Safety & Tools(Ch 2)

2

Small Engine Safety

• Never operate an engine in an enclosed area.

• Work in a space with room for maneuvering.

• Engines should be operated only by qualified personnel.

• Do not have open flame near flammables.

• Allow engine to cool before refueling.

• Take care of spilled gas• Be familiar with engine shut off

procedures.

• Do not operate an engine with the air cleaner removed.

• Do no operate an engine with out a muffler.

• Disengage an engine from driven equipment before starting.

• Never leave an operating engine unattended

• Do not operate an engine at excessive speeds.

• Avid contact with hot engine parts.• Keep feet, hands, and clothing away from

moving engine and equipment components.

• Do not attempt to crank an engine with the spark plug removed

• Always have an approved fire extinguisher near the work area.

3

Safety and Product Standards

• Government agencies

• Standards Organizations

• Technical Societies

• Private organizations

• Trade associations

• Training Organizations

• Student Organizations

4

Government Agencies

OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration

CFR Code of Federal Regulations:

NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health:

EPA Environmental Protection Agency:

DOD Department of Defense:

DOT Department of Transportation

CPSC Consumer Product Safety Commission

5

Standards Organizations.

ANSI American National Standards Institute:

CSA Canadian Standards Association:

ISO International Organization for Standardization:

6

Technical Societies

ASABE American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers

SAE Society of Automotive Engineers

ASTM American Society for Testing Materials

7

Private Organizations

UL Underwriters Laboratories

NFPA National Fire Protection Association

8

Trade Associations

OPEI Outdoor Power Equipment Institute

API American Petroleum Institute

Trade Organizations

EETC Equipment and Engine Training Council

OPEESA Outdoor Power Equipment and Engine Service Association

AED Associated Equipment Distributors

9

Student Organizations

FFA

SkillsUSA-VICKA

10

Fire Safety

• Small gas engine facilities commonly have flammable materials in the area.

• Flammable materials must be used and stored correctly.

A fire must have oxygen, heat and fuel, and these must be in sufficient quantities to cause a chemical reaction.

Removal of any one of the four items will stop a fire.

11

Portable Fire Extinguishers

• Use a portable fire extinguisher when the fire is confined to a small area, such

as a wastebasket, and is not growing; everyone has exited the building; the fire

department has been called or is being called; and the room is not filled with

smoke. (NFPA)

• To operate a fire extinguisher, remember the word PASS:

– Pull the pin. Hold the extinguisher with the nozzle pointing away from you, and

release the locking mechanism.

– Aim low. Point the extinguisher at the base of the fire.

– Squeeze the lever slowly and evenly.

– Sweep the nozzle from side-to-side.

12

Fire Extinguishers

• Fire extinguishers are rated for the class of fire.

• Classes of fire.– A– B– C– D

Combustibles such as paper, wood, cloth rubber, plastics, refuse and upholstery.

Combustible liquids such as gasoline, oil, grease, and paint.

Electrical equipment such as motors, appliances, and wiring.

Combustible metals such as magnesium, potassium, sodium, titanium, and zirconium.

13

Types of Fire Extinguishers

Pressurized WaterABC Dry Chemical

Carbon Dioxide

14

Safety Principles

Flammable Liquid: A liquid with a flash point below 100o F.

Flash Point: the lowest temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient vapor to sustain combustion.

oF Liquid oF Liquid

-36 Gasoline 100 Kerosene

-4 Acetone 104 Mineral spirits

50 Ethyl alcohol 125 Diesel fuel (No. 2)

Flash Point

Flammable liquids should be stored in a safety can.

Safety cans should be stored in a safety cabinet.

Rags and paper contaminated with a flammable liquid should be placed in an oily waste can.

15

Safety Principles-cont.

Combustible liquid: A liquid with a flash point at or above 100o F.

Testing flash point

Spontaneous combustion: Self-ignition caused by chemical reaction and temperature buildup in waste materials.

Carbon Monoxide: A toxic gas produced by

incomplete combustion.

CO is slightly lighter than air.

Humid conditions may cause it to remain

stationary.

16

PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)

Every occupation and every activity has PPE that should be worn.

The appropriate PPE is a function of the hazards.

Small gas engines PPE:

Clothing

Eye

Ear

Respiratory

Hand

Foot

Back

Hazard: anything that has the potential to cause an accident.

Prevent injury and provide a professional appearance.

Required when there is a reasonable probability of flying particles, molten metal, chemical liquids or gases, radiant energy or a combination of any or all of these.

Engines and tools produce loud noises. Loss caused by intensity and duration of exposure.

Required when exposed to chemical hazards, any chemical that is toxic when inhaled, absorbed, or ingested.

Required to prevent injuries from burns, cuts and the absorption of chemicals.

Typical injury caused by an 65 pound object falling less than 4 feet.

Anyone that does anything will hurt their back someday. Most back injuries are the result of improper lifting.

17

NFPA Hazard Signal System

Health Hazard4 Deadly3 Extreme danger2 Hazardous1 Slightly hazardous0 Normal material

Specific HazardOX OxidizerACID AcidALK AlkaliCOR CorrosiveW Use no water Radiation hazard

Fire Hazard (Flash Points)4 Below 73 oF3 Below 100 oF2 Below 200 oF1 Above 200 oF0 Will not burn

Reactivity4 May detonate3 Shock & heat may detonate2 Violent chemical change1 Unstable if heated0 Stable

Questions