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Progressivism
Sami Spencer, Tonianne Daniello, Jon Dery, Josh Weinick, Namal Seneviratne, and Victoria San Jose Guiote
Period 2
Video Link:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tfUYi8ehLMk
What is Progressivism?
Video Link: (Populist Party)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zRGYx5KAWAU
What is Populism?
Reform-minded journalists who wrote largely for popular magazines and exposed corrupt business practices
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hVNE0gc2MyY
Muckrakers
Ida M. Tarbell: Wrote “history of the Standard Oil Company” Exposed the Rockefeller’s unethical methods of eliminating
competition. “Mr. Rockefeller has systematically played with loaded dice” “…and it is doubtful if there has been a time since 1872 when he
has run a race with a competitor and played fair.Upton Sinclair: Wrote “The Jungle” He filled the book with nauseating knowledge he discovered
during his research on the meat packing industry. Inspired Theodore Roosevelt to call congress to pass the Pure
Food and Drug act in 1906 “I aimed at the public's heart, and by accident I hit it in the
stomach.” ― Upton Sinclair “They use everything about the hog except the squeal.” ― Upton Sinclair, The Jungle
Famous Muckrakers
New types of governmentCommissions- groups of experts that solve
problemsGalveston, Texas
Council-Manager- a city counsel that makes laws and a manger who runs the departments
Reform mayorsHazen Pingree
economics: taxes, public transportation, schools, lighting, gas
Tom Johnsonsocialist: citizens in government, circus tent
meetings
Government Reform - Local
Government Reform - StateReform Governors
Robert M. LaFollette (Wisconsin)- weakening railroad corporations and taking them out of politicsnormal taxing, commission, no free passes to
officials"Fighting Bob"
others: Charles B. Aycock, Albert B. Cummins, Joseph W. Folk
Worker protectionchild labor- children had to work to raise money
for the familyNational Child Labor Committee and Keating-
Owen Actwoman labor- Muller vs. Oregon
Government Reform - StateElections
initiative- bill organized by the peoplereferendum- vote on the initiativerecall- people force out bad public officials with
early election17th Amendment and direct election of senators
Theodore Roosevelt’s Square Deal1902 Coal Strike:
Overview: 140k Pennsylvania Coal Miners went on strike demanding a 9-hour work day, rights to organizing a union, and 20 percent raise. The mine operators did not bargain with labor leaders.
5 months into the strike, Roosevelt stepped in. He called in both parties to the White House. Coal Reserves ran low forcing schools and factories to shut
down. Hospital patients were left in the freezing cold.
Roosevelt threatened to take over the coal mines since it became a national issue, this resulted in a settlement that included wage increases and reduction in workdays.
Roosevelt found the coal miner owners to be extremely arrogant.
President Roosevelt’s actions demonstrated a new principle- when a strike threatened the public welfare, the federal government was expected to intervene.
Theodore Roosevelt’s Square DealRail Road Regulation
Overview: 1887, Congress passed Interstate Commerce Act, required railroads to publish their rates and made rebates illegal.
1903- Roosevelt urges congress to pass Elkins Act which strengthened the Interstate Commerce Act by the creating heavy fines on railroads that offered rebates and shippers who accepted rebates.
Did not help farmers!!!
1906- Hepburn Act set maximum railroad rates. Helped the farmers!!!
President Roosevelt was able to regulate Interstate Commerce by having an oversight in railroad rates.
Populism
Progressivism; Extension of Populism or Unique Reform Movement
Progressivism
Populism Mainly Poor White
Farmers
Focus on Economic Opportunity
Helped Create and was For the Middle Class
Desired More Overall Control of Government: More Say in Political Decisions, Economic Opportunity, and a More Fair Justice System
Explanation
Progressivism
Muckrakers exposed injustices through investigative journalism and literature (The Jungle by Upton Sinclair) .
Local and State Governments became more involved and helped weaken large corporations.
Square Deal focused on: Conservation of Natural Resources, Control of corporations, and Consumer Protection.
Progressivism Strategies/Events