Sample - Havard Referencing Style

8/12/2019 Sample - Havard Referencing Style

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Extract from UTAR Thesis/Dissertation Guidelines (GD-IPSR-PSU-001), Rev 3

Reference:

Author-date system

The author-date system is used to provide information for readers to locate the source ofinformation listed in the alphabetical selected bibliography or references at the end of

thesis/dissertation.Examples are as below:

Harvard Style

(a) For journals with one author

i. Walker (2000) compared reaction times ; and

ii. In a study of reaction times (Walker, 2000)

(b) For journals with maximum two authors:

i. A recent survey of perceptions of graduate students indicated the primary barrierto obtain an advanced degree is writing the thesis (Smith and Jones, 2002); and

ii. Smith and Jones (2002) concluded from a survey of graduate student perceptionsthat writing the thesis is the primary barrier to obtaining a degree.

(c) Citation more than two authors:

i. The variations in enzyme production might be due to the fact (Ahmad et

al., 1999)

ii. Ahmad et al. (1999) reported that the variations in enzyme production might be

due to the fact..

et al. can only be used in the text to replace authors name, full listing ofthe authors name should appear in the References section.

(d) Multiple references in a statement:

The variations in enzyme production might be due to the fact (Jones et al.,

1992; Brown et al., 1993; Black et al., 1994; White et al., 2011)

* List the references chronologically by publication date (i.e., the earliest first).


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Listing of References: Each reference cited in the text must belisted in the Literature Cited

(Reference) section.

Harvard Style

The style and sequence or order of arranging elements within a reference for the Harvard reference

citation style indicated below (Appendix Pfor more examples):

Authors surname, authors first name or initial and Authors surname, authors

first name, year of publication. Title of article.Full Title of the Journal, Volume

number (issue or part number), pages (use pp).

Example:

i. For 1 to 2 authorsAppleman, M.M. and Terasart, W.I., 1975. Regulation of cyclic nucleotide

phosphodiesterases.Advances In Cyclic Nucleotide Research, 1 (5), pp. 153-162.

ii. For 3 authorsHughes, J.C., Brestan, E.V. and Valle, L.A., 2004. .

iii. For more than 3 authorsHughes, J. et al., 2004.

The order of listing references is according to alphabetical by authors surname. The sequence or

order of arranging the reference in the reference list for same author will follow the chronological by

same name and alphabetical by title. As with citing the references in the thesis/dissertation text, the

format used to list the references must be consistent; each reference listed must be in the same

format.

Example:

i. Same author, same year, different title:

Dave, R.L., 2004a. Managing information

Dave, R.L., 2004b. Multimedia management

ii. Same author different year:

Jones, L.S., 2004. Critical thinking about Jones, L.S., 2006. Doing qualitative research


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Appendix P

Examples of Reference Format (Harvard style)

Journal:

Ahmad, F.B. and William, P., 1998. Rheological properties of sago starch. Journal of Agriculture andFood Chemistry, 46 (1), pp. 4060 4065.

Bakshi, A., Patnaik, P.R. and Gupta, J.K., 1992a. Pullulanase and -amylase production by aBacillus

cereusisolate.Letters in Applied Microbiology, 14, pp. 210 213.

Bakshi, A., Patnaik, P. and Gupta, J.K., 1992b. Thermostable pullulanase from a mesophilicBacillus

cereus isolate and its mutant UV 7.4.Biotechnology Letters, 14, pp. 689 694.

Kubo, A. et al., 1999. The starch-debranching enzymes isoamylase and pullulanase are both involved

in amylopectin biosynthesis in rice endosperm. Plant Physiology, 121(2), pp. 399 410.

* more than 3 authors

Conference paper (published):

Peter, S., 2009. Effects of child care on young children. Proceedings of the third annual meeting of

the International Society for Child Psychology, 3 -5 December 2009 Atlanta, Georgia. Atlanta:

Wiley, pp. 44 - 46.

Book:

John, Y.A. and Tim, M.A., 2009. Thermodynamics: an engineering approach, 2nd ed. London:

McGraw Hill.

Book Chapter:Bigelis, R., 1993. Carbohydrases. In: Nagodawithana, T., and Reed, G. (eds.).Enzymes in food

processing. New York: Academic Press Inc., pp. 121 147.

Busche, R.M., 1985. Acetic acid manufacture fermentation alternatives. In: Cheremisinoff, P. N.,

and Ouellette, R.P. (eds.).Biotechnology: applications and research. Lancaster: Technomic

Publishing Company, pp. 88 102.

Fogarty, W.M., and Kelly, C.T., 1990. Recent advance in microbial amylases.In:Microbial Enzymesand Biotechnology. 2nd ed. London and New York: Elsevier Applied Science, pp. 71 79.


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Forst, G.M., 1986. Commercial production of enzymes. In: Hudson, B.J.F. (ed.).Developments in

food protein 4. London: Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, pp. 57 81.

Maloy, S.R., Cronal, J.E., and Freifelder, D., 1994. Mutagenesis, mutations and mutants.In:

Microbial Genetic, Massachusetts: John and Bartlett Publishers, pp. 179 - 208.

Webpages:

Chaplin, M., 2004, Production of glucose syrup [Online]. Available at:

http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/biology/enztech/glucose.html [Accessed: 1 March 2005].

Hedley, C., 2002, Starch structure [Online]. Available at:

http://www.jic.bbsrc.ac.uk/staff/cliff-hedley/starch.htm [Accessed: 1 March 2005]

Thesis:

Kamariah, L., 1997. Production, properties and applications of mycelium-bound lipase of a locally

isolated strain of Aspergillus flavus link. PhD thesis, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.

Hobel, C.F.V., 2004,Access to biodiversity and new genes from thermophiles by special enrichment

methods. PhD Thesis, University of Iceland, Reykjavik.

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Sample - Havard Referencing Style