PT OTP Geothermal Services IndonesiaSampoerna Strategic Square, North Tower, Level 24th

Jl. Jend. Sudirman Kav. 45-46, Jakarta 12930

Safety Topic – H2S Awareness

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Volcanic fumes kill six Indonesian teenagersJAKARTA | Mon Jul 9, 2007 6:04am BST

(Reuters) - Poisonous sulphur fumes from an Indonesian volcano just outside the capital killed six school children on a camping trip on the mountain, police said on Monday.Indonesia has the world's highest number of active volcanoes, and hiking and camping on volcanoes are popular pastimes. The forested Salak mountain one hour south of the capital is a favourite of young Jakartans.

The six teenagers were part a group of 20 high school students from Jakarta on a camping trip who climbed to the rim of the crater, which is normally out of bounds for hikers, police officer Thomas Alexander said.

One of the students was found dead with foam on his mouth, a strong indicator of sulphur poisoning, Alexander said.

"The teens were playing around the fume-filled crater and inhaled the poisonous fumes," Alexander told Reuters.

Some of the other students were unconscious but were immediately brought from the 2,180-metre (7,152 feet) peak to the nearest hospital.

Sabar Jaya, a hospital official in the nearby city of Bogor, said no autopsy was performed as families decided to take the bodies home right after they arrived in the hospital.

"We checked the corpses, there were no bruises or wounds. We believe the teens were poisoned by the crater's sulphur fumes," Jaya said.

Safety Topic – H2S Awareness

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Going on a School Field Trip to Tangkubang Perahu?

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Hydrogen Sulfide Gas is a toxic (poisonous)

gas that can kill you the first time you breath it!

Oh Yeah, by the way:

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What is H2S?

H2S is naturally occurring chemical produced by bacteria as it decomposes organic material.

It may develop in low oxygenenvironments, such as, sewers,swamps and polluted water.

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You may find H2S in:DairiesBreweriesChemical processes Geothermal explorationFisheriesTanneries72 different Industries

It is a natural Product of Decay or Putrefaction

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Physical Characteristics

Color – Clear/Transparent

Odor – Sweetish taste, unpleasant odor; described as rotten eggs.

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19% heavier than air

Vapor Density

The weight of a gas as compared to air.

Air = 1H2S = 1.189 @ 32 F

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Hazardous Characteristics

Flammable

LFLBURN RANGE

RICHLEAN

UFL4.3%0%

1% = 10,000 PPM

100%

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Auto Ignition Temperature

Hydrogen Sulfide will automaticallyignite at 500 0F

Diesel exhaust – 600-2400 0F

End of lit cigarette – 1400 0F

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Hazardous Characteristics

ToxicH2S is the second most toxic gas known to man.

The most toxic is Hydrogen Cyanide

PEL of H2S = 10 ppmPEL of HCN = 10 ppm

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Target Organs

Nose

LungsEyes

Liver

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Personal Monitors

• Notify Schools and other groups about the danger• I have notified Jakarta International School • Have provided Monitors and Training for the Chaperones