By: Samantha Correa, Logan Gillings, Anthony Gomez

This chapter is going to talk about the Europeans, Natives, and the Africans. The Africans built the western Sudanese empires. The Europeans created different inventions to help them travel. The lateen sails helped push against the wind when Europeans sailed towards wind. The natives In 1754, Benjamin Franklin influenced in creation of colonial governments. So here is a little info about this chapter.

If the Europeans didn’t sail over to America who knows if America would be a country. European has a big part to do with America

The Europeans discovered a new country we know as “America”. We still use some of the Europeans customs and beliefs.

Europe was faced with obstacles during the 14th and 17th centuries. Social hierarchy was unfair and strict. If you were poor then you would stay poor and wouldn't be able rise into a higher class so if you are born poor then you die poor. Religion in Europe was also strict because you didn’t have a choice of religion. In Europe you couldn’t be any religion that wasn’t Christianity. The queen expelled the Muslims if they weren’t Christians. And finally a HUGE obstacle that affected Europeans was the plague. When people in Europe had the plague over 25 million people died. While the French and English were still at the hundred years’ war. This concludes why the Europeans faced a lot of obstacles during the 14th and 17th centuries.

Not all European governments are the same. Most European governments are controlled by an absolute monarchy. They have a absolute monarchy because it works better for them. . European governments gave large amounts of funding for exploration and empire building. Spain's government has a catholic monarchy. Since Spain has a catholic monarchy they expelled Muslims. As a result not all governments have the same monarchy and they could be different.

Europe created different inventions to help them travel. First, there was a sail invented called "The Caravel". Portuguese and Spanish explorers used the caravel to travel. The caravel was smaller than other ships which made it easier for travel. Second, Europeans also invented a Compass, the astrolabe, and other tools to navigate around the world. Lastly, Europeans borrowed the triangular lateen sails from Muslim ships. The lateen sails helped push against the wind when Europeans sailed towards wind. As a result, the different inventions were used offend, these inventions helped then travel around the world to find land so they can call there own. The more land they had the more money they would have.

1. What was the Europeans social structure called?

2. About how many people died from the plague.

Today Native Americans are still important because we still use some of their styles. Natives have come up with a few words that we use today.

Native Americans have not only helped their selves but they also helped America somehow. Because they are still important to us.

Native Americans had Iroquois league and grand council. The Iroquois league gets arouse out of wars and fishing among Iroquois groups. The Iroquois are the most respected men in clans. The native Americans had a democracy. In 1754 Benjamin Franklin influenced in creation of colonial governments. The colonial governments were by Iroquois government. As a result native American government is different from European.

The creations Native Americans made have been very useful. First of all, the Native Americans created weaving baskets. They were woven very tight together so nothing would leak through. These baskets were made out of different types of plants. Second of all, Native Americans have a big part to do with soul food. Such as cornbread, grits, greens, and hush puppies. Natives have crops all around the world where they grow their food. Third of all, the Indians have created words that Americans have been using over the years. The words are Mississippi, hurricane, skunk, and OK. They all have their own meaning Indians made up. All together, are great inventions/creation that have not only helped native Americans but everyone else.

If it wasn’t for the Africans making a difference than today we would still have slavery. Since the Africans stood up for what they believe now they have freedom.

The Africans had their own way to deal with trades. The 3 kingdoms were different but when it came to a trade they come how related to one another.

The Africans were very unique with the way they connected outside of the world. An interesting fact is, about the African religion would be about their leaders. Within their religion they believe that the leaders have the authority. Another interesting fact would be the three major kingdoms. Songhai, Sunni Ali, and Benin made those kingdoms. These kingdoms were different from one other. And had their own rules. In addition to the first two, the African trade was different from others. The syncretism was sharing and the exchange of beliefs and goods. To conclude, the Africans had their own way to do things with their culture.

The Africans were all fighting for power and their government worked just like a monarchy. First of all, There was one kingdom out of 3 that were the wealthiest and the most powerful one. Songhai kingdom was the highest kingdom. It was the largest kingdom of West Africa. Second of all, Trade was becoming a major income with problems. The armies started to conquer the trade. They had a tax on all trade. They started to make more and more laws on trade. Lastly, Aski Muhammud was one of the first to start organizing districts. Aski Muhammad organized Soghai into districts. Each district was organized by an official government. So, it is clear to see that the Africans had a set government of people.

The Africans have a lot of innovations. Africans built the western Sudanese empires. They built the Kongo kingdom. They built major kingdoms of the west African forest region. There were allot of different African empires. The nok people built terra-cotta sculptures like this one during the first millennium BCE. They also pioneered between 500 and 450 BCE iron smelting. They have allot of innovations.

Native Americans-

Kinship: strong ties among family member ensured the continuation of tribal customs.Iroquois: built villages in forest clearings and blended agriculture with hunting and gathering.Nomadic: moving from place to place in search of food and water.

African Americans-

Songhai: gained power and wealth by controlling the Trans- Sahara trade.Kongo: arose on the lower Zaire (Congo River).Benin: dominated a large region around the Niger delta.

Europeans-

Hierarchy: any system of persons or things ranked one above another.Nuclear family: household made up of a mother and father and their children.Renaissance: a period when Europeans began investigating all aspects of the physical word.