Romeo and JulietText Guide

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AO1 Meaning: The Simplified Story

(circle and look up any words that you do not understand).

Verona is home to two feuding noble houses, the Montagues and the Capulets. In response to the constant brawling between members of these families, the Prince of Verona has issued an edict that will impose a death sentence on anyone caught duelling. Against this backdrop, young Romeo of the house of Montague has recently been infatuated with Rosaline, a niece of Capulet. Rosaline is quickly forgotten, however, when Romeo and his friends disguise themselves and slip into a masque ball at Capulet's house. During the festivities, Romeo catches his first glimpse of Juliet, Capulet's daughter. In one of Shakespeare's most memorable scenes, Romeo steals into the garden and professes his love to Juliet, who stands above on her balcony. The two young lovers, with the aid of Friar Laurence, make plans to be married in secret.

Tybalt, Juliet's cousin, later discovers that Romeo has attended the ball, and he sets out to teach the young Montague a lesson at the point of his sword. Romeo is challenged by Tybalt, but tries to avoid a duel between them since he is now married to Juliet (making Tybalt a kinsman). Mercutio, Romeo's best friend, takes up Tybalt's challenge and is killed in the ensuing fight. Enraged, Romeo slays Tybalt in turn. As a result of this bloodshed, the Prince proclaims that Romeo is to be banished from Verona for his actions. Romeo has time to consummate the marriage and bid farewell to Juliet, though he hopes to be reunited with her once the Capulets learn that they are man and wife.

The Capulets, meanwhile, press for Juliet to marry Paris, a cousin to the Prince. Juliet, relying again on Friar Laurence, devises a desperate plan to avoid her parent's wishes. She obtains a drug that will make her seem dead for forty-two hours; while she is in this state, Friar Laurence will send word to Romeo of the situation so that he can rescue her from her tomb. Unfortunately, fate will not be so kind; the letter from Friar Laurence is delayed. Romeo instead hears second-hand news that Juliet has died. Grief-stricken, Romeo purchases poison and hastens to Juliet's tomb to die at her side. Meanwhile, Friar Laurence has discovered to his horror that his letter did not arrive, and he means to take Juliet away until he can set things right.

At the tomb, Romeo encounters Paris, who mourns for Juliet. Romeo slays Paris, then enters the tomb and downs his poison. As Friar Laurence comes upon the scene, Juliet awakens only to find the lifeless body of her beloved Romeo laying beside her. Juliet takes the dagger from Romeo's belt and plunges it into her heart. Upon this scene, the Prince arrives—along with the Montague and Capulet parents—demanding to know what has happened. Friar Laurence relates to all the tragic tale of Romeo and Juliet's secret marriage and their senseless suicides. The Montagues and Capulets, when faced with the terrible price that their feud has exacted, vow to put an end to the enmity between their two houses. The play closes with the Prince reflecting upon the tragedy of the two young lovers’ deaths.

On the next page, produce a list of ten bullet-points which tell the story of Romeo and Juliet…

AO3: Context

Even though you are not assessed for context for the Shakespeare section of the exam, you need to have an understanding of what was happening at the time that the play was set. This information will support your understanding of key characters and events within the play and why characters’ behaviour is somewhat controversial in parts.GovernmentThe reigning monarch of England was Queen Elizabeth I. She governed the nation from London, even though fewer than half a million people of the total country population of six million that lived in the country. The average man had no vote and women had no rights whatsoever.

ReligionEngland was a Christian country. All children were baptized, soon after they were born. They were taught the value of the Christian faith and instructed to their duty to God. Marriages were conducted only by licensed clergy and according to the Christian rites of tradition. In Elizabethan times, people got married much earlier than they do today. It would be common practice to get married at 13 years of age. Normally, parents would choose their child's partner and this would be based on wealth, potential titles and family ties.

Drama and the TheatreAt the beginning of the Elizabethan era, plays were performed by groups of actors. These were all-male characters (boys acted the female roles) who travelled from town to town, performing in open spaces with the permission of the landowner. In 1576, the Theatre (imaginatively named) was constructed for performances to take place within. This was met with disapproval; theatres brought huge crowds together which resulted in fast spreading disease and dangerously, new ideas. The Puritans tried to close down the theatres as they were concerned that rules of behaviour were not as strict as they would prefer.

Shakespeare and TragedyShakespeare’s purpose when writing the play was to explore the validity of true love. The basic story would have already been familiar to his audience; Shakespeare’s aim was to produce an interesting variation on the theme of forbidden love.

A tragedy is a drama which traces the career and downfall of an individual. The ingredients of tragedy are:*The tragic hero should be of high, but not perfect, worth or standing.*A tragic flaw, weakness or excess of arrogant ambition (hubris) leads to downfall.

‘Romeo and Juliet’ is viewed as a tragedy because it is generally accepted that responsibility for their downfall lies outside the characters- in the workings of so-called Fate. It is the family feud rather than any moral weakness that leads to the deaths of the lovers.

Comprehension Questions (AO1)Answer in full sentences that make sense on their own.

1. What rights did women have in Elizabethan times?2. Which religion was predominant within England at the time?3. Why was the construction of the Theatre met with disapproval?4. What are the ingredients of a tragedy and how does Romeo and Juliet fit these?5. Why did Shakespeare write the play?

AO2 The Features of a Shakespearean Text

Feature Definition ExampleTragedy A drama that tracks the downfall of a

flawed hero

ProtagonistThe heroic lead within a play, text or film

Prologue The introductory section of a play or text

Foil A foil character is one that has traits that are opposite of another character

ForeshadowingA hint of an event that will take place at

a later point

SoliloquySpeaking aloud alone on stage, usually

about personal thoughts or feelings

AllusionReference to someone in a direct or

indirect way, usually a biblical or mythological reference within literature

Sonnet form A lyric poem consisting of fourteen lines in iambic pentameter, typically used to

show particularly strong emotions

Iambic pentameter

a line of verse with five metrical feet, each consisting of one short (or

unstressed) syllable followed by one long (or stressed) syllable.

Dramatic IronyWhen the audience knows more than the characters. Dramatic irony gives power to the audience. Shakespeare uses it to highlight the cruel nature of

fate.Prose Also known as free or blank verse,

written text in ordinary form

Oxymoron A type of antithesis with two contradicting terms that relate to the

same idea.

Religious imagery

Figurative language that creates religious connotations for the audience

Pun Word play for humour, using a word that has several meanings.

JuxtapositionTwo things placed together for

contrasting effect.

How to use this booklet

This is your Romeo and Juliet bible! Once we complete the unit, this will be your go-to guide for revision. As you complete each section, you will see the following icons that give you analysis of characters or themes explored within the play:

FIRST IMPRESSIONS

Juliet Romeo Lord Capulet

Lady Capulet Nurse Friar Lawrence

Mercutio Benvolio Tybalt

Use this page to add adjectives to each character as we are introduced to them to give you a developed understanding of their personality; later in this booklet, we will revisit each character and consider how their experiences reveal other aspects of their character.

CHALLENGE: What is the purpose of each character- what are we meant to learn from them?

Exam Practice AO1, AO2: What does the Prologue Reveal?

Two households, both alike in dignity,In fair Verona, where we lay our scene,

From ancient grudge break to new mutiny,Where civil blood makes civil hands unclean.From forth the fatal loins of these two foesA pair of star-cross'd lovers take their life;Whose misadventured piteous overthrows

Do with their death bury their parents' strife.The fearful passage of their death-mark'd love,

And the continuance of their parents' rage,Which, but their children's end, nought could remove,

Is now the two hours' traffic of our stage;The which if you with patient ears attend,

What here shall miss, our toil shall strive to mend.

Do with their death bury their parents' strife.

How does the writer achieve it? Identify a technique/ use of language Use a quotation

Why is it effective? Link to the actual words used What does it make you feel/do? What are the connotations? Does it have an emotional impact?

What does the prologue reveal to us about the play? Choose two micro-quotations from the text. Re-phrase the question as a statement, using your two micro-quotations in it. On the surface the simile ‘…’ means... Yet, on a deeper level we can infer… Here, Shakespeare employs the word/phrase ‘...’ to imply… Perhaps, the chorus was hinting that…

Useful vocabulary: figurative, foreshadowing, juxtaposition

Example One

The prologue reveals the events with the play to us.On the surface, the quote, ‘Do with their death bury their parents' strife’ means that the Capulets and Montagues have been fighting with each other.Yet on a deeper level, the word, ‘bury’ shows the death of their children ends the feud in a tragic state of events.Shakespeare employs the word, ‘bury’ to suggest the extreme lengths that were needed to bring the conflict to an end. Perhaps Shakespeare is hinting at the fact that the feud was both pointless and unjustified.

How good is this answer? Why?

Example Two

The prologue reveals the tragic qualities of the play to us before we watch the story unfold, foreshadowing the tragic elements of the play itself.On the surface, the quote, ‘Do with their death bury their parents’ strife’ presents the ongoing feud between the Capulets and the Montagues. Yet on a deeper level, the word, ‘strife,’ demonstrates the anguish that both the feud and the deaths of their children have cost both families on an emotional level. Shakespeare employs the word, ‘bury’ to convey both the literal meaning of Romeo and Juliet’s death but also the metaphorical meaning, the need to bring conflict between both families to an end. Perhaps Shakespeare is foreshadowing the end of the play to ensure that we understand the moral element of the plot.

Why is this answer better than Example One?

Example Three

The prologue reveals the tragic features of the play to the audience but also reveals the ongoing idea that death is necessary to change within a society wrapped in conflict like the Verona described to us within the play.On the surface, the quote, ‘Do with their death bury their parents’ strife,’ presents both the feud continued by both families but also hints at the fact the both the Montagues and Capulets have ultimately lost people of huge value as a result.On a deeper level, we can infer that ‘strife’ hints at the idea that the feud was hurtful and painful for both families involved. The word, ‘bury’ is used figuratively to show that death was a tragic but somewhat essential step to end the conflict between the Montagues and the Capulets. Perhaps Shakespeare is foreshadowing the end of the story, when The two lovers’ deaths are the pivotal point that high society within Verona realise that their grudge has been futile.

Why is this the best of all?

Act One Comprehension: Summary of Act One (AO1)

A1S1: Sampson and Gregory, servants to the Capulets and Abraham and Balthasar, servants to the Montague family start a _____________, which is joined by Benvolio (Montague) and Tybalt (Capulet). Escalus, the Prince of ______________who angrily learns of this fight, declares a death penalty for further ________ between the two families. Romeo we learn is ________; Rosaline, the object of his affections will not requite his love. His friend Benvolio tells Romeo to look at other girls to stop Romeo lingering over thoughts of her.

A1S2: Meanwhile Capulet is _____ for Paris to marry his daughter Juliet and plans a party to be held later that night. Capulet discusses Juliet with Paris, and shows concern that she is still too young but then closes the discussion by stating that he hopes Paris can win her ______.

A1S3: Lady Capulet discusses the idea of marriage to Paris with Juliet. The Lady asks the Nurse to stay whilst she discusses marriage with Juliet. Lady Capulet asks Juliet what she thinks about getting married. Juliet replies that she has not given it any thought. Lady Capulet observes that she gave _______to Juliet when she was almost Juliet’s current age. She excitedly continues that Juliet must begin to think about marriage because the “valiant Paris” has expressed an interest in her. Juliet dutifully replies that she will look upon Paris at the feast to see if she might ______him.

A1S4: Romeo explains that in a dream he learned that going to the feast was a bad idea. Mercutio responds with a long speech about ________ of the fairies, who visits people’s dreams. The speech begins as a joke, but Mercutio becomes almost _________by it, and the moment becomes tense. Romeo steps in to stop the speech and calm Mercutio down, at which point Mercutio admits that he has been talking of nothing. Romeo has a feeling that the night’s activities will set in motion the action of fate, resulting in untimely ________.

Romeo and friends decide to turn up uninvited, Romeo hoping to see _________ whom he still pines for.

A1S5: At the Capulet's party, Romeo who is disguised by a ______, becomes transfixed by Juliet and falls in love with her on sight. Capulet stops Tybalt from attacking Romeo at his party, telling him there will be other opportunities, but also that he is being __________ by attempting to start a fight in the Lord’s home. Meanwhile, Romeo has approached Juliet and touched her hand. In a dialogue laced with religious metaphors that figure Juliet as a saint and Romeo as a pilgrim who wishes to erase his _______, he tries to convince her to kiss him and Juliet agrees to remain still as Romeo kisses her.

Both Romeo and Juliet learn that they are each enemies of the other's family. A Prologue sung by a choir dramatizes the conflict both Romeo and Juliet feel between their love for one another and their ________ to their respective families.

Use the vocabulary below to fill in the gaps

Street fightVeronaFeudingLovesickKeen

BirthQueen MabDeathEntrancedRosaline

MaskDisrespectfulSinLoyaltylove

Comprehension Questions (AO1)1. Choose three adjectives to describe Romeo. Is he our typical hero? Why/why not?

2. How does Shakespeare ensure that the audience understand the severity of the feud?3. What do we learn about Juliet at this stage?4. How does Shakespeare want Capulet to appear to the audience? Why?5. What phrase shows Juliet’s shock when she finds out Romeo is a Montague?6. Where are later events of death or misfortune foreshadowed within this act?

(AO2) Act One Vocabulary – find the full quote/example in the play.

brawling(verb)

Fighting, usually in a public place so that others can pass judgment as they watch on.

Well-seeming(adjective)

Apparently beautiful.

transgression(noun)

An act that goes against a rule.

Marr’d(verb)

Spoiled, ruined, damaged.

hoodwinked(verb)

Blindfolded, to hide or deceived

fleer(noun)

Sneer to show disgust.

Saucy(adjective)

Insolent or disobedient.

Mannerly(adjective)

Polite.

forswear(verb)

To deny or reject..

Perforce(verb)

Compelled to do something.

Prodigious (adjective)

Ominous, abnormal or predicting evil.

Foe (noun)Enemy.

Salford school kids produce film aimed at tackling gang crimePolice and Crimestoppers join forces with pupils It’s gritty, dramatic, deals with gangs and domestic abuse – and the entire film is the work of teenagers in Salford.

Justin Mottershead

Published: 28 02 2017

Pupils in Salford have teamed up with Greater Manchester Police and Crimestoppers to produce a film aimed at tackling gang crime.Fearless, a new 20 minute drama tells the story of one young woman’s ordeal at the hands of her gang member

boyfriend and how an anonymous report to Crimestoppers helps her regain her life.It was written, performed, filmed and edited entirely by young people from Salford, backed by Salford City Council, Greater Manchester Police, charity Crimestoppers which allows people to pass on crime information completely anonymously and the Greater Manchester Police and Crime Commissioner.And tonight (Tuesday Feb 28) it will be given a red carpet premiere in the city which created it.Councillor David Lancaster, lead member for environment and community safety, said: “Over 150 high school pupils spent two months working with a theatre company last year exploring the impact of gangs on their local communities.“Young people said loud and clear that gangs ruin lives and communities and then created thought-provoking performances to ‘Stand up for Salford.’ It’s about showing young people that they too can stand up against criminals in their city.”Harrop Fold’s drama was chosen to be filmed for the Crimestoppers website and it has been brought to life by students from UTC@MediaCity who handled everything from choosing the actors to lighting, editing and the musical score.Inspector Dave Turner from GMP’s Project Gulf said: “The Fearless film is great for engaging young people, and projecting positive messages across to them.“We’re fully aware that there are young people who have information on crimes, whether these crimes have happened already or are planned for the future.“This film demonstrates exactly how they can report the information to the police, safely and most importantly, anonymously.“The young people of today are our future and this is why we’re investing in educating and assisting them to help make Salford a better and safer place for everyone.“Greater Manchester Police is committed to working with all of our partners to send a very clear message to anyone involved in organised and gang crime: we will find you, and you will be held accountable for your actions, however long after the crime is committed.”Gary Murray, Crimestoppers Regional Manager said: “Crimestoppers are proud to support the premier of the Fearless film, helping to remind and educate young people that they too have the option to report crime anonymously.“The film clearly demonstrates how Crimestoppers, and Fearless.org, our online resource for young people and youth workers, can help young people to seek the advice and assistance required in situations when either they or someone they know are at risk.“The option to now report crime anonymously online as well as the traditional phone call, further enables young people to help keep Salford safe.”Greater Manchester Mayor and Police and Crime Commissioner Tony Lloyd said: “This powerful film shows the devastating impact gang culture can have on our communities.

“The young people who have created it must be applauded for their creativity and the empowering message they are sending to those who feel trapped at the mercy of gangs that you can safely speak out and bring them down.“I encourage those with intelligence about any crime to pass it on. Information from the community is a vital tool in tackling organised crime and thanks to the fantastic work of Crimestoppers, victims can safely and anonymously help us to do that.”

Comprehension questions (AO1)

1. Which five organisations supported the making of Fearless?2. What do gangs ruin?3. What is Greater Manchester’s message to anyone involved in organised and gang crime?4. Which adjective is used to describe the impact of gang culture upon the community?5. Who does Tony Lloyd thank for their fantastic work?

A1 VOCABULARY QUESTIONS

Which adjective means ‘disobedient or insolent’?1. Solemn2. Saucy3. Severe4. Sullen

Which verb means to deceive someone?1. huddled2. hoodedged3. hoodwinked4. headed

Which verb means ‘publicly fight’?1. shout2. trawl3. argue4. brawl

A fleer is…1. A form of disease.2. A sound of shock.3. A look of utter disgust.4. A word or phrase used to avoid saying an

unpleasant or offensive word.

Which adjective means apparently beautiful?1. demeaning2. preening3. Well-meaning4. Well-seeming

Which noun represents rebellion?1. Love2. Simplicity 3. Transgression 4. Society

Which adjective means ?1. Agitated.2. Vindictive.3. Absurd.4. Wretched.

Marr’d is …1. To spoil or ruin something2. The situation in which the audience of a

play knows something that the characters do not.

3. A word or phrase used to avoid speaking the truth

4. Showing appreciation for something.

Write a letter to Prince Escalus as a concerned member of the public, complaining about the ongoing street brawls in Verona. You should include:

A formal letter formatFormal and sophisticated vocabulary, trying to use all the Act 1 vocabulary listThree developed reasons for your letter, set out in paragraph formA final paragraph, stating the resolution you expect as a result of your correspondence.

Exam Practice AO1, AO2: How is Romeo presented within the extract?ROMEOAlas, that love, whose view is muffled still,Should, without eyes, see pathways to his will!Where shall we dine? O me! What fray was here?Yet tell me not, for I have heard it all.Here's much to do with hate, but more with love.Why, then, O brawling love! O loving hate!O any thing, of nothing first create!O heavy lightness! serious vanity!Mis-shapen chaos of well-seeming forms!Feather of lead, bright smoke, cold fire,sick health!Still-waking sleep, that is not what it is!This love feel I, that feel no love in this.Dost thou not laugh?

BENVOLIONo, coz, I rather weep.

ROMEOGood heart, at what?

BENVOLIOAt thy good heart's oppression.

ROMEOWhy, such is love's transgression.Griefs of mine own lie heavy in my breast,Which thou wilt propagate, to have it prestWith more of thine: this love that thou hast shownDoth add more grief to too much of mine own.Love is a smoke raised with the fume of sighs;Being purged, a fire sparkling in lovers' eyes;Being vex'd a sea nourish'd with lovers' tears:What is it else? a madness most discreet,A choking gall and a preserving sweet.Farewell, my coz.

ROMEO: Here we meet our protagonist. Expecting a dashing, brave, valiant young man, what type of hero do we find instead?

WORDBANK:

Pessimistic, contradictory, impulsive, masculine,

Feather of lead, bright smoke, cold fire, sick health!

How does the writer achieve it? Identify a technique/ use of language Use a quotation

Why is it effective? Link to the actual words used What does it make you feel/do? What are the connotations? Does it have an emotional impact?

How is Romeo presented within the extract? Choose two micro-quotations from the text. Re-phrase the question as a statement, using your two micro-quotations in it. On the surface the simile ‘…’ means... Yet, on a deeper level we can infer… Here, Shakespeare employs the word/phrase ‘...’ to imply… Perhaps, this implies that Romeo is…

Useful vocabulary: figurative, oxymoronic, protagonist

A1 S5 The Shared Sonnet: Romeo and Juliet fall in love at first sightROMEO[To JULIET] If I profane with my unworthiest hand 1This holy shrine, the gentle fine is this: 2My lips, two blushing pilgrims, ready stand 3To smooth that rough touch with a tender kiss. 4JULIETGood pilgrim, you do wrong your hand too much, 5Which mannerly devotion shows in this; 6For saints have hands that pilgrims' hands do touch, 7And palm to palm is holy palmers' kiss. 8ROMEOHave not saints lips, and holy palmers too? 9JULIETAy, pilgrim, lips that they must use in prayer. 10ROMEOO, then, dear saint, let lips do what hands do; 11They pray, grant thou, lest faith turn to despair. 12JULIETSaints do not move, though grant for prayers' sake. 13ROMEOThen move not, while my prayer's effect I take. 14

Read the sonnet and look out for the words at the endof each line. Can you identify which lines rhyme?

Romeo and Juliet’s shared sonnet is punctuated with repeated words. Can you highlight or underline the words in the sonnet that arerepeated? Why might these words be significant?

Act Two Comprehension: Summary of Act Two (AO1)

When Romeo and Juliet meet they speak just fourteen lines before their first kiss. These fourteen lines make up a shared sonnet, with a rhyme scheme of ababcdcdefefgg. A sonnet is a perfect, idealized poetic form often used to write about love. Encapsulating the moment of origin of Romeo and Juliet’s love within a sonnet therefore creates a perfect match between literary content and formal style. The use of the sonnet, however, also serves a second, darker purpose. Where have we already seen the sonnet form within this play? How does this foreshadow later events relating to these characters?

JULIET: We see a secretive side to Juliet’s character here. To what extent is she innocent and naïve?

A2S1: Having left the feast, Romeo climbs a wall and leaps down into the Capulet _________ Juliet suddenly appears at a window above the spot where Romeo is standing. Romeo compares her to the morning ____, far more beautiful than the moon it banishes. He nearly speaks to her, but thinks better of it. Juliet, musing to herself, asks why Romeo must be Romeo—a Montague, and therefore an _______ to her family. Romeo responds to her plea, surprising Juliet, since she thought she was alone. The pair confesses their ______. Romeo begins to swear to her, but she stops him, concerned that everything is happening too quickly. He reassures her, and the two confess their love again. Juliet tells Romeo that she will send someone to him the next day to see if his love is _________ and if he intends to wed her; they settle on nine in the morning.

A2S2: Romeo visits Friar Lawrence and describes his new love for Juliet, his intent to _______ her, and his desire that the friar _________ to marry them that very day. Friar Lawrence is shocked at this sudden shift from Rosaline to Juliet. He comments on the _________ of young love. Romeo defends himself, noting that Juliet returns his love while Rosaline did not. Remaining _________at Romeo’s sudden change of heart, Friar Lawrence nonetheless _______ to marry the couple. He expresses the hope that the marriage of Romeo and Juliet might end the _______ ravaging the Montagues and Capulets.

A2S3: Mercutio and Benvolio discuss the fact that Tybalt has sent Romeo a challenge to a ______. Romeo arrives, followed shortly by the Nurse, and when they are alone Romeo tells her of the ________ plans: the ceremony will be performed that afternoon, and so Juliet will need to leave home secretly and meet him at the Friar’s cell.

A2S4: Juliet anxiously presses the Nurse for news. The Nurse claims to be too tired, sore, and out of breath to tell Juliet what has happened. Juliet grows ________, and eventually the Nurse gives in and tells her that Romeo is waiting at Friar Lawrence’s cell to marry her.

A2S5: As they wait for Juliet to arrive at the cell, Friar Lawrence counsels Romeo to love moderately and not with too much ___________, saying, “these violent delights have violent ends” (2.5.9). Juliet enters and the lovers exit with Friar Lawrence to be wed.

Use the vocabulary below to fill in the gaps

OrchardHonourableMarryFeudsceptical

DuelFranticIntensityFicklenessagrees

SunEnemyWeddingLoveconsent

Comprehension Questions:1. Choose three adjectives to describe Friar Lawrence. Is he what we expect?2. How does Shakespeare ensure that the audience understand the extremity of time in this act?3. What do we learn about Romeo at this stage?4. How does Shakespeare want the Nurse to appear to the audience? Why?5. What phrase shows Romeo’s love at first sight?6. What reasons could Shakespeare have had to choose not to include a scene showing the wedding

of Romeo and Juliet?

(AO2) Act Two Vocabulary – find the full quote/example in the play.

wherefore(adverb)

why

Discourses(verb)

Speak eloquently

spheres(verb)

to orbit

Contract(noun)

agreement

bent(noun)

Intention or promise

sallow(adjective)

Sickly or pale .

Wanton(adjective)

Uncontrolled or playful

Tardy(noun)

late

Conceit(noun)

Imagination

Unbruised(adjective)

Unharmed, either physically or mentally

Perjuries (noun)

Broken vows

Frank(adjective)

To speak honestly or generously

Ariana Grande is more than an 'admirable young woman', Piers Morgan - she's a musician of steel

KATE SOLOMON

5 JUNE 2017 • 12:22PM

It was one in the eye for terrorism in Manchester last night as Ariana Grande and friends put on a peerless celebration of love, life and pop music. Concertgoers were visibly tired and emotional from the harrowing events at Manchester Arena not two weeks before, but the smiles emanating from the

crowd seemed to indicate that, for many, this mega, star-studded singalong was exactly what they needed. In the face of hate and fear, Manchester came out with an emphatic, “Nope”.   

Delivering that message were Ariana Grande and gangs of her female fans, who clutched each other and cried as their idol led a cavalcade of stars through a cathartic and empowering set.

The 23-year-old held it together like nothing I have ever seen; every crack of her voice was tempered by an effortless vocal run, every watery-eyed wobble brought back under control by a look, a smile, a wave into the crowd.

How she didn’t just dissolve into a puddle while clutching the quivering hand of the world’s tiniest soloist during Parrs Wood High School choir’s rendition of My Everything, I will never know. It was an awe-inspiring display of strength.

Over the past weeks the language used to describe Ariana Grande has been frustrating for fans to hear. Media descriptions have focused on her status as a former TV star, her popularity among young fans (“teenybopper princess”) - even the word “popstar” has seemed deployed as a demeaning epithet in the commentary of rockist critics who think real music died with Ian Curtis.

We’ve heard over and over that her reactions and compassion are surprising because she’s only 23, as though being young precludes you from being kind or caring about anyone other than yourself.

Of course the internet’s highest-paid troll Piers Morgan had some opinions to share.

“If the Queen can visit the victims in hospital, so can the star they paid to see," he tweeted furiously, days after the Manchester bombing when Grande, clearly traumatised, had returned to her home in Florida to be with family.

"I expected her to stay, visit & comfort her wounded fans & relatives of those who died,” he added. She did, of course, visit victims last week but Morgan, who thinks he is doing the Lord’s work by calling out the transgressions of famous women when they fail to conform to what he has deemed correct behaviour, could not concede that she was alright really until the One Love concert proved her strength and compassion beyond all doubt.  

It wasn’t enough for her to put the concert on, to raise $9 million, to comfort and heal with thousands of fans: it had to be all that and flawless too.

Even then his apology was hampered by more of that pesky language.  He tweeted:

I misjudged you, @ArianaGrande & I apologise. You're an admirable young woman & this is a magnificent night. Respect.👍#OneLoveManchester pic.twitter.com/r4v6NQMr97

— Piers Morgan (@piersmorgan) June 4, 2017

‘Young woman’ is something men say to women of all ages to remind them of their place in the grand social hierarchy, the implication being that you’ve managed to do something good despite the handicaps of being both young and a woman - so it’s really a good job that Morgan is less than a blip on Ariana’s radar.

Female popstars - or, let’s face it, all women - have to work twice as hard to be taken seriously by the media. Pop music is seen as frivolous, synthetic, disposable and goes against what the old, white and overwhelmingly male media deems Important Art (aka Music With Guitars Involved). Artists are “princesses”, “living dolls” or “reality TV stars” who somehow got lucky singing their little songs to their teenybopper fans and should therefore stay in their lanes.

In 2015, Little Mix were made fun of for talking politics to their fans. More recently, Katy Perry has come in for ridicule for her single Chained To The Rhythm’s social conscience because women having more than one dimension still comes as a surprise to some people.

Relatively young and slight of build, Ariana Grande was dismissed by Morgan and swathes of the media for years, then vastly underestimated. She’s a sparkling presence on Twitter where she insists on keeping control of her own accounts - and you only have to listen to the music she puts out to understand that she’s a clever and forthright woman (with an amazing ear for a banger). She didn’t need to prove anything to anyone last night but she gave us everything she had.

She pulled the entire One Love concert together for a city full of hurt, while dealing with what must be overwhelming sadness and (misplaced) guilt - and she did it all while looking and sounding incredible. What a woman.

Comprehension questions (AO1)

1.What did Manchester figuratively reply, ‘nope’ to?

2.Which words have the media used to describe Ariana Grande that the writer finds demeaning?

3.Describe two examples that the writer gives for female role models being patronised in the media.

4.What does the writer think of Grande based upon the line, ‘she gave us everything she had’?

5. What do you think makes a positive role model for young people?

A2 VOCABULARY QUESTIONS

Which adjective means unharmed?1. Unjointed 2. unbruised3. unhit 4. undamaged

Wanton is…1. wanting something2. unwanted3. uncontrolled 4. listening

Sallow is…1. A form of disease.2. A bad mood3. The opposite of shallow4. Looking sickly or pale

Which adjective means honest?1. deceitful2. conceit3. frank4. Well-seeming

Which noun represents late?1. Tardy2. Timely3. Ill timed4. Bad timed

Wherefore means…1. Why?2. Where?3. What?4. When?

Write a review that evaluates Friar Lawrence as a role model. Your review should include:

• A short, catchy title• Writing in first person, use of humorous, somewhat informal language• Introduction: this gives an overview of your opinion• Paragraph 2: a description of how Friar Lawrence is a good or poor role model• Paragraph 3: a counter argument to paragraph 2• Finally: a summary of your opinion.

A2S2 Romeo’s soliloquy: Daring to approach Juliet

ROMEOHe jests at scars that never felt a wound.

JULIET appears above at a window

But, soft! what light through yonder window breaks?It is the east, and Juliet is the sun.Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon,Who is already sick and pale with grief,That thou her maid art far more fair than she:Be not her maid, since she is envious;Her vestal livery is but sick and greenAnd none but fools do wear it; cast it off.It is my lady, O, it is my love!O, that she knew she were!She speaks yet she says nothing: what of that?Her eye discourses; I will answer it.I am too bold, 'tis not to me she speaks:Two of the fairest stars in all the heaven,Having some business, do entreat her eyesTo twinkle in their spheres till they return.What if her eyes were there, they in her head?The brightness of her cheek would shame those stars,As daylight doth a lamp; her eyes in heavenWould through the airy region stream so brightThat birds would sing and think it were not night.See, how she leans her cheek upon her hand!O, that I were a glove upon that hand,That I might touch that cheek!

JULIETAy me!

ROMEOShe speaks:O, speak again, bright angel! for thou artAs glorious to this night, being o'er my headAs is a winged messenger of heavenUnto the white-upturned wondering eyesOf mortals that fall back to gaze on himWhen he bestrides the lazy-pacing cloudsAnd sails upon the bosom of the air.

O, speak again, bright angel!

How does the writer achieve it? Identify a technique/ use of language Use a quotation

Why is it effective? Link to the actual words used What does it make you feel/do? What are the connotations? Does it have an emotional impact?

How is Romeo’s love for Juliet presented within the soliloquy?

Choose two micro-quotations from the text. Re-phrase the question as a statement, using your two micro-quotations in it. Literally, the simile ‘…’ means... Yet, figuratively, we can consider… Here, Shakespeare employs the word/phrase ‘...’ to imply… Perhaps, this indicates that Romeo’s love is…

Useful vocabulary: soliloquy, religious imagery, light, darkness

Act 2 Scene 3: The Friar offers words of wisdom

ROMEOThat last is true; the sweeter rest was mine.

FRIAR LAURENCEGod pardon sin! wast thou with Rosaline?

ROMEOWith Rosaline, my ghostly father? no;I have forgot that name, and that name's woe.

FRIAR LAURENCEThat's my good son: but where hast thou been, then?

ROMEOI'll tell thee, ere thou ask it me again.I have been feasting with mine enemy,Where on a sudden one hath wounded me,That's by me wounded: both our remediesWithin thy help and holy physic lies:I bear no hatred, blessed man, for, lo,My intercession likewise steads my foe.

FRIAR LAURENCEBe plain, good son, and homely in thy drift;Riddling confession finds but riddling shrift.

ROMEOThen plainly know my heart's dear love is setOn the fair daughter of rich Capulet:As mine on hers, so hers is set on mine;And all combined, save what thou must combineBy holy marriage: when and where and howWe met, we woo'd and made exchange of vow,I'll tell thee as we pass; but this I pray,That thou consent to marry us to-day.

How does the Friar act as a father figure to Romeo here? All Friar Lawrence’s speeches in this scene are written in rhyming couplets. Does this make Friar clever but superficial? Does he seem old, wise and dignified? Notice that Romeo mirrors the rhyme to complete the couplets. Why might Shakespeare have

chosen to do so?

Useful vocabulary: soliloquy, religious imagery, light, darkness

Act 2 Scene 6: What is the role of Friar Lawrence within the play?FRIAR LAURENCEThese violent delights have violent endsAnd in their triumph die, like fire and powder,Which as they kiss consume: the sweetest honeyIs loathsome in his own deliciousnessAnd in the taste confounds the appetite:Therefore love moderately; long love doth so;Too swift arrives as tardy as too slow.

Enter JULIET

Here comes the lady: O, so light a footWill ne'er wear out the everlasting flint:A lover may bestride the gossamerThat idles in the wanton summer air,And yet not fall; so light is vanity.JULIETGood even to my ghostly confessor.FRIAR LAURENCERomeo shall thank thee, daughter, for us both.JULIETAs much to him, else is his thanks too much.ROMEOAh, Juliet, if the measure of thy joyBe heap'd like mine and that thy skill be moreTo blazon it, then sweeten with thy breathThis neighbour air, and let rich music's tongueUnfold the imagined happiness that bothReceive in either by this dear encounter.JULIETConceit, more rich in matter than in words,Brags of his substance, not of ornament:They are but beggars that can count their worth;But my true love is grown to such excessI cannot sum up sum of half my wealth.FRIAR LAURENCECome, come with me, and we will make short work;For, by your leaves, you shall not stay aloneTill holy church incorporate two in one.

Exeunt

Act Three Comprehension: Summary of Act Three (AO1)A3S1: Tybalt approaches Benvolio and Mercutio and asks to speak with one of them. Annoyed, Mercutio begins to taunt and ________him. Romeo enters. Tybalt calls Romeo a villain and commands him to draw his sword. Romeo protests that he does not wish to fight him; Mercutio angrily draws his sword and states that if Romeo will not fight Tybalt, he will. Mercutio and Tybalt begin to fight. Tybalt stabs Mercutio and Mercutio dies, _________ both the Montagues and the Capulets. When Tybalt, still angry, storms back

onto the scene, Romeo kills Tybalt, before running in panic. The Prince enters, and chooses to _________ Romeo from Verona. He declares that should Romeo be found within the city, he will be killed.

A3S2: Juliet longs for night to fall so that Romeo will come to her. Suddenly the Nurse rushes in with news of the fight between Romeo and Tybalt. But the Nurse is so distraught, she _________ over the words, making it sound as if Romeo is dead. The Nurse then begins to moan about Tybalt’s death, and Juliet briefly fears that both Romeo and Tybalt are dead. When Juliet understands that Romeo has killed Tybalt and been sentenced to exile, she curses __________. Juliet claims that Romeo’s banishment is worse than ten thousand slain Tybalts. The Nurse assures her that she knows where Romeo is hiding, and will see to it that Romeo comes to her for their __________ night.

A3S3: In Friar Lawrence’s cell, Friar Lawrence tells Romeo that the Prince has only banished him. Romeo claims that banishment is a __________ far worse than death, and falls to the floor. The Nurse arrives, and Romeo desperately asks her for news of Juliet. Friar Lawrence stops him and scolds him for being ___________. The friar sets forth a plan: Romeo will visit Juliet that night, but make sure to leave her chamber, and Verona, before the morning. He will then reside in Mantua until news of their marriage can be spread. The Nurse hands Romeo the ring from Juliet, and this physical __________of their love revives his spirits.

A3S4: Capulet, Lady Capulet, and Paris walk together. Paris is about to leave when Capulet calls him back and says he thinks his daughter will listen to him, then corrects himself and states that he is sure Juliet will ___________ by his decision. He promises Paris that the wedding will be held on Wednesday, then stops suddenly and asks what day it is. Paris responds that it is Monday; Capulet decides that Wednesday is too soon, and that the wedding should instead be held on ___________.

A3S5: before dawn, Romeo prepares to lower himself from Juliet’s window to begin his exile. The Nurse enters to warn Juliet that Lady Capulet is approaching. Standing in the orchard below her window, Romeo promises Juliet that they will see one another again, but Juliet responds that he appears pale, as one dead in the bottom of a ___________. Romeo answers that, to him, she appears the same way, and that it is only sorrow that makes them both look pale.

Lady Capulet enters the room and mistakes Juliet’s tears as continued grief for Tybalt. When Lady Capulet tells Juliet about Capulet’s plan for her to marry Paris on Thursday, she ________ the match, Capulet enters the chamber. When he learns of Juliet’s determination to defy him he __________ to disown Juliet if she refuses to obey him. When Juliet entreats her mother to intercede, her mother denies her help.The Nurse advises her to go through with the marriage to Paris—he is a better match, she says, and Romeo is as good as dead anyhow. Juliet pretends to agree, and tells her nurse that she is going to make confession at Friar Lawrence’s. If the friar is unable to help her, Juliet comments to herself, she still has the ___________ to take her own life.Use the vocabulary below to fill in the gaps

RejectsThursdayProvokeStumblesnature

PowerAbideTombThreatensunmanly

CurseExileWeddingPenaltysymbol

Comprehension Questions (AO1)1. Choose three key events from this act that speed up the intensity of the tragedy.2. How is honour and reputation important within this act?3. How does the Nurse lose Juliet’s trust?4. Why does Friar Lawrence scold Romeo?5. What possible problems does the Friar’s plan present?6. What one thing does Juliet still feel is within her control (what is not)?

(AO2) Act Three Vocabulary – find the full quote/example in the play.

Consort (verb)

Associate with someone, to the disapproval of

others

Slander(noun)

Make false and damaging statements

about someone

Forebear(noun)

ancestor

Dishonourable Determine Villain

(adjective)bringing shame upon

someone

(verb)cause (something) to

occur in a particular way

(noun)A character with evil actions or

motives

Banished(noun)

send (someone) away from a country or place as

an official punishment.

Mangle(verb)

destroy or severely damage by tearing or

crushing

Chide(verb)

To scold

Unseemly(adjective)

Describes behaviour that is not appropriate

Wreak (verb)

Cause a large amount of damage or harm

Mammet(noun)

A doll or puppet

This is no way to be a manBarely a week goes by without another young Briton being brutally killed in a knife attack. Acclaimed actor and writer Lennie James, who will star in Fallout, the TV version of Roy Williams's play about teenage violence, has watched in horror as the death toll mounts. Here, in an open letter to the knife carriers, he draws on his own difficult upbringing

to make an impassioned plea to the lost generation of young boys who visit random savagery on their victims

Lennie JamesSunday 8 June 2008 00.01 BSTFirst published on Sunday 8 June 2008 00.01 BSTTo whom it may concern,

My name is Lennie James. I am a 42-year-old father of three. I grew up in south-west London. I was brought up by a single mother. I was orphaned at 10, lived in a kids' home until I was 15 and was then fostered. I tell you this not to claim any special knowledge of how you've grown, but to explain how I have, and from where I draw my understanding.

I want to talk to you about the knife you're carrying in your belt or pocket or shoe. The one you got from your mum's kitchen or ordered online or robbed out of the camping shop. The knife you tell yourself you carry for protection, because you never know who else has got one.

I want to talk to you about what that knife will do for you. If you carry it, the chances are you will be called on to use it. It is a deadly weapon, so if you use it the chances are you will kill with it. So after you've killed with it, after you've seen how little force it takes for sharpened steel to puncture flesh. After your mates have run away from the boy you've left bleeding. When you're looking for somewhere to dash the blade, and lighter fluid to burn your clothes. When your blood is burning in your veins and your heart is beating out of your chest to where you want to puke or cry, but can't coz you're toughing it out for your boyz. When you are bang smack in the middle of 'Did you see that!' and 'Oh, Jesus Christ!' here's who to blame...

Blame the boy you just left for dead. Blame him for not believing you when you told him you were a bigger man than him. Blame him for not backing down when you made your chest broad, bounced into him and told him about your knife and how you would use it. Blame him for calling you on and making you prove yourself. Tell yourself if he had just freed up his phone or not cut his eyes at you like he did, he wouldn't be choking on his blood and crying for his mum.

Then blame your mum. When the police are banging down her door looking for you, or she hears the whispers behind the 'wall of silence', tell her it's all her fault for being worthless. Cuss her out for having kids when she was nothing but a kid herself, or for picking some drug or some man over you again and again. Even if she only had you and devoted herself to you, even if she is a great mum, blame her anyway. Blame her for not being around more to make sure you took the chances she was out working her fingers to the bone to give you.

When you're done with her, blame the man she picked to make you with. Blame him for being less than half the man he should have been. When he comes to bail you out and starts running you down for the terrible thing you've done, tell him straight: 'I did what I did coz you didn't do what you should have done.' Even if he did right; respected your mother, worked to provide for his family financially and spiritually, taught you right from wrong and drummed it home everyday... Even if he nurtured you as best he could, blame him for the generation of men he comes from.

The one that allowed an adolescent definition of manhood to become so dominant. The one that measures a man by how many babymothers he has wrangling his offspring, or by how 'bad' his reputation is on the streets of whatever couple of square miles he chooses to call his 'ends'.

Damn them for letting you believe that respect is to be found with gun in hand or knife in pocket. Damn them and everyone who feeds the myth of these gangsters, villains, thieves and hustlers. Anyone who makes them heroes while damning hard-working, educated, honest men as weak or sell-outs.

If you are black, blame white people for the history of indignities they heaped on you and yours. For the humiliation of having to go cap-in-hand or get down on bended knee or having to burn shit down before you are afforded something so basically fundamental as equality. If you are white, blame black folk and Muslims for taking all your excuses. Failing that, blame a class system that keeps you poor and ignorant so the 'uppers' and 'middles' can feel better about themselves.

You have good reason to blame them all. I wouldn't be you growing up now for love nor money. Your generation has so little room to manoeuvre. We had more space to step around the bull.

The police stopped and searched us, but we fought that right out of their hands - we hoped into extinction. But they want to bring back that abusive practice. They are still hooked on punishment rather than prevention. They seem ignorant to the fact that they are feeding you acceptance of an already prevalent gang mentality. As far as you can see, the police are not protecting and serving you, they are coming at you like just another street gang trying to boss your postcode.

When I was where you are now, generations of state agencies, social services, policy-makers and politicians had not abdicated all responsibility for me. We weren't left to our own devices like you have been. Is it any wonder that you end up expressing yourself in such a violently pathetic way?

We should be ashamed. I am. You have shamed us into a desperate need to do something about ourselves. We have collectively failed you and we should take all the blame that is ours for that... but so should you.

I blame you. I blame you because as a generation you are selfish, self-centred and have little or no empathy for anyone but yourselves. You are politically stunted and socially irresponsible and... you scare us. What scares us most is that you would rather die than learn. Your only salvation may be that still most of you aren't playing it out dirty. The vast majority of young men, even with all that is stacked against them, are finding their way around the crap. The boy you will kill, should you continue to carry that knife, almost certainly had the same collective failures testing him. He probably felt no less abandoned and no less scared. He also, almost certainly, wasn't carrying a knife.

Whatever it seems like, whatever you've read, whatever you tell yourself about protection being your reason, statistics show the life you take will be that of an unarmed person. That is what that knife will do for you. It will make you escalate a situation to where it is needed. It will give you a misguided sense of confidence. It will make you the aggressor. That knife will make you use it. It will bring you nothing worth having. There is no respect there. The street may give you some passing recognition, but any name you think you might make will soon be forgotten.

Your victim will be remembered long after you. Name me one of the boys who killed Stephen Lawrence. Once you've bloodied that knife you may as well be dead because you'll be buried for 10 to 20 years. Banged up for that long, only a fool would look back and think it was worth it. You'll be nothing more than a sad, unwanted, unnecessary statistic.

If you were mine, this is what I would tell you. I would make myself a big enough man to beg. I'd get down on bended knees if I had to. I would beg you to take that knife out of your pocket and leave it at home. I would tell you that I know you are scared and lost and that I know the risks involved in what I'm asking you to do. I know that what we could step around, you have to walk through, and that there is always some fool who isn't going to make it any other way but the wrong way. I'm just begging you not to be that fool.

Be a better man than that. Let the story they tell of you be that you exceeded expectations... that you didn't drown. Don't spend your days looking to be a 'bad-man' - try to be a good one. Our biggest failure is that our actions have left you not knowing how precious you are. We have left you unaware of your worth to us. You are precious to us. Give yourself the chance to grow enough to understand why.

Be safe.Lennie James

Analytical and Evaluation Questions (AO2, AO4)1.From first reading, what is the writer’s overall opinion of knife crime?2.How does the writer’s use of personal pronoun make the letter more accessible to the reader?3.To what extent would you describe the tone of the letter as anecdotal and why?3.What is the effect of the repeated use of the verb, ‘blame’ in the fourth and fifth paragraph?4.How does this contrast with the fourteenth paragraph? How does this structure make the purpose of the text more effective?5. A review of the letter stated that, ‘James's letter was understanding rather than accusing.’ To what extent do you agree with this statement?

A3 VOCABULARY QUESTIONS

Which adjective means ‘bringing shame upon someone?

5. Disobedient6. Dishonest7. Dishonourable 8. Dystopian

Which verb means to cause a large amount of harm?

5. reeked6. wreaked7. reaked8. wrenched

Which verb means ‘destroy or damage by crushing or tearing’?

5. mangle6. mesh7. murkle8. mingle

Which verb means to scold?5. chide6. cherish7. chile8. child

Which noun represents false or damaging statements?

5. Slither6. Slander 7. Scandal8. Society

Which adjective means inappropriate behaviour?

5. Unseemly6. Unnasty7. Undertint8. Ungrateful

Write a report on the growing need for peace in Verona. Your article should include:

• Heading and subheadings• Formal and sophisticated language• Paragraph structure, outlining the different issues currently obstructing peace and possible

resolutions • An objective tone• Try to include as many of the vocabulary words as possible within quotations from a survey

carried out within the city

A3S3: The Brawl for Honour

TYBALTMercutio, thou consort'st with Romeo,--

MERCUTIOConsort! what, dost thou make us minstrels? anthou make minstrels of us, look to hear nothing butdiscords: here's my fiddlestick; here's that shallmake you dance. 'Zounds, consort!

BENVOLIOWe talk here in the public haunt of men:Either withdraw unto some private place,And reason coldly of your grievances,Or else depart; here all eyes gaze on us.

MERCUTIOMen's eyes were made to look, and let them gaze;I will not budge for no man's pleasure, I.

Enter ROMEO

TYBALTWell, peace be with you, sir: here comes my man.

MERCUTIOBut I'll be hanged, sir, if he wear your livery:Marry, go before to field, he'll be your follower;Your worship in that sense may call him 'man.'

TYBALTRomeo, the hate I bear thee can afford

No better term than this,--thou art a villain.

ROMEOTybalt, the reason that I have to love theeDoth much excuse the appertaining rageTo such a greeting: villain am I none;Therefore farewell; I see thou know'st me not.

TYBALTBoy, this shall not excuse the injuriesThat thou hast done me; therefore turn and draw.

ROMEOI do protest, I never injured thee,But love thee better than thou canst devise,Till thou shalt know the reason of my love:And so, good Capulet,--which name I tenderAs dearly as my own,--be satisfied.

MERCUTIOO calm, dishonourable, vile submission!Alla stoccata carries it away.

Draws

Tybalt, you rat-catcher, will you walk?

TYBALTWhat wouldst thou have with me?

MERCUTIOGood king of cats, nothing but one of your ninelives; that I mean to make bold withal, and as youshall use me hereafter, drybeat the rest of theeight. Will you pluck your sword out of his pitcherby the ears? make haste, lest mine be about yourears ere it be out.

TYBALTI am for you.

Drawing

ROMEOGentle Mercutio, put thy rapier up.

MERCUTIOCome, sir, your passado.

They fight

ROMEODraw, Benvolio; beat down their weapons.Gentlemen, for shame, forbear this outrage!Tybalt, Mercutio, the prince expressly hathForbidden bandying in Verona streets:Hold, Tybalt! good Mercutio!

TYBALT under ROMEO's arm stabs MERCUTIO, and flies with his followers

MERCUTIOI am hurt.A plague o' both your houses! I am sped.Is he gone, and hath nothing?

BENVOLIOWhat, art thou hurt?

MERCUTIOAy, ay, a scratch, a scratch; marry, 'tis enough.Where is my page? Go, villain, fetch a surgeon.

Exit Page

ROMEOCourage, man; the hurt cannot be much.

MERCUTIONo, 'tis not so deep as a well, nor so wide as achurch-door; but 'tis enough,'twill serve: ask forme to-morrow, and you shall find me a grave man. Iam peppered, I warrant, for this world. A plague o'both your houses! 'Zounds, a dog, a rat, a mouse, acat, to scratch a man to death! a braggart, arogue, a villain, that fights by the book ofarithmetic! Why the devil came you between us? Iwas hurt under your arm.

ROMEOI thought all for the best.

Choose your micro quotations here

How does the writer achieve it? Identify a technique/ use of language Use a quotation

Why is it effective? Link to the actual words used What does it make you feel/do? What are the connotations? Does it have an emotional impact?

How is honour and reputation presented within the extract? Choose two micro-quotations from the text. Re-phrase the question as a statement, using your two micro-quotations in it. Literally, the simile ‘…’ means... Yet, figuratively, we can consider… Here, Shakespeare employs the word/phrase ‘...’ to imply… Perhaps, this indicates that honour is…

Useful vocabulary: honour, reputation, gentleman, courage, peace, conflict

A3S2 Juliet’s maturity to a woman

JULIETGallop apace, you fiery-footed steeds,Towards Phoebus' lodging: such a wagonerAs Phaethon would whip you to the west,And bring in cloudy night immediately.Spread thy close curtain, love-performing night,That runaway's eyes may wink and RomeoLeap to these arms, untalk'd of and unseen.Lovers can see to do their amorous ritesBy their own beauties; or, if love be blind,It best agrees with night. Come, civil night,Thou sober-suited matron, all in black,And learn me how to lose a winning match,Play'd for a pair of stainless maidenhoods:Hood my unmann'd blood, bating in my cheeks,With thy black mantle; till strange love, grown bold,Think true love acted simple modesty.Come, night; come, Romeo; come, thou day in night;For thou wilt lie upon the wings of nightWhiter than new snow on a raven's back.

JULIETShall I speak ill of him that is my husband?Ah, poor my lord, what tongue shall smooth thy name,When I, thy three-hours wife, have mangled it?But, wherefore, villain, didst thou kill my cousin?That villain cousin would have kill'd my husband:Back, foolish tears, back to your native spring;Your tributary drops belong to woe,Which you, mistaking, offer up to joy.My husband lives, that Tybalt would have slain;And Tybalt's dead, that would have slain my husband:All this is comfort; wherefore weep I then?Some word there was, worser than Tybalt's death,That murder'd me: I would forget it fain;But, O, it presses to my memory,Like damned guilty deeds to sinners' minds:

MERCUTIO: Lively, always talking, he even jests in death. How does Mercutio’s independent mind and passionate temperament contrast to Romeo?

WORDBANK:

Vivacious, jesting, shrewd, observant, proud

Come, gentle night, come, loving, black-brow'd night,Give me my Romeo; and, when he shall die,Take him and cut him out in little stars,And he will make the face of heaven so fineThat all the world will be in love with nightAnd pay no worship to the garish sun.O, I have bought the mansion of a love,But not possess'd it, and, though I am sold,Not yet enjoy'd: so tedious is this dayAs is the night before some festivalTo an impatient child that hath new robesAnd may not wear them. O, here comes my nurse,And she brings news; and every tongue that speaksBut Romeo's name speaks heavenly eloquence.

'Tybalt is dead, and Romeo--banished;'That 'banished,' that one word 'banished,'Hath slain ten thousand Tybalts. Tybalt's deathWas woe enough, if it had ended there:Or, if sour woe delights in fellowshipAnd needly will be rank'd with other griefs,Why follow'd not, when she said 'Tybalt's dead,'Thy father, or thy mother, nay, or both,Which modern lamentations might have moved?But with a rear-ward following Tybalt's death,'Romeo is banished,' to speak that word,Is father, mother, Tybalt, Romeo, Juliet,All slain, all dead. 'Romeo is banished!'There is no end, no limit, measure, bound,In that word's death; no words can that woe sound.Where is my father, and my mother, nurse?

How do the two speeches contrast to portray Juliet’s character? HELP 1: Notice the use of imagery within the first speech. Why does Shakespeare choose to use an

extended metaphor of night and darkness to depict Juliet’s mood here? How does this make use of dramatic irony for the audience? HELP 2: Notice the structural techniques in use here. What is the impact of Juliet’s repeated use of

‘husband’ and increasing use of rhetorical questions suggest here?

Useful vocabulary: indecision, naivety, idealistic, maturity, impatience, innocence, childlike, decisive

A3S2 Romeo’s despair at Banishment

ROMEO'Tis torture, and not mercy: heaven is here,Where Juliet lives; and every cat and dogAnd little mouse, every unworthy thing,Live here in heaven and may look on her;But Romeo may not: more validity,More honourable state, more courtship livesIn carrion-flies than Romeo: they my seizeOn the white wonder of dear Juliet's handAnd steal immortal blessing from her lips,Who even in pure and vestal modesty,Still blush, as thinking their own kisses sin;But Romeo may not; he is banished:Flies may do this, but I from this must fly:They are free men, but I am banished.And say'st thou yet that exile is not death?Hadst thou no poison mix'd, no sharp-ground knife,No sudden mean of death, though ne'er so mean,But 'banished' to kill me?--'banished'?O friar, the damned use that word in hell;Howlings attend it: how hast thou the heart,Being a divine, a ghostly confessor,A sin-absolver, and my friend profess'd,To mangle me with that word 'banished'?

FRIAR LAURENCE

Hold thy desperate hand:Art thou a man? thy form cries out thou art:Thy tears are womanish; thy wild acts denoteThe unreasonable fury of a beast:Unseemly woman in a seeming man!Or ill-beseeming beast in seeming both!Thou hast amazed me: by my holy order,I thought thy disposition better temper'd.Hast thou slain Tybalt? wilt thou slay thyself?And stay thy lady too that lives in thee,By doing damned hate upon thyself?Why rail'st thou on thy birth, the heaven, and earth?Since birth, and heaven, and earth, all three do meetIn thee at once; which thou at once wouldst lose.Fie, fie, thou shamest thy shape, thy love, thy wit;Which, like a usurer, abound'st in all,And usest none in that true use indeedWhich should bedeck thy shape, thy love, thy wit:Thy noble shape is but a form of wax,Digressing from the valour of a man;Thy dear love sworn but hollow perjury,Killing that love which thou hast vow'd to cherish;Thy wit, that ornament to shape and love,Misshapen in the conduct of them both,Like powder in a skitless soldier's flask,Is set afire by thine own ignorance,And thou dismember'd with thine own defence.What, rouse thee, man! thy Juliet is alive,For whose dear sake thou wast but lately dead;There art thou happy: Tybalt would kill thee,But thou slew'st Tybalt; there are thou happy too:The law that threaten'd death becomes thy friendAnd turns it to exile; there art thou happy:A pack of blessings lights up upon thy back;Happiness courts thee in her best array;But, like a misbehaved and sullen wench,Thou pout'st upon thy fortune and thy love:Take heed, take heed, for such die miserable.

How does Friar Lawrence act as a role model to Romeo? HELP 1: Notice Romeo’s dramatic reaction to banishment. What does he say would be preferable? How does the use of religious imagery help us to understand Romeo’s mood? HELP 2: Does Friar Lawrence demonstrate sympathy for Romeo? How does he describe Romeo’s

behaviour? Why do you think he takes that approach? To what extent has the Friar encouraged this reaction up to this point?

Useful vocabulary: imagery, despair, hysteria, heroic, torment, calm, philosophical, wisdom, gratitude

A3S5 Disobedient or Desperate for Indepedence?

LADY CAPULETMarry, my child, early next Thursday morn,The gallant, young and noble gentleman,The County Paris, at Saint Peter's Church,Shall happily make thee there a joyful bride.

JULIETNow, by Saint Peter's Church and Peter too,He shall not make me there a joyful bride.I wonder at this haste; that I must wedEre he, that should be husband, comes to woo.I pray you, tell my lord and father, madam,I will not marry yet; and, when I do, I swear,It shall be Romeo, whom you know I hate,Rather than Paris. These are news indeed!

LADY CAPULETHere comes your father; tell him so yourself,And see how he will take it at your hands.

Enter CAPULET and Nurse

CAPULETWhen the sun sets, the air doth drizzle dew;But for the sunset of my brother's sonIt rains downright.How now! a conduit, girl? what, still in tears?

Evermore showering? In one little bodyThou counterfeit'st a bark, a sea, a wind;For still thy eyes, which I may call the sea,Do ebb and flow with tears; the bark thy body is,Sailing in this salt flood; the winds, thy sighs;Who, raging with thy tears, and they with them,Without a sudden calm, will oversetThy tempest-tossed body. How now, wife!Have you deliver'd to her our decree?

LADY CAPULETAy, sir; but she will none, she gives you thanks.I would the fool were married to her grave!

CAPULETSoft! take me with you, take me with you, wife.How! will she none? doth she not give us thanks?Is she not proud? doth she not count her blest,Unworthy as she is, that we have wroughtSo worthy a gentleman to be her bridegroom?

JULIETNot proud, you have; but thankful, that you have:Proud can I never be of what I hate;But thankful even for hate, that is meant love.

CAPULETHow now, how now, chop-logic! What is this?'Proud,' and 'I thank you,' and 'I thank you not;'And yet 'not proud,' mistress minion, you,Thank me no thankings, nor, proud me no prouds,But fettle your fine joints 'gainst Thursday next,To go with Paris to Saint Peter's Church,Or I will drag thee on a hurdle thither.Out, you green-sickness carrion! out, you baggage!You tallow-face!

LADY CAPULETFie, fie! what, are you mad?

JULIETGood father, I beseech you on my knees,Hear me with patience but to speak a word.

CAPULETHang thee, young baggage! disobedient wretch!I tell thee what: get thee to church o' Thursday,Or never after look me in the face:Speak not, reply not, do not answer me;My fingers itch. Wife, we scarce thought us blestThat God had lent us but this only child;But now I see this one is one too much,And that we have a curse in having her:Out on her, hilding!

Choose your micro quotations here:

Why is it effective? Link to the actual words used What does it make you feel/do? What are the connotations? Does it have an emotional impact?

How is the importance of family presented here?CHALLENGE: why has Capulet’s attitude changed from a previous point in the play? Choose two micro-quotations from the text. Re-phrase the question as a statement, using your two micro-quotations in it. Literally, the simile ‘…’ means... Yet, figuratively, we can consider… Here, Shakespeare employs the word/phrase ‘...’ to imply… Perhaps, this indicates that family is…

Useful vocabulary: family, respect, generations, gender, rebellion, obedience, derogatory

The Nurse vs Lady Capulet: the Purpose of the Foil

The nurse is vulgar, insensitive and coarse but an endearing character all the same. She speaks without tact , however she seems to truly have Juliet’s best interests at heart. Her love for Juliet appears to be genuine and she is in a trusted position, which is why it is disappointing that she lets Juliet down at a crucial point. As a result., Juliet loses her confidence in the Nurse but this may just be a sign of Juliet becoming more assertive and less

Lady Capulet lacks a maternal aspect to her personality, she is rather curt and abrupt in her manner and portrayed as far older than her years; at only just under thirty, her husband is much older and the marriage appears to be one of social standing rather than love. She does not seem as though she knows how to deal with Juliet and has very little patience or expertise when talking to her child. This results in the audience doubting her grief when Juliet

CAPULET: Up to this point, Capulet has treated Juliet with a gentle kindness, protecting her from Paris, sharing his concerns about how young she is to be married. Why do you think we see this change?

WORDBANK:

Proud, superior, patriarchal, tyrannical,

influenced by others. is discovered ‘dead’ in her chamber in A4.

Comprehension and Evaluation (AO1, AO4)1.How would you describe the Nurse’s relationship with Juliet?

2. How does she let Juliet down?

3. Why might Lord and Lady Capulet have married?

4. How might the Nurse be better in dealing with Juliet at various points in the play?

5. What similarities do the two characters possess? Give two examples.

Useful vocabulary: foil, contrast, maternal,

Act Four Comprehension: Summary of Act Four (AO1)A4S1: Friar Lawrence speaks with Paris about his impending marriage to Juliet; Paris shares Capulet’s plans for them to marry _________. Juliet enters, and Paris speaks to her lovingly, if somewhat __________. Juliet responds indifferently, showing neither affection nor dislike. She remarks that she has not married him yet. After Paris leaves, Juliet asks Friar Lawrence for help, saying that she will ______ herself rather than marry Paris. The friar proposes a plan: Juliet must consent to marry Paris; then, on the night before the wedding, she must drink a sleeping __________ that will make her appear to be dead; she will be laid to rest in the Capulet tomb, and the friar will send word to Romeo in Mantua to help him retrieve her when she wakes up. She will then return to Mantua with Romeo, and be free to live with him away from their parents’ __________. Juliet agrees and Friar Lawrence gives her the sleeping potion.

A4S2: Juliet returns home, and surprises her parents by repenting her _____________ and cheerfully ___________to marry Paris. Capulet is so pleased that he insists on moving the marriage up a day, to Wednesday—tomorrow.

A4S3: Alone in her bedchamber, clutching the ______of poison, Juliet wonders what will happen when she drinks it. If the friar is untrustworthy and seeks merely to hide his role in her marriage to Romeo, she might die; or, if Romeo is late for some reason, she might awaken in the tomb and go ______ with fear. She has a vision in which she sees Tybalt’s ________ searching for Romeo. She begs Tybalt’s ghost to quit its search for Romeo, and toasting to Romeo, ________ the contents of the vial.

A4S4: Early the next morning, Capulet sends the Nurse to go wake Juliet. She finds Juliet _______ and begins to wail, soon joined by both Lady Capulet and Capulet. Paris arrives with Friar Lawrence and a group of musicians for the wedding. When he learns what has happened, Paris joins in the ____________. The Friar reassures them that Juliet is in a better place to get them to leave. Sorrowfully, they exit.

A4S5: Peter, the Capulet servant, enters and asks the musicians to play a ________tune to ease his __________ heart. The musicians refuse, arguing that to play such music would be inappropriate. Angered,

Peter insults the musicians, who respond in kind. The musicians decide to wait for the mourners to return so that they might get to eat the lunch that will be served.

Use the vocabulary below to fill in the gaps

HappyVialDeadSorrowfulhatred

LamentationsThursdayKillArrogantlyVial

PotionMadDisobedienceAgreeingGhost

Comprehension Questions:1. What would Juliet rather do that marry Paris?2. How does the Friar believe that his plan will allow the two lovers to be free?3. What doubts does Juliet have before she drinks the potion?4. Why might Lord Capulet move the wedding forward? What does this show us about his

relationship with Juliet?5. Where is there evidence of dramatic irony in scene 4?6. To what extent is the Friar protecting himself?

(AO2) Act Four Vocabulary – find the full quote/example in the play.

Entreat (verb)

Ask someone anxiously or beg them not to go

Presently (adverb)

After a short time or soon

Pensive(adjective)

reflecting deep or serious thought

.

Chapless (adjective)

Having no lower jaw

Redeem (verb)

Make up for faults or bad behaviour

Festering .(verb)

Become rotten or more intense

Dash (verb)

Strike or throw something with great force

Wretched (adjective)

Person in a very unfortunate or unhappy state

Untimely .(adjective)

Something done or happening at an unsuitable time

Pitiful (adjective)

Small, poor or inadequate

Contrary (adjective)

inclined to disagree or to do the opposite of what is expected or

desired

Mandrakes(noun)

A plant, poisonous and legend has it that it screams as its roots are ripped from the

earth.

Michael Jackson's doctor Conrad Murray sentenced to four years for involuntary manslaughter

Conrad Murray, the doctor convicted of causing Michael Jackson’s death, was jailed for four years with a judge describing him as a “disgrace to the medical profession”.

By Nick Allen, Los Angeles

6:12PM GMT 29 Nov 2011Follow

Comments

Handing down the maximum sentence for a charge of involuntary manslaughter Judge Michael Pastor delivered an

excoriating assessment of Murray, saying he had engaged in a “horrible cycle of medicine” and committed a "horrific

violation of trust.”

Murray, dressed in a grey suit, showed no emotion and sat with his hands clasped in front of him as he was

sentenced. He declined the opportunity to address the court. Members of Jackson’s family including his mother

Katherine, sat a few yards away.

Sheriff's officials say the doctor will serve a little less than two years behind bars.

Sheriff's spokesman Nicole Nishida said Murray will be housed in a one-man cell and kept away from other prisoners.

Jackson died on June 25, 2009 at a rented mansion in Los Angeles. Murray had been hired as his personal physician

to look after the singer as he rehearsed for 50 planned concerts at the O2 Arena in London.

Murray admitted giving Jackson propofol, a powerful anaesthetic, to help him sleep but claimed the amount was too

small to kill the singer. A jury convicted him of involuntary manslaughter earlier this month.

In delivering the sentence Judge Pastor said: “Dr Murray engaged in money for medicine madness that is not to

going to be tolerated by me. This was an unacceptable, egregious series of departures from the accepted standard of

care. An honourable profession bears the scourge, the blot of what happened here.

“There are those who feel Dr Murray is a saint, there are those who feel Dr Murray is the devil. He is neither. He is a

human being and he stands convicted of the death of another human being. He has absolutely no sense of remorse

or fault and is, and remains, dangerous.”

The 58-year-old cardiologist had “violated his own obligations for money, fame, prestige and whatever else may

have occurred,” the judge said.

He said the doctor had ordered propofol in “staggering and unprecedented quantities,” displayed a “long-standing

failure of character” and told "unconscionable lies” to paramedics who tried to save the singer.

Judge Pastor said he was particularly angered by a “faux reality production,” a television documentary called

“Michael Jackson and The Doctor: A Fatal Friendship,” which Murray filmed secretly during the six week trial.As Dr Murray was lead out of court he blew a kiss to his family and friends in the public gallery

In the documentary Murray said: “I don’t feel guilty because I did not do anything

wrong.”

The judge said: “Yikes. Talk about blaming the victim. Not only isn’t there any

remorse, there is umbrage and outrage from Dr Murray against the deceased. To

hear Dr Murray say it, he was just a bystander. The fact remains Dr Murray is offended by that patient dying. I think

Dr Murray is so reckless he is a danger to the community.

“Michael Jacskon died not because of an isolated one off occurrence or incident, he died because of a totality of

circumstances which are directly attributable to Dr Murray.

“This was not some mistake or accident in the early hours of the morning, it was because of a series of decisions Dr

Murray made which jeopardised his patient, which violated his obligations to his patient and his Hippocratic Oath.”

The judge said the most disturbing aspect of the six week trial had been a tape recording Murray made of his

vulnerable patient slurring his words under the influence of drugs. He said his belief was that Murray had made the

surreptitious recording as an “insurance policy.”

Prosecutor David Walgren had earlier asked for the maximum sentence of four years. He said: “The defendant was

playing Russian roulette with Michael Jackson’s life every single night.

“Every night they were up in Michael Jackson’s bedroom and he was administering propofol in that reckless, obscene

manner, Michael Jackson’s life was put at risk.”

Mr Walgren said Jackson’s mother had written a letter to the court also asking for the maximum sentence, and

describing how she felt “betrayed.”

He said: “Mrs Jackson says he violated her son’s trust, failed her son and failed her family. Not a day goes by when

she does not think about her son.

Every morning he is the first thing she thinks about. Michael Jacskon was his children’s world and their world

collapsed when he left.

“At the hospital his daughter Paris was crying and stated ’I want to go with you’ referring to her Dad.”

Mr Walgren also sought a restitution order against Murray for $100 million, the amount Jackson stood to make

personally from his “This Is It” tour, with the money to be paid to his children Prince, 14, Paris, 13 and Blanket, nine.

Murray’s lawyer Ed Chernoff said his client was willing to pay restitution but added: “He’ll never be able to pay $100

million.”

Brian Panish, a lawyer for the Jackson family, read a statement to the court on their behalf.

It said: “As his brothers and sisters, we will never be able to hold, laugh or perform again with our brother Michael.

And as his children, we will grow up without a father, our best friend, our playmate and our Dad.”

Murray’s mother Milta Rush, 80, a former professional bridal gown maker and cake maker, had written a letter to

the judge asking for lenience for her son.

She said: “He brings a special joy to my life that has been taken away because of his current situation. He has never

been in trouble with the law before and I am barely standing, scared and worried sick about him being incarcerated.”

1.How long was Murray sentenced for and on which charge?

2. What did the Judge mean when he stated that some will think that Murray was, ‘a saint’ and ‘the devil’?

3.Give two examples concern raised from Murray’s secret filming.

4.To what extent was Murray responsible for Jackson’s life?

5. To what extent can the same ideas apply to the Friar’s responsibilities toward Romeo and Juliet?

A4 VOCABULARY QUESTIONS

Which adjective means ‘small or inadequate’?9. Pitting 10. piny11. pitying12. pitiful

Which verb means to make up for bad behaviour?9. revise10. redeem11. resubmit12. redirect

Which adjective means, ‘in a very unfortunate or unhappy state’?

9. wretched10. wrongful11. wrathful12. wrapping

Which adjective means having no lower jaw?9. Chainless10. Captious 11. Chapless 12. Callous

Which verbs means to rot or become more intense?

9. Concealing 10. Congealing 11. Foiling 12. festering

Which adjective means something done at an unsuitable time?

9. unreally 10. Unwillingly 11. Unseemly 12. Untimely

Write a speech for Lord Capulet to read at Juliet’s funeral. Your speech must include: A structure that includes developed information about Juliet’s life and greatest

achievements/virtuous qualities Emotive language that portrays his grief and love for his daughter An awareness of the audience (direct address and collective nouns such as we, our, us will

help you to achieve this) A formal tone with sophisticated vocabulary. Try to include the Act 4 vocabulary list in your speech.

A4S1: Juliet’s Despair and Drawing Parallels

FRIAR LAURENCEHold, daughter: I do spy a kind of hope,Which craves as desperate an execution.As that is desperate which we would prevent.If, rather than to marry County Paris,Thou hast the strength of will to slay thyself,Then is it likely thou wilt undertakeA thing like death to chide away this shame,That copest with death himself to scape from it:And, if thou darest, I'll give thee remedy.

JULIETO, bid me leap, rather than marry Paris,From off the battlements of yonder tower;Or walk in thievish ways; or bid me lurkWhere serpents are; chain me with roaring bears;Or shut me nightly in a charnel-house,O'er-cover'd quite with dead men's rattling bones,With reeky shanks and yellow chapless skulls;Or bid me go into a new-made graveAnd hide me with a dead man in his shroud;Things that, to hear them told, have made me tremble;And I will do it without fear or doubt,To live an unstain'd wife to my sweet love.

How does Juliet’s reaction parallel Romeo’s response to banishment? HELP 1: What does Juliet say she would rather do than marry Paris? Which is most effective and why? What options are available to Juliet at this point? Would Juliet be so open to the Friar’s plan if she was not as desperate? How is Juliet’s reaction similar or different to Romeo’s response in A3S3?

Useful vocabulary: imagery, despair, hysteria, methodical, entrapment, duties, devotion, obligation

A4S3: Juliet’s DecisionJULIETFarewell! God knows when we shall meet again.I have a faint cold fear thrills through my veins,That almost freezes up the heat of life:I'll call them back again to comfort me:Nurse! What should she do here?My dismal scene I needs must act alone.Come, vial.What if this mixture do not work at all?Shall I be married then to-morrow morning?No, no: this shall forbid it: lie thou there.

Laying down her dagger

What if it be a poison, which the friarSubtly hath minister'd to have me dead,Lest in this marriage he should be dishonour'd,Because he married me before to Romeo?I fear it is: and yet, methinks, it should not,For he hath still been tried a holy man.How if, when I am laid into the tomb,I wake before the time that RomeoCome to redeem me? there's a fearful point!Shall I not, then, be stifled in the vault,To whose foul mouth no healthsome air breathes in,

And there die strangled ere my Romeo comes?Or, if I live, is it not very like,The horrible conceit of death and night,Together with the terror of the place,--As in a vault, an ancient receptacle,Where, for these many hundred years, the bonesOf all my buried ancestors are packed:Where bloody Tybalt, yet but green in earth,Lies festering in his shroud; where, as they say,At some hours in the night spirits resort;--Alack, alack, is it not like that I,So early waking, what with loathsome smells,And shrieks like mandrakes' torn out of the earth,That living mortals, hearing them, run mad:--O, if I wake, shall I not be distraught,Environed with all these hideous fears?And madly play with my forefather's joints?And pluck the mangled Tybalt from his shroud?And, in this rage, with some great kinsman's bone,As with a club, dash out my desperate brains?O, look! methinks I see my cousin's ghostSeeking out Romeo, that did spit his bodyUpon a rapier's point: stay, Tybalt, stay!Romeo, I come! this do I drink to thee.

How does Juliet make her decision in this extract? HELP What are Juliet’s greatest fears here? Why is it ironic that she worries about waking too early? How is imagery of the mouth used to show her isolation? In your opinion, is Juliet brave or terrified?

Useful vocabulary: soliloquy, desperation, courage, isolation, fear, foreboding, reasoning, dramatic irony

Act Five Comprehension: Summary of Act Five (AO1)

A5S1: On a street in Mantua, a cheerful Romeo describes a wonderful __________ he had the night before: Juliet found him lying dead, but she kissed him, and breathed new life into his body. Just then, Balthasar enters and informs Romeo of Juliet’s death. ____________, Romeo cries out “Then I defy you, stars” (5.1.24). Romeo asks if Balthasar is carrying a letter from Friar Lawrence. Balthasar says he is not, and Romeo sends his servant on his way. Once Balthasar is gone, Romeo says that he will ___________ with Juliet that night. He goes to find an ____________, a seller of drugs. After telling the man in the shop that he looks poor, Romeo offers to pay him well for a vial of poison. The Apothecary finally ________ and sells Romeo the poison. Once alone, Romeo speaks to the vial, declaring that he will go to Juliet’s tomb and kill himself.

A5S2: At his cell, Friar Lawrence speaks with Friar John, whom he had earlier sent to Mantua with a letter for Romeo. He asks John how Romeo responded to his letter (which described the plan involving Juliet’s _______death). Friar John replies that he was unable to deliver the letter because he was shut up in a quarantined house due to an outbreak of ________. Friar Lawrence becomes upset, realizing that if Romeo does not know about Juliet’s false death, there will be no one to retrieve her from the tomb when she __________. (He does not know that Romeo has learned of Juliet’s death and believes it to be real.) Friar Lawrence declares that he will have to rescue Juliet from the tomb on his own. He sends another _________ to Romeo to warn him about what has happened.

A5S3: A ____________ Paris visits Juliet’s tomb; Romeo arrives and the two duel which ends in Paris’ death. Romeo sees Juliet and begins a long, sad ___________ before kissing her and drinking his poison. Friar Lawrence enters as Juliet is waking and tries to convince her to run from the scene but she refuses to leave Romeo. She grabs the vial of poison but it’s empty, so she stabs herself with a _________. The Prince, Montagues, Capulets and others arrive, horrified at the scene. The Prince holds the family feud responsible for the tragedy and the two families agree to end the feud.

Use the vocabulary below to fill in the gaps

DaggerDreamSoliloquyApothecary

MourningThunderstruckAwakes Plague

LetterFalseRelentsLie

Comprehension Questions:1.Describe the dream that Romeo has on Tuesday night.2.What does Romeo curse when he finds out about Juliet’s death?3.What possible reasons might the Friar have to worry that his plan is falling apart?4.Where is there evidence of dramatic irony in scene 2?5.What does the Prince blame for the two lovers’ tragic deaths?6. What are the morals of the play?

(AO2) Act Five Vocabulary – find the full quote/example in the play.

Revived (verb)

Restore to life or consciousness

Disperse (verb)

Distribute or spread

Defy (verb)

Resist or refuse to obey.

Abhorred (verb)

Regard with disgust or hatred

Mortal (adjective)

Living as opposed to immortal

Consents (verb)

Give permission for something to happen.

Thwarted (verb)

Prevent someone from achieving something

Engrossing (adjective)

Absorb all attention

Churl (noun)

A mean spirited or cruel person

Impeach (verb)

Call the validity of something into question

Pardoned (verb)

Forgive or excuse

Anon (adverb)

Soon or shortly

Donald Trump says 'we can use peace' after Pope Francis gifts him symbolic olive treePope Francis urged Donald Mr Trump to be a peacemaker at their highly anticipated first meeting on Wednesday, and the US President promised he would not forget the pontiff's message.

Under clear blue skies, Mr Trump, who exchanged sharp words with the pope during the US election campaign last year, received a tribute from the Swiss Guard in a Vatican courtyard when he arrived to meet the pope.

Mr Trump entered a small elevator taking him to the third floor of the Apostolic Palace and, after a long ceremonial walk past frescoed corridors, shook the pope's hand at the entrance to the private study, which the frugal pope uses only for official occasions.

Francis smiled faintly as he greeted Mr Trump outside the study and was not as gregarious as he sometimes is with visiting heads of state. Mr Trump, seeming subdued, said "it is a great honour."

Even when the two were sitting at the pope's desk in the presence of photographers and reporters, the pope avoided the kind of small talk that usually occurs before the media is ushered out.

The two talked privately for about 30 minutes with translators.

Both men looked far more relaxed at the end of the private meeting, with the pope smiling and joking with Mr Trump and his wife Melania.

Francis gave the president a small sculptured olive tree and told him through the interpreter that it symbolised peace.

"It is my desire that you become an olive tree to construct peace," the Pope said, speaking in Spanish through an interpreter.

Mr Trump responded: "We can use peace."

Francis also gave Mr Trump a signed copy of his 2017 peace message whose title is "Nonviolence - A Style of Politics for Peace," and a copy of his 2015 encyclical letter on the need to protect the environment from the effects of climate change.

"Well, I'll be reading them," Mr Trump said.

Mr Trump's softer stance on environmental regulations is at odds with Francis' view that climate change is caused mostly by human activity.

Mr Trump gave the pope a boxed set of five first edition books by slain U.S. civil rights leader Martin Luther King.

As Mr Trump and the pope said goodbye at the door of the study, Mr Trump told the pope: "Thank you, thank you. I won't forget what you said."

The meeting with the pope was the third stop on a nine-day foreign tour due to end on Saturday, and part of his world tour of religions after meeting leaders of Muslim nations in Saudi Arabia and visiting holy sites in Jerusalem.

While his talks in Saudi Arabia and Israel were mostly friendly, the meeting between the head of the Roman Catholic Church and the thrice-married, blunt-spoken Mr Trump had the potential to be a little more confrontational.

The pope said last year a man who thinks about building walls and not bridges is "not Christian," a sharp reprimand for Mr Trump's vow to build a wall along the U.S. border with Mexico.

Mr Trump said it was "disgraceful" of the Argentine-born pope, who represents just over half of the world's two billion Christians, to question his faith.

Comprehension and Evaluation (AO1, AO4)1.When was the last time that the Pope and Trump met?

2.According to the Pope, what does an Olive tree symbolise?

3.Why do you think the writer tells us that Civil Rights leader Martin Luther King was slain?

4. In your opinion, does the writer suggest that the meeting was successful in talking peacefully?

5.Why is peace a vital element of living within a community or society?

A5 VOCABULARY QUESTIONS

Which verb means to forgive or excuse?13. Padden 14. Pardon15. Parson 16. Pollen

Which verb means to bring someone back to life?13. revive14. revise15. resign16. refight

Which verb means ‘disobey’?13. design 14. fie15. deny16. defy

Which adjective means absorb all attention?13. Digressing 14. ingrossing15. engrossing16. embossing

Which verb means to give permission?13. consign14. resent15. consent16. consider

Which adjective means living?13. Margulies 14. Mormile 15. mobile16. mortal

Write a lively article that explores the final end to the Capulet/Montague feud. Your article should include:

A catchy and provocative headline Formal and emotive language Paragraph structure, including the immediate information (What, Who, Where, When) in the

first paragraph A clear sense of your opinion Try to include as many of the vocabulary words as possible

A5S3: The Tragic Torment of the Star Crossed LoversROMEOIn faith, I will. Let me peruse this face.Mercutio's kinsman, noble County Paris!What said my man, when my betossed soulDid not attend him as we rode? I thinkHe told me Paris should have married Juliet:Said he not so? or did I dream it so?Or am I mad, hearing him talk of Juliet,To think it was so? O, give me thy hand,One writ with me in sour misfortune's book!I'll bury thee in a triumphant grave;A grave? O no! a lantern, slaughter'd youth,For here lies Juliet, and her beauty makesThis vault a feasting presence full of light.Death, lie thou there, by a dead man interr'd.

Laying PARIS in the tomb

How oft when men are at the point of deathHave they been merry! which their keepers callA lightning before death: O, how may ICall this a lightning? O my love! my wife!Death, that hath suck'd the honey of thy breath,Hath had no power yet upon thy beauty:

Thou art not conquer'd; beauty's ensign yetIs crimson in thy lips and in thy cheeks,And death's pale flag is not advanced there.Tybalt, liest thou there in thy bloody sheet?O, what more favour can I do to thee,Than with that hand that cut thy youth in twainTo sunder his that was thine enemy?Forgive me, cousin! Ah, dear Juliet,Why art thou yet so fair? shall I believeThat unsubstantial death is amorous,And that the lean abhorred monster keepsThee here in dark to be his paramour?For fear of that, I still will stay with thee;And never from this palace of dim nightDepart again: here, here will I remainWith worms that are thy chamber-maids; O, hereWill I set up my everlasting rest,And shake the yoke of inauspicious starsFrom this world-wearied flesh. Eyes, look your last!Arms, take your last embrace! and, lips, O youThe doors of breath, seal with a righteous kissA dateless bargain to engrossing death!Come, bitter conduct, come, unsavoury guide!Thou desperate pilot, now at once run onThe dashing rocks thy sea-sick weary bark!Here's to my love!

Drinks

O true apothecary!Thy drugs are quick. Thus with a kiss I die.

Dies

How does Romeo’s final soliloquy show his love for Juliet was genuine? HELP 1: How does this parallel Juliet’s fear; notice the mouth imagery, Romeo’s terror and indecision. How is it ironic that Romeo comments on Juliet’s beauty in death? How does Shakespeare use light and dark imagery to present Romeo’s final state of mind? How does Romeo acting too hastily, as always, prove to be his downfall?

Useful vocabulary: soliloquy, desperation, courage, isolation, fear, foreboding, reasoning, dramatic irony

Nature

'fresh female buds shall you see this night' Act 1

Scene 2 'Verona's summer hath not such a flower' Act 1 Scene 3 'So shows a snowy dove trooping with crows Act 1 Scene 5 'This bud of love, by summer's ripening breath,/May prove a beauteous flower when next we meet' Act 2 Scene 2 'O mickle is the powerful grace that lies/In plants, herbs, stones, and their true qualities./For naught so vile that on the earth doth live/But to the earth some special good doth give' Act 2 Scene 2 'An eagle, madam,/Hath not so green, so quick, so far an eye/As Paris hath Act 3 Scene 6 'sweet flower, with flowers thy bridal bed I strew' Act 5 Scene 3

Love vs Hate and Violence

Act 1, Scene 1: The Capulets and Montagues fight in Verona's marketplace; Romeo tells Benvolio of his unrequited love for Rosaline. Act 1, Scene 5: Forgetting Rosaline, Romeo falls in love with Juliet at first sight. Act 2, Scene 2: In Juliet's orchard the two lovers agree to marry. Act 3, Scene 1: Tybalt fatally wounds Mercutio under the newly-wed Romeo's arm. Act 3, Scene 5: Romeo and Juliet prepare to part after their wedding night. Act 5, Scene 3: Romeo kills Paris at the tomb door; Romeo and Juliet commit suicide; the Prince asks the two families to reconcile.

Spiritual love and Religious imagery

When the devout religion of mine eyeMaintains such falsehood, then turn tears to fires;’ Act 1, Scene 2

The shared sonnet is a key example of religious imagery used to depict love; Act 1 Scene 5. This continues in Act 2 Scene 2: ‘dear saint…fair saint.’

It could be argued that Romeo and Juliet use religious imagery to either justify their love or emphasise their rebellious natures.

Friar Lawrence advises Romeo to consider the spiritual side of love rather than simply physical love; he worries that Romeo’s fickle approach to love suggests he is not developing a deep, spiritual experience.

Fate vs Free Will: Unfortunate turns of events

'A pair of star-crossed lovers take their life' The Prologue 'my mind misgives/Some consequence yet hanging in the stars' Act 1 Scene 4 'so smile the heavens upon this holy act,/ That after hours with sorrow chide us not!' Act 2 Scene 6 'Can heaven be so envious' Act 3 Scene 2 'The heavens do lour upon you for some ill' Act 4 Scene 5 'Is it even so? then I defy you, stars! Act 5 Scene 1 'See, what a scourge is laid upon your hate,/That heaven finds means to kill your joys with love' Act 5 Scene 3

Family / youth vs age

The Prologue: the Chorus describes the parents' 'ancient grudge' which is the catalyst for the death of their children. Act 1, Scene 1: Lord Capulet approves Paris's request to ask Juliet to marry him. Act 3, Scene 5: Lord and Lady Capulet tell Juliet of their arrangements for her to marry Paris. Act 5, Scene 3: Romeo and Juliet commit suicide; the parents are faced with the consequences of their ancient feud.

Light vs Darkness

But, soft! what light through yonder window breaks?/It is the east, and Juliet is the sun' Act 2 Scene 2 'The brightness of her cheek would shame those stars,/As daylight doth a lamp' Act 2 Scene 2 'It is too rash, too unadivsed, too sudden;/Too like the lightning, which doth cease to be/Ere one can say “It lightens”' Act 2 Scene 3 'Take him and cut him out in little stars,/And he will make the face of heaven so fine/That all the world will be in love with night/And pay no worship to the garish sun' Act 3 Scene 2 'More light and light; more dark and dark our woes!' Act 3 Scene 5 'For here lies Juliet, and her beauty makes/This vault a feasting presence full of light' Act 5 Scene 3 'A glooming peace this morning with it brings./The sun for sorrow will not show his head' Act 5 Scene 3

The Multifaceted Presentation of Love

Friendship Love

The love and loyalty of friendship presents itself more predominantly with the male characters of the play; trust and allegiance is key to upholding rules of honour.

Which characters?

Which events and evidence?

Paternal Love

This type of love presents itself through advisory roles and whilst parents of both hero and heroine are present, other characters take up these roles where the parents may not entirely provide sufficient paternal love.

Which characters?

Which events and evidence?

Romantic Love

This type of love often fuels decisions within the play and certain characters try to moderate it with best interests at heart. In contrast, we see relationships that lack all sense of romantic love

Which characters?

Which events and evidence?

Love of Violence

Violence is often seen as a resolution to obstacles within the play; ironically, it ultimately leads tio further violence and this is one of the key messages of the play’s tragic ending. However, certain characters are compelled by their love of violence, perhaps because of the age of the ongoing feud.

Which characters?

Which events and evidence?

Character Profiling

How do the characters develop and what purpose do they serve within the play?

For each character, consider: Adjectives to describe their behaviour and actions How this changes or develops and what event helps us to see this new aspect of their

character What they are meant to teach us as an audience

Use the emotion vocabulary on the next page to help you.

Useful vocabulary: symbolises, represents, depicts, demonstrates

When? What happens?Act 1 – Prologue Find out the story in a condensed versionAct 1, Scene 1:

Verona. A public place.

Servants of the Montagues (Romeo) and Capulets (Juliet) start street brawl showing rivalry and tension between the

families. We discover Romeo loves Rosalind.Act 1, Scene 2: A

street.Paris asks Capulet if he can marry Juliet. Romeo discovers

that Rosalind will be at the Capulet ball that evening.Act 1, Scene 3: A room in Capulet's

house.

Lady Capulet tells Juliet about Paris’s proposal. The nurse interrupts with a long story of her as a baby.

Act 1, Scene 4: A Romeo has a feeling that something terrible will happen if he

Juliet Romeo Lord Capulet

Lady Capulet Nurse Friar Lawrence

Mercutio Benvolio Tybalt

street. goes to the ball but he goes anyway.Act 1, Scene 5: A hall in Capulet's

house.

The Montagues go to the ball and Romeo forgets Rosalind as soon as he sees Juliet. Tybalt recognises them but Lord

Capulet will not allow a fightAct 2, Prologue:

PROLOGUEThe chorus informs us the pain R&J are in as they can’t meet

but passion will find a way.Act 2, Scene 1: A lane by the wall

of Capulet's orchard.

Romeo jumps into the Capulet garden to catch a glimpse of Juliet.

Act 2, Scene 2: Capulet's orchard

The Balcony Scene: Romeo professes his love to Juliet. They arrange a meeting.

Act 2, Scene 3: Friar Laurence's

cell.

Romeo goes to Friar Lawrence to arrange to marry Juliet – he agrees thinking it will end the feud between the families

Act 2, Scene 4: A street.

Tybalt sends a challenge to Romeo. The Nurse gets the information about the wedding as a message to Juliet.

Act 2, Scene 5: Capulet's orchard.

The nurse delivers the news to Juliet of her upcoming marriage to Romeo.

Act 2, Scene 6: Friar Laurence's

cell.

They marry.

Act 3, Scene 1: A public place.

Romeo tries to avoid fighting. Mercutio is wounded and killed by Tybalt. Romeo then avenges his death and kills Tybalt.

Romeo is exiled for his part in this.Act 3, Scene 2:

Capulet's orchard.

Juliet learns of Tybalt’s death and Romeo’s banishment and is distraught over the loss of her love.

Act 3, Scene 3: Friar Laurence's

cell.

Both Romeo and Juliet are distraught at the separation. Romeo tries to stab himself but is convinced to hold on by

Friar Laurence.Act 3, Scene 4: A room in Capulet's

house.

Capulet promises on impulse that Juliet will marry Paris in two days.

Act 3, Scene 5: Capulet's orchard.

Lady Capulet informs Juliet of her upcoming marriage. She is threatened by her father if she refuses to be thrown out. The

Nurse says she should marry Paris.

Act 4, Scene 1: Friar Laurence's

cell.

Friar plans to give Juliet a drug that makes her appear dead for 48 hours to escape for Mantua and a new life with Romeo

Act 4, Scene 2: Hall in Capulet's

house.

Juliet goes to her father and agrees to marry Paris. He moves the wedding forward a day.

Act 4, Scene 3: Juliet's chamber.

Juliet takes the poison.

Act 4, Scene 4: Hall in Capulet's

house.

Capulet sends the nurse to waken Juliet.

Act 4, Scene 5: Juliet's chamber.

The Nurse tries to wake Juliet, but finds that she is (apparently) dead. All are grief stricken but Friar Laurence

arranges the funeral quickly.Act 5, Scene 1:

Mantua. A street.Romeo hears wrongly of Juliet’s death, buys poison and

returns to join her.Act 5, Scene 2:

Friar Laurence's cell.

Friar John explains why he didn’t deliver the letter and F L sends another.

Act 5, Scene 3: A churchyard; in it

a tomb belonging to the Capulets.

Outside the tomb where Juliet is (apparently) dead. Romeo and Paris fight. Paris is killed. Romeo takes the poison and

dies. Juliet wakes and finding Romeo dead kills herself with his dagger.