 5'0-i+ 5$-i+ . Altern$tel* @ i& t!# +$"t%)+t is !#-, t$ 0# #"&$%+#)0-# 0 t!# +$'%t@
it i-- (i/# %is# t$ s#-#+ti/# -iti()ti$".
1 S UBMISSION THERE IS NO VALID C ONTRACT FOR SALE .
¶ 2. A +$"t%)+t &$% s)-# '",#% T!# S)-#s $& G$$,s A+t 1 "#+#ssit)t#s s$ # 5%#7%#9'isit#s.
T $ s'+! 5%#7%#9'isit# )%# firstl* t!# "##, $& ,#-i/#% 4 &%$ $"# 5)%t t$ )"$t!#% )",
secondl* t!# ($$,s s!$'-, 0# $& #%+!)"t)0-# 9')-it .
A T HERE IS NO D ELIVERY OF THE $ OODS .
¶ 3. T!# 5%$5#%t i" t!# ($$,s is s'55$s#, t$ 5)ss )&t#% t!# ,#-i/#% )", s'++#ss&'- t#sti"(
)", $t!#% sti5'-)ti$"s )s 5%$/i,#, i" t!# +$"t%)+t. : T!#%#&$%#@ t$ 5%$/# t!)t 5%$5#%t i"
t!# ($$,s !)s 5)ss#, &%$ t!# ,#&#",)"t t$ t!# 5-)i"ti&&@ it is i 5#%)ti/# t!)t t!# ,#-i/#%
$& t!# +$"si(" #"t !)s t$ t)=# 5-)+# . <
I $ "STO)* +AS +(T, T,' $ "STO#S - O ($(A S .
¶ 4. I" t!is +$"t#Kt@ it ) 0# )55%$5%i)t# t$ %#5%$,'+# S. $& T!# C'st$ s A+t )s
st)t#, !#%#'",#%
<37. "estrictions on custod* $nd remo($l of im2orted oods.
1 THE SALE OF GOODS ACT 2ACT < OF 1 < 3. : Us!) B#-t%$" Lt,. (. St)t# $& P'"*)0@ 2: 3 SCC . < Su2r$ "$t# )t 1@ ? <<.
? 213@ THE CUSTOMS ACT@ 2ACT : OF 1 :3.
ARGUMENTS A DVANCED
19 S$(e $s other ise 2ro(ided in $n* l$ for the time bein in force $ll im2orted oods
unlo$ded in $ customs $re$ sh$ll rem$in in the custod* of such 2erson $s m$* be $22ro(ed
b* the 'ommissioner of 'ustoms until the* $re cle$red for home consum2tion $re or $re
$re housed or $re tr$nshi22ed in $ccord$nce ith the 2ro(isions of 'h$2ter III.@
¶ 5. I" -i(!t $& t!# 5%#s#"t &)+ts@ it ) 0# st)t#, t!)t t!# C'st$ s4 $&&i+i)-s &i%st $5#"#,
t!# C$"si(" #"t )", it )s i" t!#i% +'st$, . M$%#$/#%@ t!# ($$,s #%# "$t (i/#"
+-#)%)"+# )s t!# +$"si(" #"t +$"t)i"#, s$ # +$'"t#%&#it#, ($$,s. N$ $t!#% &$% )-it
)s &$--$ #, i" $%,#% t$ t%)"s&#% t!# +'st$, &%$ t!# C'st$ s4 $&&i+i)-s t$ t!# 5-)i"ti&&.
¶ /. D#-i/#% is ,#&i"#, )s The form$l $ct of tr$nsferrin somethin the i(in or
*ieldin 2ossession or control of somethin to $nother .4 It is s'0 itt#, t!)t +$"t%$-
+$'-, "$t !)/# 0##" t%)"s&#%%#, it!$'t t%)"s&#%%i"( t!# +'st$, &%$ t!# +'st$ s4
$&&i+i)-s.
[II.1.A. II3.]T ,'!' (S % O A$$' TA%$' +(T,O"T ) ' (&'!* .
¶ 1. T!#%# is "$ )++#5t)"+# $& ($$,s U S. : it!$'t ,#-i/#% . S. : %#9'i%#s t!)t t!#
,#-i/#% s!$'-, t)=# 5-)+# i" $%,#% t$ )tt%)+t )++#5t)"+# $% %#*#+ti$" 0 t!# 0' #%. E/#"
i& t!#%# )s ,#-i/#% @ it is t$ 0# "$t#, t!)t t!# #%# &)+t t!)t t!# 0' #% !)s t)=#" ,#-i/#%
$& t!# ($$,s ,$#s "$t ) $'"t t$ )" )++#5t)"+#. I" t!# 5%#s#"t +)s#@ t!#%# !)s 0##" "$
,#-i/#% )s t!# ($$,s #%# '",#% t!# +'st$, $& t!# C'st$ s4 $&&i+i)-s )", +$"s#9'#"t-
t!#%# )s "$ )++#5t)"+#.
¶ 2. T!'s@ it is $5i"#, 0 t!# Amicus 'uri$e t!)t si"+# ,#-i/#% %#9'i%#s t%)"s&#%%i"( $&
+'st$, )", it is +'st$, t!)t 5%$/i,#s &$% +$"t%$-@ t!# s) # is -)+=i"( i" t!# 5%#s#"t +)s#
)", t!#%#&$%#@ t!#%# is "$ ,#-i/#% $& ($$,s )s s'+! )", t!# 5-)i"ti&& !)s "$t )++#5t#, t!#
($$,s t!#%#$&.
Su2r$ "$t# )t : @ 55. 1@:. Id. HENRY CAMPBELL BLAC; @ BLAC; 4S LA D ICTIONARY 2 t! #,.@ 5. :3. A RT . 1@ HALSBURY S@ LA S OF E NGLAND 2<%, #,.@ V$-. @ 5. 1 3. Su2r$ "$t# )t 1@ ? :. H)%, C$. (. Hi--#%"s )", F$ -#%@ [1 :<] 1 ;B @ 5 <@ 5#% GREER J.
ARGUMENTS A DVANCED
[II.1.B.] A ! "'%)O THE $ OODS !ERE NOT ACCEPTED DUE TO N ON -
M ERCHANTABLE UALITY .
[II.1.B. I3.] T ,' OO)S +'!' %OT O # '!$,A%TA ' "A (T* .
¶ 1. It is s'0 itt#, t!)t t!# 5!%)s# M#%+!)"t)0-# 9')-it 4 is "$t ,#&i"#, )" !#%# i" t!#
-#(is-)ti$". A++$%,i"( t$ ) +$ #"t)% $" T!# S)-# $& G$$,s@ P OLLOC; M ULLA 's#
t!# 5!%)s# )s t!# 9')-it !i+! ) %#)s$")0-# )"@ )+ti"( %#)s$")0-#@ $'-, )&t#% ) &'--
#K) i")ti$" )++#5t it '",#% t!# +i%+' st)"+#s $& t!# +)s# i" 5#%&$% )"+# $& !is $&&#% t$
0' t!)t )%ti+-#@ !#t!#% !# 0' s &$% !is $ " 's# $% t$ s#-- )()i". 1 I" $t!#% $%,s@ t!#
t#% #%+!)"t)0-# 9')-it 4 st)",s t)"t) $'"t t$ +$ #%+i)-- s)-#)0-#4. !#" ) 0'-= is
,#-i/#%#, i" ) +$"t%)+t@ it is 5%$5#% &$% t!# 0' #% t$ s+%'ti"i # ) &# $& t!# s) 5-#s $'t $&
t!# 0'-= )", &$% t!# %#s5$"s# $" t!# 0)sis $& t!# 9')-it $& t!$s# s) 5-#s. :
¶ 2. O" ) +-$s# )", +)%#&'- )")- sis $& t!# &)+ts@ it +)" 0# +$"+-',#, t!)t t!# ($$,s
%#+#i/#,@ it )s )--#(#, t!)t s$ # s) 5-#s #%# 5i%)t#, )", "$"7$%i(i")- < )", t!'s@
)++$%,i"( t$ ) %#)s$")0-# )"4s /i# @ t!# s) # #%# "$t +$ #%+i)-- s)-#)0-#.
[II.1.B. II3.]T ,' OO)S +'!' %OT A$$' T') )"' TO T,' "A (T* .
¶ 1. E/#" i& t!#%# )s ,#-i/#% @ it is t$ 0# "$t#, t!)t t!# #%# &)+t t!)t t!# 0' #% !)s t)=#" ,#-i/#% $& t!# ($$,s ,$#s "$t ) $'"t t$ )" )++#5t)"+# '"ti- t!# ($$,s )%# $&
#%+!)"t)0-# 9')-it $% i" $t!#% $%,s t!#%# is "$ )++#5t)"+# '"ti- t!# ($$,s )%# $&
#%+!)"t)0-# 9')-it . S. 1 $& T!# S)-# $& G$$,s A+t +)%%i#s t!)t t!#%# is )" i 5-i#,
+$",iti$" it! %#()%,s t$ t!# #%+!)"t)0-# 9')-it $& t!# ($$,s s$ %#+#i/#,@ !i+! )s
2rim$ f$cie "$t t!# +)s# )", t!# 0' #% !)s t!# %i(!t t$ %#*#+t t!# ($$,s i& t!# s) 5-#s ,$
"$t +$"&$% t$ t!# #%+!)"t)0-# 9')-it $& t!# ($$,s.
¶ 2. It is )-%#), s'0 itt#, t!)t t!# ($$,s #%# "$t $& #%+!)"t)0-# 9')-it )", t!'s@ t!#
$5i"i$" $& t!# Amicus 'uri$e t!)t t!# 0' #% !), "$t +$"/# #, !is )++#5t)"+# 0 )"
#)"s !)ts$#/#% )", t!#%#&$%# t!#%# is "$ +$"t%)+t')- %#-)ti$" 0#t ##" t!# t $ 5)%ti#s i"
1 Su2r$ "$t# )t @ MULLA @ 5. 1 . : M F%) %$s# C$ (. St)t# $& M)!)%)s!t%)@ 21 3 STC < 2B$ 3 R'tt$"*# (. J) "),)s@ 21 :3 B$ :.
< Su2r$ "$t# )t : @ 5. :. Su2r$ "$t# )t . Su2r$ "$t# )t 1@ ? 1 . M F%) %$s# C$ (. St)t# $& M)!)%)s!t%)@ 21 3 STC < 2B$ 3. Su2r$ "$t# )t 1@ ? 1.
<II.2.= SUBMISSION CONTRACT IS UNENFORCEABLE BECAUSE IT IS
UNCONSCIONABLE .
[II.:.A.] UNCONSCIONABILITY AS A P RINCIPLE OF C ONTRACT L A! .
¶ 1. T!# 5%i"+i5-#s $& +$"t%)+t -) )%# $-, )", #%# &$% '-)t#, )t ) ti # !#" t!#%# )s
"$ i"t#%"#t. A" i 5$%t)"t )s5#+t $& +$"t%)+t -) is +$"s#"s's ), i,# $% ##ti"( $&
i",s. T!# ##ti"( $& i",s i" + 0#%s5)+# )s "#/#% #"/is)(#,@ )-$"( it! t!# /)-i,it
)", #&&#+t $& t!# 's# $& #-#+t%$"i+ $&&#% )", )++#5t)"+#. S$ t!# ),/#"t $& t!# 's# $&
#-#+t%$"i+ +$ '"i+)ti$"s &$% +$ #%+i)- t%)"s)+ti$"s 5$s#, '"#K5#+t#, )", +$ 5-#K
-#()- 5%$0-# s. 1 T!#s# '"+#%t)i"ti#s -)%(#- &-$ &%$ t!# s!i&t &%$ 5)5#% t$ #-#+t%$"i+
t%),i"(@ )", t!# 5%)+ti+)- st#5s i"/$-/#, i" "#($ti)ti"( ) +$"t%)+t . :
¶ 2. O& -)t#@ *'%is5%',#"+# %#()%,i"( #7+$ #%+# !)s ,#/#-$5#, )t ) %)5i, 5)+#. < T!#
I",i)" C$"t%)+t A+t@ 1 : ($/#%"s t!# )""#% i" !i+! +$"t%)+ts )%# ),# )", #K#+'t#,
i" I",i) !i-# +$'"t%i#s@ -i=# t!# U"it#, St)t#s @ C)"),) )", t!# E'%$5#)" U"i$"
!)/# ),$5t#, #-)0$%)t# -#(is-)ti$" &$% #7+$ #%+#. !i-# "# +$ #%+# $" t!# I"t#%"#t
!)s 5$s#, ,i&&i+'-t t$ t!# *',i+i)% @ it !)s "$t &'",) #"t)-- +!)"(#, t!# 5%i"+i5-#s $& +$"t%)+t. T!#%#&$%#@ #st)0-is!#, 5%i"+i5-#s $& +$"t%)+t -) i-- 0# )55-i+)0-# i" t!#
5%#s#"t +)s#.
¶ 3. T!#s# +$"t%)+ts )%# 0 ")t'%# +$"t%)+ts $& ),!#si$"7 t!# 5$ssi0i-it $& "#($ti)ti$" is
#K+-',#, $"# si 5- ,#+-)%#s $"# s )++#5t)"+# $% ($#s it!$'t@ #"t#%i"( i"t$ ) +$"t%)+t.
U"+$"s+i$")0i-it is ) ,#&#"s# t$ +$"t%)+ts t!#%#&$%#@ it ) 0# 's#, t$ 5%#/#"t t!#
R ODNEY D R YDER @ I NTRODUCTION TO I NTERNET LA AND POLICY 21st #,.@ : @ 5. 3.
POLLOC; M ULLA @ I NDIAN CONTRACT AND SPECIFIC R ELIEF ACTS 21 t! #,.@ : 1:@ 5. < 3. TANA PISTORIUS @ CLIC; 7 RAP AND EB7 RAP AGREEMENTS @ 1 S. A&%. M#%+)"ti-# L.J. : .
1 Id. : BENJAMIN RIGHT @ THE LA OF ELECTRONIC COMMERCE EDI@ FAX AND E7MAIL TECHNOLOGY @ PROOF @
AND LIABILITY 2<%, #,.@ 1 1@ 5. :< 3. < R OBERT BOND @ SOFT ARE CONTRACT AGREEMENTS TECHNI8UES IN STRUCTURING AND NEGOTIATING
CONTRACTS R EVIE AND A NALYSIS @ 2t! #,.@ : @ 5. 3. R$!)s N)(5)-@ E-#+t%$"i+ C$"t%)+ts )", t!# I",i)" L) i" E7+$ #%+#7L#()- Iss'#s@ Asi)" S+!$$- $& C 0#%
L) s@ M)%+! t! @ : @ A($il$ble $t !tt5 ,i+t. i $%) .($/.i" '5-$),s )tt)+! #"ts + 0#%_+%i # #-#+t%$"i+7 +$"t%)+ts.5,& 2-)st /isit#, A'(@ 1 @ : 1<3.
U NIFORM ELECTRONIC TRANSACTIONS ACT 21 3. U NIFORM ELECTRONIC COMMERCE ACT 21 3. D IRECTIVE : <1 EC L1 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND COUNCIL @ TH JUNE : . R#(ist#%.+$ @ I"+(. V#%i$@ I"+.@ 1: F. S'55 :, :< 2Dist.C$'%t S.D.N.Y : 3.
ARGUMENTS A DVANCED
#"&$%+# #"t $& +#%t)i" t#% s $& ) +$"t%)+t. T)=# it $% -#)/# it t 5# +$",iti$" i 5$s#, is )
ARGUMENTS A DVANCED
+-#)% #/i,#"+# $& '"#9')- 0)%()i"i"( 5$ #% 1 t!)t #Kists 0#t ##" t!# t $ 5)%ti#s.
U"+$"s+i$")0i-it is s##" )s ,#&#",)"t7si,#,4 )", +$"+#%"#, it! ,#&#",)"t4s
I " %$O%S$(O%A ( (T* (% " %(T') (% )O# .
¶ 4. U"+$"s+i$")0-# ,#)-i"(s -$$= t$ t!# +$",'+t $& t!# st%$"(#% 5)%t i" )tt# 5ti"( t$
ARGUMENTS A DVANCED
#"&$%+#@ $% %#t)i" -)%(#% 0#"#&it &%$ t!# t%)"s)+ti$" ,'# t$ t!# 5$siti$" $& t!# 5-)i"ti&&.<
E"(-is! +)s#s 5%$/i,# s'55$%t &$% %#+$("iti$" $& (#"#%)- 5%i"+i5-# #"tit-i"( ) +$'%t t$
i"t#%/#"# $" t!# (%$'",s $& '"+$"s+i$")0-# 0)%()i"s. T!# #-# #"ts $& Alec 4obb
ARGUMENTS A DVANCED
C$r$ es9 4td. (. Tot$l Oil 67 #%# -)i, ,$ " )s $"# 5)%t 'st 0# )t ) s#%i$'s
,is),/)"t)(# /is ) /is )"$t!#%@ t!is #)="#ss 'st 0# #K5-$it#, 0 t!# $t!#% 5)%t t$ its
),/)"t)(# )", t!# t%)"s)+ti$" 'st 0# $/#%%#)+!i"(. It is s'0 itt#,@ t!)t i" t!# 5%#s#"t
+)s#@ )-- t!#s# +$",iti$"s )%# s)tis&i#,.
[II.:.A. II3.]" %$O%S$(O%A ( (T* (% T,' " %(T') S TAT'S .
ARGUMENTS A DVANCED
¶ 1. T!# (#"#%)- ,$+t%i"# $& '"+$"s+i$")0i-it is )-s$ %#+$("i #, i" t!# US. It ,$#s "$t
$"- ,#)- it! t%)"s)+ti$"s i" ($$,s@ 0't 0 )")-$( @ !)s 0##" )55-i#, t$ $t!#% =i",s $&
ARGUMENTS A DVANCED
+$"t%)+ts. T!# %#-i#& (%)"t#, 0 t!# +$'%t #Kt#",s &%$ %#&'s)- t$ #"&$%+# t!# #"ti%#
+$"t%)+ts $% t!# +-)'s#s@ !i+! )%# '"+$"s+i$")0-#. A +$"t%)+t $% +-)'s# i-- 0# !#-, t$ 0#
'"+$"s+i$")0-#@ i& it s)tis&i#s t!# t#st $& 5%$+#,'%)- )s #-- )s s'0st)"ti/#
'"+$"s+i$")0i-it !i+! i"+-',#s t!# )0s#"+# $& #)"i"(&'- +!$i+# )", t#% s
'"%#)s$")0- &)/$%)0-# t$ )%,s $"# 5)%t .
¶ 2. P%$+#,'%)- '"+$"s+i$")0i-it is i"/$=#, !#" t!#%# is )" #-# #"t $& $55%#ssi$" $%
%$"( ,$i"( i" t!# 5%$+#ss $& )=i"( t!# +$"t%)+t )", $'-, i"+-',# # 5-$ #"t $&
s!)%5 0)%()i"i"( 5%)+ti+#s )", '"&)i% s'%5%is#s@ 's# $& &i"# 5%i"t $% -)"(')(# $t!#% t!)"
E"(-is! $% t#+!"i+)- -)"(')(#@ -)+= $& '",#%st)",i"( )", i"#9')-it $& 0)%()i"i"( 5$ #%.
A-- t!# $t!#% 0$K#s #%# 5%i"t#, i" E"(-is! t!# s$&t )%# +$"si(" #"t i" 9'#sti$" )s
[II.:.A. III3.] " %$O%S$(O%A ( (T* A%) " %()!O(T !(%$( 'S .
¶ 1. A 5)%t +)" )/$i, ) +$"t%)+t i" +)s#s !#%# t!#%# is ) (%$ss ,is5)%it 0#t ##" t!#
ARGUMENTS A DVANCED
$0-i()ti$"s $& t!# 5)%ti#s@ !i+! (i/#s $"# 5)%t )" '"*'sti&i)0- #K+#ssi/#
ARGUMENTS A DVANCED
),/)"t)(#. 1S'+! #K+#ssi/# ),/)"t)(# 'st #Kist )t t!# ti # $& #"t#%i"( i"t$ t!# +$"t%)+t.
N$t $"- 'st 0# t!# ),/)"t)(# 0# #K+#ssi/#@ it 'st )-s$ 0# '"*'sti&i)0-#. I" t!# &)+ts $&
t!# 5%#s#"t +)s#@ t!#%# is ) (%$ss ,is5)%it )%isi"( &%$ t!# )&$%#s)i, +$"t%)+t.
ARGUMENTS A DVANCED
¶ 1. I" I",i) '"+$"s+i$")0-# +$"t%)+ts )%# *',(#, $" t!# (%$'",s $& 5'0-i+ 5$-i+ . : T!#
ARGUMENTS A DVANCED
t#st -)i, ,$ " 0 t!# A5#K +$'%t -) s st%#ss '5$" 5%$+#,'%)- '"+$"s+i$")0i-it . <T!#
%#9'i%# #"t $& (%#)t ,is5)%it i" #+$"$ i+ st%#"(t! $& t!# 5)%ti#s@ i"#9')-it 0#t ##" t!#
5$siti$" $& t!# 5)%ti#s )", -)st- @ !#t!#% t!# #)=#% 5)%t !)s "$ #)"i"(&'- +!$i+# 0't
ARGUMENTS A DVANCED
t$ (i/# )ss#"t t$ t!# +$"t%)+t@ $% t$ si(" $" t!# ,$tt#, -i"#.
ARGUMENTS A DVANCED
¶ 2. I" its R#5$%t $" t!# '"&)i% T#% s $& C$"t%)+t $& 1 @ t!# )s5#+t $& st)",)%, &$% $&
+$"t%)+ts i 5$si"( '"&)i% )", '"%#)s$")0-# t#% s '5$" '" i--i"( +$"s' #%s $% 5#%s$"s
!$ !), "$ 0)%()i"i"( 5$ #%. It +$"si,#%#, t!# ),#9')+ $& t!# 5%#s#"t st)t't# -) t$
ARGUMENTS A DVANCED
(i/# *'sti+# t$ t!# #)=#% 5)%t . It %#+$ #",#, ),,i"( ) "# +!)5t#% 2IV3 )", ? 2 A3
ARGUMENTS A DVANCED
¶ 3. T!# 1 t! %#5$%t $& L) C$ issi$" $& I",i) +$"si,#%#, i" (%#)t#% ,#t)i- t!# U"&)i%
2P%$+#,'%)- )", S'0st)"ti/#3 T#% s i" C$"t%)+ts. T!# %#5$%t )=#s ) si i-)% ,# )%+)ti$"@
$& 5%$+#,'%)- )", s'0st)"ti/# '"+$"s+i$")0i-it @ -i=# t!# $"#@ !i+! #Kists i" t!# USA.
A++$%,i"( t$ t!# L) C$ issi$" R#5$%t@ ) +$"t%)+t $% its t#% is 5%$+#,'%)-- '"&)i% i&
it !)s %#s'-t#, i" )" '"*'st ),/)"t)(# t$ $"# 5)%t $" )++$'"t $& t!# +$",'+t $& t!# $t!#%
[II.:.B.] T HERE IS N O M EANIN$FUL NE$OTIATION .
¶ 1. I" )" ),!#si$" +$"t%)+t@ t!# 5)%ti#s ,$ "$t "#($ti)t# 0#+)'s# t!# t#% s )", +$",iti$"s t!)t )%# 5%#s#"t#, t$ ),!#%#"ts )%# "$""#($ti)0-#. T!# -)+= $& #)"i"(&'- 0)%()i"i"(
0#t ##" t!# 5)%ti#s -#)/#s t!# ),!#%#"t i" t!# 5$siti$" t!)t t!# ,#)- is )++#5t#, $% t!#%# is
"$ ,#)-. 1 It !)s 0##" )%('#, t!)t ),!#%#"ts !)/# "$t ),# ) #)"i"(&'- +!$i+# 0
+-i+=i"( $" )" i+$" $% ,$ "-$),i"( s$&t )%#. I" s$ # +)s#s@ !#" +-i+=i"( t!# I )(%##
i+$"@ ),!#%#"ts ,$ "$t #/#" ="$ t!# ),# ) +!$i+# $& -) ,#t#% i")ti$" )ss$+i)t#,
it! t!#i% I"t#%"#t +$"t%)+t.1 1
¶ 2. I" ) +$"t%)+t@ !#%# ) 5)%t !$ is i" ) st%$"(#% 5$siti$" )", si("#, 0 ) #)=#%
ARGUMENTS A DVANCED
5)%t @ !i+! #K#%+is#s /#% -itt-# $5ti$"@ 0't t$ si(" it@ )=i"( it ) +$"t%)+t $& ),!#si$". 1 :
T!#s# +$"t%)+ts (i/# "$ s+$5# &$% "#($ti)ti$" )", st%i+t- $&&#%#, $" ) t)=# it $% -#)/# it
0)sis. 1 < S'+! +$"t%)+ts )%# +$ $"- 's#, i" t$,) 4s #+$"$ )s ) ) &$% -)%(#
+$ 5)"i#s t$ &$% 0i",i"( )(%## #"ts it! -)%(# "' 0#%s $& i",i/i,')- +$"s' #%s. I&
t!#s# +$"t%)+ts )%# !#-, t$ 0# #"&$%+#)0-#@ it i-- !)/# i,# %) i&i+)ti$"s $" t!# I"t#%"#t@
#+$"$ )", s$+i#t )t -)%(#.
ARGUMENTS A DVANCED
¶ 1. T!# I"t#%"#ts4 "# )st#% is $"# )", 5$ #%. 1 M$st $%,i")% 5#$5-# ,$ "$t %#),
t!#s# &)/$%)0-# 5%$/isi$"s )", *'%is,i+ti$" +-)'s#s $% $t!#% 5%$/isi$"s i" +-i+= %)5 $%
ARGUMENTS A DVANCED
s!%i"= %)5 )(%## #"ts. 1 E/#" i& t!# 5%$/isi$"s )%# %#),@ $st 5#$5-# ,$ "$t '",#%st)",
ARGUMENTS A DVANCED
t!# -)"(')(#. 1 T!# +$'%ts i-- "$t #"&$%+# )" '"&)i% )", '"%#)s$")0-# +-)'s# i" ) +$"t%)+t
ARGUMENTS A DVANCED
#"t#%#, i" 0#t ##" 5)%ti#s !$ )%# "$t i" #9')- 0)%()i"i"( 5$ #%. 1
¶ 2. R#)s$")0- s'&&i+i#"t "$ti+# $& t!# #Kist#"+# $& t!# +$"t%)+t')- t#% s@ '") 0i('$'s
)ss#"t t$ t!$s# t#% s 0 +$"s' #%s )", '"0i)s#, *'%is,i+ti$" +-)'s#s )%# #ss#"ti)- i&
ARGUMENTS A DVANCED
#-#+t%$"i+ 0)%()i"i"( is t$ !)/# i"t#(%it )", +%#,i0i-it . 1 A" $%,i")% +$"s' #% is 5itt#,
)()i"st -)%(# '-ti")ti$")- +$%5$%)ti$"s. T!is is %#&-#+ti/# $& t!# '"'s')- 0)%()i"i"(
5$ #% t!)t #Kists i" s'+! +$"t%)+ts $& ),!#si$". EK5$si"( +$"s' #%s t$ -iti()ti$" 0)s#,
'5$" +$"t%)+ts !)/i"( '"%#)s$")0-# t#% s )", '"#9')- 0)%()i"i"( 5$ #% i-- ($ )()i"st
t!# /#% 5'%5$s# $& +$"t%)+t -) . F$% )-- t!# %#)s$"s st)t#, )0$/# t!#%# #Kists "$ /)-i,
+$"t%)+t &$% Li+#"s# N$. 1 < :1 11.
<II.3.= SUBMISSION SHRIN -!RAP " CLIC -!RAP AND BRO!SE -!RAP
A$REEMENTS ARE UNENFORCEABLE .
¶ 1. R#- i"( '5$" *',i+i)- 5%#+#,#"ts &%$ +$ $" -) *'%is,i+ti$"@ it is s'0 itt#, t!)t
s!%i"=7 %)5@ +-i+= %)5 )", 0%$ s# %)5 )%# '"#"&$%+#)0-#. T!# #"&$%+#)0i-it $& t!#s#
ARGUMENTS A DVANCED
+$"t%)+ts !)s 0##" ,#t#% i"#, $" ) +)s#7t$7+)s# 0)sis. 1 It is s'0 itt#, t!)t i" t!# 5%#s#"t
+)s#@ t!#s# )(%## #"ts )%# '"#"&$%+#)0-#.
A SHRIN -!RAP IS U NENFORCEABLE .
¶ 2. T!# s!%i"= %)5 )(%## #"t (#ts its ") # &%$ t!# &)+t t!)t %#t)i- s$&t )%# 5)+=)(#s
)%# +$/#%#, i" 5-)sti+ $% +#--$5!)"# )", !)/# %itt#" -i+#"s#s t!)t 0#+$ # #&&#+ti/# )s
ARGUMENTS A DVANCED
s$$" )s $"# t#)%s it $5#". 11 N$ +$'%t ti-- 1 !), #"&$%+#, ) s!%i"=7 %)5 -i+#"s# )",
ARGUMENTS A DVANCED
'+! -#ss t%#)t#, t!# )s ) '"i-)t#%)- st)t# #"t $& 5%#&#%#"+#s )s ) 0i",i"( )(%## #"t. 111
¶ 3. A-s$ t!# &)+t t!)t it +$"t)i"s t#% s ),,iti$")- t$ t!$s# )(%##, '5$" )t t!# ti # $&
)++#5t)"+# $& t!# $%,#% s'+! )s t#% s ($/#%"i"( )%%)"ti#s@ ,is+-)i #%s $& -i)0i-it @
-i it)ti$"s $& %# #,i#s@ +!$i+# $& -) @ )", ) !$st $& $t!#% iss'#s t!)t i-- i" )-- 5%$0)0i-it
ARGUMENTS A DVANCED
"$t !)/# 0##" %)is#, $% ,is+'ss#, )t t!# ti # $& 5-)+i"( $& t!# $%,#% &$% t!# s$&t )%#. 11:
T!# 5%$0-# it! t!is +$"+#5t is "$t t!)t $"#4s )+ti$"s +)""$t si("i& +$"t%)+t
ARGUMENTS A DVANCED
)++#5t)"+#@ %)t!#% t!)t t!#%# is 5%$0)0- "$ ##ti"( $& t!# i",s. 11<
¶ 4. M#%# %#&#%#"+# t$ t!# t#% s )t t!# ti # $& i"iti)- +$"t%)+t &$% )ti$" ,$#s "$t 5%#s#"t
ARGUMENTS A DVANCED
0' #%s )" ),#9')t# $55$%t'"it t$ ,#+i,# !#t!#% t!# )%# )++#5t)0-#. 11 T!# 'st 0#
ARGUMENTS A DVANCED
)0-# t$ %#), )", +$"si,#% t!# t#% s i" t!#i% #"ti%#t . 11 As !)55#"s it! $st s!%i"= %)5
)(%## #"ts@ )-- t#% s )", +$",iti$"s )%# "$t 5%#s#"t#, t$ t!# 0' #% )t t!# ti # $&
5'%+!)s#. M$%#$/#%@ ),,iti$")- +$",iti$"s )%# 5%#s#"t#, t$ t!# 0' #%@ t!$s# t$ !i+! !#
ARGUMENTS A DVANCED
!), "$t +$"s#"t#, )t t!# ti # $& 5'%+!)s#. 11 T!# i"iti)- %#s5$"s# !), 0##" t$ -i it t!#
ARGUMENTS A DVANCED
¶ 5. I" Ste2-S$(er $t$ S*stems Inc (. >*se Tech 116 t!# +$'%t !#-, t!)t t!# t#% s $& t!#
s!%i"=7 %)5 -i+#"s# #%# "$t #"&$%+#)0-# 0#+)'s# St#5 S)/#% !), "$t )ss#"t#, t$ t!# . I"
US@ s$ # +)s#s s'((#st t!)t s'+! -i+#"s#s )%# '"#"&$%+#)0-#@ )s t!# )tt# 5t t$ $,i&
ARGUMENTS A DVANCED
t!# t#% s $& t!# +$"t%)+t )-%#), ),# )", '",#%st$$, 0 t!# 0' #% )", s#--#%. 11 I"
ARGUMENTS A DVANCED
s!%i"=7 %)5 -i+#"s#s@ t!# 's#% "#/#% +-i+=s $% si("s )" )(%## #"t t$ )" s'+! t#% s. 1:
R)t!#%@ t!# t!#$% $& t!# s!%i"=7 %)5 -i+#"s# is t!)t t!# 's#% )"i&#sts )ss#"t t$ t!$s#
t#% s 0 #"()(i"( i" ) 5)%ti+'-)% +$'%s# $& +$",'+t t!)t t!# -i+#"s# s5#+i&i+)--
ARGUMENTS A DVANCED
¶ 1. T!# 5!%)s# +-i+= %)5 )(%## #"t !)s its $%i(i" i" t!# s!%i"= %)5 )(%## #"t. 1:: T!#s#
)%# ,i(it)- /)%i)ti$"s $& t!# s!%i"= %)5 -i+#"s# )(%## #"ts )", )%# 0#+$ i"( $%# )",
$%# +$ $" i" #-#+t%$"i+ # +$ #%+#@ + 0#% t%),# )", #0sit# s!$55i"( !#%# "$
5)5#% +$"t%)+t 5%#+#,#s $% &$--$ s t!# )=i"( $& ) +$"t%)+t 0 t!# 5%$/i,#% t$ t!#
ARGUMENTS A DVANCED
+'st$ #%. 1:< As t#+!"$-$( #/$-/#,@ 5'%+!)s# $& s$&t )%# $++'%%#, $/#% t!# I"t#%"#t it!
ARGUMENTS A DVANCED
"$ 0$K $% 5! si+)- #,i' 0#i"( i"/$-/#,. 1: T!is -#, t$ t!# +$"+#5t $& +-i+= %)54
)(%## #"t.
¶ 2. T 5i+)-- @ +$"s' #%s +$ 5-)i"#,@ )", +$'%ts )(%##,@ t!)t@ si"+# +$"s' #%s +$'-, "$t
%#/i# -i+#"s# t#% s 2 !i+! s'0st)"ti)-- ,#/i)t#, &%$ t!# )/#%)(# +$"s' #% s
'",#%st)",i"( $& 5'%+!)s# )", s)-#3 5%i$% t$ 5'%+!)s#@ t!# #%# "$t 5)%t $& t!#
0)%()i"#,7&$% #K+!)"(#. C$"s#9'#"t- @ t!is )s5#+t $& t!# +$"t%)+t')- '",#%st)",i"( )s
'"#"&$%+#)0-#.1: L#()-it )", #"&$%+#)0i-it $& $"-i"# +$"t%)+ts )", +-i+=7 %)5
)(%## #"ts !)s 0##" ) 5%$0-# 0#+)'s# t!# +$"t)i" t!# #%+!)"t4s st)",)%, t#% s $&
+$",iti$"s 5%#5)%#, it!$'t "#($ti)ti$" $% +$"s'-t)ti$" it! t!# +'st$ #%. 1:
¶ 3. T!# 5'%+!)s#% i-- i",i+)t# t!# )ss#"t t$ t!# t#% s 0 +-i+=i"( $" t!# 0'tt$" I )(%##4@
/#% $&t#" it!$'t %#),i"( t!# t#% s@ !i+! $'-, +$"+-',# t!# +$"t%)+t $" t!# t#% s
ARGUMENTS A DVANCED
,is5-) #,. 1: F'%t!#% t!$s# +$'%ts t!)t !)/# #"&$%+#, s!%i"= %)5 )", 0%$ s# %)5 !)/#
ARGUMENTS A DVANCED
,$"# s$ t$ 5%$t#+t +$"s' #%s )()i"st +#%t)i" '"%#)s$")0-# +-)'s#s. 1: I& t!#%# !)s 0##"
) 5-# $55$%t'"it t$ )ss#"t t$ t!# &$%' s#-#+ti$" +-)'s#@ t!# )(%## #"t !)s &#)t'%#s s'+!
)s it )s %itt#" i" Q5-)i" -)"(')(#Q t!)t t!# )/#%)(# +$"s' #% +$'-, '",#%st)", its
t#% s #%# s+%$--)0-# Q )", t!is 5$%ti$" $& t!# )(%## #"t -$$=#, t!# s) #@ i" t#% s $&
ARGUMENTS A DVANCED
&$"t si # )", 5-)+# #"t@ )s t!# 0)-)"+# $& t!# +$"t%)+t. 1: I" t!# 5%#s#"t +)s#@ # +)""$t
+$"+-'si/#- s) t!)t )-- t!# )0$/# 5%#+$",iti$"s #%# &'-&i--#,.
[II.<.C.] BRO!SE -!RAP IS U NENFORCEABLE
¶ 1. A 0%$ s# %)5 )(%## #"t is )" )ss# 0-)(# $& t#% s 5%#s#"t#, #-#+t%$"i+)-- t!%$'(!
t!# 5%$/i,#% $& ($$,s $% s#%/i+#s t$ t!# $t!#% 5)%t )t s$ # 5$i"t ,'%i"( t!# +$"t%)+t')-
5%$+#ss.1< T!# (#"#%)- t#% s )", +$",iti$"s %#()%,i"( t!# 's# $& #0sit# $% ,$ "-$), $&
ARGUMENTS A DVANCED
5%$,'+ts )%# 5$st#, $" t!# #0sit#@ 's')-- )s ) ! 5#%-i"= )t t!# 0$tt$ $& t!# s+%##". 1<1
¶ 2. T!# -) !)s 5)i, s$ # )tt#"ti$" t$ t!# i 5)+t $& t#% s $& 's# $" t!# +'st$ #%s
/i%t')-- )-- t!# +$'%ts t!)t !)/# %#&'s#, t$ #"&$%+# ) 0%$ s# %)5 -i+#"s# !)/# ,$"# s$ t$
ARGUMENTS A DVANCED
5%$t#+t t!# +$"s' #%. 1<: I& +$'%ts #"&$%+# 0%$ s# %)5 -i+#"s#s )t )--@ #"&$%+# #"t s!$'-,
0# -i it#, t$ t!# +$"t#Kt i" !i+! it !)s s$ &)% $++'%%#,7)()i"st s$5!isti+)t#, +$ #%+i)-
ARGUMENTS A DVANCED
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Documents

Sample Memo (IUMCC 13)