PROJECT REPORT

TOPIC: DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HITECH

SURVEY AND TRADITIONAL SURVEY HOW IS

HI-TECH SURVEY BEING CONDUCTED. ROLE OF

REVENUE OFFICIALS IN VERIFICATION, VALIDATION,

AND PREPARATION OF ROR AND MAPS UNDER

ODISHA SPECIAL SURVEY AND SETTLEMENT ACT &

RULE 2012

Submitted by

Sambit Sangramjeet Sahoo

Addl Tahasildar,

Morada,Mayurbhanj

Submitted To :

Deputy Director

Revenue Officer

Training Institute

Hitech SurveyHitech Survey is a process of survey through Modern Technology like

Aerial Photography, High Resolution Satellite Imagery,Differential Global

Positioning System (DGPS), Electronic Total Station (ETS). In Odisha it is

carried out under Odisha Special Survey and Settlement Act and Rule

2012.

Difference between Hitech Survey and Traditional Survey

In traditional Procedure Survey were being made manually using Gunter

chain, Plane Table method, Prismatic Compass and Theodolite. It was time

consuming and more cost and man power required.

Limitations of Traditional system of surveying

Survey operations are not regular- gap between records and field reality

Associated with human errors

Out dated method- Low level of accuracy

Areas above 10 degree slope can not be surveyed

Time consuming- gap between measurement takenand final output

Maps in paper form- difficulty in updation

Reference point of land were subject to displacement.

Through Hi-Tech Survey the map is prepared digitally with highest level of

accuracy which can be preserved and updated digitally and Re-Survey is

not required. The map is Co-ordinate based having latitude and Longitude

of each point or location of the village which helps in post survey

demarcation. This Survey Process is less Time Consuming, Cost effective,

and map prepared through it is of high level accuracy.

Land is the mainstay of all developmental activities. It is impossible to

conceive development without land. Now, it is being widely regarded that

efficiency in land management is one of the indices of developmental status in

the State. In our society, ownership of land has an emotional and social value. In

an agrarian economy like ours, it is treated as an instrument for economic growth.

Ownership of land not only provides socio- economic security but also invests its

owner with certain privileges. In view of the above, survey, preparation and

maintenance of record of rights are important facets of revenue administration

particularly for odisha which is predominantly an agricultural economy. The

survey and settlement operations are being carried out in the State by following

conventional methods which are time consuming, cumbersome and

exorbitantly expensive. The very purpose of survey and settlement is defeated if

the operation takes a long time as changes in the ownership and status of land

are a continuous process. In this electronic age, as the State embarks on e-

Governance initiatives , it is necessary to revamp the survey and settlement

system to keep pace with the time to provide service that are fair, efficient and

transparent to the land owners of the State. The Govt. of India has launched a

flagship programme called "National Land Records Modernization Programme"

which inter alia provides for computerization of land records including

mutation, digitization of maps, survey/re- survey using modern technology

including aerial photography, computerization of registration and its integration

with land records maintenance system, training and capacity building of

concerned officials and functionaries. Keeping the above facts in view , the Odisha

Special Survey and Settlement Act, 2012 has been enacted which provides for

undertaking survey and settlement operations in the State by adopting modern

technology to minimize the time span without compromising quality,

transparency and grievance redressal. Instead of traditional methods like gunter

chain, Plain Table or Thedolite Survey, modern technology is being adopted which

includes Aerial photography, High Resolution Satellite Imagery, Differential Global

Positioning System and Electronic Total System During the stage of preparation of

preliminary record of rights, a team of persons shall be constituted to update and

prepare basicrecord of rights with the assistance of licensed surveyors. The team

of persons shall physically verify each plot of the concerned revenue village with

the map and shall take in to account the ground realities, changes, transfers, sub-

divisions. partitions, hereditary devolution, exchanges and the like in matters of

determining right, title and ownership of the land holdings .During the field

verification , the team of persons shall identify and demarcate lands, government

lands, lands treated as common property resources and record the same in

Preliminary Record of Rights. After preparation of preliminary record of rights

land owner wise, claims and objections are invited from the land owners and

interested persons and the same are disposed of within a maximum period of

thirty working days of filing such claims and objections by an officer not below the

rank of Tahasildar after following the prescribed procedure. The draft record of

rights including map prepared and attested by the Tahasildar shall be published

for a period of thirty days in the prescribed manner inviting claims and objections.

The claims and objections shall be disposed of in a summary manner by an officer

not below the rank of Addl. Sub- Collector within a maximum period of sixty days.

In order to prepare the record of rights and map of a village correctly, the

'Recess' in introduced where the final checking of records, fair copying,

comparing and arrangement of records alphabetically according to the names

of land owners are carried out in the prescribed manner. There after record of

rights of a revenue village are published finally under the hand and seal of the

collector.Any land owner or any person who has an interest in land may file claims

and objections against the entries of the finally published record of rights

including the map within three months from the date of final publication. The

claim and objections so filed shall be heard and disposed of by an officer not

below the rank of Addl. District Magistrate in the prescribed manner. The Act

provides that every entry in the record of rights prepared and finally

published shall be evidence of the matter referred to in such entry and shall be

presumed to be correct unless it is proved by evidence to be incorrect.

Presumption of correctness shall be attached to the later settlement entry till

such presumption is dispelled or rebutted by convincing evidence and wherever

there is conflict between the previous entry and latter entry, the latter entry must

prevail. In order to ensure efficient, accurate and transparent delivery mechanism

and conflict resolution in ownership of land, an inbuilt computerized and digital

system of maintenance of record of rights including map is essential. To

accomplish this task, adequate provisions are made under the Act for

engagement of technically qualified persons (Licensed surveyors) on outsourcing

basis to prepare maps to scale, update maps prepared in course of cadastral and

revisional survey, prepare record of rights in post mapping stage, facilitate inter

connectivity among revenue offices etc.The Odisha Special Survey and

Settlement Rules, 2012 provides elaborate procedure to carry out the purposes

of the Act and also envisages to issue technical guidelines with regard to method

of survey by modern technology, works to be done during different stages of

survey and settlement operations, the manner of maintenance and making

available the record of rights and map of a revenue village in digital form to

interested persons and the technical aspects of work of the Licensed Surveyors.

Advantages of re-survey using modern technologies

Maximum use of machines-errors due to human factors in survey and mappreparation are negated

Availability of modern techniques which are more accurate, less timeconsuming and cost effective.

Coordinate based ground control points- no fear of misplacement.

Final output in digital form- further updation

How is Hi-Tech Survey being conducted. Role of

Revenue Officials in verification, validation, and

preparation of RoR and maps under Odisha Special

Survey and Settlement Act & Rule 2012

Methods used in Hi-Tech Survey

These are of Three type

Pure ground method using ETS & DGPS.

Hybrid method using Aerial Photography and ground truthing by ETS &DGPS.

Hybrid method using High Resolution Satellite Imagery and ground truthingby ETS & DGPS.

STEPS FOR RESURVEY

1. Ground control point (gcp) establishment – monumentation2. Aerial photography or Tasking and acquisition of worldview stereo satellite

data, digitization of existing cadastral maps and authenticated up-to-daterecord of rights (ror)

3. Orthoimage generation and ground validation4. Georeferencing of cadastral map for village boundary and area

confirmation5. parcel vector generation from ortho-image6. Field validation of image derived parcel vector7. Obscured area survey8. Vectorisation and integration of mutation data up to the date of survey

notification9. integration of field survey vector with image derived vector to10.Generate the draft cadastral map11.Finalisation of draft cadastral map

Establishment of Ground Control Point Network

Primary GCPs- 16 km x 16 km

Secondary GCPs- 4 km x 4 km

Tertiary GCPS- 1 km x 1 km

Primary and Secondary GCPs have permanent value and hence need to bepreserved.

Appointment of Vendor/ Agency

The Director Land Record and Survey will appoint one or more vendor/agency

having technical qualification of Survey and Preparatin of map and ROR.

Acquisition of Stereo Satellite Data/ Aerial Photographs

Satellite data need to be procured from National Remote Sensing Agency,Hyderabad.

In other case the aerial photographs need to be taken by low flying aircraftsloaded with GPS and high resolution camera.

Geo-referencing of Sabik Digital Cadastral Map and delineation of Villageboundary on the ortho-image

After completion of Geo-referencing, the Survey Team will delineate theVillage Boundary on the ortho-image; adjust, if required, the boundary vectorat, Edge Plots to ensure that it runs on the physical demarcation features andfinalize the Village Boundary on the image. The area computed from the newlygenerated Village Boundary should be confirmed by the competent authority.

FLOW CHART OF OPERATING OF ETS(ELECTRONICS TOTAL STATION)

SETTING OF INSTRUMENT (LEVELING AND CENTERING)

↓

POWER BUTTON ON↓

GENERAL SURVEY↓

INSTRUMENT↓

ELECTRONIC LEVEL↓

CENTRING THE DEGITAL LEVEL WITH FOOT SCREW↓

ACCEPT↓

FILE / JOB↓

NEW JOB↓

GIVEN JOB NAME↓

ENTER↓

ACCEPT↓

MESURE↓

STATION SETUP↓

ACCEPT TEMPERATURE PRESSURE BY DEFULT↓

INSTRUMENT POINT NAME (GIVEN POINT NAME)↓

CODE (BASE)↓

INSTRUMENT HEIGHT (GIVEN HEIGHT FROM STONE POINTTO + MARK OF THE INSTRUMENT)↓

NORTHING - EASTING (ENTER N – E OF THIS POINT)↓

ELEVATION (GIVEN HEIGHT OF TH EPOINT FROM MEAN-SEALEVEL↓

ENTER↓

ACCEPT↓

BACK SIDE POINT NAME↓

CODE (BACK)↓

BACK SIDE HIEGHT (HEIGHT OF TH EPRIZM POLE)↓

NORTHING-EASTING OF THE BACK STATION↓

ENTER↓

INTERSECT CROSS WIRE OF THE INSTRUMENT WITH CROSSWIRE OF THE PRIZM↓

MEASURE↓

STORE (A VOICE WILL COME STATION SETUP COMPLETED)↓

MEASUREMENT OF PLOTS↓

MEASURE / SURVEY↓

MEASURE TOPO↓

POINT NAME (GIVEN POINT NAME OF CORNER OF THE PLOT)↓

ENTER↓

INTERSECT CROSS WIRE OF THE INSTRUMENT WITH CROSSWIRE OF THE PRIZM↓

MEASURE↓

STORE (A VOICE WILL COME OBSERVATION STORED)↓

MEASURE↓

STORE (A VOICE WILL COME OBSERVATION STORED) ANDCONTINUE THIS PROCESS AS PER REQUIREMENT OF THEPLOT↓

TO FIND THE CO-ORDINATE↓

FAVORITE↓

POINT MANAGER↓

TO FIND THE DISTANCE↓

COGO↓

COMPUTE INVERSE

↓FROM (GIVEN THE DISTANCE OF THE POINT WHICHREQUIRED )

TO (GIVEN THE DISTANCE OF THE POINT WHICH REQUIRED↓

MAP AND AREA↓

COGO↓

AREA CALCULATION (THE MAP AND THE AREA WILL SHOW)↓

TO CHANGE THE UNIT OF THE AREA↓

ARROW MARK↓

OPTION↓

ACRE / HECTOR / SQ. MTR ETC…. (REQUIRED UNIT WILLSHOW)↓

ACCEPTSHUT DOWN THE INSTRUMENT↓

EXIT↓

SHUT DOWN GENERAL SURVEY↓

YES↓

CLOSE THE PAGE↓

OK↓

PUSH POWER BOTTON↓

OPTION

↓

SHUT DOWNYes

FLOW CHART OF OPERATING OF DGPS (DIFFERENTIALGLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM )

SETTING OF RECEIVER CUM ANTEENA WITH TRIPOD(LEVELING AND CENTERING)↓

POWER BUTTON ON BOTH CONTROLLER AND RECEIVER↓

SURVEY CONTROLLER↓

CONFIGURATION↓

CONTROLLER↓

BLUETOOTH↓

SELECT THE SL. NO OF ANTENA/ RECEIVER↓

ACCEPT↓

CONFIGURATION↓

SURVEY STYLE↓

P P K (POST PORCESS KINAMETIC) /RTK (REAL TIMEKINAMETIC) / FAST STATIC (As per requirement)↓

BASE OPTION (CHECK & CORRECT THE PAGES)↓

ACCEPT↓

STORE↓

ESCAPE↓

FILE↓

NEW JOB↓

GIVEN JOB NAME↓

ENTER↓

ACCEPT↓

SURVEY↓

P P K / FAST STATIC / R T K (As per requirement)↓

START BASE RECEIVER↓

POINT NAME↓

ENTER↓

START↓

END↓

BASE STATION COMPLETEDSETTING OF ANOTHER RECEIVER CUM ANTEENA IN BIPODAND LEBLECONFIGURATION↓

CONTROLLER↓

BLUETOOTH↓

SELECT THE SL. NO OF ANTENA/ RECEIVER↓

ACCEPT↓

CONFIGURATION↓

SURVEY STYLE↓

P P K (POST PORCESS KINAMETIC) /RTK (REAL TIMEKINAMETIC) / FAST STATIC (As per requirement)↓

ROVER OPTION ( CHECK THE PAGES)↓

STORE↓

ESCAPE↓

FILE↓

JOB NAME (GIVEN JOB NAME)↓

ENTER↓

ACCEPT↓

SURVEY↓

P P K (POST PORCESS KINAMETIC) /RTK (REAL TIMEKINAMETIC) / FAST STATIC

↓

MEASURE POINT↓

POINT NAME (GIVEN POINT NAME)↓

ENTER↓

MEASURE (WAIT 8 MINS FOR INITIALITION) AFTER 8 MINS AVOICE WILL COME INITIALIATION HAS BEEN GAINED↓

MEASURE↓

STORE (A VOICE WILL COME OBSERVATION STORED)CONTINUE THIS PROCESS AS PER YOUR REQUIREMENT OF APLOT↓

TO FIND THE CO-ORDINATE↓

FAVORITE↓

POINT MANAGER↓

TO FIND THE DISTANCE↓

COGO↓

COMPUTE INVERSE↓

FROM (GIVEN THE POINTS OF THE DISTANCE WHICHREQUIRED)↓

TO (GIVEN THE POINTS OF THE DISTANCE WHICHREQUIRED)↓

MAP AND AREA↓

COGO↓

AREA CALCULATION (THE MAP AND THE AREA WILL SHOW)↓

TO CHANGE THE UNIT OF THE AREA↓

ARROW MARK↓

OPTION↓

ACRE / HECTOR / SQ. MTR ETC…. (REQUIRED UNIT WILLSHOW)↓

ACCEPTSHUT DOWN PROCESSSHUT DOWN ROVER RECEIVER↓

ESCAPE↓

EXIT↓

YES↓

SHUT DOWN RECEIVER↓

YESSHUT DOWN BASE RECEIVER↓

SURVEY↓

PPK↓

END GNSS SURVEY↓

YESSHUT DOWN SURVEY CONTROLLER↓

PUSH POWER BOTTON AND HOLD↓

SHUT DOWN↓

Preparatory work for Ground truthing and Obscure Area Survey

Obscured areas and Gharabari Plots are to be surveyed on Ground usingETS/ DGPS based on locally available GCPs after demarcation by concernedRl/ Amin in presence of land owners/enjoyers.

Vectors generated from Ortho-Image & DGPS/ETS survey are to beintegrated to prepare draft Village Map.

Comparison of village area of cadastral map, ortho-image and RoR data

Maximum tolerable limit – 2% between different sources of village area

For the purpose, RoR data should be up to date

In case of variation (above 2% tolerable limit) field survey is necessary forboundary demarcation.

Field survey is necessary if the village boundary falls under obscure areas orincase large scale variation in the village boundaries. The area obtainedfrom filed survey will be treated as final

Generation of Draft Village Map and RoR :

After compliance of the orders of the Camp Officer/ Tahasildar relating to oneVillage, the survey team shall furnish Village Map complete with integration oftextual data, plot schedule with area and corresponding Sabik reference in FormNo.06 (T) to the Tahasildar.

QUALITY CHECKING :

The QC checks will be done by ORSAC QC team in following stages or as whenrequired:

After generation of ortho-image.

After geo-referencing of 'Sabik' cadastral maps with the image: Georeferencingof individual parcels and the village as a whole for delineation/demarcation ofvillage boundary.

After plot vector generation and prior to ground truthing/verification:

Digitised cadastral maps of one tahasil georeferenced and verified

The geometry of parcels, the village boundary, matched andmismatchedplots as seen on the image.

Before submission of Draft Map to Tahasil for verification: The villageincompleteness, correctness of matched and mismatched parcels as identifiedby the vendor.

Before final submission: Village map as a whole and the statistics after

RoR linkage and 'Khanapuri Operation'.

Some of the bund dimensions will be verified by ORSAC for ensuringcorrectness and quality of survey by the vendor.

Pre-Survey activities

It includes

Notification of villages to be covered under Hi-tech surveyoperation byRevenue & DM Department

Planning and execution of awareness meetings at village level associatingthe vendor

Proclamation in Form No.1 by Tahasildar under Section-3 (2) of OSS&S Act,2012

Soliciting self-declaration in Form-2 from the land owners Rule 6 (1) ofOSS&S Rules, 2012 within 30 working days from the date of notification

Verification of self-declaration by Tahasildar/ Additional Tahasildar.

After verification Tahasildar prepare a verification certificate register inForm-3.

If self declaration could not be verified due to non availability of record ordue to dispute, It is to be entered in separate register in Form No- 4

Verification of Map so prepared by Vendor under Rule 7(3)

Vendor to Submission of map so prepared to Tahasildar for verificationindicating plot numbers ofexisting map/RoR and a comparative statement ofimage derived parcel area with RoR area in Form 6-T.

The Amin shall verify cent percent plots of the map and Revenue Inspector,Revenue Supervisor, Tahasildar and Sub Collector shall randomly check25%,10% 2% 1%.(Rule 7(3))

The map after necessary correction shall be displayed inLocality and GP officeand Tahasil Office.

Preparation of preliminary RoR

Team of persons shall be Constituted by Sub-Collector for preparation ofPreliminary RoR headed by a Revenue Supervisor.

Steps for preparation of prelim ROR

Preparation of abstract of RoR and plot register in Form-5 & 6

Re-verification of self-declarations with reference to above abstract and plotregister and available records

Physical verification of all plots and noting of all changes in respect ofconfiguration, area, boundaries and ownerships.

Vendor personnel shall assist the team of persons in demarcation of plotsduring the process Team of persons must ensure incorporation of all plots inexisting RoR and those obtained from self declarations in the draft map soprepared

Sub-divided plots need to be marked in broken lines Digital updation of villagemap upto a cut-off date i.e. till publication of draft RoR by Tahasildar

Preparation of land owner wise preliminary RoR in Form-7

Generation of LPM of hal plots and serving of same to land owners and officersof other Departments in Form-4(T) with display for public scrutiny for 15 days

Soliciting claims and objections within 15 days in Form-8 Disposal of all claimsand objections by Tahasildar in a summary manner within a maximum periodof 30 working days of receipt of the same ( Rule-10)

The vendor surveyor shall assist the Tahasildar for disposal of objection caseswhich may require parcel measurement

Draft Record of Rights

Draft RoR shall be prepared in Form-12 stating the orders passed in respect ofclaims and objections and shall be published for a period of 30 days (Rule-12)

Public notice shall be issued in Form-13 inviting claims and objections within aperiod of 30 days

Disposal of claims and objections in a summary manner shall be done by Addl.Sub-Collector on the basis of available records, documentary evidence andspot verification if needed within 60 days of filing of such claims/objections

Recess

Addition and alterations in the draft RoR per the orders passed by Addl. Sub-Collector

Addition and alterations in the draft RoR per the orders passed by Addl. Sub-Collector

Checking and verification of area of each plot and area and boundaries of eachrevenue village to ensure its correctness both in RoR and in maps.

Passing of new area by Tahasildar

Preparation of abstract of new RoR in Form-18 and new plot Register in Form-19

Preparation of copies of RoR in quadruplicates for final Publication

Final Record of Rights

Final RoR will be published in Form-20 under seal and signature of Collectorand shall be placed for public inspection for 30 days

Both soft & hard copies shall be prepared by the vendor for distribution amongland owner,RI, Tahasildar, Collector and DLR&S

Any person can file claim/objection against the entries of final RoR within 90days of publication of final RoR before the ADM

Disposal of claims and objections in a summary manner by ADM on the basisof available records, documentary evidence and spot verification if neededwithin 90 days of filing of such claims/objections.

After final publication of RoR and map, the soft copy and hard copy of RoR (Form20, of O.S.S & S. Rules, 2012) shall be prepared by the Survey Team and handedover to the Tahasildar for distribution as mentioned below :

1. Softcopy and hardcopy of both RoR and map to concerned Tahsildar.2. Softcopy and hardcopy of both RoR and map to concernedCollector.

3. Softcopy and hardcopy of RoR and hardcopy of map to concerned RI4. Hard copy of RoR for Individual Land Owners.

CONCLUSION :

After successfully piloting high-tech land survey in nine districts, the State

Government has decided to roll it out to other districts.The Revenue

department has been asked to work out a detailed project report (DPR) for

undertaking high-tech survey of the land in the entire State.

A sub-committee was formed under the chairmanship of Principal Secretary

IT P.K. Jena to look in to storage, security and usability of the data.

Representatives from National Informatics Centre (NIC), Directorate of Land

Records, Odisha Remote Sensing Application Centre (ORSAC) and Odisha

Computer Application Centre (OCAC) are members of the committee.

Meanwhile, Record of Rights (RoR) of all 51,675 revenue villages have

been computerised and put online in Bhulekh website. Maps of 51,612

villages have been also digitised and uploaded in the website.

.Presently, re-survey work of the land records through modern technologies

have been taken up in 9 districts namely Cuttack, Khordha, Ganjam,

Keonjhar, Deogarh, Sundargarh, Bolangir, Subarnapur and Sambalpur.