Sam Spofforth, Sam Spofforth, Executive Director, Executive Director,

Central Ohio Clean Fuels Coalition Central Ohio Clean Fuels Coalition (614) 292-5435(614) 292-5435sam@cocfc.orgsam@cocfc.orgwww.cocfc.orgwww.cocfc.org

PresentationPresentationto Great Lakes Regional to Great Lakes Regional

Pollution Prevention Pollution Prevention Roundtable, Roundtable,

September 24, 2004September 24, 2004

About COCFCAbout COCFC Non-profit organization based at OSU Non-profit organization based at OSU

Center for Automotive ResearchCenter for Automotive Research Mission: increase energy security, Mission: increase energy security,

improve AQ, strengthen Ohio’s improve AQ, strengthen Ohio’s economy by advancing alt fuels, economy by advancing alt fuels, efficient vehicles and trans techefficient vehicles and trans tech• We deploy vehicles, fuels, refueling We deploy vehicles, fuels, refueling

stations, technologies; stations, technologies; • educate policy-makers, target educate policy-makers, target

audiences, and the publicaudiences, and the public

Transportation’s Share of Transportation’s Share of Selected Air EmissionsSelected Air Emissions

CO – 79%

NOX – 49%

VOCs – 42%

CO2 – 32%

PM – 26%

Motor vehicles, especially diesel powered, also emit substantial carcinogenic pollutants.

Energy Use Within SectorsEnergy Use Within Sectors

05

10152025303540

Residential Commercial Industrial Transportation

Qua

ds

ElectricityRenewableCoalNatural GasPetroleum

8.60

12.4914.27

15.30 16.64

1998 2005 2010 2015 2020

U.S. Imported Crude Oil & Petroleum Products

(Million Barrels per Day)

47

108129

144163

1998 2005 2010 2015 2020

Annual Cost of U.S. Crude Oil & Petroleum Imports

(Billions 2000$)

Economics of OilEconomics of OilIn 1973 the U.S. imported

about 25% of oil consumed. In 2003, we imported 63%.

The true costs of petroleum (direct military, lost

investment) would add $3.67 per gallon of gas.

Many Solutions are Here Now…Many Solutions are Here Now…

BiodieselBiodiesel EthanolEthanol Natural GasNatural Gas PropanePropane HybridsHybrids Electric VehiclesElectric Vehicles Idle ReductionIdle Reduction Fuel Economy ImprovementsFuel Economy Improvements

……Others are ComingOthers are Coming

Everything Available Today plus…Everything Available Today plus… Improved/More HybridsImproved/More Hybrids More Efficient ICE/Drive Train Fuel More Efficient ICE/Drive Train Fuel

EconomyEconomy Better Electric VehiclesBetter Electric Vehicles Smaller, Lighter, Cheaper Idle Smaller, Lighter, Cheaper Idle

Elimination EquipmentElimination Equipment Hydrogen – H/NG Blends, ICE, Fuel Hydrogen – H/NG Blends, ICE, Fuel

CellsCells

Well-Well-To-To-

TankTank

Tank-Tank-To-To-

WheelWheel

Overall Well-to-Wheel Efficiency (%)Overall Well-to-Wheel Efficiency (%)

Average Average 2003 Car2003 Car 79%79% 18%18%

1999 Prius1999 Prius 79%79% 27%27%

2003 Prius2003 Prius79%79% 31%31%

2004 Prius 2004 Prius with HSDwith HSD 79%79% 37%37%

Commercial Commercial FCHVFCHV

58%58%Natural Natural gas-Hgas-H22

50%50%

Based on US-market fuels and US Based on US-market fuels and US combined fuel economycombined fuel economySource: ToyotaSource: Toyota

0 10 20 30 40

14%

21%

24%

29%

29%

WTW Efficiencies of Hybrids ImpressiveWTW Efficiencies of Hybrids Impressive

Transportation Biofuels PolicyTransportation Biofuels Policy Ohio Biofuels and Energy Efficiency Ohio Biofuels and Energy Efficiency

Task Force (March 2004 Report)Task Force (March 2004 Report) Focusing on demand side – fuel use Focusing on demand side – fuel use

incentives and infrastructure incentives and infrastructure developmentdevelopment

Other states have enacted policies – Other states have enacted policies – e.g. Minnesota, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, e.g. Minnesota, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Pennsylvania (not much yet in Pennsylvania (not much yet in Michigan or Ohio)Michigan or Ohio)

Possible Initiatives in OhioPossible Initiatives in Ohio

Biofuels (E85, B20) mandates for Biofuels (E85, B20) mandates for state fleet vehiclesstate fleet vehicles

Incremental cost buy downs Incremental cost buy downs (especially biodiesel)(especially biodiesel)

BTU-based motor fuel taxesBTU-based motor fuel taxes Retail infrastructure grantsRetail infrastructure grants Grants to improve accessibility to Grants to improve accessibility to

distributors and customersdistributors and customers B2 mandates (all diesel fuel sold)B2 mandates (all diesel fuel sold)

Questions?Questions?

Central Ohio Clean Fuels CoalitionCentral Ohio Clean Fuels Coalition930 Kinnear Road930 Kinnear Road

Columbus, OH 43212Columbus, OH 43212(614) 292-5435(614) 292-5435sam@cocfc.orgsam@cocfc.orgwww.cocfc.orgwww.cocfc.org