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Salolainen, Maarit; Partanen, Jouni; Moslemian, Oldouz; Suorlahti, Eeva; Kiviluoma, Panu;Niinimäki, KirsiCrossing over Boundaries through Experimental Pedagogy
Published in:REDO
Published: 31/05/2017
Document VersionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of record
Please cite the original version:Salolainen, M., Partanen, J., Moslemian, O., Suorlahti, E., Kiviluoma, P., & Niinimäki, K. (2017). Crossing overBoundaries through Experimental Pedagogy. In A. L. Bang, M. Mikkelsen, & A. Flinck (Eds.), REDO: CumulusConference Proceedings (pp. 156-168). Cumulus association.
Copyright©2017.Thecopyrightofeachpaperinthisconferenceproceedingsisthepropertyoftheauthor(s).Permissionisgrantedtoreproducecopiesoftheseworksforpurposesrelevanttotheaboveconference,providedthattheauthor(s),sourceandcopyrightnoticeareincludedoneachcopy.Forotherusespleasecontacttheauthor(s).
CrossingoverBoundariesthroughExperimentalPedagogyMaaritSalolainena*,JouniPartanenb,OldouzMoslemiana,EevaSuorlahtia,PanuKiviluomab,KirsiNiinimäkia
aAaltoUniversity,SchoolofArts,DesignandArchitecturebAaltoUniversity,SchoolofEngineering*Correspondingauthore-mail:[email protected]
Abstract: This paper describes an experimental teaching platform,which aims tocrossoverboundariestoeducatefuturedesignersandengineers.TheExperimentalTextileDesignmodule (ETD) is amultidisciplinary setof coursesdevelopedunderFashion, Clothing, and Textile Design program within School of Arts, Design andArchitecture in cooperation with The School of Engineering at Aalto University.Through redoing design pedagogy by opening theworld of engineering to designstudentsandespeciallybyexposingdesignmethodologiesandthevisualresearchprocesses to engineering students, we can help collaborative teams to redo thefuture.
Keywords:Experimentalteaching,Multidisciplinary,Collaboration,Textiledesign
1.ContextandobjectivesTheveryessenceoftextiledesignliesincooperationandmultidisciplinaryapproach.Textilesarecommonlyimplementedasmaterialorcomponentwithvarietyofpurposesinclothing,interiors,medicine,architectureandothertechnicalapplications.Educatingindividualswithabilitiestoworkinmultidisciplinaryenvironmentswith“hybrid”skillsandknowledge,capableofrethinkingdesignfutures,shouldbeencouraged.
TheExperimentalTextileDesignmodule(ETD)isamultidisciplinarysetofcoursesdevelopedunderFashion,Clothing,andTextileDesignprogramwithinSchoolofArts,Design,andArchitectureincooperationwithTheSchoolofEngineeringatAaltoUniversity.Themainobjectiveofthismoduleistoprovideaplatformtoshareknowledgeandopentherealmoftextilestoabroaderaudience.Itencouragesstudentstodevelopideasamongpeersfromdifferentbackgroundsthroughcollaborationandimplementtheirskillsintootherdisciplines.Themoduleprovidesanopportunityfordesignandengineeringstudentstoexploreexperimentaldesignapproachesandfabricationprocesses.Newandinnovativeproductscanresultfrominterdisciplinaryprojects,inwhichtextilelogicsandconstructionmethodsareappliedtonon-textilematerialsorinverselyinnovativetextilecompositionscanemergefromintegrationofnewtechnologies.
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2.StructureandTeachingMethodsTheETDmoduleisofferedtofirstyearmaster’sstudentsduringthefirstsemester.In2016,thismoduleinvolved28participantswithvariousbackgrounds,including22studentsfromtheSchoolofArts,DesignandArchitectureand6studentsfromtheSchoolofEngineering(Table1).
Table1.Providesinformationonparticipatingstudentsandtheirstudybackgrounds.
AaltoUniversitySchools ProgramofStudy No.ofstudents
SchoolofArts,Design,andArchitecture
TextileDesign 7
FashionDesign 10
CeramicsandProductDesign 2
SpatialDesign 1
VisualCultureandContemporaryArt 1
IndustrialDesign 1
SchoolofEngineering MechanicalEngineering 4
EngineeringPhysics 1
AutomationandInformationTechnology 1
28Total
Adaptivetostudents’skillsetsandinaccordancetotheirpersonalstudyplan,thestructureoftheETDmoduleallowsthestudentstotakepartinanumberofcoursesbasedontheirnecessitiesforknowledgeandareasofinterest(Table2).Thiseightweeksintensivemoduleiscomprisedofthefollowingsections:
• ResearchandConceptDevelopmentcourse• ARTsENGCollaborativeproject• PhotoandPresentationworkshop• BasicStudioWorkshops:Knittingstudio,Printingstudio,andWovenFabricsstudio
Table2.PresentstheweeklyscheduleoftheEDTmoduleinwhichdifferentsectionsofthecoursearestudied.
CourseSchedule
ResearchandConceptDevelopment
PrintedfabricsStudio
Knitsandknitwearstudio
WovenFabricsstudio
PhotoandPresentationWorkshop
ARTsENGCollaborativeProject
Week1
Week2
Week3
Week4
Week5
Week6
Week7
Week8
Thismultidisciplinarymoduleconcentratesonteachingcoreskillsofvisualresearch,conceptdevelopment,andtextiletechniquesthroughlearning-by-doing.Theteachingmethodsarebasedon
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constructivistteachingapproachesinwhichthegrowthofknowledgeistheresultofindividualconstructionsmadebythelearner'sunderstanding(Piaget,1973).Teachersguideeachstudenttorealisetheirprojectsthroughcontinuousandactivedialoguewiththelearnerinindividualandgrouptutoringsessions(Bauersfeld,1995;RhodesandBellamy,1999).
ThispaperfocusesonthemultidisciplinaryaspectsofResearchandConceptDevelopmentcourse,ARTsENGCollaborativeproject,andPhotoandPresentationworkshopsectionsoftheEDTmodule.
3.ResearchandConceptDevelopmentCourseThemultidisciplinaryResearchandConceptDevelopmentcourseestablishesaplatformforstudentstogenerateandsolidifytheirconceptsthroughvisualcommunicationandresearch.Thecourseincludesproductionofmood-boards,researchbooksandexperimentalsamplesreflectinguponthestudents’visualresearch.
TheInitialtaskistodeveloptwomood-boardsthroughtranslationofnotionsintovisualelements.Thestudentsfirstopenadiscoursewithintheirtopics,bydrawingassociationsandreferencesthroughvarietyofaspectssuchascultural,social,political,economical,andemotional,aswellastechniques,products,andmaterials.Tofurthersolidifytheconcepts,thestudentsareacquaintedwithnotionsofmood,contextandtargettoestablishthethemesandidentifytheobjectivesoftheprojects.
Figure1.ExamplesofVisualResearchBooksdevelopedbystudents.LeftImage:ElinaÄärelä,2016(photocredits:ElinaÄärelä)–RightImage:MatildaTuure,2016(photocredits:EevaSuorlahti)
Totranslatetheirvisualresearchintotangibleobjects,thestudentsareencouragedtochallengeconventionalmethodsofproduction.Basedontheirindividualideas,widerangeoftechniquesandmaterialsareexaminedthroughexplorativemethodsandcontinuousiterativeapproaches.This
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experimentalprocessallowsthestudentstoconfronttheirinitialideastomaterialisation.Thismaterialinputprovidesinsightandraisesnewquestionsthatfocustheproject’sdirection.
Theresearchbooksaretheprincipaloutcomeofthevisualresearch.Theyconstituteanessentialtoolandareconstructedbycontinuouscollectionofvisualreferencesandprocessworksutilizingsketching,photography,writing,andothermeansofdocumentation.Documentationprocessisfundamentaltorecordandillustratebothempiricalandtechnicalaspectsoftheexperimentations.Theycrystallisethesimultaneousiterationsbetweentheconceptualresearchandthematerialexperimentations.
Throughvisualresearch,studentsextractimagesfromtheircontextandcreatenewideas.Theabstractionoftheimages’contentallowsforversatileinterpretationandisusedasaninspirationaltoolforconceptualizationanddefiningproblems.Whilemanipulatingconceptsandcommunicatingideasthroughimagesisfamiliartodesignstudents,engineeringstudentsareoftenassignedapredefinedproblemtobesolved.Theopenandexplorativeapproachofvisualresearchingeneratingthedesignobjectivesmovesbeyondthecommonlylinearandanalyticalengineeringstudies.
Moreimportantly,theorganizationofthoughtsthroughdiversevisualmediacreatesacommunication“bridge”amongengineeringanddesignstudentsthatallowsforcrossingoverfieldspecificterminologiesandmind-sets.
Figure2.ExperimentalSampleCollectionthroughVisualResearch,HelmiLiikanen,2016(photocredits:HelmiLiikanen)
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4.ARTsENGCollaborativeProjectThismultidisciplinaryprojectestablishesaninnovativeplatformforstudentstomergetechnologyanddesignandtoexploreuniquewaysofdevelopingexperimentaltextiles,materials,structuresandfabricationmethods.In2016,18studentsformed6groupsof3:including2designand1engineeringstudent.
Throughlecturesandpresentations,thestudentsarefamiliarisedwithsubjectsencompassingresponsiveandkineticsystems,hybridorcompositematerials,aswellasdigitaldesignandfabricationmethodssuchas3DprintingandLaserCutting.Studentgroupsareformedthroughgainingperspectiveoftheirareasofinterestandanactiveconversationsurroundingtheabovementionedtopics.
DirectlylinkedtotheapproachesofResearchandConceptDevelopmentcourse,thestudentsdeveloptheirprojectideasingroups.Theteamsconducttheirexperimentalworkthroughiterativeapproachesandexplorativeprototyping.Theseprototypesoperateasmeansforlearning,communication,integration,andmilestones(Ulrich&Eppinger,1995).ThismethodislinkedtoConstructiveDesign,whichdefines“adesignresearchinwhichconstruction[…]takescenterplaceandbecomesthekeymeansinconstructingknowledge”(Koskinen,etal.,2011,p.5).Themethodofresearchthroughdesignsuitsthiscourseastheexperimentanditsoutcomesarethekeyelementsofproducingtheresearchquestionortheproblemtobesolved.Thisframeworkembodiesperspectivesofactionandpracticeasthemainelementsofknowing(Schön,1983;Johnson,2007).
Figure3.MaterialresearchprocessandprototypinginARTsENGCollaborativeProjects.LeftImage:Atso-KasperCostiander,experimentationinceramicsandelectronics,2016(photocredits:MikkoHoffren)–RightImage:Electronicsprototypingfor“Lucidum”Project,2016(photocredits:CarolinaForss)
Asacomplementarypedagogicalapproachaimingatfurtherintegrationofdisciplines,studentsfrombothdesignandengineeringdepartmentareaccountabletoprovideworkshopsrelevanttotheirareaofexpertiseandknowledgetotheirfellowstudents.Theseworkshopsincludeintroductiontoknitting,weaving,andprintingtechniquesintextiledesignandworkshopsconcerning3Dmodelling,3Dprintingandbasicelectronicsinengineering.Thisknowledgeconstructionenablesstudentstotransferinformationand“acquirecreativity,independence,self-confidenceandkeycompetencies,
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suchastheabilitytoworkinteams,theabilitytocommunicate,complexthinking[…],andtheabilitytostructureinformationandgenerateknowledge”(GrzegaandSchöner,2008,p.169).
Thiscollaborationallowsthestudentstofamiliarisethemselveswithexperimentalresearchmethods,conceptandproductdevelopmentapproaches,andbroaderpotentialapplicationareasoftheirknowledgebeyondtheconventionsoftheirstudyrealm.
5.PhotoandPresentationWorkshopTheconceptofthePhotoandPresentationworkshoprelatestomarketingandbrandingofadevelopedproduct.ConductedasthefinalstageoftheETDmodule,inthisworkshopallstudentsdocumenttheoutcomesoftheirresearch,experimentalsamples,andcollaborativeprojects.Studentscreativelyproducepowerfulgraphiccontentbymeansofset-ups,still-photos,videosandanimationswithinthephotographystudios.Employingahands-onapproach,thisworkshopisusedasastorytellingtoolforstudentstocohesivelycommunicatetheconceptsandstatementsoftheirprojectsthroughhigh-qualityandimpactfulvisualpresentations.Thisworkshophighlightstheimportanceandpowerofwell-executedpresentationstoeffectivelycommunicatetheoutcome.
Figure4.PhotoandPresentationWorkshop,Photo-ShootsessionofstudentKiaRossi,2016(photocredits:EevaSuorlahti)
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6.CaseExamplesofExperimentalSamples
Figure5.Challengingparadigmsofone’sfieldbyexposuretoanother.ExperimentalTextileSample,“Textilemechanics”,MaxCedercreutz,2016(photocredits:MaxCedercreutz)
“Textilemechanics”,developedbyengineeringstudentMaxCedercreutz,showcasesanexperimentalsampleprojectincorporatingtextilesasintegralcomponentswithinmechanicalstructures.Cedercreutzinvestigatedopposingnotionsofrigidityandflexibilityduringhisvisualresearch.Experimentingwithtextilematerialsinspiredhimtodesignaseriesofprototypesby3Dprintingontextiles,inwhichthelatterbehaveasstructuralcomponentsandhingesinmechanicalstructures.Althoughtherealmof3Dprintingisfamiliartomostengineeringstudents,thisprojectdemonstratesthepotentialsofcollaborationandexposureofstudentstomaterialsandmethodsofproductionfromotherdisciplines.
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Figure6.Interactionwithotherfieldssparklinginspirationanddiffusingknowledge.ExperimentalTextileSample,“HighTide”,MatildaTuure,2016(photocredits:MatildaTuure)
Inspiredbynotionsofviscosityandcontrol,designstudentMatildaTuureinvestigatedthevisualpotentialsofmagneticphenomenathroughexperimentswithferrofluidsandironoxide.The“HighTide”projectisanartisticexplorationofmovementandpatternsgeneratedwithvarietyofmagnetisedviscousmixturesondifferentsurfacesusingmagnetsasatool.TuuretooktheinitiativeofcommunicatingwiththeAaltoUniversity,AppliedPhysicsdepartment,acquiringinsightandmaterialsamples.Thisexampledemonstrateshowtheinteractionwithotherfieldsofstudycanstimulateinnovativeapproachesandinstigatediffusionofknowledge.
7.CaseExamplesofARTSsENGCollaborationThe“JMW-Textile”projectwasdevelopedbydesignstudentsWalterGötschandJustusKantakoskiincooperationwithengineeringstudentMasiTammela.Themaingoaloftheprojectconsistedofexploringalternativemethodsofcreatingmalleabletextileswithinflexiblematerials.Afterresearchintogeometriesandmodularcompositions,samplesweregeneratedfromnumerouslaser-cutwoodenelementsattachedindiverseconfigurations.Theprojectresultedinseriesofexperimentalprototypesthatembodythefunctionalandaestheticcharacteristicsoftextiles,whilepresentingpropertiesuncommontotraditionaltextiles.
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Figure7.Unconventionaltextilesthroughintegrationofalternativefabricationtechnologies.ARTsENGProject,“JMW-Textile”,WalterGötsch,JustusKantakoski&MasiTammela,2016(photocredits:WalterGötsch)
Figure8.Innovativeyetrealisticproductdevelopment.ARTsENGProject,“Lucidum”,CarolinaForssandHelmiLiikanen&TeresiaBorgman,2016(photocredits:TeresiaBorgman)
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“Lucidum”isane-textileprojectreflectingupontheideasoflostandfound.DesignstudentsCarolinaForssandHelmiLiikanenincollaborationwithengineeringstudentTeresiaBorgmanconductedthisprojectthroughamoreconventionalandlineardesignapproach.Thegoalwastoproposeafunctionalsolutiontotheproblemoffindingitemsindeepanddarkhandbagsandpockets.Theprojectresultedinthedesignofasystemofpocketthatlightsupwhenopened,usingthepocket’sflapasthelightswitch.Thetechnicalchallengeswereaddressedthroughexperimentingwithmaterialssuchasfibreopticsandluminescenttextilecoatings,andembeddingofelectronicandconductivecomponents.Collaborationofdifferentdisciplinescanresultininnovativeyetrealisticdesignsolutions.
8.ConclusionIntheETDmodule,studentslearnhowtomanagecreativeprocessesresultingininnovativeproductsandcombiningtextiletechniqueswithskillsfromthefieldsofart,design,scienceandengineering.Designandengineeringstudentslearntocollaborateandconductexperimentationsinmultidisciplinarygroupsandtodevelopstrongcommunicationskills.Theactivityofdesigningandthedesignedobjectastheoutcomeisavalidsourceofdataforreflection,analysis,andknowledgedevelopment(Pedgley,2007;Bye,2010).
Thepedagogicalpurposeofthemoduleistocrosstheboundariesbetweendisciplines.Theaimandchallengeofestablishingfruitfulcollaborationistoovercometheconventionalroledistributionbetweenengineersanddesignersbasedontheirknowledge,backgroundandskillsets.Itisimportanttoequallyinvolvestudentsthroughoutallphasesofthecoursesuchasconceptdevelopment,visualresearch,experimentationsandtechnicalresearch.
Bydisseminatingknowledge,multidisciplinaryplatformssuchastheETDmodulebuildlinksbetweenfieldsthatwillflourishwithintheacademicsystemandprovidefutureprofessionalswithessentialcommunicationskills.Throughredoingdesignpedagogybyopeningtheworldofengineeringtodesignstudentsandespeciallybyexposingdesignmethodologiesandthevisualresearchprocessestoengineeringstudents,wecanhelpcollaborativeteamstoredothefuture.
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ETDExhibition,SchoolofArts,DesignandArchitecture,AaltoUniversity–2016(photocredits:EevaSuorlahti)
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MaaritSalolainen,AdjunctProfessorfor3DSurfaceDesignandespeciallytextilematerials,isanexperiencedinternationaltextiledesignprofessionalwithpassionforbringingtextileknowledgetomultidisciplinaryplatforms.Inadditiontoheracademicwork,sheworksasacreativedirectorconsultinginEuropeanandIndiantextilemanufacturers.
JouniPartanen,ProfessorandheadofMechanicalEngineeringdepartment,teachesandconductsresearchinadvancedproductiontechnologies,suchasAdditiveManufacturing,modernlaserprocessing,andmicromachining.Heisanexperiencedhightechnologyindustryleader(15years)inproductdevelopment,advancedresearch,productionandproductmanagement.
OldouzMoslemian,doctoralcandidateatAaltoUniversitywithintheFashion/TextileFuturesresearchgroup,isateacherinExperimentaltextileDesigncourse.Herresearchfocusesonintegratingdigitalfabricationprocessesandcomputationalmethodswithintherealmoftextilesthroughmultidisciplinarycollaborations.
EevaSuorlahtiworksasateacherinExperimentalTextileDesigncourse.Hermainareaofinterestsisinvisualresearchandcommunicationthroughmaterialsandtechniques.SuorlahtihasgraduatedfromCentralSaintMartinsMAFashionprogramfocusingonmixedmediatextiles.
PanuKiviluomaisaSeniorUniversityLectureratAaltoUniversityDepartmentofMechanicalEngineering.Hehasbeeninstructingmechatronicsandotherinterdisciplinaryprojectcoursessincethe90’s.HewasgrantedTheAwardforAchievementsinTeaching2012bytheSchoolofEngineering.
KirsiNiinimäkiisanAssociateProfessorinDesign,especiallyFashionresearch.Herresearchfocusesonholisticunderstandingofsustainablefashionandtextilefieldsandconnectionsbetweendesign,manufacturing,businessmodelsandconsumption.ShealsorunstheFashion/TextileFuturesresearchgrouphttp://ftfutures.aalto.fi.
Acknowledgements:WewanttothanktheengineeringanddesignstudentsofExperimentalTextileDesigncourse2016forinspirationandopen-mindedattitudeandgreatwork.