Page 1

Grade 9 Science Final Exam Review Name_____________________________

Please note that any review material that you receive is meant to be a help for your studying. It is still your responsibility to go through your notes to gain a thorough understanding of all course

materials.

GENERAL STUDY TIPS:

Before you start to study, make sure your notebook is complete and your notes are in order.

SAFETY UNIT

BEGIN by reviewing all of the quizzes – make corrections of your mistakes. Review all worksheets and notes and be familiar with all terms we have used.

1) Identify what the following safety symbols tell you about what is INSIDE the container:

2) Identify what the following shapes tell you about the container itself:

3) Distinguish between qualititive and quantitative observations, and give an example of each.

Page 2

4) Distinguish between dependent and independent variables.

In the ‘helicopter experiment’, which was the independent variable and which was the

dependent variable?

5) Give three (3) lab safety rules. Why must lab safety rules be strictly followed?

6) Identify three (3) safety devices found in the science lab.

7) Identify the following pieces of lab equipment:

Page 3

ECOLOGY UNIT REVIEW

BEGIN by reviewing all of the tests – make corrections of your mistakes. Review all worksheets and notes and be familiar with all terms we have used.

1. Categorize each of the words below. Include brief explanations and examples, as well as why you have grouped together certain words!

abiotic factors aquatic ecosystem atmosphere bioaccumulation bioamplification biodiversity biome biosphere

biotic factors carnivore carrying capapcity community consumer decomposer diversity ecology ecosystem equilibrium extinction forestry / deforestation food chain food web habitat herbivore

hydrosphere invasive species lithosphere niche nutrient cycles omnivore pesticides photosynthesis

population predator prey producer pyramids respiration species sustainability keystone species habitat fragmentation trophic level

2. a) What are keystone species?

b) give an example of a keystone species and its effect on the ecosystem in which it lives.

3. How do invasive species get into ecosystems? How do they damage the ecosystem? How can we stop invasive species from entering ecosystems?

3. a) Explain the different types of habitat fragmentation.

b) Explain at least three ways in which humans can help conservation when constructing national parks or wildlife reserves.

4. Be able to explain the different levels of species at risk. 5. a) What is the source of all energy in ecosystems?

b) Define photosynthesis.

c) Write the word equation for photosynthesis. 6. a) Define cellular respiration.

b) Write the word equation for cellular respiration. How does this compare to photosynthesis? c) What types of organisms undergo cellular respiration? 9. a) What are trophic / energy levels? What happens to all the energy in animals at each level? How much energy is

passed on to the next organism? What happens to the energy that isn’t transferred?

b) What are food chains and food webs? How are they similar? How are they the same?

c) Be able to identify organisms in food chains and/or food webs based on their trophic levels. List the types of organisms that can be found at each trophic level.

Page 4

d) Be able to identify organisms (ex. herbivore, carnivore, omnivore, detritivore, decomposer).

e) Be able to construct food webs if given a scenario. Be able to describe how food web change

12. a) Explain biodiversity. Why is biodiversity so important? b) Describe some causes of decreased biodiversity. 13. Explain three abiotic and three biotic limiting factors. How do they affect the carrying capacity of a population? 14. A good predator-prey relationship keeps the two populations “in balance”. What does this mean? 15. Compare and contrast bioaccumulation and biomagnification. 16. Be ready to explain the effects of DDT, PCB’s, methylmercury.

CHEMISTRY UNIT

BEGIN by reviewing all of the tests – make corrections of your mistakes. Review all worksheets and notes and be familiar with all terms we have used.

1) Detail the shape and the volume of each of the 3 states of matter.

STATE:

SHAPE:

VOLUME:

2) Fill in the Classification of Matter chart. Provide definitions and examples for each.

Page 5

3) Indicate whether each of the following is a pure substance (P) or a mixture (M).

_____ element or compound _____ solution _____ salt _____ two or more visible phases _____ mixture _____ lemonade _____ cannot be separated by physical means

4) Give three terms which are used to describe the clarity of a substance (how well you can see through it).

5) Match the correct letter with each physical property.

Answer Physical property Statement

Texture a) Diamonds at the top of scale

Ductility b) Can be hammered thin

Luster c) Temperature when solid turn liquid

Odour d) Temperature when liquid becomes gas

State e) How easy a liquid flows

Hardness f) Can it dissolve

Melting point g) Solid or liquid ….

Clarity h) It is smooth or gritty

Malleability i) It is sharp or burnt or spicy

Viscosity j) Cloudy or opaque

k) Shiny or dull

l) Can be made into wires

6) List 5 indications that a chemical change has occurred.

Page 6

7) Indicate whether the following changes are chemical ( C) or physical (P): a) ____ a new substance formed b) ____ a change in state: e.g. melting, freezing, vaporization c) ____ change is reversible d) ____ change in shape or form e) ____ change is not reversible by physical means f) ____ ice cream melting g) ____ methane gas produced from decomposition h) ____ fireworks i) ____ baking a cake j) ____ cutting the lawn k) ____ inflating a balloon l) ____ incandescent light bulb

8) Match each of the following scientists with his discovery. THOMSON DALTON DEMOCRITUS BOHR RUTHERFORD ARISTOTLE _____________________ discovered the nucleus through his Gold Foil Experiment

_____________________ believed that matter was made of 4 elements - earth, air, fire, and water

_____________________ developed the blueberry muffin model of the atom gave us the term atom

_____________________ said that all atoms of an element are identical

_____________________ determined that electrons exist in different energy levels or orbits using flame tests

9) What is the particle theory?

10) Distinguish between an atom, a molecule and a compound.

Page 7

11) Define each of the following:

Period

Family

Non-Metal

Metalloid

Metal

Alkali Metal

Alkali Earth Metal

Halogen

Noble Gas

Proton

Electron

Neutron

Atomic number

Atomic mass

12) Complete the following table for each type of atom:

Magnesium Potassium Iron Fluorine

Atomic Number

26

Atomic Mass

39 56

# protons 12 19

# electrons

9

# neutrons 12

19

Standard Atomic Notation

Page 8

13) Draw Bohr-Rutherford diagrams for:

a) Chlorine

b) Lithium

14) What is an ion?

15) Draw a lithium ion. (Refer to question 14b) for information needed!) What is the charge on this ion? Why?

16) Complete the following table for each element:

Element Symbol Group #

Chemical Group (i.e. Alkali Metal, Metalloid, Halogen, or Noble Gas)

# of e- in

outer (valence)

shell

Ion Period #

# Orbitals in Bohr-

Rutherford Diagram

Calcium

Li

Fluorine

Ar

Sodium

Si

Helium

Page 9

17) Determine the number and type of each atom.

Formula Name of Substance Number of Each Type of Atom Total # of Atoms

NaHCO3 Sodium bicarbonate

C9H8O4 Acetylsalicylic acid

Ca3(PO4)2 Calcium phosphate

(NH4)3 PO4 Ammonium phosphate

18) Determine the chemical formula and name of compound for each of the following ions:

Ions Chemical Formula Name of Compound

K+ + F

-

Li+ + S

2-

Ca2+

+ Cl-

Be2+

+ O2-

Al3+

+ O2-

Page 10

ASTRONOMY UNIT

Review all worksheets to be familiar with all terms…

1. a) Describe the Big Bang.

b) Explain two (2) types of evidence that the universe is still expanding.

2. List the planets in order. State any special structural features or characteristics of each.

PLANET CHARACTERISTICS 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

3. Which are terrestrial planets? Which are gas giants? Define each type of planet.

4. Name and describe the main layers/features of the sun.

5. On a separate piece of paper, draw a mind map (a concept map with pictures, labels, and short descriptions) to illustrate the life cycle of stars.

6. Compare planets and stars. List features and describe the differences between planets and stars.

Page 11

7. Describe the challenges humans face during space travel.

8. Be able to explain the contributions of one famous astronomer.

9. Explain why we have seasons on Earth. Be sure to use the terms rotation, revolution, and axis somewhere in your explanation.

ELECTRICITY UNIT

BEGIN by reviewing your test – make corrections of your mistakes. Review all worksheets and notes and be familiar with all terms we have used.

1. What is the difference between static electricity and current electricity?

2. What does it mean to ‘ground’ an object?

3. a) How does lightning occur?

Page 12

How are tall buildings protected from lightning? How does this work?

4. When you rub two different substances together, one gets a __________ charge and one gets a __________ charge.

This is called “Charging by ____________ “. When two different substances rub together, there is a transfer of

______________ from one substance to the other. The object that GAINS electrons gets a ____ charge, and the

object that LOSES electrons gets a _______ charge.

5. Use the electrostatic series in your notes to determine the resulting charge for each pair of substances:

Pair of substances rubbed together Substance which gets a negative charge

Substance which gets a positive charge

Plastic pen and fur

Glass rod and silk

Acetate and fur

Rubber balloon and fur

6. What is the difference between a conductor and an insulator? Give an example of each.

7. To charge an electroscope with a NEGATIVE charge, you must touch it with a ____________ charged object. To

charge an electroscope with a POSITIVE charge, you must touch it with a ____________ charged object. When you

touch a doorknob after walking on a wool carpet with cotton socks, you will give the doorknob a __________ charge.

This is called “Charging by _____________ “.

8. The “Law of Electric Charges” says: Like charges ___________ each other. Unlike charges _________ each other.

A charged object will _____________ a neutral object.

9. A neutral object has the same number of_________ and _________. A positively charged object has _____electrons

than protons. A negatively charged object has ________ electrons than protons.

10. An electroscope has been NEGATIVELY charged and the leaves are open.

(a) Why do the leaves stay open? (b) What would happen if you touched the electroscope? Why? (c) What will happen to the leaves if you bring a POSITIVELY charged rod NEAR the electroscope? Why? (d) What will happen to the leaves if you bring a NEGATIVELY charged rod NEAR the electroscope? Why? DRAW DIAGRAMS SHOWING LOCATION AND/OR MOVEMENT OF CHARGES FOR a,b,c, and d

Page 13

11. What are the main parts of an electric circuit?

12. A toaster is an example of a LOAD in an electric circuit. What energy transformation occurs when the toaster is turned on?

13. Why aren’t electrical devices 100% efficient?

14. The rate of flow of electrons through a circuit is called ___________ (its symbol is ____). It is measured by an

____________ which is connected in ___________ . The units of measure of the rate of flow of electrons is

_____________ whose symbol is _____ . In a series circuit, the current is ____________ throughout the circuit. In a

parallel circuit, the current is ____________ by the different paths.

15. Energy given to electrons by the battery, or, energy used by a load in a circuit, is called ___________ . This is

measured by a ___________which is connected in ____________ . The units of measure are ___________ whose

symbol is ________ . In a series circuit, voltage is ___________ among the loads. In a parallel circuit, each path has

the same ________ as the source.

16. What is the difference between potential difference (voltage) and current? (Make a table to compare and contrast the

information in #13 & 14).

17. What is the difference between a voltmeter and an ammeter?

18. What is electrical resistance? Why is it necessary for the functioning of most loads?

19. Fill in the following chart by checking off which circuit the characteristic applies to:

Characteristic Parallel Circuit

Series Circuit

Characteristic Parallel Circuit

Series Circuit

voltage added appliances share the voltage

current added appliance do not share the voltage

only 1 path for electricity to follow loads work or shut off one at a time

Page 14

more than 1 path for electricity to follow all loads are on or all loads are off

an extra bulb makes the others less bright

current is the same throughout the circuit

an extra bulb does not change the brightness of the others

current in different in every part of the circuit

20. Consider 3 lights in a series circuit, attached to a 9V battery, and with a .21 A coming from the battery.

What is the voltage across each of the lights?

What is the amperage going into each light?

21. Consider the same situation as in #19, but the lights are on a parallel circuit.

What is the voltage going across each light? What is the amperage going into each light?

22. Why are homes wired in parallel and not in series?

23. Use correct circuit symbols to draw a circuit which contains a 2-cell battery, 3 light bulbs in series, an open switch, an

ammeter measuring the current between light bulb 2 and light bulb 3, and a voltmeter hooked up to measure the voltage drop across light bulb 1, and another ammeter to measure the current as it returns to the battery. Indicate the + and – terminals of the battery and the direction of current flow.

24. In a circuit provided with a constant 6 volts, what happens to the current as the resistance is increased?

Page 15

25. What is the total resistance of a can opener when it requires a current of 1.5 A and there is a voltage of 120 V?

26. What happens during a ‘short circuit’? Why are they dangerous?

27. Nuclear fuels and fossil fuels are both ____________________ sources of energy.

28. Two examples of renewable sources of energy are ______________ and ________________.

29. Choose an alternative energy resource to hydroelectricity. Describe how it produces electricity, advantages and disadvantages of its use, and if it is renewable or nonrenewable. Is it practical for use in Ontario?