Sam Moore et al. v. The Weinstein Company, LLC (M.D. Tenn. 2012) (granting, inter alia, summary judgment to defendants)

7/31/2019 Sam Moore et al. v. The Weinstein Company, LLC (M.D. Tenn. 2012) (granting, inter alia, summary judgment to d

1/98

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9


2/98

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3/98

cfech}eled Sio " Nirh%

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3


4/98

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>


5/98

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8


6/98

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4


8/98

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7


9/98

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10/98

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11/98

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inn}hss Slosfes f{lelfes fe ~ghl} oh}l~s%

'm, Sxms~ie~lrh&Hrlnhe~li}| Cgi` hedhs

I`~gfxdg ~gh }h{f}~ i}dxim`| ohh~s ~gh }hyxlsl~h {}fchnx}i` c}l~h}li fb ]x`h =2 Slosfes

f{lelfes tl`` mh hwc`xnhn bf} shrh}i` lenh{henhe~ sxms~ie~lrh }hisfes%

Bl}s~ Slosfe ls ef~ yxi`lblhn ~f }henh} ~gh f{lelfes gh fbbh}s% ^gh {ìle~lbbs i}dxh ~gi~

Slosfe gis ie hs~hhohn oxslc lenxs~}| }h{x~i~lfe 'Nfcjh~ Ef% 3=4 i~ {% 4, b}fo tglcg ~gh

cfx}~ sgfx`n i{{i}he~`| {}hsxoh gls hw{h}~lsh le ~gh sxmahc~ oi~~h} fb gls }h{f}~% I`~gfxdg

99


12/98

Slosfe ch}~ile`| gis {i}~lcl{i~hn le ~gh oxslc ien }hcf}nled lenxs~}| le i exomh} fb }hs{hc~s

frh} ~gh {is~ >; |hi}s ~gh}h ls ef lenlci~lfe ~gi~ gh gis ie| hw{h}lhech 'hnxci~lfei`

{}fbhsslfei` f~gh}tlsh, }hì~led ~f ~gh lssxhs fb cfesxoh} {h}ch{~lfe cfesxoh} cfebxslfe ien

sxmahc~lrh le~he~% Bx}~gh}of}h Slosfe gis ehrh} i{{hi}hn is ie hw{h}~ le s~i~h f} bhnh}i` cfx}~

fe ie| ~f{lc `h~ i`feh ~gh sxmahc~ oi~~h} fb gls }h{f}~ ien gls i{{hi}iechs mhbf}h ~gh Cf{|}ldg~

]f|i`~| Mfi}n ien ~gh Shei~h Axnlcli}| Cfool~~hh th}h oinh le i ì| ci{icl~| fe lssxhs fx~slnh

~gh scf{h fb ~gh f{lelfes gh shhjs ~f {}hshe~ gh}h% Of}hfrh} Slosfe gis ehrh} {h}bf}ohn ie

iei`|sls fb cfesxoh} {h}ch{~lfe&cfebxslfe ien ~gh {ìle~lbbs girh ef~ sgfte ~gi~ gh gis

{xm`lsghn ie| {hh}/}hrlhthn i}~lc`hs fe ~gls ~f{lc f} ie| f~gh}% I`~gfxdg l~ oi| mh ~gi~ Slosfe

ls yxi`lblhn ~f ~hs~lb| imfx~ sfoh~gled gh ls ef~ yxi`lblhn ~f fbbh} ~gh f{lelfes hw{}hsshn le gls

}h{f}~ tglcg cfech}e cfesxoh} {h}ch{~lfes cfesxoh} cfebxslfe ien sxmahc~lrh le~he~% Shh

]fsh r% ^}xcj C~}s%, Lec% 377 Bhn% I{{w 8=7 833 '2~g Cl}% =;9;,%

Shcfen hrhe issxoled i}dxhenf ~gi~ Slosfe ls i{{}f{}li~h`| yxi`lblhn gls oh~gfnf`fd|

ls tfhbx``| nhblclhe~ ien gls f{lelfes i}h he~l}h`| s{hcxì~lrh ien cfec`xsf}|% Is ie lel~li`

oi~~h} l~ ls slo{`| lec}hnlm`h ~gi~ Slosfe tfx`n shhj ~f fbbh} gls f{lelfes tl~gfx~ }hrlhtled

ie| oi~h}li`s }hì~hn ~f ~gls cish% Shh Nftes r% [h}s~f}{ Cfo{fehe~s, Lec% 9=2 B% Sx{{% =n

9;


13/98

ni~i cferh|s }hì~lrh ~f {xm`lc {h}ch{~lfes ien ~gh nhbhenie~s i``hdhn jeft`hndh fb ~gfsh

{h}ch{~lfes le {}fnxcled ien oi}jh~led Sfx` Ohe% Bf} hwio{`h hrhe lb ~gh Sio " Nirh

rh}slfe fb Sfx` Oie th}h il}hn ~tlch is oxcg is ~gh M`xhs M}f~gh}s rh}slfe nx}led ~gh =;;4 ~f

=;99 ~loh b}ioh ~gi~ bic~ i`feh tfx`n ef~ hs~im`lsg ~gi~ ~gh Sio " Nirh rh}slfe fb Sfx` Oie

ls led}ilehn le ~gh {xm`lcs olen is Slosfe cìlos% Lenhhn ehl~gh} Slosfe ef} ~gh {ìle~lbbs

girh lnhe~lblhn i sled`h les~iech le tglcg ie|feh leslnh f} fx~slnh fb ~gh `l~ldi~lfe cfe~hw~

gis ho{`f|hn i slolì} oh~gfnf`fd| ~f ~gi~ x~l`lqhn le Slosfes }h{f}~%

^gl}n oie| f{lelfes hw{}hsshn le Slosfes }h{f}~ slo{`| girh ef bfxeni~lfe% Gls

f{lelfes }hì~led ~f tgi~ ~gh nhbhenie~s oxs~ girh jefte tghe ~gh| {}fnxchn ien oi}jh~hn

Sfx` Ohe ien l~s sfxen~}icj i}h he~l}h`| s{hcxì~lrh% Bx}~gh}of}h tl~gfx~ ie| iei`|sls f}

}hbh}hech ~f ie| ni~i f} `hdi` ix~gf}l~| gh cìlos ~gi~ ~gh bioh fb Sio " Nirh ls ~lhn ~f

~gh sfed % % % Sfx` Oie Z_ is lb ZSio " Nirh_ gin mhhe m}ienhn oi}jhn ien bf}hrh} lnhe~lblhn

tl~g ~gi~ sfed ienZ_ mhcixsh ~gh| th}h i nxfZ_ ~gh {`x}i` Sfx` Ohe tis i`sf c`hi}`| mhhe

Zslc_ {i}~ ien {i}ch` le ~gi~ m}ienled% Gfthrh} Slosfes iei`|sls fb ~gh Ohnli Dxlnh ni~i

mhi}s ef i{{i}he~ }hì~lfesgl{ ~f ~ghsh cfec`xslfes ien Slosfes }h{f}~ cfe~iles ef ni~i f}

iei`|sls }hì~led ~f ~gh lssxh fb m}ienled {i}~lcxì}`| is }hì~hs ~f ~gh nls~lec~lfe mh~thhe ~gh

~h}os Sfx` Oie ien Sfx` Ohe% Blei``| l~ ls xe}hisfeim`h bf} Slosfe ~f mish gls f{lelfes

fe gls {h}sfei` }hcf``hc~lfe ien sxmahc~lrh lo{}hsslfes fb ~gh Ofrlh ~}il`h} gh sit shrh}i` |hi}s

idf% Shh Dlmsfe Dxl~i} Cf}{% r% [ix` ]hhn Sol~g Dxl~i}s, @[ 3=8 B% Sx{{% =n 7>9 7>4 'O%N%

^hee% =;;>, 'Ef~gled le hl~gh}Nixmh}~f} ~gh Bhnh}i` ]x`hs fb Hrlnhech }hyxl}hs i nls~}lc~

cfx}~ ~f inol~ f{lelfe hrlnhech tglcg ls cfeehc~hn ~f hwls~led ni~i fe`| m| ~gh l{sh nlwl~fb ~gh

hw{h}~% I cfx}~ oi| cfec`xnh ~gi~ ~gh}h ls slo{`| ~ff d}hi~ ie iei`|~lci` di{ mh~thhe ~gh ni~i

93


14/98

ien ~gh f{lelfe {}fbbh}hn%, 'yxf~led Dhe% H`hc% Cf% r% Afleh} 8== X%S% 932 9>2 997 S% C~%

89= 93< @% Hn% =n 8;7 '9


15/98

mh`lhrhZs_ ~gi~ ~gh ofrlh Sfx` Ohe }hbh}}hn ~f Sio " Nirh fe`| ien ef~ ~gh [l{s% 'Ln% i~ {%

=%,

Le {}h{i}led gls }h{f}~ Mheaiolesfe }hrlhthn fe`| ~gh bf``ftled oi~h}li`s1 '9, rlnhf

{}fof~lfei` oi~h}li`s issfcli~hn tl~g ~gh blò: '=, i oi}jh~led {ìe bf} ~gh Ofrlhs sfxen~}icj

ien '3, i {gf~f fb Sio " Nirh {h}bf}oled tl~g Ci}ì ^gfois tgf i{{i}he~`| tis i sfx` oxslc

i}~ls~% Mheaiolesfe i`sf s~i~hs ~gi~ gh sit ~gh ofrlh Sfx` Ohe tghe l~ bl}s~ i{{hi}hn le ~ghi~h}s

ien ~gi~ gh gis i`sf shhe m}fincis~ {h}bf}oiechs m| Sio " Nirh ien Dìn|s Jeldg~ " ~gh

[l{s% 'Ln% i~ {% 9%, Gh nfhs ef~ s~i~h ~gi~ gh gis `ls~hehn ~f ~gh Sfxen~}icj f} }hrlhthn ie|

f~gh} nfcxohe~s f} ohnli }hì~hn ~f ~gls cish% Islnh b}fo shhled ~gh Ofrlh le ~ghi~h}s tghe l~

tis }h`hishn le =;;7 l~ nfhs ef~ i{{hi} ~gi~ gh }hrlhthn ~gh Ofrlh s{hclblci``| ~f {}h{i}h gls

f{lelfes gh}h%

^f bf}o gls f{lelfe Mheaiolesfe lnhe~lblhs 9= }hisfes ~gi~ ~gh Ofrlh }hbh}}hn ~f Sio

" Nirh fe`| ien ef~ ~f ~gh [l{s% 'Ln% i~ {% =%, ^ghsh lec`xnh le~h} i`li ~gh bf``ftled bic~s1 ~gh

[l{s lec`xnhn ~g}hh tfohe ien ~tf ohe tgh}his Sio " Nirh `ljh ~gh `hin cgi}ic~h}s le Sfx`

Ohe {h}bf}ohn is i nxf: i~ feh {fle~ ~gh [l{s lec`xnhn bfx} bhoi`hs tgh}his Sio " Nirh ien

~gh `hin cgi}ic~h}s le Sfx` Ohe i}h&th}h ohe: ~gh [l{s th}h i`` }hì~hn tgl`h Sio " Nirh ien

~gh `hin cgi}ic~h}s le Sfx` Ohe i}h ef~ }hì~hn: ~gh `hin cgi}ic~h}s le Sfx` Ohe {h}bf}ohn Gf`n

Fe Lo Cfole le ~gh Ofrlh mx~ nln ef~ {h}bf}o ie| sfeds m| ~gh [l{s: xe`ljh Sio " Nirh

~gh [l{s ehrh} }hcf}nhn bf} S~iw ]hcf}ns tglcg tis bhi~x}hn {}folehe~`| le Sfx` Ohe: ~gh [l{s

fe`| {h}bf}ohn cgf}hfd}i{ghn niechn ofrhs tgh}his Sio " Nirh ien ~gh `hin cgi}ic~h}s le

Sfx` Ohe niechn tl~g d}hi~ c}hi~lrl~| ien he~gxsliso: ien Lsiic Gi|hs tgf i{{hi}s le Sfx`

Ohe is ie issfcli~h fb ~gh ~tf `hin cgi}ic~h}s {}fnxchn oxslc tl~g Sio " Nirh mx~ ef~ ~gh

98


16/98

[l{s%

Mishn fe ~ghsh fmsh}ri~lfes Mheaiolesfe cfec`xnhs ~gi~ hrh}|~gled le ~gls ofrlh }hbh}s

~f Sio " Nirh ien S~iw }hcf}ns% 'Ln% i~ {% 8, 'ho{gisls innhn%, Gh i`sf cfec`xnhs ~gi~

Ze_hl~gh} ~gh blò ef} ~gh oi}jh~led oi~h}li`s cfe~ile }hbh}hechs Z_ rlsxi` oxslci` rh}mi` f}

f~gh}tlsh Z_ ~f ~gh [l{s ~f Dìn|s Jeldg~ " ~gh [l{s f} ~f Of~fte ]hcf}ns% 'Ln%,

Mheaiolesfe nfhs ef~ s~i~h tg| gh cgfsh ~f }h`| fe ~gh `lol~hn oi~h}li`s {}hshe~hn ~f

glo% Gh nfhs ef~ s~i~h ~gi~ gh gis hrh} {h}bf}ohn i cfo{i}i~lrh iei`|sls fb }hcf}nled i}~ls~s f}

~gi~ gh ls }h`|led fe ie| ~|{h fb sclhe~lblc ~hcgelci` f} s{hcli`lqhn oh~gfnf`fd|%

=% Cgi` hedhs ~f ~gh Mheaiolesfe ]h{f}~

^gh nhbhenie~s cgi``hedh Mheaiolesfes ]h{f}~ fe ~gh bf``ftled d}fxens1 '9, ~gh }h{f}~

nfhs ef~ si~lsb| Bhn% ]% Clr% [% =2'i,'=,'M,: '=, Mheaiolesfes {}f{fshn f{lelfes nf ef~ ohh~

~ghNixmh}~s~ieni}n mhcixsh 'i, Mheaiolesfe ls ef~ yxi`lblhn ~f ~hs~lb| fe ~gh sxmahc~ oi~~h} fb

gls }h{f}~: 'm, gls ~hs~lofe| tl`` ef~ issls~ ~gh ~}lh} fb bic~ ~f ~gh hw~he~ l~ }hì~hs ~f oi~h}li`

tl~gle ~gh hw{h}lhech fb i ì|{h}sfe f} s~i~hs ie x`~loi~h `hdi` cfec`xslfe: ien&f} 'c, ~gh

f{lelfes i}h ef~ sx{{f}~hn m| i }h`lim`h oh~gfnf`fd|%

'i, [}fchnx}i` Cgi``hedh

Is tl~g ~gh Slosfe ]h{f}~ ~gh cfx}~ tl`` ef~ gf`n ~gi~ ~gh Mheaiolesfe ]h{f}~

i`~gfxdg sxms~ie~lrh`| nhblclhe~ nln ef~ ohh~ ~gh mislc }hyxl}hohe~s fb ]x`h =2'i,'=,'M,%

Idile xe`ljh Fòs~hin ~gh Mheaiolesfe ]h{f}~ nfhs ef~ lerf`rh ie hwglml~ nxo{ ien i~

`his~ {x}{f}~s ~f i}~lcxì~h i misls bf} Mheaiolesfes f{lelfes% Bx}~gh}of}h ~gh nhbhenie~s girh

cgi``hedhn ~gh inolsslml`l~| fb Mheaiolesfes f{lelfes fe ~ghl} oh}l~s tl~gfx~ ~gh ehhn bf} i

nh{fsl~lfe% Xenh} ~ghsh cl}cxos~iechs ~gh cfx}~ tl` cfeslnh} ~gh sxms~ie~lrh hrlnhe~li}|

92


17/98

ri`lnl~| fb Mheaiolesfes f{lelfes%

'm, Sxms~ie~lrh&Hrlnhe~li}| Cgi` hedhs

^gh Mheaiolesfe ]h{f}~ tl`` mh hwc`xnhn bf} shrh}i` lenh{henhe~ sxms~ie~lrh }hisfes%

Bl}s~ ~gh sxmahc~ fb Mheaiolesfes }h{f}~ ls ì}dh`| l}}h`hrie~ ien {x}{f}~s ~f inn}hss ie

i}dxohe~ ~gi~ ~gh nhbhenie~s girh ef~ oinh% ^gh nhbhenie~s i}dxh ~gi~ Sfx` Ohe ls he~l}h`|

blc~l~lfxs ien ef~ mishn fe ~gh `lrhs fb Sio " Nirh% Eftgh}h le ~gh }hcf}n girh ~gh| i}dxhn

~gi~ ~gh `hin cgi}ic~h}s le ~gh Ofrlh i}h mishn fe ^gh [l{s% Les~hin ~gh {ìle~lbbs i{{hi} ~f girh

shlqhn fe i nh{fsl~lfe cfoohe~ b}fo feh fb ~gh Ofrlhs ~gl}n/{i}~| sc}l{~t}l~h}s Oi~~ght

S~feh% I~ nh{fsl~lfe S~feh nlscxsshn ~gh hi}`| cfech{~ s~idhs fb ~gh Sfx` Oie ofrlh tghe

S~feh ien f~gh}s th}h cfeslnh}led oijled i Ofrlh ~gi~ lerf`rhn Sioxh` @% Aicjsfe ien Mh}elh

Oic le sfoh ci{icl~|% F}ldlei``| idhe~s bf} Sioxh` @% Aicjsfe ien Mh}elh Oic gin nlscxsshn

tl~g S~feh ien f~gh}s ~gi~ ~gh ic~f}s tfx`n {ì| fteh}s fb cfo{h~led mi}mhcxh s~iens% ^gh lnhi

tis }hahc~hn i~ tglcg {fle~ Zf_eh fb xs siln sfoh~gled ~f ~gh hbbhc~ fb Z_tgi~ lb ~ghsh dx|s

th}h `ljh f`n micj/x{ sledh}s `ljh ~gh [l{s ien ~ghl} `hin sledh} gin nlhn ien ~gh| gin ~f dh~

micj ~fdh~gh}% ^gh| gi~hn hicg f~gh} ien ~gh| gin ~f dh~ micj ~fdh~gh}%Z_ ^gh {hf{`h le ~gh

}ffo siln ~gi~ sfxens bxee|% 'NSXB Hw% =3 S~feh Nh{% ^}iesc}l{~ i~ 9219;/941=8%, Is

S~fehs nh{fsl~lfe ~hs~lofe| oijhs c`hi} S~feh nln ef~ mish ~gh sc}l{~ fe ie| ic~xi` jeft`hndh

fb ~gh gls~f}| f} oijhx{ fb ~gh [l{s fb tglcg gh gin `lol~hn jeft`hndh lb ie|: le ~gh Ofrlhs

cfech{~ {}fchss gh slo{`| ~gfxdg~ fb ~gh [l{s m}fin`| is micjx{ sledh}s ~f i of}h th``/jefte

`hin sledh}% 'Shh ln% i~ 3>1>/< 'Y1 Nf |fx jeft ~gh lbh s~f}| fb ~gh [l{s6 I% L nf ef~ jeft

~gh `lbh s~f}| fb ~gh [l{s% ^gh| th}h xshn oh}h`| is ie hwio{`h fb ~gfsh jlen fb sledh}s tgf

th}h ~gh}h fe`| ~f sx{{f}~ i ghin`leh sledh}%,

94


18/98

Bx}~gh}of}h ~gh nhbhenie~s nf ef~ cfe~hen le ~ghl} sxooi}| axndohe~ m}lhbled ~gi~ ~gh

Ofrlh tis ic~xi``| mishn fe ~gh [l{s ef} girh ~gh {`ile~lbbs lnhe~lblhn ie| f~gh} ~hs~lofe| f}

nlscfrh}| }hs{fesh hrhe }hbh}hecled sxcg ie le~he~lfe% ^gxs ~gh}h ls ef nls{x~hn lssxh ~f

}hsf`rh le ~gh bl}s~ {`ich mhcixsh ~gh nhbhenie~s nf ef~ cfe~hen 'ef} nln ~gh sc}l{~t}l~h}s f}

ie|feh h`sh ~hs~lb|, ~gi~ ~gh Ofrlh tis mishn fe ~gh `lbh s~f}| fb ~gh [l{s%

Shcfen hrhe lb ~gh}h th}h sfoh hrlnhe~li}| }h`hriech ~f ~gh }h{f}~ Mheaiolesfes

~hs~lofe| tl`` ef~ issls~ ~gh ~}lh} fb bic~% Xenh} Bhn% ]% Hrln% 4;= hw{h}~ ~hs~lofe| ls

leinolsslm`h tghe l~ inn}hsshs oi~~h}s hyxi``| tl~gle ~gh cfo{h~hech fb ~gh ax}| ~f nhclnh% Shh

OcDftie r% Cff{h} Lenxs%, Lec% 723 B%=n 9=22 9=4= '2~g Cl}% 9


19/98

}hs{hc~lrh gls~f}lhs fb ien cfo{fsl~lfe fb Sio " Nirh ien ^gh [l{s ien ~ghe sxooi}l`|

cfec`xnhs ~gi~ hrh}|~gled le ~gh Ofrlh }hbh}s ~f Sio " Nirh ien S~iw ]hcf}ns% ^gh}h ls ef

lenlci~lfe le ~gh }hcf}n ~gi~ Mheaiolesfe f} ie| f~gh} hw{h}~ gis hrh} x~l`lqhn i slolì}

oh~gfnf`fd|% Bx}~gh}of}h ~gh bic~ ~gi~ Mheaiolesfe nln ef~ }h/ti~cg ~gh Sfx` Ohe blò ~f

{}h{i}h gls }h{f}~ sh}lfxs`| xenh}olehs ~gh }h`liml`l~| fb gls f{lelfe ~gi~ hrh}|~gled le ~gh

ofrlh cfech}es Sio " Nirh%4

Is i blei` ef~h ~gh {ìle~lbbs le ~ghl} ]hs{fesh sxddhs~ ~gi~ Mheaiolesfe tfx`n }henh}

innl~lfei` f{lelfes i~ ~}li` ~gi~ i}h ef~ nl}hc~`| hw{}hsshn le gls }h{f}~ lec`xnled ~gh gls~f}lci`

f}ldles ien sldelblciech fb ~gh sfed Sfx` Oie hw{h}~ ~hs~lofe| is ie gls~f}lie fb ~gh sfx`

oxslc h}i Z_ fe Z~gh_ {h}bf}oiechs fb ZAicjsfe ien Oic le Sfx` Ohe_ ien ~gh }h`hriech ~f Sio

" Nirh ien [ìle~lbb Sio Off}h: ien ~gh lo{f}~iech fb Lsiic Gi|hs ien ~gh ^heehsshh

rhexhs ~f ~gh Ofrlh% 'Nfcjh~ Ef% 3=2 i~ {{% 4/7%, ^gh }h{f}~ nfhs ef~ i}~lcxì~h ~ghsh

f{lelfes `h~ i`feh {}frlnh sx{{f}~ bf} ~gho% ^gh}hbf}h }hdi}n`hss fb ~gh inolsslml`l~| fb ~gh

f{lelfes ic~xi``| hw{}hsshn le gls }h{f}~ ~gh cfx}~ tfx`n ef~ {h}ol~ ~gh le~}fnxc~lfe fb ~ghsh

{}hrlfxs`| xenlsc`fshn f{lelfes i~ ~}li`%

LL% Of~lfe ~f S~}ljh Cgissh} Nhcì}i~lfe

I% ^gh Cgissh} Nhcì}i~lfe

Le sx{{f}~ fb ~ghl} Of~lfe bf} Sxooi}| Axndohe~ ~gh nhbhenie~s bl`hn ~gh Nhcì}i~lfe

fb ]fmm Gi}rh|% Is s~i~hn le ~gh Gi}rh| Nhcì}i~lfe ~gh nhbhenie~s x~l lqhn le~h}eh~ shi}cghs

4I`~gfxdg ~gh cfx}~ ls hwc`xnled Mheaiolesfes hw{h}~ }h{f}~ ien ~hs~lofe| ~gh cfx}~tl`` le ie| cish x`~loi~h`| cfeslnh} oie| fb ~gh {i}i``h`s ~gi~ Mheaiolesfe lnhe~lblhs mh~thheSio " Nirh ien Sfx` Ohe tglcg i}h ì}dh`| }hnxenie~ fb {fle~s f~gh}tlsh oinh m| ~gh{ìle~lbbs le ~ghl} {`hinleds ien m}lhbled {i{h}s%

9


20/98

~f cfo{l`h nfcxohe~i~lfe }hb`hc~led ~gl}n/{i}~| xshs fb ~gh {g}ishs sfx` oie sfx` ohe f}

sfx`% ^gh nhbhenie~s {}fnxchn ~ghsh }hcf}ns ~f {ìle~lbbs le nlscfrh}|% Hwglml~ I ~f ~gh

Gi}rh| Nhcì}i~lfe cfe~iles i sxooi}| cgi}~ ~gi~ `ls~s oie| fb ~gh ~gl}n/{i}~| xshs ien

}hbh}hechs is }hb`hc~hn le ~gh lebf}oi~lfe cfo{l`hn m| ~gh nhbhenie~s b}fo ~gh le~h}eh~ f} ~gi~

f~gh}tlsh i{{hi} le ~gh hrlnhe~li}| }hcf}n% Hwglml~ M ~f ~gh Gi}rh| Nhcì}i~lfe cfe~iles

nfcxohe~i~lfe }hb`hc~led ~ghsh xshs%

Le ~ghl} sxooi}| axndohe~ m}lhbled ~gh nhbhenie~s }h`| fe ~gh Gi}rh| Nhcì}i~lfe tl~g

}hs{hc~ ~f ~gh lssxh fb dheh}lcehss fb ~gh {x}{f}~hn Oi}js ~gi~ ~gh {ìle~lbbs cìlo th}h

leb}ledhn ien&f} nl`x~hn% 'Shh, h%d% Nhbs SA Oho% i~ {% == '}hbh}hecled NSXB 88/29,: NSXB

88/29 '}hbh}hecled Gi}rh| Nhcì}i~lfe,,% Bf} hwio{`h ~gh cgi}~ lenlci~hs ~gi~ shrh}i` cx}}he~

f} bf}oh} {h}bf}oled i}~ls~s x~l`lqh f} lecf}{f}i~hn Sfx` Oie f} Sfx` Ohe le~f ~ghl} s~idh

eiohs lec`xnled ^gh Sfx`/Ohe ^gh Sfxòhe ien Afge Sfx` Oie Cis~}f iofed f~gh}s%

Slolì}`| ~gh cgi}~ lenlci~hs ~gi~ shrh}i` blòs girh lecf}{f}i~hn f} tl`` lecf}{f}i~h ~ghsh ~h}os

lec`xnled ~gh 9


21/98

Cgissh}s Nhcì}i~lfe {x}{f}~s ~f {}frlnh hw{h}~ ~hs~lofe| le }hmx~~i` ~f ~gh issh}~hn

s~i~hohe~s fb bic~ m| ~gh Nhbhenie~s le ~gls {}fchhnled% 'Ln% 7%, Cgissh} iei`|qhs ~gh Gi}rh|

Nhcì}i~lfe ien ~gh cgi}~ fb i``hdhn ~gl}n/{i}~| xshs i~~icghn ~gh}h~f d}fx{led ~gho le~f ~g}hh

ci~hdf}lhs1 '9, xshs fb ~gh {g}ishs ien ~l~`hs le sled`h tf}js 'h%d% CNs ofrlhs, '=, ohnli ien

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~gi~ ~l~`hs fb sled`h hw{}hsslrh tf}js i}h i`ti|s nhhohn nhsc}l{~lrh ohieled ~gi~ lb ie| fb

~gfsh oi~h}li`s th}h sxmol~~hn is s{hclohes fb xsh ~f ~gh XS[^F i ~}inhoi}j hwioleh}

tfx`n }hahc~ ~gh s{hclohe ien }hyxl}h f~gh} {}ffb fb xsh% Is ~f ~gh shcfen ci~hdf}| sgh

cfe~hens ~gi~ ~gh| lerf`rh oile`| hnl~f}li` cfoohe~i}| }hdi}nled lenlrlnxi`s xshn le i efe/

~}inhoi}j ti| 'Ln% 9=, ien ~gxs i}h nhsc}l{~lrh efe/~}inhoi}j xshs ~gi~ tfx`n ef~ sx{{f}~ i

}hdls~}i~lfe is i ~}inhoi}j% Is ~f ~gh ~gl}n ci~hdf}| sgh s~i~hs ~gi~ tgl`h l~ ls {fsslm`h ~gi~ ~gh

xshs cfx`n mh icch{~hn is s{hclohes fb ~}inhoi}j xsh ~gh Gi}rh| Nhcì}i~lfe {}frlnhs

lesxbblclhe~ nh~il` ~f oijh ~gi~ nh~h}olei~lfe%

Cgissh} i`sf fbbh}s ie f{lelfe cfech}eled ~gh Sh{~homh} 94 9


22/98

^gh nhbhenie~s i}dxh ~gi~ ~gh Cgissh} Nhcì}i~lfe sgfx`n mh s~}lcjhe bf} ~tf }hisfes%

Bl}s~ ~gh nhbhenie~s i}dxh ~gi~ ~gh Cgissh} Nhcì}i~lfe ls ef~ i }hmx~~i` }h{f}~ mx~ les~hin

cfes~l~x~hs ie xe~loh`| hw{h}~ }h{f}~ ~gi~ sgfx`n girh mhhe nlsc`fshn fe Fc~fmh} 4 =;99 ~gh

ni~h fe tglcg {ìle~lbbs th}h fm`ldi~hn ~f sh}rh cish/le/cglhb hw{h}~ }h{f}~s% Shcfen ~gh

nhbhenie~s i}dxh ~gi~ ~gh Cgissh} Nhcì}i~lfe lo{}f{h}`| fbbh}s f{lelfes fe x`~loi~h `hdi`

lssxhs% Le }hs{fesh ~gh {ìle~lbbs i}dxh ~gi~ ~gh nhcì}i~lfe cfes~l~x~hs i ~loh`| }hmx~~i` }h{f}~

ien ~gi~ Cgissh} nfhs ef~ fbbh} ie| `hdi` cfec`xslfes }hdi}nled ~gh ri`lnl~| fb {ìle~lbbs

~}inhoi}js% Le ~gh i`~h}ei~lrh ~gh {ìle~lbbs i}dxh ~gi~ ~gh bil`x}h ~f nlsc`fsh Cgissh}s f{lelfes

fe Fc~fmh} 4 =;99 tis sxms~ie~li``| axs~lblhn ien iccf}nled`| }hyxhs~ `hirh ~f bl`h ~gh Cgissh}

Nhcì}i~lfe is ie hw{h}~ }h{f}~ bf} dffn cixsh sgfte {x}sxie~ ~f Bhn% ]% Clr% [% 92'm,'>,%

9% ]hmx~~i` Cgi``hedh

^gh {ìle~lbbs th}h }hyxl}hn ~f sh}rh cish/le/cglhb hw{h}~ }h{f}~s fe Fc~fmh} 4 =;99%

^gh {ìle~lbbs nln ef~ bl`h ie| hw{h}~ }h{f}~ fe ~gh lssxh fb dheh}lcehss m| ~gi~ ni~h% Sxmshyxhe~

~f ~gi~ nhin`leh ~gh cfx}~ s~i|hn i`` bx}~gh} hw{h}~ nlscfrh}| lec`xnled ~gh nlsc`fsx}h fb

}hmx~~i` hw{h}~s {henled ~gh bl`led fb ien nls{fsl~lfe fb ~gh Of~lfes ~f Hwc`xnh ~gh Slosfe

]h{f}~ ien ^hs~lofe| ien ~gh Mheaiolesfe ]h{f}~ ien ^hs~lofe|% ^gh {ìle~lbbs i}dxh ~gi~ ~gh

Cgissh} Nhcì}i~lfe cfes~l~x~hs i }hmx~~i` }h{f}~ ien mhcixsh ~gh}h ls ef nhin`leh bf} ~gh

sxmolsslfe fb }hmx~~i` }h{f}~s ls ~gh}hbf}h ~loh`|%

Xenh} Bhn% ]% Clr% [% =2'i,'=,'N,'ll, hw{h}~ }hmx~~i` hrlnhech ls `lol~hn ~f hrlnhech % % %

le~henhn sf`h`| ~f cfe~}inlc~ f} }hmx~ hrlnhech fe ~gh sioh sxmahc~ oi~~h} lnhe~lblhn m| ief~gh}

{i}~| xenh} ]x`h =2'i,'=,'M, f} 'C, % % % % ^gxs i }hmx~~i` }h{f}~ oxs~ }hmx~ ~ghf}lhs sh~ bf}~g

le ie hw{h}~ }h{f}~ ien&f} bf}~gcfoled f{lelfe ~hs~lofe| ~f mh {}hshe~hn m| ie f{{fsled {i}~|%

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23/98

Shh Cio{fs r% O^N [}fns%, Lec% Ef% =1;4/CR/;;;=


24/98

]x`h =2'i, f} 'h, ~gh {i}~| ls ef~ i``fthn ~f xsh ~gi~ % % % tl~ehss ~f sx{{`| hrlnhech fe i of~lfe

i~ i ghi}led f} i~ i ~}li` xe`hss ~gh bil`x}h tis sxms~ie~li``| axs~lblhn f} ls gi}o`hss% ^gxs ~gh

siec~lfe fb hwc`xslfe ls ix~foi~lc ien oieni~f}| xe`hss ~gh siec~lfehn {i}~| cie sgft ~gi~ l~s

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Ri%, Lec% 3=8 B%3n 442 47= '2~g Cl}% =;;3, 'yxf~led Si`dinf r% Dhe% Of~f}s Cf}{% 98; B%3n

438 4>= '4~g Cl} 9


25/98

cfeslnh}i~lfe fb ~ghsh is{hc~s fb ~gh Cgissh} Nhcì}i~lfe i~ ~gls s~idh%7 Lenhhn ~gh nhbhenie~s

girh i`}hin| issh}~hn i oh}l~s/mishn cgi``hedh ~f Cgissh}s Nhcì}i~lfe l%h% ~gi~ gh} ~hs~lofe|

lo{}f{h}`| s~i~hs i `hdi` cfec`xslfe ibbf}nled ~gho hsshe~li``| ~gh sioh f{{f}~xel~| ~f

cgi``hedh gh} f{lelfes is ~gh f{{f}~xel~| ~f cgi``hedh ~gh f{lelfes fb Slosfe ien Mheaiolesfe%

Bx}~gh}of}h mhcixsh fb ~gh hw{h}~ nlscfrh}| s~i| ~gh nhbhenie~s tfx`n s~l`` girh ie

f{{f}~xel~| ~f }hs{fen ~f Cgissh}s f{lelfes le ~gls }hdi}n% ^gxs l~ ls i{{}f{}li~h bf} ~gh cfx}~

~f cfeslnh} ~ghsh is{hc~s fb ~gh Cgissh} Nhcì}i~lfe hrhe ~gfxdg ~gh| x`~loi~h`| }hì~h ~f

{ìle~lbbs cish/le/cglhb%

Gfthrh} ch}~ile f{lelfes hw{}hsshn le ~gh Cgissh} Nhcì}i~lfe i}h xeaxs~lblim`|

xe~loh`|% Cgissh} iei`|qhs ~gh `hdi` sldelblciech fb Sio Off}hs ~}inhoi}j i{{`lci~lfes

i{{i}he~`| mishn fe gh} cfeslnh}i~lfe fb axs~ feh fb ~gh 9


26/98

f{lelfes m| ~gh cish/le/cglhb hw{h}~ nhin`leh fb Fc~fmh} 4 =;99% Le f~gh} tf}ns ~gh

nhbhenie~s sxmolsslfe fb ~gh Gi}rh| Nhcì}i~lfe nln ef~ f{he ~gh nff} ~f Cgissh}s f{lelfes

fe ch}~ile lssxhs% ^gh}hbf}h ~gh cfx}~ tl`` s~}ljh ~ghsh f{lelfes%

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~gh f~gh} }hbh}hechs ~f sfx` oie f} sfx` ohe tglcg ls ehchssi}l`| {}holshn fe gh} hwc`xnhn

f{lelfes }hdi}nled ~gh s~}hed~g fb ~gh {ìle~lbbs Oi}js tl`` mh s~}lcjhe%

Iccf}nled`| ~gh cfx}~ tl`` cfeslnh} {i}id}i{gs 9/93 ien 97 fb ~gh Cgissh} Nhcì}i~lfe

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'[ìle~lbbs % % % cl~h ~f Cgissh}s Nhcì}i~lfe le ~ghl} sxooi}| axndohe~ f{{fsl~lfe m}lhb ~f

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iei`|sls fb ~gh Of~lfe bf} Sxooi}| Axndohe~%

LLL% Of~lfe ~f S~}ljh Af|ch Off}h ]hmx~~i` Nhcì}i~lfe

I% Af|ch Off}h ]hmx~~i` Nhcì}i~lfe

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27/98

{ìle~lbbs ien ^heehsshh '{}hsxoim`| mhi}led fe cgflch fb ìt, ~gh gls~f}| fb Sio " Nirh

Sio Off}hs hbbf}~s ~f {}fof~h gls i``hdhn Oi}js ien iehcnf~hs }hdi}nled Sio Off}hs

ci}hh}%

M% @hdi` S~ieni}n ien Cgi``hedhs ~f ~gh Off}h Nhcì}i~lfe

Xenh} Bhn% ]% Clr% [% 82'c,'>, '=;9=,9; Zi_ sx{{f}~led ibblnirl~ f} f{{fsled ibblnirl~

oxs~ mh oinh fe {h}sfei` jeft`hndh sh~ fx~ bic~s ~gi~ tfx`n mh inolsslm`h le hrlnhech ien

sgft ~gi~ ~gh ibblie~ ls cfo{h~he~ ~f ~hs~lb| fe ~gh oi~~h}s s~i~hn% Shh ^f~oie r% @fxlsrl``h

Ahbbh}sfe Ce~|% Oh~}f Dfr~ 38> >2> '2~g Cl}% =;9;,% Leinolsslm`h ghi}si|

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lebf}oi~lfe nf ef~ ohh~ ~gh ]x`h 82 s~ieni}n% Shh I`{h}~ r% Xel~hn S~i~hs >79 B%3n >;> >;/9>8 9;7 >98 '2~g Cl}% 9


28/98

ien Cf% 483 >2; '2~g Cl}% 9>7 B%3n

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29/98

Off}hs mh`lhb ~gi~ ~gh Sfx` Ohe ofrlh {ficghn ~gh eioh fb ~gh biofxs sfed Zl%h% Sfx`

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sls~h} is L tis fe`| axs~ =; tghe L dirh ml}~g ~f gh}%,%,

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i{{}f{}li~h sx{{`hohe~i~lfe fb Af|ch Off}hs {}lf} ~hs~lofe| ~gi~ ls cfesls~he~ tl~g ]x`h

82'c,'>, ien tl`` ~gh}hbf}h cfeslnh} ~gho%

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30/98

hs~im`lsghs ~gls {fle~% Iccf}nled`| ~gh cfx}~ tl`` ef~ s~}ljh ie| {f}~lfes fb ~gh ibblnirl~ fe ~ghsh

d}fxens%

Mishn fe ~ghsh blenleds ~gh cfx}~ gf`ns is bf``fts1

[i}id}i{gs 3 > 7 1 ^gh c`ixsh mhdleeled ~gh}hbf}h ~g}fxdg~gh hen fb ~gh she~hech%

[i}id}i{g 9ien 9


31/98

MICJD]FXEN BIC^S

L% ^gh [i}~lhs [}hshe~i~lfe fb Xenls{x~hn Bic~s

Xenh} @fci` ]x`h 82%;9'm, ~gh ofrled {i}~| fe i ]x`h 82 of~lfe ls }hyxl}hn ~f {}frlnh

i cfeclsh s~i~hohe~ fb oi~h}li` bic~s is ~f tglcg ~gh ofrled {i}~| mh`lhrhs ~gh}h ls ef dhexleh

nls{x~h bf} ~}li`% Xenh} @fci` ]x`h 82%;9'c, i {i}~| f{{fsled ~gh of~lfe oxs~ }hs{fen ~f hicg

bic~ sh~ bf}~g m| ~gh ofrie~ m| 'l, id}hhled ~gi~ ~gh bic~ ls xenls{x~hn: 'll, id}hhled ~gi~ ~gh bic~

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nhofes~}i~led ~gi~ ~gh bic~ ls nls{x~hn m| s{hclblc cl~i~lfe ~f ~gh }hcf}n% Xenh} ]x`h 82%;9'c,

~gh efe/ofrled {i}~|s }hs{fesh oi| i`sf lec`xnh i cfeclsh s~i~hohe~ fb innl~lfei` bic~s ~gi~ ~gh

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dhexleh lssxh ~f mh ~}lhn%

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sh{i}i~h l~holqhn s~i~hohe~ fb innl~lfei` bic~s ~gh {ìle~lbbs girh i~~ho{~hn ~f sgfhgf}e

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tgh}h ~gh }hs{feshs nf ef~ ic~xi``| c}hi~h i dhexleh lssxh cfech}eled ~gh cl~hn bic~% 9= ^f inn ~f

9=Shh, h%d% []NSXB i~ {% 9= >31

Nhbhenie~s Bic~1

O}% Off}h }h/}hcf}nhn ~gh sfed Sfx` Oie tl~g @fx ]hhn bf} ~gh 9


32/98

~gh cfx}~s mx}nhe ~gh {ìle~lbbs bl`hn i Ef~lch fb H}}i~i 'Nfcjh~ Ef% 38=, ~gi~ '9, {x}{f}~s ~f

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~gh []NSXB: '=, inns {idhs leinrh}~he~`| fol~~hn b}fo ~tf hwglml~s ~f ~gh []NSXB: ien '3,

le~}fnxchs ie innl~lfei` hwglml~ cfe~ileled shrh}i` hoil`s%

Mhcixsh fb ~gh oieeh} le tglcg ~gh {ìle~lbbs }hs{fenhn ~f ~gh NSXB ~gh cfx}~ gis gin

~f 'i, c}fss/}hbh}hech hicg bic~ tl~g ~gh ~gh h}}i~i sghh~ ~f nh~h}oleh tgh~gh} ~gh cl~i~lfes le ~gh

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nls{x~h is f{{fshn ~f innl~lfei` bic~s ~gi~ sgfx`n girh mhhe le~}fnxchn ~g}fxdg i sh{i}i~h ]x`h

82%;9 s~i~hohe~%93

Bx}~gh}of}h ~gh {ìle~lbbs bil`x}h ~f bl`h i sh{i}i~h @fci` ]x`h 82%;9 s~i~hohe~ gis `hb~

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shhj ie| }h`lhb b}fo ~gh cfx}~%

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3=


33/98

Iccf}nled`| ~gh bic~s }hbh}hechn le ~gls Ohof}ienxo }hb`hc~ ~gh cfx}~s bic~/m|/bic~

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nhbhenie~s SA ]h{`| m}lhb ~f ~gh hw~he~ l~ inn}hsshs ~gh []NSXB ien ie| f~gh} bic~xi`

oi~h}li`s sh{i}i~h`| {}hshe~hn bf} ~gh cfx}~s cfeslnh}i~lfe lec`xnled ~gh Sioxh` @% Aicjsfe

Nhcì}i~lfe ~gh Gi}rh| Nhcì}i~lfe ien ~gh Gi}rh| ]h{`| Nhcì}i~lfe%

LL% Bic~s

I% Dheh}i` Micjd}fxen ]hdi}nled Sio Off}h&Sio " Nirh

Sio Off}h ls i }heftehn Ib}lcie/Ioh}lcie he~h}~ileh} tgf gis {h}bf}ohn mf~g

nfohs~lci``| ien le~h}ei~lfei``| bf} shrh}i` nhcinhs% Le 9


34/98

ofrhs fe s~idh% ^ghl} micjx{ mien tis i~ ~lohs }hbh}}hn ~f is ^gh Sfx` Ohe% Le 9

^gh {ìle~lbbs cìlo ~f fte cfoofe ìt ~}inhoi}js le ~gh {g}ishs Sfx` Ohe Sfx`

Oie ^gh @hdheni}| Sfx` Oie ^gh F}ldlei` Sfx` Oie ien ^gh F}ldlei` Sfx` Ohe%

^ghsh Oi}js i}h xe}hdls~h}hn% Le 9 ~f ~gh []NSXB {x}{f}~s ~f mh SioOff}hs ~}inhoi}j i{{`lci~lfe bl h% ^gi~ nfcxohe~ i{{hi}s ~f cfe~ile i sldehn i{{`lci~lfefe`| is ~f ~gh ~h}o Sfx` Oie%

3>


35/98

le ien inrh}~lsled f} {}fof~led ~gh [x}{f}~hn Oi}js% Gfthrh} l~ i{{hi}s ~gi~ sfoh ~gl}n/{i}~|

{}fof~h}s inrh}~lshn {h}bf}oiechs ien i{{hi}iechs m| ^gh @hdheni}| Sfx` Oie Sio Off}h

'f} ri}li~lfes ~gh}hfb, i`~gfxdg ~gh {ìle~lbbs girh ef~ {}hshe~hn hrlnhech }hb`hc~led ~gh ~f~i`

iofxe~ fb ~gfsh {f~he~li` hw{henl~x}hs%

^gh {ìle~lbbs girh ehrh} d}ie~hn i ~}inhoi}j `lchesh }hì~hn ~f ~gh Oi}js% Gfthrh} i~

`his~ sfoh fb Sio Off}hs {h}bf}oiech id}hhohe~s lec`xnh i cfe~}ic~ }lnh} sh~~led bf}~g ~gh

oieeh} le tglcg Sio Off}h ls ~f mh ml``hn 'is ^gh @hdheni}| Sfx` Oie bf} les~iech,% 'Shh,

h%d%[]NSXB Hw% < i~ {% > 8 'ML@@LED1 SIO OFF]H f} ^gh @hdheni}| Sfx` Oie Sio

Off}h: ^gh}h ls ~f mh ef nhrli~lfe b}fo ~gls ml``led tl~gfx~ {}lf} t}l~~he i{{}fri` m| ZSio

Off}hs_ }h{}hshe~i~lrh% ^gh}h ls ehrh} ie| xsh i``fthn bf} ie| }hisfe tgi~sfhrh} ~f ~gh eioh

Sio " Nirh le ie| oi}jh~led ml``led {}fof~lfe f} f~gh}tlsh ~f }hbh} ien&f} nhsc}lmh f}

inrh}~lsh Sio Off}h%, Sio Off}h {h}sfei``| i`ti|s xshs gls dlrhe eioh Sio Off}h le

cfeehc~lfe tl~g gls s~idh eiohs Sfx` Oie ^gh F}ldlei` Sfx` Oie ien ^gh @hdheni}|

Sfx` Oie% Inrh}~lsh}s ien {}fof~h}s girh i~ ~lohs }hbh}}hn ~f Sio Off}h m| gls s~idh eioh

tl~gfx~ }hbh}hech ~f gls dlrhe eioh%

Slolì}`| ~gh }hcf}n cfe~iles hrlnhech lec`xnled hrlnhech {}fnxchn m| ~gh {ìle~lbbs

~gi~ Sio Off}h ls ef~ i`ti|s }hbh}}hn ~f is ~gh Sfx` Oie ien ~gi~ Sio " Nirh i}h ef~ i`ti|s

}hbh}}hn ~f is ~gh Sfx` Ohe% Bf} hwio{`h ~gh Ioh}lcie Bhnh}i~lfe fb ^h`hrlslfe ien ]inlf

I}~ls~s 'IB^]I, iti}nhn Sio Off}h i @lbh~loh Icglhrhohe~ iti}n i~ ~gh IB^]I Ohnli

ien He~h}~ileohe~ Hwch``hech Iti}ns ch}hofe| 'IOHH,% Le l~s {}hss }h`hish cfech}eled ~gh

IOHH iti}ns IB^]I nhrf~hs shrh}i` {i}id}i{gs ~f Sio Off}h tl~gfx~ fech }hbh} ~f glo is

^gh Sfx` Oie f} sfoh }hì~hn eioh% 'Shh []NSXB Hw% 99/9 i~ {{% 3> ien >2%, Slolì}`|

38


36/98

~gh }hcf}n cfe~iles ox`~l{`h }hbh}hechs ~f Sio " Nirh is Nfxm`h N|eiol~h }i~gh} ~gie is

Sfx` Ohe% 'Shh, h%d%ln% i~ {% 94 'ehts i}~lc`h,%, ^gh ch``f{gieh cfrh} fb ~gh =;;7

nfcxohe~i}| }hdi}nled Sio " Nirh le tglcg ~gh {ìle~lbbs issh}~ le~h}hs~s le ~gls ìtsxl~

ic~xi``| cfe~iles i s~lcjh} tl~g ~gh {g}ish Nfxm`h N|eiol~h le i}dh ci{l~i` `h~~h}s% 'Shh

NSXB Hw% 7%,92

^gh}h i}h ri}lfxs hwio{`hs fb i}~ls~lc ohnli ~gi~ cfesls~ f} lecf}{f}i~h ~gh ~h}os Sfx`

Sfx` Oie Sfx` Ohe ien ri}li~lfes ~gh}hfb% Bf} hwio{`h1

^gh}h i}h i~ his~ 3> ~gl}n/{i}~| oxslci` i`mxos cx}}he~`| irilìm`h bf}si`h ~gh ~l~`hs bf} tglcg cfesls~ fb f} lecf}{f}i~h ~gh {g}ishs sfx` ohe

f} sfx` oie sxcg is Sfx` Oie m| Sf`fofe Mx}jh Sfx` Oie m|Ml`` OcDhh Sfx` Ohe1 ^ghl} D}hi~hs~ Gl~s 'ri}lfxs i}~ls~s, ien SfxÒhe 'ri}lfxs i}~ls~s,%

Ri}lfxs {h}bf}oled d}fx{s 'f} lenlrlnxi` {h}bf}oh}s, x~l lqh ~gh ~h}osSfx` Oie f} Sfx` Oie sxcg is ^gh Sfx`/Ohe '9


37/98

osemc%cfo i}~lc`h }hdi}nled ]i| Cgi}`hs: Sfx` Ohe i Eht \f}j^lohs i}~lc`h }hì~led ~f Hxdheh ]hcf}n ien @x~gh} Rien}fss: SfxÒie nhsc}lmled ]"M sledh} Sio Cffjh: ^tf Sfx` Ohe ]hxel~hn bf}~gh Bl}s~ ^loh ie e{}%f}d i}~lc`h nhsc}lmled bf}oh} S~iw micjx{}hcf}nled i}~ls~s S~hrh C}f{{h} ien Bh`lw Ciri`lh}h: ien D}hi~ Sfx` Ohe

Dfeh ~ff Sffe i \igff) oxslc m`fd i}~lc`h cfech}eled ri}lfxs i}~ls~ssxcg is Nirh ]xbble '^ho{~i~lfes, Oi}rle Di|h F~ls ]hnnled Yxlec|Afehs ien Olcgih` Aicjsfe%

I~ his~ ~tf bhi~x}h blòs girh x~l lqhn ~gh ~h}o Sfx` Oie1 '9, ~gh 9


38/98

Le =;;7 Nloheslfe Blòs i nlrlslfe fb ^TC }h`hishn ~gh ofrlh Sfx` Ohe s~i}}led

Sioxh` @% Aicjsfe ien Mh}elh Oic% [x}sxie~ ~f i d`fmi` nls~}lmx~lfe id}hhohe~ tl~g TC

cfrh}led ox`~l{`h blòs ODO nls~}lmx~hn Sfx` Ohe le ofrlh ~ghi~h}s ei~lfetlnh% Ib~h} ~gh

Ofrlhs m}lhb ~ghi~}lci` }xe Dhelxs [}fnxc~s oiexbic~x}hn ien nls~}lmx~hn NRN ien M`x/]i|

rh}slfes fbSfx` Ohe {x}sxie~ ~f i d`fmi` id}hhohe~ tl~g ^TC cfrh}led i`` ^TC gfoh rlnhfs

le ~gh Xel~hn S~i~hs% [x}sxie~ ~f i Oi}cg =;;7 id}hhohe~ tl~g ^TC Cfecf}n nls~}lmx~hn ~gh

Sfx` Ohe Sfxen~}icj%

Oi~~ght S~feh ien ]fmh}~ ]iosh| t}f~h ~gh Sfx` Oie sc}hhe{ì|% S~feh bl}s~ mhcioh

lerf`rhn le ~gh {}fahc~ tghe gh }hchlrhn i {gfeh ci`` b}fo ie idhe~ lebf}oled glo ~gi~ Mh}elh

Oic ien Sioxh` @% Aicjsfe le~henhn ~f nf i ofrlh {}fahc~ ~fdh~gh}% Oic ien Aicjsfes lel~li`

cfech{~ tis ~f oijh i ofrlh imfx~ cfo{h~led mi}mhcxh s~iens% S~feh ien ]iosh| nln ef~ `ljh

~gls {i}~lcxì} lnhi sf ~gh| sxddhs~hn ief~gh} s~f}| `leh1 ZF_bb ~gh cxbb feh fb xs siln ien L

nfe~ }hci`` th f{h}i~hn iòfs~ is i sled`h xel~ % % % Z_ Zf_eh fb xs siln sfoh~gled ~f ~gh hbbhc~

fb tgi~ lb ~ghsh dx|s th}h `ljh f`n micjx{ sledh}s `ljh ~gh [l{s ien ~ghl} `hin sledh} gin

nlhn ien ~gh| gin ~f dh~ micj ~fdh~gh}% ^gh| gi~hn hicg f~gh} ien ~gh| gin ~f dh~ micj

~fdh~gh}% 'NSXB Hw% =3 i~ 9419=/=3%,

Mishn fe ~gls cfech{~ S~feh ien ]iosh| mhdie n}ib~led i sc}hhe{ì| lerf`rled ~tf

micj/x{ sledh}s tgfsh bf}oh} `hin sledh} gin nlhn% I~ ~gh ~loh gh mhdie tf}jled fe t}l~led ~gh

sc}l{~ S~feh tis fe`| m}fin`| biol`li} tl~g Sio " Nirh 'iofed f~gh} sfx` oxslc i}~ls~s b}fo

~gi~ h}i, lec`xnled ~gh bic~ ~gi~ Sio " Nirh th}h issfcli~hn tl~g Oho{gls ien ~gh S~iw }hcf}n

ìmh`% Nx}led ~gh sc}l{~t}l~led {gish S~feh ien ]iosh| rlhthn ri}lfxs rlnhfs fb {h}bf}oh}s le

~gh 9


39/98

mìcj ien tgl~h rlnhf fb Sio " Nirh {h}bf}oled ie xes{hclblhn sfed% Tl~g }hs{hc~ ~f ~gh [l{s

tgf {h}bf}ohn is micjx{ sledh}s ~f Dìn|s Jeldg~ S~feh 'ols~ijhe`|, mh`lhrhn ~gi~ ~gh}h

th}h ~tf [l{s ien i~ ie| }i~h gh nln ef~ cfenxc~ ie| }hshi}cg fb ~gh [l{s n}ib~led ~gh sc}l{~%

S~feh nln ef~ ~hs~lb| ~gi~ gh le~henhn ~f mish Sfx` Ohe fe ~gh `lrhs f} gls~f}| fb Sio " Nirh

f} bf} ~gi~ oi~~h} fe ~gh `lrhs fb ie| {i}~lcxì} oxslci` i}~ls~s% Lenhhn tghe S~feh ien ]iosh|

{l~cghn ~gh Ofrlh ~f s~xnlfs ~gh| nln ef~ hw{}hss`| }hbh}hech Sio Off}h f} Sio " Nirh%

Le Ax`| =;;2 S~feh ien ]iosh| he~h}hn le~f ie id}hhohe~ tl~g Ji~ai Of~lfe [lc~x}h

Cf}{f}i~lfe '{i}~ fb Eht @leh Clehoi, 'Ji~ai Cf}{%, }hì~hn ~f ~gh {}fahc~ tglcg tis ~ghe

}hbh}}hn ~f is ~gh Xe~l~`hn Micjx{ Sledh}s [}fahc~% Nirln B}lhen`| tgf x`~loi~h`| nl}hc~hn

~gh Ofrlh sxmshyxhe~`| fm~ilehn cfe~}ic~xi` }ldg~s ~f ~gh {}fahc~% Le Axeh =;;4 i Gf``|tffn

idhe~ 'i{{i}he~`| ic~led tl~gfx~ Nirln B}lhen`|s ix~gf}l~|, cfe~ic~hn Gi}rh| ien Mfm

Thles~hle i~ ^TC m| hoil` s~i~led is bf``fts1

Tl~g |fx} cfbbh}s frh}b`ftled L tie~hn ~f i`h}~ |fx ~f i {}fahc~ ~gi~ th}hlerf`rhn le ~gi~ oi| mh fb le~h}hs~% ^gh sc}hhe{ì| bf} Sfx` Ohe ls le~x}ei}fxen i~ Eht @leh: ~glej Sxesgleh Mf|s M`xhs M}f~gh}s ien [ìehs

^}iles ien Ix~fofml`hs: ~tf Sio ien Nirh/`ljh sfx` sledh}s tgf `fi~gh hicgf~gh} girh ~f }hxel~h ien ~}irh` ~fdh~gh} ic}fss ~gh cfxe~}|%

'[]SNXB Hw% 94%, Gi}rh| Thles~hle s~i~hn ~gi~ gh tis le~h}hs~hn le }hinled ~gh sc}l{~ tglcg

~gh idhe~ she~ ~f glo% M| ~gh ~loh ~gh Thles~hles&^TC mhcioh iti}h fb ~gh {}fahc~ ~gh ~l~`h

Sfx` Ohe gin i`}hin| mhhe sh`hc~hn ~gh cfech{~ bf} ~gh Ofrlh gin mhhe hs~im`lsghn ien i

rh}slfe fb ~gh sc}l{~ gin mhhe t}l~~he%97

97^gh {ìle~lbbs s~i~h ~gi~ ef feh issfcli~hn tl~g ~gh Ofrlh tfx`n inol~ ~f ~l~`led ~ghsc}l{~ tglcg ~gh| cfe~hen }ilshs i sh}lfxs bic~xi` yxhs~lfe imfx~ ~gh f}ldle ien ohieled fb ~gh~l~`h b}fo Nhbhenie~s {h}s{hc~lrh ~gi~ cieef~ mh }hsf`rhn tl~gfx~ i ax}|s nh~h}olei~lfe%'[]NSXB i~ {% 3; ]hs{fesh ~f 99=%, ^gh cfx}~ gis hwiolehn ~gh }hbh}hechn ~hs~lofe| tglcgoh}h`| hs~im`lsghs ~gi~ S~feh ien B}lhen`| cfx`n ef~ }hci`` tgf ~l~`hn ~gh Ofrlh% ^gh cfx}~ nfhs

3


40/98

Le Sh{~homh} =;;4 ^TC ~g}fxdg l~s Nloheslfe Blòs Nlrlslfe {x}cgishn ~gh }ldg~s ~f

~gh sc}hhe{ì| fb ~gh Ofrlh 'tglcg tis }hbh}}hn ~f le ~gh cfe~}ic~ is Sfx` Ohe b&j&i xe~l~`hn

micjx{ sledh}s {}fahc~, b}fo Ji~ai Cf}{% Blòled bf} ~gh Ofrlh ~ffj {ìch mh~thhe Aiexi}|

== ien I{}l` 9 =;;7% Ef~ lec`xnled {}h/ ien {fs~/{}fnxc~lfe ~loh 38 ni|s fb blòled ~ffj

{ìch le Sg}hrh{f}~ @fxlsliei > ni|s le Oho{gls ^heehsshh ien 3 ni|s le @fs Iedh`hs

Ci`lbf}eli% L~ ls xec`hi} gft oie| gfx}s lb ie| fb {}h/ ien {fs~/{}fnxc~lfe ~loh ~ffj {ìch le

^heehsshh%9< ^TC mhdie {}fof~led Sfx` Ohe is hi}`| is Bhm}xi}| =;;7 i{{i}he~`| mhbf}h

blòled gin blelsghn%

^gh Ofrlh cfech}es i }fin ~}l{ lerf`rled Sioxh` @% Aicjsfes cgi}ic~h} @fxls Glens

ien Mh}elh Oics cgi}ic~h} B`f|n Ghenh}sfe% ^gh Ofrlh f{hes tl~g i bixw mlfd}i{glci`

nfcxohe~i}| fb i blc~lfei` oxslc d}fx{ ci``hn Oi}cxs Gffjs ien ^gh ]hi` Nhi` cfo{}lshn fb

`hin sledh} Oi}cxs Gffjs ien micjx{ sledh}s ^gh ]hi` Nhi` 'l%h% Glens ien Ghenh}sfe,% Ie

f{heled shdohe~ sgfts ~gh d}fx{ sledled ~gh sfed Lo \fx} [x{{h~ 'ef~ i Sio " Nirh

ef~ le~h}{}h~ ~ghl} leiml`l~| ~f }hci`` ~gls {i}~lcxì} nh~il` is c}hi~led i sh}lfxs bic~xi` nls{x~himfx~ ~gh c}hi~lrh {}fchss mhglen ~gh Ofrlh fe tglcg S~feh ien B}lhen`| 'iofed f~gh}tl~ehsshs, f~gh}tlsh {}frlnhn nh~il`hn ~hs~lofe|%

9;


41/98

f}ldlei`, ien ~ghe le i ofe~idh sgfts ~gh d}fx{ ohomh}s Ib}f gil}nfs dh~~led mlddh} ien

~ghl} c`f~gled of}h fx~}idhfxs nx}led ~gh 9


42/98

^gh Ofrlh cfe~iles ie hwchsslrh iofxe~ fb cx}sled lec`xnled ~gh b tf}n nh}fdi~f}|

~h}os bf} tfohe ien }icli``| cgi}dhn cx}sh tf}ns s{fjhe m| Aicjsfes cgi}ic~h}%

^gh {ìle~lbbs girh {fle~hn fx~ ch}~ile slolì}l~lhs mh~thhe Sfx` Ohe ien ~gh }hi` `lrhs fb

Sio " Nirh1

Sio Off}h gin ox`~l{`h cgl`n}he fx~ fb thn`fcj ien ~gh Glens cgi}ic~h}gis i nixdg~h} fx~ fb thn`fcj:

Sio " Nirh i}h mf~g Ib}lcie/Ioh}lcie sfx` sledh}s `ljh ^gh ]hi` Nhi`:

Sio " Nirh th}h i oi`h/oi`h nxf `ljh ^gh ]hi` Nhi :

Sio " Nirh th}h ef~ }hì~hn le }hi` lbh ien ehl~gh} th}h ~gh ohomh}s fb

^gh ]hi` Nhi`:

Sio " Nirh i~ ~lohs ~}irh`hn m| ci} ien ~gh Ofrlh lerf`rhs i c}fss/cfxe~}| }fin ~}l{:

Sio " Nirh th}h S~iw sledh}s tgf icglhrhn bioh ~g}fxdg Oho{gls/mishn }hcf}nleds is nln ~gh blc~lfei` mien Oi}cxs Gffjs ien ^gh ]hi`Nhi`:

^gh Ofrlh bhi~x}hs i scheh i~ Oho{glss [himfn| Gf~h` tgh}h SioOff}h fb~he s~i|hn:

^gh Ofrlh cxòlei~hs tl~g i scheh i~ gh I{f``f ^ghi~}h tgh}h SioOff}h fb~he {h}bf}ohn:

Glens ien Ghenh}sfe {h}bf}o Gf`n Fe Lo Cfole tglcg ls i Sio "Nirh sfed ien Aicjsfes cgi}ic~h} x~l`lqhs ie in `lm ci~cg/{g}ishcfe~ilehn le ~gh f}ldlei` }hcf}nled m| Sio " Nirh:

Sio " Nirh tf}h m}ldg~`| cf`f}hn c`f~gled ien sgi}j sjle sxl~s is i~~lohs ^gh ]hi` Nhi` ohomh}s nln tghe {h}bf}oled le ~gh Ofrlh:

Sio " Nirh fb~he tf}h sxedìsshs ien gi~s is gh ]hi` Nhi` ohomh}snln le ~gh Ofrlh:

Sio " Nirh nlsmienhn ib~h} girled le~h}ei` nlsid}hhohe~s ien ~ghe}hxel~hn axs~ `ljh ~gh cgi}ic~h}s le ~gh Ofrlh:

>=


43/98

^gh cgi}ic~h}s le ~gh Ofrlh niechn tl~g cgi}ic~h} ien he~gxslisooxcg `ljh Sio " Nirh nln:

Lsiic Gi|hs tgf {ì|s i bf}oh} issfcli~h fb ^gh ]hi` Nhi` le ~gh Ofrlhtis le }hi` `lbh i sfedt}l~h} ien {}fnxch}&i}}iedh} bf} Sio " Nirh%

^gh {ìle~lbbs i`sf {fle~ fx~ ~gi~ oi}jh~led oi~h}li`s bf} ~gh Ofrlh {}fof~hn Glens ien

Ghenh}sfes cgi}ic~h} is i `hdheni}| nxf ien ~gi~ ~}il`h}s ien inrh}~lsled bf} ~gh Ofrlh

lec`xnhn ~gh sfed Gf`n Fe Lo Cfole% Mishn fe ~ghsh ien f~gh} slolì}l~lhs ~gh {ìle~lbbs

i``hdh ~gi~ Sioxh` @% Aicjsfes cgi}ic~h} le Sfx` Ohe @fxls Glens tis mishn s{hclblci``| fe

Sio Off}h ien ~gi~ Mh}elh Oics cgi}ic~h} tis mishn fe Nirh [}i~h}% ^gh {ìle~lbbs i`sf

cfe~hen ~gi~ ~gh nhbhenie~s oi}jh~hn ~gh Ofrlh ien l~s Sfxen~}icj ~f ci{l~i`lqh fe ~gh {f~he~li`

issfcli~lfe mh~thhe ~gh ~l~`h Sfx` Ohe ien Sio Off}hs i``hdhn Sfx` Ohe ~}inhoi}j%

Ef~tl~gs~ienled ~ghsh m}fin slolì}l~lhs ~gh Ofrlh cfe~iles ef nl}hc~ }hbh}hechs ~f

Sio " Nirh f} Sio Off}h% Sio Off}hs eioh ls ehrh} ohe~lfehn le ~gh Ofrlh ef} nfhs

~gh Ofrlh cfe~ile ie| {gf~fd}i{gs f} loidhs fb Sio Off}h f} Sio " Nirh% ^gh Ofrlh mhdles

tl~g i nlscìloh} ~gi~ ^gh {h}sfes ien hrhe~s le ~gls of~lfe {lc~x}h i}h blc~l~lfxs% Ie|

slolì}l~| ~f ic~xi` {h}sfes f} hrhe~s ls xele~he~lfei`% ^gh Ofrlh nfhs ef~ cfe~ile ie| Sio "

Nirh }hcf}nleds: ~gh fe`| Sio " Nirh sfed le ~gh blò ls ~gh cfrh} rh}slfe fb Gf`n Fe Lo

Cfole {h}bf}ohn m| ^gh ]hi` Nhi` 'l%h% Aicjsfe ien Oic,% ^gh Ofrlh cfe~iles ri}lfxs

f}ldlei` }hcf}nleds fb oxslci` {h}bf}oiechs m| f~gh}]"M i}~ls~s cfrh}s fb shrh}i` efe/Sio "

Nirh sfeds m| ^gh ]hi` Nhi` ien ~gh f}ldlei` sfed I Ti`j le ~gh [i}j tglcg tis }hcf}nhn

m| Aicjsfe ien Oic s{hclblci``| bf} ~gh Ofrlh%

^gh}h i}h i`sf ri}lfxs {i~he~ nlbbh}hechs mh~thhe ~gh }hi` `lrhs fb Sio " Nirh ien ~gh

Ofrlhs ^gh ]hi` Nhi` cgi}ic~h}s ien {`f~`leh%

>3


44/98

^gh ]hi` Nhi` ohomh}s th}h slo{`| micjx{ sledh}s ~f i biofxs hinsledh} tgh}his Sio " Nirh icglhrhn ~ghl} bioh {h}bf}oled is `hinsledh}s:=;

Sio " Nirh ehrh} }hxel~hn ~f {h}bf}o i~ ~gh bxeh}i` fb i bf}oh} `hin

sledh} ~gh mislc lo{h~xs mhglen ~gh Ofrlhs {`f~ mhcixsh ~gh| ehrh}micjhn x{ i `hin sledh} le ~gh bl}s~ {`ich:

^gh}h ls ef hrlnhech ~gi~ Sio " Nirh hrh} }hxel~hn ~f ~ijh i c}fss/cfxe~}| }fin ~}l{ mhbf}h Nirh [}i~h}s nhi~g le 9


45/98

nixdg~h} f} Nirhs nixdg~h} f} ~gi~ hl~gh} i}~ls~ hrhe gin i nixdg~h}tgf {h}bf}ohn oxslc hrhe ~gfxdg ~gh c`loic~lc scheh le ~gh Ofrlhlerf`rhs i n}ioi~lc sfed cf`ìmf}i~lfe mh~thhe ^gh ]hi` Nhi` ien C`hf'Glens nixdg~h}, i~ ^gh I{f``f ^ghi~}h%%

^gh {ìle~lbbs girh ef~ {}hshe~hn hrlnhech ~gi~ ~gh cfesxoled {xm`lc ic~xi``| mh`lhrhs

~gi~ Sio " Nirh f} Sio Off}h i{{}frhn ~gh Ofrlh f} ~gi~ l~ cfes~l~x~hs i `lbh gls~f}| fb Sio

" Nirh%

Efeh fb ~gh oi}jh~led oi~h}li`s bf} ~gh Ofrlh ohe~lfe f} cfe~ile {gf~fd}i{gs fb Sio

" Nirh f} Sio Off}h% Ehrh}~gh`hss ~gh {ìle~lbbs cfe~hen ~gi~ ~ghsh oi~h}li`s sfxdg~ ~f

ololc ~gh `ljhehss fb Sio " Nirh%

N% Sioxh` @% Aicjsfes hs~lofe|

I~ nh{fsl~lfe Aicjsfe nhelhn girled mishn ~gh Glens cgi}ic~h} fe Sio Off}h% Gh

~hs~lblhn ~gi~ ef feh ~f`n glo ~f mish gls }f`h le ~gh Ofrlh fe Sio " Nirh&Sio Off}h ~gi~ gh

nln ef~ mish gls niecled ofrhs fe Sio " Nirh niech ofrhs ~gi~ gh tf}h sxedìsshs le

ch}~ile schehs mhcixsh ~gh| th}h slolì} ~f sginhs ~gi~ gh fb~he thi}s ~gi~ gh gin ehrh} shhe i

`lrh {h}bf}oiech m| Sio " Nirh f} Sio Off}h mhbf}h blòled ~gh Ofrlh ien ~gi~ gh cgfsh ~f

thi} gi~s ~f hoxì~h f`nh} ohe tgf tf}h ~gfsh ~|{hs fb gi~s%=9 Hsshe~li``| Aicjsfe

nlscìlohn ~gi~ gh gin ie| le~he~lfe ~f s{hclblci``| {f}~}i| Sio Off}h f} ie| {i}~lcxì}

oxslci` i}~ls~ le ~gh Ofrlh%

Is ~gh {ìle~lbbs {fle~ fx~ Aicjsfe inol~~hn ~gi~ gh `ls~hehn ~f Sio " Nirh sfeds

d}ftled x{ ~gi~ gh gin Sio Off}h frh} ~f gls gfoh i~ `his~ fech ien ~gi~ le hi}`| =;;4 gh

=9Shh, h%d% Nfcjh~ Ef% 3;7 Hw% 3= i~ 871


46/98

gin ei}}i~hn i [MS/^R nfcxohe~i}| m| Cfecf}n ci``hn ]hs{hc~ \fx}sh`b1 ^gh S~iw ]hcf}ns

S~f}| tglcg lec`xnhs shdohe~s le tglcg Sio " Nirh {h}bf}o ien niech ~f Sfx` Oie ien

Gf`n Fe Lo Cfole iofed {h}bf}oiechs m| exoh}fxs f~gh} i}~ls~s% Aicjsfe gis ~hs~lblhn

~gi~ i`~gfxdg gh ei}}i~hn ~gh [MS s{hcli` gh nln ef~ ic~xi``| rlht ~gh blei` blò% Cfesls~he~

tl~g gls cxs~foi}| {}ic~lch gh slo{`| }hcf}nhn ~gh ei}}i~lrh le i s~xnlf ien ehrh} ti~cghn ~gh

nfcxohe~i}| hrhe ~gfxdg l~ cfe~ilehn gls rflch% ^gh {ìle~lbbs i`sf {fle~ fx~ ~gi~ Aicjsfe

~hs~lblhn ~gi~ gh ien Oic {h}bf}ohn Gf`n Fe Lo Cfole le ~gh Ofrlh tl~gfx~ s{hcli`

{}h{i}i~lfe i{{i}he~`| b}fo ohof}|%

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bf} {x}{fshs fb sxooi}| axndohe~ i{{i}he~`| mishn fe ~ghl} mh`lhb ~gi~ Aicjsfes ~hs~lofe|

}hdi}nled ~gh [MS s{hcli` ien ~gh {h}bf}oiech fb Gf`n Fe Lo Cfole b}fo ohof}| i}h sf

nxmlfxs is ~f {ìch i`` fb gls ~hs~lofe| le nfxm~% I`~gfxdg ~gh {ìle~lbbs i}dxh ~gi~ ~gh cfx}~

sgfx`n ef~ icch{~ ~gh c}hnlml`l~| fb Aicjsfes ~hs~lofe| i~ ~gls s~idh ~gh {ìle~lbbs girh ef~

cl~hn ~f hrlnhech cfe~}inlc~led Aicjsfes stf}e ~hs~lofe|% Of}hfrh} ~gh cfx}~ blens ef

lecfesls~hechs le Aicjsfes ~hs~lofe| hl~gh} le~h}ei``| f} tl~g }hs{hc~ ~f f~gh} stf}e ~hs~lofe|%

^gxs ~gh cfx}~ tl`` is l~ oxs~ i~ ~gls s~idh }h`| fe ~gh xecfe~}inlc~hn bic~s%

H% Sio Off}hs Fmahc~lfes ~f ~gh Ofrlh

Le Fc~fmh} =;;4 ~gh {ìle~lbbs }hchlrhn i cf{| fb ~gh Ofrlhs sc}l{~ tglcg i~ ~gh ~loh

tis xenh} ~gh tf}jled ~l~`h Sfx` Ohe% Ib~h} isch}~ileled lebf}oi~lfe imfx~ ~gh cfe~he~ fb ~gh

blò Sio Off}h dirh ohnli le~h}rlhts le tglcg gh hw{}hsshn ~gi~ ~gh Ofrlh tis i }l{ fbb fb

gls `lbh gls~f}|% ^gh {ìle~lbbs i`sf n}ib~hn i {}hss }h`hish ci``led ~gh Ofrlh bijh% ]fdh}

B}lhnoie ie Ioh}lcie he~h}~ileohe~ ehts afx}ei`ls~ ien {}fbhsslfei` cf``hidxh fb ~gh Off}hs

>2


47/98

cfe~ic~hn ^TC ox`~l{`h ~lohs ~f hw{}hss cfech}es tl~g ~gh cfe~he~ fb ~gh Ofrlh ien ~gh bic~

~gi~ l~ nln ef~ lec`xnh Sio Off}h%== Sio Off}hs cfxesh` i`sf she~ i exomh} fb `h~~h}s ~f ^TC

hw{}hssled Sio Off}hs cfech}e ~gi~ ~gh Ofrlh lb }h`hishn tfx`n leb}ledh gls }ldg~s le ~gh

Oi}js ien {f}~}i| glo le i bi`sh `ldg~% ^TC fbbh}hn Sio Off}h i ciohf }f`h le ~gh blò tglcg

tis ehi}led ~gh hen fb {}fnxc~lfe mx~ Sio Off}h nhc`lehn ~gh fbbh} is lesx`~led%

Ef~tl~gs~ienled Sio Off}hs fmahc~lfes ^TC }h`hishn ~gh Ofrlh is scghnx`hn%

B% ^gh Sfxen~}icj

Nx}led blòled ^TC i{{i}he~`| ehdf~li~hn tl~g i exomh} fb }hcf}n ìmh`s bf} ~gh }ldg~s

~f {}fnxch ~gh Sfx` Ohe Sfxen~}icj% 'Shh NSXB Hw% >9%, Fe Oi}cg 9 =;;7 ^TC he~h}hn

le~f ie id}hhohe~ tl~g Cfecf}n bf} {}fnxc~lfe fb ~gh Sfxen~}icj% M| ~gi~ ~loh ~gh sfeds

{h}bf}ohn le ~gh Ofrlh m| Aicjsfe ien Oic sfoh fb tglcg th}h lec`xnhn fe ~gh Sfxen~}icj

gin i`}hin| mhhe }hcf}nhn% Le cfeaxec~lfe tl~g ~gh }h`hish fb ~gh Ofrlh ~gh Sfxen~}icj tis

}h`hishn fe Efrhomh} > =;;7% ^gh Sfxen~}icj lec`xnhn ie lesh}~ tglcg s~i~hn ~gi~ ^gh

F}ldlei` Sfx` Ohe i}h i~ S~iw tglcg {ìle~lbbs cfe~hen rlfì~hn ~ghl} ~}inhoi}j }ldg~s ~f ^gh

F}ldlei` Sfx` Oie%

==Shh, h%d% []NSXB Hw% =< i~ {% 4 9;&39&;4 Hoil` b}fo B}lhnoie ~f ^TC 'L shh ~ghsc}l{~ gis ~gh ~tf sfx` ohe le hsshech c}lmmled b}fo ~gh Sio " Nirh s~f}| % % % % Tgi~s tf}sh~gh| t}f~h le Lsiic Gi|hs is i cgi}ic~h}) % % % % Z^_f bhi~x}h glo ien ef~ Sio tfx`n }hi``| mh~h}}lm`h % % % % ^gh feh ~gled ~gi~ sgfx`ne~ gi{{he gh}h ls bf} ~gh ixnlhech ~f ~glej ~gls ls ~gh }hi`Sio " Nirh s~f}|% Sio gis gls fte d}hi~ s~f}| ~f ~h`` % % % % ZG_h ls Sfx` Oie ~gh ti| AiohsM}fte tis Dfnbi~gh} fb Sfx`% ^gh}hs fe`| feh Sfx` Oie%,: ln% i~ {% > =&>&;7 hoil` b}foB}lhnoie ~f ^TC ]h{}hshe~i~lrhs 'Axs~ `ffjled i~ ~gls sc}l{~ ~gh}h i}h shrh}i` }hbh}hechs ~fSio " Nirh % % % % ZG_ft tfx`n |fx bhh` lb sfohfeh oinh i ofrlh imfx~ ~tf m}f~gh}s tgfs~i}~hn i ofrlh cfo{ie|6 Ien eiohn l~ ib~h} ~ghl} {i}he~s6 \fx dh~ ~gh n}lb~%,% Gi}rh|Thles~hle }hs{fenhn ~f ~gh 9;&39&;4 hoil` b}fo B}lhnoie is bf``fts1 Nhi} ]fdh}1 ^gls lsimfx~ micjx{ sledh}s% L ~glej |fx i}h }hinled le~f l~ ti| ~ff oxcg% L nf id}hh l~ tfx`n mh elch~f girh Sio le ~gh}h is i ciohf mx~ ~gls Zofrlh_ ls imfx~ d}xo{| f`n ohe% 'Ln% i~ {% 4%,

>4


48/98

^gh Sfxen~}icj bhi~x}hs ~th`rh }hcf}nleds sxed m| Aicjsfe ien Oic Lsiic Gi|hs

Ie~gfe| Giol`~fe Afge @hdhen Sgi}fe Afehs ien ~gh Ni{ Jleds Hnnlh B`f|n ien f~gh}s%

^gh Sfxen~}icj cfe~iles eht oxslc ien f`n oxslc oinh {f{x`i} le ~gh `i~h 9


49/98

ois~h}s 'l%h% ~gh ois~h} }hcf}nleds fb ~ghl} f}ldlei` {h}bf}oiechs,% ^gxs ~gh {ìle~lbbs girh

ef cfe~}f` frh} gft ~gh I~ìe~lc ]hcf}ns I`mxo ls cx}}he~`| nls~}lmx~hn f} lcheshn% I`~gfxdg

~gh {ìle~lbbs i}h m}fin`| iti}h fb ~gh {f{xì}l~| fb ~gh sfed Sfx` Ohe ien ~gh i`mxo Sio "

Nirh Sfx` Ohe ~gh {ìle~lbbs girh ef {h}sfei` jeft`hndh fb si`hs lerhe~f}| oi}jh~led f}

}hrhexh }hì~hn ~f ~gh I~ìe~lc ]hcf}ns I`mxo% Bx}~gh}of}h Sio Off}h nln ef~ cgffsh ~f ~l~`h

~gh I~ìe~lc ]hcf}ns I`mxo is Sio " Nirh Sfx` Ohe ef} nln Sio Off}h cgffsh ~f ~l~`h ~gh

sfed Sfx` Ohe% ^gh {ìle~lbbs girh ef~ {}fnxchn hrlnhech ~gi~ Sio Off}h }h~iles ie|

{}f{h}~| }ldg~s f} nl}hc~ bleiecli` le~h}hs~s le ~gh I~ìe~lc ]hcf}ns I`mxo% Ehrh}~gh`hss gh

i{{hi}s ~f issh}~ sfoh bf}o fb ~}inhoi}j le~h}hs~s le ~gh ~l~`h fb ~gi~ i`mxo%

Le Nhchomh} =;;7 Gls~f}lc Oxslc Lec% ien Xelrh}si` Oxslc He~h}{}lshs }h`hishn i NRN

le ~gh Xel~hn S~i~hs cfech}eled Sio " Nirh he~l~`hn ^gh F}ldlei` Sfx` Ohe Sio " Nirh

NRN% 'Gh}hleib~h} Gls~f}lc Blòs NRN%,=3 Gls~f}lc Oxslc Lec% xenh} ie hwc`xslrh `lchesh

~f Xelrh}si` Oxslc He~h}{}lshs gf`ns ~gh cf{|}ldg~ ~f ~gls NRN% Xelrh}si` Oxslc Nls~}lmx~lfe

ls ~gh nls~}lmx~f} fb ~gh Gls~f}lc Blòs NRN% ^gh NRN tglcg tis ef~ }h`hishn le ~ghi~h}s le ~gh

Xel~hn S~i~hs ls i nfcxohe~i}| imfx~ Sio " Nirh%

Le Fc~fmh} =;;4 th`` mhbf}h ~gh NRN tis }h`hishn Sio Off}h ien Gls~f}lc Blòs

he~h}hn le~f ie id}hhohe~ le tglcg Sio Off}h d}ie~hn Gls~f}lc Blòs ~gh }ldg~ ~f x~l`lqh ixnlf

ien rlsxi` loidhs fb glo le ~gh nfcxohe~i}| is th`` is ~gh ~}inhoi}j bf} Sio " Nirh ~gi~ L

fte ien cfe~}f` % % % % 'NSXB Hw% >> i~ {% 9%, Le }h~x}e Sio Off}h }hchlrhn .48;;%;; ien ~gh

=3^gh {ìle~lbbs s~i~h ~gi~ Xelrh}si` Blòs XJ }h`hishn ~gh NRN% I`~gfxdg l~ ls ef~he~l}h`| c`hi} b}fo ~gh bich fb ~gh NRN tgh~gh} ~gls ls cf}}hc~ ~gls bic~xi` nls~lec~lfe lshsshe~li``| l}}h`hrie~% Tl~gfx~ oijled i bic~xi` blenled is ~f tglcg he~l~| ic~xi``| }h`hishn ~ghNRN ~gh cfx}~ tl`` }hbh} ~f ~gh NRN is ~gh Gls~f}lc Blòs NRN%

>


50/98

}ldg~ ~f }hchlrh =8( fb ie| d}fss }f|i`~| }hchlrhn m| Gls~f}lc Blòs le cfeehc~lfe ~gh NRN%

^gh id}hhohe~ nfhs ef~ hw{`lcl~`| }hbh}hech ~gh Sfx` Oie Oi}j% L~ nfhs ef~ i{{hi} ~gi~ Sio

Off}h ic~xi``| }hchlrhn ie| cfo{hesi~lfe f~gh} ~gie ~gh .48;;%;; x{/b}fe~ {i|ohe~%

^gh F}ldlei` Sfx` Ohe Sio " Nirh tis ef~ ~gh f}ldlei` ~l~`h fb ~gh Gls~f}lc Blòs

NRN: les~hin l~ i{{hi}s ~gi~ ~gh Ofrlhs {}fnxch}s inf{~hn ~gh ~l~`h i~ Af|ch Off}hs mhghs~% =>

I~ ie| }i~h ~gh bich fb ~gh NRN cfe~iles ^gh F}ldlei` le soi`` tgl~h `h~~h}s Sfx` Ohe

nl}hc~`| mh`ft le s`ldg~`| ì}dh} tgl~h bfe~ ien Sio " Nirh mh`ft ~gi~ le oxcg ì}dh}

s~|`lqhn |h``ft `h~~h}s%

^gh {ìle~lbbs m}fin`| i``hdh i cfo{h~led ~l~`hs cìlo }hì~lrh ~f ~gh 98%,

=8Feh fb ~ghsh he~l~lhs Loi Ni Tlbh He~h}{}lshs tis lecf}{f}i~hn le ^heehsshh le9


51/98

Le innl~lfe ~f ~ghl} I}lqfei gfoh ~gh Off}hs i`sf oile~ilehn i }hslnhech le Eisgrl``h

^heehsshh b}fo 948 X%S% 84> 872 9;2 S% C~% 93>7 7< @% Hn% =n

89


52/98

837 '9 'yxf~ledIenh}sfe r% @lmh}~| @fmm|Lec% >44 X%S% =>= =>48

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{i}~|s {fsl~lfe tl`` mh lesxbblclhe~Of`nftie 847 B%3n i~ 34> 'yxf~ledIenh}sfe >44 X%S% i~

=8=, ien ~gh efe/ofrie~s {}ffb oxs~ mh of}h ~gie oh}h`| cf`f}im`h% Ienh}sfe >44 X%S% i~

=> 'cl~ledOi~sxsgl~i >48

X%S% i~ 874,%

IEI@\SLS FB EFE/OH]L^S ^G]HSGF@N LSSXHS

[]HSHE^HN M\ OF^LFE BF] SXOOI]\ AXNDOHE^

L% Dheh}i` @icj fb Cì}l~|

Le ~ghl} cìlos 'ien issfcli~hn i}dxohe~s, ~gh {ìle~lbbs girh ì}dh`| bil`hn ~f nls~ledxlsg

tgh~gh} ien gft ~ghl} cìlos }hì~h ~f ~gh Oi}js ~gh ^l~`hs f} mf~g% Slolì}`| ~gh {ìle~lbbs

issh}~ hicg fb ~ghl} cìlos idiles~ i`` nhbhenie~s hrhe ~gfxdg hicg nhbhenie~ {ì|hn i nls~lec~

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le~h}cgiedhim`| ~f }ldg~s gh`n ien&f} issh}~hn m| Sio Off}h ien }ldg~s issh}~hn ien&f} gh`n

m| ~gh {ìle~lbbs hrhe ~gfxdg ~gh ei~x}h fb hicgs {ìle~lbbs }ldg~s 'tgi~hrh} ~gh| oi| mh, i}h

8=


53/98

`hdi``| nls~lec~% ^gls m`xenh}mxss i{{}ficg i~ ~lohs gis oinh l~ nlbblcx`~ ~f isch}~ile ~gh {}hclsh

ei~x}h fb i {i}~lcxì} cìlo m| tgfo ls l~ ls mhled {}f{h}`| issh}~hn ien ~f tglcg nhbhenie~'s,

~gi~ cìlo hrhe cfechlrim`| i{{`lhs% Le l~s iei`|sls mh`ft ~gh cfx}~ gis henhirf}hn ~f n}it

~gfsh nls~lec~lfes tgh}h }h`hrie~%

LL% Cìlos m| ^gh [ìle~lbbs

^gh {ìle~lbbs ì}dh`| girh {`hinhn ien i}dxh ~ghl} cìlos le cf``hc~lrh ~h}os% Gfthrh}

~gh nhbhenie~s i}dxh ~gi~ ~gh {ìle~lbbs girh ef~ sgfte ~gi~ Af|ch Off}h f} ^gh SAO ^}xs~ girh

ie| le~h}hs~s ~f issh}~ le ~gls ìtsxl~% 'Shh Nhbs% SA Oho% i~ {% 3 e%>%,

Tl~g }hs{hc~ ~f Af|ch Off}h ~gh nhbhenie~s s~i~h is bf``fts1

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'Ln%, 'ho{gisls le f}ldlei`, 'le~h}ei` cl~i~lfes fol~~hn,% Tl~g }hs{hc~ ~f ^gh SAO ^}xs~ ~gh

nhbhenie~s s~i~h is bf``fts1

^gh SAO ^}xs~ gis }hrhi`hn l~sh`b ~f mh i sgio he~l~| ien `l~ldie~% L~ ls ieI}lqfei ~}xs~ ef~ i heehsshh ~}xs~ is i``hdhn le ~gh {`hinleds% SAO gis ef~cfo{`lhn tl~g ie| bf}oi` f} f~gh} }hyxl}hohe~s sh~ bf}~g le ~gh ~}xs~ nfcxohe~ f}xenh} ìt 'bf} hwio{`h ef ieexi` }h{f}~s f} ~iw bl`leds girh mhhe oinh,% Feof}h ~gie feh fccislfe le t}l~~he nlscfrh}| }hs{feshs [ìle~lbbs girh stf}e ~gi~SAO ls ~gh fteh} fb ~gh le~iedlm`h cfoofe ìt ~}inhoi}j }ldg~s issh}~hn le ~glsìtsxl~% SAO gis ef ien ehrh} gin ie| }hì~lfesgl{ ~f ^heehsshh % % % % Ib~h}SAOs 3;'m,'2, nh{fsl~lfe [ìle~lbbs id}hhn ~f nlsolss SAO tl~g {}haxnlch mx~bil`hn ~f he~h} le~f i s~l{xì~lfe fb nlsolssi` xenh} Bhn% ]% Clr% [% >9 is nl}hc~hn

m| Oidls~}i~h Axndh M}fte%

83


54/98

'Ln% 'ho{gisls innhn,: shh i`sf Nfcjh~ Ef% 343 i~ {%9; e%9; ien {{% 92/94%,=2

Le ~ghl} ]hs{fesh ~gh {ìle~lbbs bil` ~f inn}hss ie| fb ~gh nhbhenie~s cfe~he~lfes

}hdi}nled ~gh rliml`l~| fb cìlos m| Af|ch Off}h ien ^gh SAO }xs~% ^gh {ìle~lbbs sl`hech le

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lo{`lcl~ imienfeohe~ fb ~gfsh {ìle~lbbs cìlos ~gh}hm| axs~lb|led sxooi}| axndohe~ fe ~gi~

misls i`feh% Shh Dlmsfe/Gfohs r% Blb~g ^gl}n Miej 229 B% Sx{{% =n


55/98

I% @hdi` S~ieni}n ien ~gh [i}~lhs [fsl~lfes

Sio Off}h {`hinhn ~gh bf``ftled cìlos xenh} ^heehsshh ìt1 '9, i }ldg~ fb {xm`lcl~|

cìlo xenh} ~gh ^[][I ien ^heehsshh cfoofe ìt 'Cfxe~ L,: '=, bi`sh `ldg~ lerislfe fb {}lric|

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~}inhoi}j nl`x~lfe xenh} ~gh ^ÔI 'Cfxe~ LW,% ^gh nhbhenie~s i}dxh ~gi~ xenh} cgflch fb ìt

{}lecl{`hs ^heehsshh ìt nfhs ef~ ic~xi``| i{{`| ~f ch}~ile fb ~ghsh cìlos ~gh}hm| ti}}ie~led

~ghl} nlsolssi`%

I bhnh}i` cfx}~ sl~~led le nlrh}sl~| oxs~ i{{`| ~gh cgflch/fb/ìt }x`hs fb ~gh bf}xo s~i~h

le ~gls cish ^heehsshh% Ofe~dfoh}| r% T|h~g 87; B%3n >88 >8< '2~g Cl}% =;;9 '2~g Cl}% 9


56/98

]ldg~ fb [xm`lcl~|1 '9, gh {i}~lhs nls{x~h tgh~gh} ~gh}h ls i cfeb lc~mh~thhe I}lqfei ien ^heehsshh ìt: ien '=, lb ~gh}h ls i cfeb`lc~ ~gh{i}~lhs nls{x~h tgh~gh} xenh} cgflch fb ìt {}lecl{`hs I}lqfei f}^heehsshh ìt sgfx`n i{{`| ~f ~gh {xm`lcl~| cìlos:

^C[I ien ÔI1 ^gh}h ls i cfeb`lc~ fb its }hì~lrh ~f ~gh ^C[I ien^ÔI cìlos=7 mx~ ~gh {i}~lhs nls{x~h tgh~gh} xenh} cgflch fb ìt{}lecl{`hs I}lqfei f} ^heehsshh ìt sgfx`n i{{`| ~f ~gfsh cìlos%

Xeaxs~ He}lcgohe~1 ^gh nhbhenie~s cfechnh ~gi~ mhcixsh mf~g s~i~hsx~l`lqh slolì} `hdi` s~ieni}ns ~gh}h ls ef cfeb`lc~ fb ìt ien ^heehsshhìt dfrh}es ~gls cìlo%

Xebil} Cfo{h~l~lfe1 gh nhbhenie~s nf ef~ cfe~hs~ ~gi~ ^heehsshh itdfrh}es ~gls cìlo%

Bi`sh @ldg~1 ^gh nhbhenie~s cfechnh ~gi~ mhcixsh I}lqfei ien heehsshhgirh mf~g inf{~hn ~gh ]hs~i~hohe~ i{{}ficg ~gh}h ls ef cfeb`lc~ fb ìtien ^heehsshh ìt dfrh}es ~gls cìlo%

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M% Cgflch fb @it Iei`|sls m| Cìlo

'9, ]ldg~ fb [xm`lcl~|

i% Tgh~gh} ~gh [xm lcl~| Cìlo [}hshe~s i Cfeb`lc~

I}lqfei s~i~x~f}| ìt fe`| }hcfdelqhs i }ldg~ fb {xm`lcl~| bf} ic~lrh ien bf}oh} ohomh}s

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=7^gh {ìle~lbbs girh i}dxhn ~gi~ ~gh}h ls ef cfeb`lc~ fb ìt mh~thhe I}lqfei ien^heehsshh }hì~lrh ~f ~gh }ldg~ fb {xm`lcl~| cìlo% ^gh| cfec`xsf}l`| issh}~ ~gi~ ~gls i}dxohe~i{{`lhs hyxi``| ~f ~gh ^ÔI ien ^C[I cìlos% '[`~bs% SA ]hs{% i~ {% 92 e%=8%, Gfthrh} ~gh^ÔI ien ^C[I cìlos i}h sxms~ie~lrh`| nls~lec~ b}fo ~gh }ldg~ fb {xm`lcl~| cìlo: ~gxs icfo{i}i~lrh cfeb`lc~s iei`|sls fb I}lqfei ien ^heehsshh ìt cfech}eled ~gh }ldg~ fb {xm`lcl~|nfhs ef~ mhi} fe ~gh ^ÔI ien ^C[I iei`|sls%

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gis }hcfdelqhn i cfoofe ìt cìlo bf} ~gh }ldg~ fb {xm`lcl~|% Gfthrh} bhnh}i` nls~}lc~ cfx}~s

bf} ~gh Nls~}lc~ fb I}lqfei girh gh`n ~gi~ ~gh}h ls ef }hisfe tg| i cìlo bf} lerislfe fb ~gh }ldg~

fb {xm`lcl~| sgfx`n ef~ mh }hcfdelqhn le I}lqfei ien ~gh}hbf}h inf{~hn ~gh ]hs~i~hohe~

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'yxf~led ]hs~i~hohe~ '^gl}n, fb Xebil} Cfo{h~l~lfe >2,,% ^gh I}lqfei cfoofe ìt {xm`lcl~|

cìlo nfhs ef~ c}hi~h c}lolei` {hei`~lhs f} ix~gf}lqh shlqx}h bf}bhl~x}h lo{fxenled ien

nhs~}xc~lfe%

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{h}sfes he~l~`hn ~f {}f~hc~lfe issldeiml`l~| ien nhscheniml`l~| ~gh ~|{hs fb xshs ~gi~ i}h

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}ldg~ fb {xm`lcl~| ls ei}}fth} ~gie ~gh ]hs~i~hohe~ i{{}ficg inf{~hn m| f~gh} s~i~hs% Dixcj

7;8 B% Sx{{% =n i~ 8;; 'ho{gisls innhn,%

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^gh}hbf}h ~gh cfx}~ blens ~gi~ ~gh}h ls i cfeb`lc~ fb ìts tl~g }hs{hc~ ~f ~gh }ldg~ fb {xm`lcl~|

cìlo% Iccf}nled`| ~gh cfx}~ tl`` xenh}~ijh i cfeb`lc~ fb its iei`|sls tl~g }hs{hc~ ~f ~gls

cìlo is th`` is tl~g }hs{hc~ ~f ~gh ^ÔI ien ^C[I cìlos%

'm, Cgflch fb @it Iei`|sls

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'c, ~gh nfolcl`h }hslnhech ei~lfei`l~| {ìch fb lecf}{f}i~lfeien {ìch fb mxslehss fb ~gh {i}~lhs ien

'n, ~gh {ìch tgh}h ~gh }hì~lfesgl{ lb ie| mh~thhe ~gh {i}~lhsls che~h}hn%

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Shh Mhi}nhe =;9; T@ 9==3


60/98

{}lecl{`hs s~i~hn le 2% ^gls tl`` xsxi``| mh ~gh s~i~h tgh}h ~gh {ìle~lbb tis nfolcl`hn i~ ~gh

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^gh {i}~lhs girh ef~ lnhe~lblhn ie| cish le tglcg i cfx}~ gis inn}hsshn gft ~f nh~h}oleh

tglcg s~i~hs ìts sgfx`n i{{`| ~f i }ldg~ fb {xm`lcl~| cìlo xenh} ^heehsshh cgflch fb ìt

{}lecl{`hs tgh}h ~gh i``hdhn rlfì~lfe fccx}}hn le ox`~l{`h ax}lsnlc~lfes% Gfthrh} i{{`|led ~gh

]hs~i~hohe~ bic~f}s ~gh cfx}~ blens ~gi~ I}lqfei ìt dfrh}es ~gh {ìle~lbbs cìlos% Ch}~ile`|

~gh}h ls sfoh }hì~lfesgl{ mh~thhe Sio Off}hs cìlos ien ^heehsshh1 i bht ni|s fb blòled

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2;


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