Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.10. 9.4 Land Use Pattern of Purba Medinipur 103 11. 9.5 Estimated Number of Live-Stock in the Blocks of Purba Medinipur for the Year 2007- 08 106

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1

Geography of Purba Medinipur



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3

Geography of Purba

Medinipur

Bimal Duari

EDUCREATION PUBLISHING (Since 2011)

www.educreation.in



4



5

About the Author

Bimal Duari has almost 3years of teaching experience in the field

of Geography.Presently he is Assistant Professor of Vivekananda

college of Education (B.Ed),Bajkul.

He has done his Bachelor of Science Honours Degree in

Geography From Asutosh College (Under Calcutta University)and

B.Ed from Calcutta Univesity.He has also done Master of science

From Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University,Kanpur and P.G.

Diploma in Applied Remote Sensing And GIS (Geoinformatics)

From Jadavpur University. He qualified NET, OTET, WBTET.

Presently he is PhD Research scholar in Seacom Skills

University, Bolpur, and West Bengal. His Area of Research is An

Assessment of Poverty Alleviation Programmes in Purba

Medinipur District; West Bengal.He has published 12 research

paper in internal/national level journal or Seminar.



6

Acknowledgements

The task of publishing my book depends upon various important

persons who inspire, support and encourage.Due to those persons

the planning for publishing a book executes.

First and foremost, I would like to express my deep sense of

gratitude to my respected teacher and supervisor Professor Dr.

Guru Prasad Chattopadhyay, Department of Geography, Seacom

Skills University, Bolpur. His editorial advice led many

improvements in the text.

I would like to convey my sincere thanks to my friends such

as Mr.Bablu Samanta, Kartik Das, Arup Kumar Biswas, Monotosh

Maity, Budhadev Pramanik, Amit Maity including other collogues

of our college.

I express my heartfelt thanks to my father Krittibas Duari, my

mother Subasini Duari, my sister Mrs. Alo Patra, Mrs. Sonali Saha,

Brother-in-law Arup Saha and other family members. I am also

expressing my brothers specialy Kamal Kumar Duari and Pijush

Duari for their continuous support for my work.

Last but not the least has been the continuous mental support

and ever-lasting inspiration that I received from my wife Ujjayini

through the Writing Book, to whom I remain always indebted but

can never thank adequately.

I also take this opportunity to thank all stuffs and Director of

Educreation publishing for helping me to publish my book.



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Content

CHAPTER – I:Early history of the district

1.1 Ancient History 17

1.2 Medieval History 20

1.3 Modern History 26

CHAPTER – II: Present administrative set up

2.1 Region of the State where district is located : 32

2.2 Total number of CD Blocks or the next

Administrative units after district and

changes therein including jurisdictional

changes during 2001-2011

33

2.3 Total number of Towns/Villages etc 34

2.4 Urban Local Bodies 34

2.5 Civil Administration 35

CHAPTER – III: Geological Structure

3.1 Structure: Quaternary Depositlonal Terrain 38

3.2 Influence of Structure (rocks) on the

evolution of Landforms:

40

CHAPTER–IV: Topography

4.1 Vindhyan alluvial plain 44

4.2 Coastal alluvial plain 47

CHAPTER-V: Drainage System

5.1 Rupnarayan 53

5.2 Haldi 53

5.3

5.4

Kasai

Kaliaghai

53

54



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5.5 Rasulpur 54

5.6 Canal 55

CHAPTER – VI: Climate

6.1 Temperature 57

6.2 Rainfall 58

6.3 Seasons :

6.3.1 Warm and Dry summer

6.3.2 South-west monsoon

6.3.3 North-East monsoon

6.3.4 Winter period

60

Chapter VII: Soil

7.1 Soil: Parent material types 67

7.2 Physical Soil Properties 72

7.3 Chemical Properties 76

7.4 Wetness of soil 81

Chapter VIII: Vegetation

8.1 Vegetation

8.1 .1Littoral or Swamp Forests

8.1.2 Tropical Moist Deciduous

Forests

84

8.2 Animal 85

Chapter IX: Agriculture

9.1 Pattern of Land Utilization 88

9.2 Factors and Salient features of

Agriculture in Purba Medinipur

91

9.3 Irrigation 94

9.4 Cropping pattern 97

9.5 Intensity of Cropping 102

9.6 Animal Husbandry 105

9.7 Fisheries 109

Chapter X: Industry

10.1 10.1Factors of industry:

10.1.1Capital:

113



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10.1.2 Raw material

10.1.3 Labour

10.1.4 Water:

10.1.4 Power:

10.1.5 Land:

10.1.6 Transport:

10.1.7 Market:

10.2 10.2 Nature of industry:

10.2.1 Large Scale Indusry:

10.2.2 Small Scale and Medium Scale

Industries:

123

10.3 10.3 Problems: 142

10.4 Suggestions 148

Chapter XI: Transport and Communication

11.1 Ancient period road system 155

11.2 11.2 Pre-independence period road system

(1900-1947)

156

11.3 11.3 Post independence period (after 1947) 158

11.4 11.4 Classification and The Distribution of

Roads

11.4.1 National highway

11.4.2 State highway:

11.4.3 District roads:

11.4.4 Village Roads:

169

11.5 Rail Services: 175

11.6 Waterways: 179

Chapter XII: Trade and Commerce

Chapter XIII: Population

13.1 Distribution of Population in Rural and

Urban Areas

184

13.2 Population size class and status of towns: 187

13.3 Growth Rate: 188

13.4 Density of population: 189

13.5 Sex Ratio: 192

13.6 Literacy Rate: 194

13.7 Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes

Population:

196



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List of Tables

Sr. Table Title Page

1. 5.1 Major River in Purba Medinipur 52

2. 6.1 Temperature and rainfall conditions in

Purba Medinipur district, 2003

59

3. 6.2 Seasons 60

4. 7.1 Soils of the study area 70

5. 7.2 Block wise Average Soil (Physical)

Properties of Purba Medinipur District

74

6. 7.3 Block wise Average Soil (Chemical)

Properties of Purba Medinipur District

77

7. 9.1 Classification of land utilization statistics

in Purba Medinipur district

89

8. 9.2 Block Wise Irrigated Area under

Different Sources of Irrigation In 2008

95

9. 9.3 Agricultural Land use Pattern of the

Study Area (2003-04) (Percentage of

gross cropped Area)

97

10. 9.4 Land Use Pattern of Purba Medinipur 103

11. 9.5 Estimated Number of Live-Stock in the

Blocks of Purba Medinipur for the Year

2007- 08

106

12. 9.6 Block Wise Production of Fish of Purba

Medinipur District for the year 2004-

2008

110

13. 10.1 Consumption of electricity by different

sectors in the district of Purba Medinipur,

2001-02 - 2006-07

118

14. 10.2 Electrification facilities available in the

rural areas of Purba Medinipur district,

118



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2005

15. 10.3 Existing Industries of Haldia, 2008 127

16. 10.4 Industries under construction in Haldia,

2008

132

17. 10.5 Year Wise Growth of Large Scale

Industries In The District Of Purba

Medinipur

134

18. 10.6 Handicraft Activities in the Purba

Medinipur

139

19. 10.7 Micro, Small and Medium scale

industries in the district of Purba

Medinipur, 1980 - 2001.

140

20. 10.8 Cargo traffic handled by Kolkata Port

Trust (KoPT), 2005-06- 2008-09

143

21. 11.1 Major Ancient Roads 155

22. 11.2 Major roads in the pre-independence

period

156

23. 11.3 National Highways 158

24. 11.4 Major State Highway of the district 158

25. 11.5 Major District Road of the District 158

26. 11.6 Other than District Road of the District

159

27. 11.7 Village Roads of the district 159

28. 11.8 Roads constructed under PMGSY 161

29. 11.9 MunicipaIities maintained roads in the

district of Purba Medinipur in 2006-07 (in

Km

169

30. 11.10 Block-wise Distribution of Roads under

Purba Medinipur District

173

31. 11.11 Rail Transport Facilities In the Blocks Of

Purba Medinipur District

176

32. 11.12 Ferry services in the rural areas of Purba

Medinipur district, 2006-07.

180

33. 13.1 Rural and urban population in Purba

Medinipur district with percentage to

total in bracket (1951-2011

184



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34. 13.2 Population of CD Blocks in West Bengal

by District (as per Census 2011)

186

35. 13.3 Population size class and status of towns

– 2011

187

13.4 Decadal growth rate of population in

Purba Medinipur district (1951-2011)

188

36. 13.5 Density of Population In Purba

Medinipur (1961-2011)

189

37. 13.6 Block Wise Population Density in purba

medinipur district (2011)

191

38. 13.7 sex ratio in purba medinipur district

(1951-2011).

192

39. 13.8 Block wise Sex Ratio 193

40. 13.9 The sex-wise comparative literacy trend

for the State and the district.

194

41. 13.10 Scheduled Castes And Schedule Tribes

Population In Purba Medinipur District

(1961-2011).

196

42. 13.11 Decadal change in population of Tahsils

(Sub-districts) by Residence, 2001-2011.

198



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List of Figures

Sr. Figure Title Page

1 2.1 Location of The Map 32

2 3.1 Soil Parentmaterials types and

distribution in Purba Medinipur

41

3 3.2 Quaternary Geological map of Kasai,

Damodar Basin and coastal Area of West

Bengal

43

4 4.1 Land Form Region in Purba Medinipur 46

5 4.2 Micro Relief Zone in Purba Medinipur 49

6 4.3 Contour map of purba medinipur district 50

7 5.1 Drainage Map of Purba Medinipur 54

8 6.1 Seasonal Rainfall conditions in

PurbaMedinipur.

64

9 7.1 Soil Map of PurbaMedinipur 68

10 7.2 Textural Classification of Soils in

PurbaMedinipur

7.2

11 7.3 Average Soil Conditions Of Purba

Medinipur

81

12 8.1 Vegetation Of the District 86

13 9.1 Land Utilization of

PurbaMedinipurDistrict

90

14 10.1 General Land Use Pattern in

PurbaMedinipur

120

15 10.2 Indusries senareo of Purba Medinipur 131

16 10.3 Road Map of PurbaMedinipur 171

17 11.2 South Eastern Rail Way

Route,Kharagpur Division

177

18 13.1 Nature of Rural And Urban Population 185

19 13.2 Population Density Year Wise. 190



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15

Chapter - 1

History of Purba Medinipur

1.1 Ancient History:

The history of Purba Medinipur district comprising part of

erstwhile Medinipur district is mostly associated with the ancient

port city of Tamralipta or Tamralipti. This port city is believed to

be the exit point of the trade route for the South and South-East

Asia during Mauryan era. It was located on the bank of

Rupnarayan river and was connected by roads with the major

ancient cities like Rajgriha, Shravasti, Patiliputra, Varanasi and

Taxila (Takshashila).

In the very beginning, Medinipur, now known as modern

Tamluk, used to be known as Tamralipta whose location can be

pinpointed to that tract in the east of the district which is slightly

above sea-level and intersected by numerous waterways. This part

was inhabited by tribes or communities of fishermen, boatmen and

sailors. Medinipur’s significance can be established from the fact

that it used to be the Capital of an ancient kingdom and flourished

as a sea-port. The stronghold of the Kaibarttas, fishing and boating

caste, finds adequate mention in the Pillar Edict V of Emperor

Asoka as Kevata and in the Vajrasenayi Samhita (Yajurveda) as

Kevatta.

The place called Tamralipta has been found to be mentioned

in numerous references like the great epics, Jaina texts and various

holy books. It enjoys a special pride of place due to its mention the

epic Mahabharata as Tamralipta (-lipti) or Damalipta with an entity

of its own clearly distinct from the Northern, Eastern, Central

Bengal and Suhma territories. The place has been referred



16

differently in different occasions. In Jaina Prajnapana it is

mentioned as the part of Vanga and in Dandi’s Dasakumaracharita

it is mentioned as the part of Suhma. The modern day Tamluk

constituted the Tamalites of Ptolemy and used to be the capital of

the Suhma territory. During Hiuen Tsang’s visit, Tamluk was

stretched for about 150 miles from Samatata and was about 233

miles in circuit. The land and water communication converged at

that point of the land which was ‘low and moist’ forming a bay. In

the present day, Tamluk is situated on the right bank of the river

Rupnarayan about twelve miles from its junction with the Hooghly

river falling within the jurisdiction of Purba Medinipur district.

The channels of communication were all-round with the main

route lying between the Jungle Mahals and the sea-board, thus

connecting Magadha and Suhma in the north and Kalinga in the

south. The route connecting Magadha and Suhma are still in

existence, now connecting Tamluk with Panskura, Medinipur and

Garhbeta, Simlipal along the right bank of the Dwarakeswar river,

stretching till the former Manbhum past Telkupi and Para across

the Damodar and Pareshnath hill to Rajgriha.The route connecting

Kalinga on the south stretches from Barddhaman via Riana,

Khandagosh, Arambag and Goghat through Kespur and Medinipur

to Baleswar and Puri via Danton and has existed as an age-old

route. A kind of contradiction exists regarding the dominion of

Chandragupta (321-297 B.C.) wherein it is conjectured whether the

borderland (pratyanta – desha) was a part of the empire of

Chandragupta. However, it is surmised that in all probability, it

was, because considering the significance of a port like Tamralipti,

and Chandragupta’s indomitable seize of a gargantuan proportion

of land when he took over from his predecessor, Nanda the

sovereignty of the country of the Gangaridae, i.e. Bengal, with the

probable inclusion of Tamralipti, apart from other extensions

spreading over a vast expanse i.e. from the Arabian Sea to the Bay

of Bengal.


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Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.10. 9.4 Land Use Pattern of Purba Medinipur 103 11. 9.5 Estimated Number of Live-Stock in the Blocks of Purba Medinipur for the Year 2007- 08 106