SALIVASALIVA

Protective natureProtective nature

Mechanically cleansingMechanically cleansing

Defense against microbial invasionDefense against microbial invasion

COSTITUENTS OF SALIVACOSTITUENTS OF SALIVA

Inorganic FactorsInorganic Factors

Organic FactorsOrganic Factors

AgglutininsAgglutinins

INORGANIC FACTORSINORGANIC FACTORS

Ions & GasesIons & Gases BicarbonateBicarbonate Sodium,Potassium,PhosphatesSodium,Potassium,Phosphates Calcium,FluoridesCalcium,Fluorides Ammonium,Carbon dioxideAmmonium,Carbon dioxide

ORGANIC FACTORSORGANIC FACTORS

LysozymeLysozyme

LactoferrinLactoferrin

MyeloperoxidaseMyeloperoxidase

LactoperoxidaseLactoperoxidase

AGGLUTININSAGGLUTININS

GlycoproteinsGlycoproteins MucinsMucins Beeta 2 macroglobulinsBeeta 2 macroglobulins FibronectinsFibronectins AntibodiesAntibodies

FUNCTIONS OF SALIVAFUNCTIONS OF SALIVA

LubricationLubrication Physical protectionPhysical protection CleansingCleansing BufferingBuffering Tooth integrity maintenanceTooth integrity maintenance Antibacterial actionAntibacterial action

ANTIBACTERIAL FACTORSANTIBACTERIAL FACTORS

Inorganic&Organic factorsInorganic&Organic factors Lysozyme Lysozyme

(1)Hydrolytic enzyme(1)Hydrolytic enzyme

(2)Both gm+&gm-ve(2)Both gm+&gm-ve Lactoperoxidase-thiocyanate –Lactoperoxidase-thiocyanate –

BactericidalBactericidal Myeloperoxidase Myeloperoxidase

SALIVARY ANTIBODIESSALIVARY ANTIBODIES

IgG – more prevalent in GCFIgG – more prevalent in GCF IgMIgM IgA (1)preponderant,IgA (1)preponderant,

(2)many bacteria coated with IgA(2)many bacteria coated with IgA

(3)inhibit attachment of Strepto. (3)inhibit attachment of Strepto. sp.sp.

(4)impair the ability of bacteria (4)impair the ability of bacteria to attach mucosal/dental surfacesto attach mucosal/dental surfaces

ENZYMESENZYMES

Parotid amylase- majorParotid amylase- major Periodontal diseases- increase concPeriodontal diseases- increase conc

(i)hyaluronidase&lipase(i)hyaluronidase&lipase

(ii)beeta glucuronidase&chondroitin (ii)beeta glucuronidase&chondroitin

(iii)aspartate aminotransferase&ALP(iii)aspartate aminotransferase&ALP

(iv)amino acid decorboxylases(iv)amino acid decorboxylases

(v)catalase,peroxidase&collaganase(v)catalase,peroxidase&collaganase

ENGYME Contd..ENGYME Contd..

AntiproteasesAntiproteases

-Inhibit cysteine proteases -Inhibit cysteine proteases - - cathepsin cathepsin

-Antileukoprotiases--Antileukoprotiases-elastaseelastase

-TIMP-TIMP Mucinous glycoproteinMucinous glycoprotein

BUFFERS&COAGULATION BUFFERS&COAGULATION FACTORSFACTORS

Bicarbonate-carbonic acidBicarbonate-carbonic acid

Maintenance of physiologic pHMaintenance of physiologic pH

Factors VIII,IX and X,PTA;Hageman Factors VIII,IX and X,PTA;Hageman factorfactor

Fibrinolytic enzymeFibrinolytic enzyme

LEUKOCYTESLEUKOCYTES

PMNsPMNs

-varies from person to person-varies from person to person

-living form in saliva - -living form in saliva - OrogranulocytesOrogranulocytes

Orogranulocytic migratory Orogranulocytic migratory raterate

ROLE IN PERIODONTAL ROLE IN PERIODONTAL PATHOLOGYPATHOLOGY

Removal of salivary glandsRemoval of salivary glands

-dental caries-dental caries

-periodantal diseases-periodantal diseases

-delays wound healing-delays wound healing

XerostomiaXerostomia

MCQ -1MCQ -1

Which of the following Which of the following immunoglobulin is most commonly immunoglobulin is most commonly found in salivafound in saliva

(a)IgG(a)IgG

(b)IgM(b)IgM

(c)IgA(c)IgA

(d)IgE(d)IgE

MCQ-2MCQ-2

Which of the following is responsible Which of the following is responsible for the antibacterial action of saliva for the antibacterial action of saliva in oral health?in oral health?

(a)Glycoprotein(a)Glycoprotein

(b)Bicarbonate(b)Bicarbonate

(c) Minerals(c) Minerals

(d)Lysozyme(d)Lysozyme

MCQ-3MCQ-3

The various mechanisms that play an The various mechanisms that play an important role in the defense of the important role in the defense of the periodontal tissues against infections periodontal tissues against infections EXCEPTEXCEPT

(a)GCF(a)GCF

(b)Saliva(b)Saliva

(c)Epithelial barrier(c)Epithelial barrier

(d)Monoglycerides(d)Monoglycerides

MCQ-4MCQ-4

Which of the following leukocytes are Which of the following leukocytes are most commonly found in Salivamost commonly found in Saliva

(a)Lymphocytes(a)Lymphocytes

(b)Basophils(b)Basophils

(c)Eosinophils(c)Eosinophils

(d)Neutrophils(d)Neutrophils

MCQ-5MCQ-5

Salivary secretions are protective in Salivary secretions are protective in nature because theynature because they

(a)help in plaque maturation(a)help in plaque maturation

(b)initiate calculus formation(b)initiate calculus formation

(c)mechanically cleansing oral (c)mechanically cleansing oral cavitycavity

(d)contains proteases(d)contains proteases