Safety Pocket Manual-11

8/13/2019 Safety Pocket Manual-11

1/41

IMPORTANT SAFETY TIPS

FOR

CONSTRUCTION SITE

ISSUED BY

Tata Consulting Engineers Limited

Construction Business Unit Pune, India


2/41

2

FOREWORD

Dear TCEites,

Implementation of construction activities in a safe manner

requires liberal use of common sense, little precautions and strict

adherence to the safe working practices defined in Safety Manual.

We in TCE have always given high priority to ensure safe working

and take pride in not compromising safety under any

circumstances.We are committed to safety of human life and the works at site

and sincerely believe in putting in all endeavors to collectively

improve work processes and share responsibility towards safety,

health and environmental conditions at work site and aim for

making each site a zero accident site. Your skills and knowledge

are very important to your family, yourself and the project; protect

these assets by working safely.

This document is for guidance and is a quick reference to the

general safety standards. These are derived from our safety

manual, years of observations, practical experience within our

sites and outside. Accidents are preventable. Your personal

involvement in accident prevention is essential to ensure safe and

accident-free working environment in our organization.

A.S. Prabhudesai

Senior Vice President, CNBU


3/41

3

INDEX

Sl. No Description Page No.

1 Safety, health and environment policy

2 Ten commandments of safety for site supervision

3 Accidents

4 Office safety

5 Safety in electrical works

6 Safety in use of ladder

7 Safety in scaffolding

8 Safety while working at heights and below ground level

9 Safety in using hand tools/machines

10 Safety in use of cranes and excavation machines

11 Safety in material handling

12 Safety in gas cutting and welding operation

13 Safety in confined space working

14 Safety in Tunneling

15 Safety on roads

16 Safety in housekeeping

17 Fire safety

18 Personal protective equipment

19 First-aid & Emergency plan

20 Dos and Donts

21 Safety Audit


4/41

4

Tata Consulting Engineers Limited

SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT POLICY

We at Tata Consulting Engineers Limited (TCE) are committed to continually

improving our performance related to Safety, Health and Environment.

Towards this end, TCE will ensure that

Safe and healthy environment is provided to all its employees at theirworkplaces,

Safe work practices are observed at all project sites that it is

associated with,

Environment friendly practices are adopted in meeting its own needs,

Where relevant, environment friendly solutions are advocated to its

Customers,

Safety, Health and Environmental hazards are proactively identified

and risks are assessed and controlled, Employees are trained to perform their work in a safe and

environmentally responsible manner.

TCE will implement this policy in compliance with all applicable Safety,

Health and Environmental codes and standards as well as legal and statutory

requirements.

Chief Executive Officer

&

Managing Director


5/41

5

TEN COMMANDMENTS OF SAFETY SUPERVISION

1. Care for all people at work sites as you would care for people at

home. Ensure each workman and staff understands and accepts their

personal responsibility towards safety.2. Know the rules of safety that apply to the work you supervise. A

situation should never arise that one of the workman was injured due

to lack of awareness about the safety rules of the job.

3. Anticipate the risks that may arise from changes in equipment or

methods. Make use of the expert safety advice available to help you

guard against such risks.

4. Encourage workmen to discuss with you the hazards involved in their

work. No job should proceed where a question of safety remainsunanswered. Openness to the ideas of workmen provides first hand

knowledge that will help you prevent needless loss and suffering.

5. Instruct workmen to work safely, as you would guide and counsel

your family at home with persistence.

6. Consistently follow-up your instructions to them, see to that the

workmen make use of safe guards provided.

7. Set a good example. Demonstrate safety in your habit and personal

conduct.

8. Investigate and analyze every unsafe event / accident, however

insignificant it may be, where minor injuries go unheeded, a crippling

accident may strike later.

9. Co-operate fully with those in any organization who are actively

concerned with employees safety. Their dedicated purpose is to

keep all workmen fully able on the job and cut the heavy toll of

accident.

10. Remember: Not only does accident prevention reduce human

suffering and loss; it is also a good business practice. Safety,

therefore, is one of our prime obligations to our Company, Fellow

Managers and Fellow Men and to the society.


6/41

6

ACCIDENTS

Generally accidents happen due to unforeseen, uncontrolled and unplanned events.

They could lead to personal injury or damage to property.

Causes of Accidents

1. Unsafe Acts:

Violation of:

Safety norms.

Safety rules.

Safety Instructions.

Safe working practices

Not using:

Personal Protective Equipment

Safety guards.

Safety gadgets.

Proper tools.

Good housekeeping practices.

Personal attitude:

Casual attitude

Failure to recognize potential dangers

Horseplay at work places

Disturbing concentration of others by talking

Operating without training, without knowing, without experience orwithout orders etc.

Personal factors:

Impulsiveness

Lack of attention / sleep

IrresponsibilityDefective vision

Accident proneness

Food habits and drinks / drug habits

Psycho-physical characteristics

Worry and emotion

Age, sex, physical fitness


7/41

7

2. Unsafe Conditions

Bad selection of men, machinery, material and methods.

Faulty design of machine

Insufficient and inadequate guards

Inadequate air, light and environmentAbsence of caution boards / Notice boards / place cards

Improper maintenance or non performance of periodical maintenance.

Faulty purchase / Lowest Quotation.

3. Natural Calamities

Heavy down pour

Lightning

Floods

Landslide

Collapsing of buildingEarthquake

Tornado etc.

Prevention of Accidents

1. ENGINEERING METHODS

To keep the danger zone guarded.

To keep the person away from danger zone.

To maintain good housekeeping at the work place.

2. EDUCATION AND TRAINING (INDUCTION) :

Orientation program for each new recruit about safety rules and regulations,safety procedures and work methods, accident reporting systems etc.


8/41

8

OFFICE SAFETY

HAZARDS

Slipping, tripping and falling at a level or to a lower level.

Fire hazard

ORDER OF RESPONSIBILTY

Office Head / Site In-charge / Safety Officer/ Engineer / Supervisor

PRECAUTIONS

1. Do not Smoke in offices

2. Keep gangways clear

3. Ensure emergency exit route is clear

4. Maintain good housekeeping.

5. Provide proper ventilation

6. Plan the layout of furniture or equipment so that you are not colliding with object or

working in poor light.

7. See adequate illumination is provided at work places all lamps and fittings have been

cleaned and maintained. Check the Lux level periodically.

8. See that furniture is ergonomically designed.

9. Provide adequate visuals in offices where narrow alleys with abrupt turns exist.

10. See carpets are not worn out.

11. See that walking surface is not slippery.

12. See all air conditioners or Air Handling Units are well maintained.13. See that all electrical fittings are well maintained.

14. Check that three pin plugs and sockets have been provided on all electrical equipment

in use.

15. See that fire detection & alarm system is functional

16. Check that sufficient fire extinguishers are provided and maintained

17. See sufficient numbers of employees know the location of the fire extinguishers & know

to operate fire extinguishers.

18. See first-aid boxes are provided, location is known and are well maintained.

19. See emergency preparedness plan is ready and communicated to all.

20. Ensure to display emergency contact numbers & persons such as Police, Fire,

Ambulance, Hospital etc.

21. Maintain and operate lifts as per statutory requirement.

22. Check noise levels periodically

23. Ensure proper portable water and sanitation facilities.


9/41

9

SAFETY IN ELECTRICAL WORKS

HAZARDS

The main hazards in electrical works are electrocution, burns, fire and explosion.

When working on high altitude there are possibilities of slipping and falling.


Site In-charge / Safety Officer / Engineer / Supervisor

PRECAUTIONS

1. Do not attempt to work on electrical apparatus unless authorized to do so.

2. Do not stand on wet or damp floor while working. Preferably use wooden or rubber mat

base (insulating material) for standing.

3. Use of Metallic ladders should be avoided for repairing of electrical works.

4. Any employee noticing defective electrical equipment should report it to the concerned

authority.

5. Wherever necessary take Work Permit from concerned authority.

6. All wire must be treated as live wire until it is positively known that they are dead.

7. To know whether there is a current in the line or not , do not try to know it by touching

8. Wiring shall be installed in such a manner that it is not subjected to physical damage.

9. Repair and maintenance works of electrical line or equipment should be done by

qualified authorized electrician using insulated tools only. Hand gloves and tools with

insulated handles must be used.

10. Portable electrical equipment is generally equipped with a ground wire. If such groundwires are not provided, they must be installed and the equipment should not be used till

such time that the earthing is provided.

11. Lockable (without key) type three pin Plug and sockets assembly should be preferred for

power receptacles for temporary power connection so that the plug does not come out

easily.

12. Earth leakage protection device shall be used for the ground fault protection. The rating

of ELCB shall be 30 mA and the ELCB should clear the fault within 200 milli-second

time.

13. Label all the receptacles on temporary racks with the circuit voltages present and

identification of source of power.

14. Do not close switches of a line after work, unless you get written line clearance

information from the concerned authorized officer saying that all men or material and

earthing on line have been removed.

15. Do not use water, soda acid or foam fire extinguishers on electrical fires as they may

result in fatal shock. Switch off the power supply and use only dry powder or carbon-

dioxide fire extinguishers.


10/41

10

SAFETY IN USE OF LADDERS

HAZARDS

Slipping and falling from heights.

Toppling of ladders



PRECAUTIONS

1. While placing ladder the horizontal distance from the base of ladder to the vertical plane

of support should be approximately one fourth of ladder length. ( The ladder bottom

should be 1 meter from the object against which the top is leaning if the ladder length is

4 meter). Therefore angle of ladder legs with ground should be approximately 75.52 o

2. Never use an unsound ladder.

3. Before using a ladder inspect for missing cleat or cracked rungs.

4. Ladder should not be painted

5. Ensure that ladder is set on a firm level base.

6. Do not place a ladder close to live electric wiring.

7. Have a man at the foot to hold the ladder or lash the top of ladder securely against

resting face.

8. Do not carry load on person while climbing or descending the ladder-use a hoist line

9. Do not lean sideways from a ladder- it is safe to move the ladder after the person has

alighted.10. Never lash two ladders to make longer one.

11. Face a ladder climbing or descending

12. Never slide down of ladder.

13. Mobile scaffold / ladders / telescopic ladder shall be maintained properly. Attached

wheel locks, riggers etc. should be always functional. No person should be allowed to

stand on top when these are being moved.

14. Preferably use cage ladder for back rest.

15. Use fall arrestors with full body safety belt or double hook safety belt.

16. In the event of more height and numbers of ladders required, after every ladder provide

a landing platform for rest and next ladder rungs should be at 900 to earlier ladder to

essentially break continuous traverse.


11/41

11

SAFETY IN SCAFFOLDING

HAZARDS

Fall of persons

Fall of material and articles

Failure of scaffolding due to overloadingFailure of the scaffolding members during erection and dismantling

Contact with energized lines.

Environmental



PRECAUTIONS

1. The scaffold must be Double scaffolding, sturdily built and properly secured.

2. The scaffold must not be overloaded.

3. Scaffold higher than 3 meters above the ground must be equipped with minimum two

level hand rails approximate 1.2 meter decking for top hand rail.

4. If a scaffold is intended for holding bolts, flanges, bricks, etc., it should have a toe-

board installed to prevent material from falling as well as person slipping and falling.

5. Decking on scaffold have minimum gaps in between and must be properly secured.

Minimum square floor opening grills / grating or chequered plate be used for flooring to

avoid falling of objects such as nuts, bolts, washers etc.

6. Scaffold build over passage ways should provide a head clearance of not less than two

meters7. All scaffolds shall have installed ladders or other suitable means for vertical ascent.

Portions of scaffold, however, may be used as rungs of ladder.

8. Minimum two accesses / approaches to be ensured for every scaffold.

9. Before erecting scaffold near any electrical lines or exposed electrical equipment,

concerned people should consult their authorities to determine what special precautions

are required to be taken. Scaffolds should be ensure not to be with in range of flux

linkage of electrical conductors

10. Scaffold built in or extending into roadways and walkways shall bear red light markers at

night and red flag markers during the day.

11. Provide adequate workspace to enable workmen to move freely in connection with theirwork.

12. Scaffolding on hot equipment should be constructed and maintained in a manner to

prevent fire. Wooden planks should be kept such a way that it will not touch the hot

equipment. As far as possible use of wooden planks be avoided and minimum square

floor opening grills / grating or chequered plate clamped securely using nuts & bolts be

preferred.


12/41

12

SAFETY WHILE WORKING AT HEIGHTS AND BELOW GROUND LEVEL

HAZARDS

A condition or situation that could result into fall

A condition or situation that could result in person getting buried.



PRECAUTIONS

1. Check whether there is a safe method of getting to and from the work area with

minimum two accesses / exits.

2. Decide what particular equipment will be suitable for the job and the conditions on site.

3. All employees should secure properly, tools and other material on platform; scaffolds or

any other elevated points so that they will not fall. Use minimum square floor grill /

grating or chequered plate for base (floor) & toe guard / board for avoiding fall of

materials or slippage & fall of person. Tie hand tools to belts.

4. Make sure that scaffolding and ladders are as per safety standard norms. Ladder be

preferably cage ladder & scaffolds should have minimum two level hand rails with top

layer at 1.2 m from scaffold floor level.

5. Check any equipment provided by another company is safe on site before using it.

6. If no other means of providing a safe place of work at height is available, then

appropriately anchored harness should be worn; whenever harnesses are used a

method must be available to enable people to be rescued from fall and being leftsuspended in their harness by way of achor from nearest permanent structure or

lifelines.

7. When selecting a safe system of work at heights, all the risks have to be considered

before one method is selected. For example, if nets are selected, is there adequate

clearance under the nets to prevent injury to those who may fall into them? If harnesses

are used, is there sufficient clearance from the ground to allow the shock absorbing

lanyard or inertia reel to fully extend.

8. Physical condition and suitability of steps, rung ladders.

9. Helmet with chin straps, in working condition.

10. Safety belt with double lanyard with arrangement for life line support.

11. Manila rope used as lifeline or for any other purpose shall be checked before each

application and in each shift, when it is in use.

12. Area on ground beneath the height where job is being executed has been properly

barricaded / fenced indicating danger, displaying necessary placards.

13. Concerned departmental personnel whose work may get affected by the job have been

identified and communicated.


13/41

13

14. Any work at height shall be carried out only in presence of skilled supervisor.

15. Only trained persons shall be allowed to work at height. Workers will have to be

permitted to work at height only after clearing height phobia test and upon certification by

registered medical practitioner to that effect.

16. If working at height includes gas cutting and welding, working in gaseous hazardous

area, near electrical installation, work permit should be obtained from authorizedagencies separately for each hazard.

Below ground level

1. While making excavations, trial pits must be excavated to detect existing services if any, in

the alignment of the excavation.

2. Concerned agencies who have provided the services be formally informed of the program

for excavation so that they can send their representative at the place of excavation.

3. Care should be exercised to ensure that any buried cable or services are not damaged.

Clearance must be obtained from Utility Department as regard layout / routing of buried

services to ensure not to foul with excavation.

4. Employees must properly barricade all excavations, manholes, valve boxes, pipe tranches

etc., if such opening is to be left over-night in a frequented location; it is the responsibility of

the group doing the work at such location to ensure that necessary arrangements are made

for installing caution signs, barricade etc.

5. Where shoring, bracing or other types of supports are considered necessary for excavation,

they should be provided by those executing the job.

6. Excavation 1.5 M more in depth shall be provided with minimum two ladders for access.

Hot Work Permit be secured for deep excavation jobs where head is below grade.7. No equipment, material be stored within 2 to 2.5 meters from the edge of the open

excavation.

8. Edge of the excavation should not be vertical but should be profiled outwards at the top to

avoid fall of soil. Which could entrap personnel.


14/41

14

SAFETY IN USING HAND TOOLS / MACHINES

HAZARDS

Hit by flying object

Cut or hand injury



PRECAUTIONS

1. Do not transfer the tools from one man to another by throwing. Instead hand them over

in a safe way.

2. Tools should be used only for the purpose for which they are designed and should be

inspected periodically for defects. Return defective tools to tool room for repairs.

Redeploy such defective tools only after the repairs are done to eliminate the defects in

totality.

3. Provide a fitness tag with date of checking on tools after each inspection.

4. Tools having burns, cracks, mushroomed heads, and broken, loose or splintered handle

must not be used. Return such tools to tool room.

5. Always use a holderwith a chisel or drill when sledging.

6. No edged or pointed tools shall be carried in pockets or belt, or transported unless they

are fully protected.

7. A screw driver should not be used as a chisel or lever.

8. When using screw driver do not hold material in hand.9. Electrician should use tools with only insulated handles.

10. Non-sparking tools shall be used, wherever explosive or flammable material is present.

11. When handling springs or cutting wires or material under tension, use caution to prevent

its flying back or springing.

12. Do not leave tools hanging on platform, pipes, and work tables or on the machinery

which on falling may cause injury.

13. Take care and avoid using tools which do not have handle. As they may cause injury.

14. Ensure to use tools such as grinding machines with proper safety guard in place.

15. Electrically operated hand tools such as drilling machines, grinding machines should be

used only with three pin plugs and sockets with proper earthings.

16. Electrical cable used in hand tool should be of rated capacity and as far as possible joint

free.

17. Ensure use of proper hand gloves, face shields, goggles etc. based on the tools to be

used.

18. Do not use over size spanners with packing for tightening nuts or bolts.


15/41

15

SAFETY IN USE OF CRANES AND EXCAVATION MACHINES

HAZARDS

Capsizing / Toppling

Collapse / Failure of boom.Object falling from height

Swinging / Load hitting adjacent structure



PRECAUTIONS

1. Crane shall be stationed for operation only on firm ground. Tyre mounted Hydrauliccrane with telescopic boom must be leveled on out riggers and load of crane must be on

out riggers and not on tyres.

2. All mobile cranes shall meet the Motor Vehicle Act and other statutory requirements, and

be operated by experienced and licensed operators having valid license only.

3. All mobile cranes must have Load Chart, Angle Indicator, Level Indicator, Safe Load

Indicator, and Boom Back Stop.

4. A crane should never be overloaded beyond 85% of its rated capacity

5. Do not carry loads above people / no one must walk under a suspended load. Load

movement are must be cordoned off / barricaded & entry restricted.

6. No person is allowed to ride on loads being carried.

7. Never use crane for side pulls.8. The operator should not leave his position at the control while the load is suspended and

till the load is released & there is no load on the crane hook.

9. Only authorized persons shall make sling hitches and give signals for operation.

10. Ensure a tag line or a guide rope/s held by an experienced person / s in case of a freely

swinging load.

11. All exposed moving parts shall be adequately guarded, and the crane must be provided

with automatic braking device in case of power failure. Load exceeding 75% of the crane

capacity or load lifted above a building or a structure, and load being lifted by 2 cranes is

considered Critical Load. Lifting of all such loads shall be approved by a team

comprising Contract Administrator, Construction Manager and Crane Inspector.12. Due permission must be obtained if the crane is to be operated in the vicinity of electrical

lines, and proper clearances maintained.

13. Before commencing travelling or when the hook approaches near or over personnel,

warning signal should be sounded.

14. When work is stopped crane should be kept in parking position and ignition key in

possession of authorized operator. Under no circumstances key should be made


16/41

16

available to the cleaner of crane. In case of hydraulic operated telescopic boom must be

totally taken in and made horizontal and hook for any crane should not be allowed to

swing the hook must be anchored to crane body).

15. Crane to be deployed must be with latest valid load test certif icate issued by

Government approved Competent Person and condition of all parts such as , drum, wire

ropes, hook, brake for drum, pulleys, boom, hydraulic system including pumps, locks etc.must be duly certified by Government approved Competent Person.

Excavation Machines

16. Tyre mounted cranes shall be equipped with outriggers to properly stabilize the crane

while operating.

17. On all mobile cranes the hoist and boom drums shall be provided with pawl or dog

(without counter weight) in addition to the brake to hold the load and the boom whensuspended.

18. The operator shall not leave the cab while master clutch is engaged.

19. Cranes or shovels setting on steep slopes / grades shall be securely blocked or secured

with a tail hold.

20. In addition to the qualified / experienced operator, there shall be another crew as an oiler

/ rigger / signaler to guide the operator when his vision is obscured / impaired, and be

available as a second person required skill if and when need arises during any

emergency.

21. Control handles, levers and switches shall be marked to show their functions and how

they should be operated, and shall be designed such that they cannot be operatedaccidentally.

22. Where ground is soft or uneven, timbering and planking shall be used to provide firm

foundation and distribution of the load.

23. All persons shall keep away from the shovels swing and shall not be permitted to stand

at the back of the shovel or in line with the swing of the dipper during operation or

movement of the shovel.

24. Unauthorized persons shall not be allowed on the shovel nor shall the operator engage

himself in conversation with anyone while operating the machine.

25. The shovel dipper shall rest on ground or on blocking during shutdown periods.


17/41

17

Hand Signals for Overhead Cranes


18/41

18

Hand Signal for Mobile Cranes


19/41

19

Hand Signals


20/41

20

SAFETY IN MATERIAL HANDLING

HAZARDS

Object falling from heightSwinging / Load hitting adjacent structure



PRECAUTIONS

1. Every machine and tackle should bear following marking:

Identification mark or number ( related to the test certificate)

Safe Working LoadDate of proof load test (Stamping).

2. It should be ensured that the load is safe and when slung, is as secure in the air as it

was on the ground.

3. The weight of the load must not exceed the safe working load of the slinging gear

4. The load must be contained or held securely by the slinging gear.

5. The load must to so slung that it will not suffer collapse, changes of form or posture or

internal displacement when subjected to jerk, swings and bumps after the initial

tightening.

6. The load must not damage or be damaged by the slinging gear.

7. The slinging method should be suitable for the type of load to be lifted having adequate

means of attachment to the load and the lifting appliances.8. Never use a sling that has stretched or a hook that has begun to straighten. Take

defective equipment out of service.

9. Load compress gas cylinders only in a cradle or similar device.

10. While hooking or unhooking load, keep hand out of pinch point. Use hand hooks

wherever possible.

11. Do not drag, throw or drop the slings

12. When releasing the slings, make sure that they are entirely free from load.

13. Never walk under the load or permit others to do so.

14. Use standard signal, make sure the load is safe and warn everyone to stay well out of

the way in case the load would swing or fall.


21/41

21

SAFE WORKING LOADS OF VARIOUS ROPES

TYPES NYLON POLYESTER POLYPROPYLENE

FACTOR OF

SAFETY

9 9 6

DIAMETER WT. PER S.W.L.

METER

WT. PER S.W.L.

METER

WT. PER S.W.L.

METER

INCH MM KG KG KG KG KG KG

3/16 4.7

1/4 6.4

5/16 7.9

3/8 9.5

7/16 11.1

1/2 12.79/16 14.3

5/8 15.9

3/4 19.0

13/16 20.6

0.01 50

0.02 80

0.04 125

0.05 185

0.07 250

0.10 3200.12 400

0.16 520

0.22 715

0.25 855

0.02 50

0.03 60

0.05 125

0.07 185

0.09 250

0.12 3200.15 400

0.19 500

0.26 630

0.31 780

0.01 60

0.02 90

0.03 140

0.04 200

0.06 260

0.07 3150.09 385

0.11 465

0.16 640

0.19 745

7/8 22.2

1 25.4

1 1/16 27.0

1 1/8 28.6

1 1/4 31.8

1 5/16 33.3

1 1/2 38.1

1 5/8 41.3

0.30 1005

0.39 1260

0.43 1450

0.51 1660

0.60 1890

0.67 2165

0.82 2670

1.01 3275

0.37 905

0.45 1105

0.51 1285

0.59 1485

0.69 1670

0.78 1890

0.99 2355

1.22 2870

0.22 865

0.27 1055

0.30 1205

0.35 1380

0.40 1585

0.45 1775

0.57 2245

0.71 2720

1 3/4 44.5

2 50.8

2 1/8 54.0

2 1/4 57.2

1.23 3930

1.41 4635

1.62 5340

1.92 6300

1.46 3415

1.76 4030

2.00 4735

2.34 5390

0.85 3250

1.03 3930

1.19 4610

1.37 5215


22/41

22

SAFE WORKING LOADS OF VARIOUS ROPES

TYPES HIGH DENSITYPOLYTHYLENE

3 STRAND FIBRE ROPE WIRE ROPE(6*37) FIBRE

CORE

MANILA SISAL

FACTOR OF

SAFETY

9 5 5 8

DIAMETER WT. PER

S.W.L.

METER

WT.PER S.W.L.

METER

WT.PER S.W.L.

METER

WT. PER S.W.L.

METER

INCH MM KG KG KG KG KG KG KG KG

3/16 4.7

1/4 6.4

5/16 7.9

3/8 9.5

7/16 11.1

1/2 12.7

9/16 14.3

5/8 15.9

3/4 19.0

13/16 20.6

7/8 22.2

- -

0.020 66

0.029 100

0.05 150

- -

0.071 200

0.10 300

0.125 367

0.16 500

0.20 600

0.24 700

- -

0.03 50

- -

0.06 120

- -

0.11 240

- -

0.20 395

0.25 490

- -

0.34 695

- -

0.03 40

- -

0.06 95

- -

0.11 190

- -

0.20 315

0.25 390

- -

0.34 590

- -

- -

- -

0.33 575

0.45 775

0.60 1010

0.74 1285

0.92 1528

1.32 2285

1.58 2675

1.88 3075

1 25.4

1 1/16 27.0

1 1/8 28.6

1 1/4 31.8

1 5/16 33.3

1 1/2 38.1

1 5/8 41.3

1 3/4 44.5

- -

- -

0.38 1080

0.50 1415

0.58 1580

0.77 1915

0.83 2080

- -

0.40 815

- -

0.54 1085

0.62 1220

- -

0.89 1675

1.10 2040

1.13 2400

0.40 650

- -

0.54 870

0.62 970

- -

0.89 1340

1.10 1630

1.13 1920

2.37 4060

- -

2.99 5075

3.69 6285

- -

5.32 9075

6.25 10660

7.24 12385

2 50.8

2 1/8 54.0

2 1/4 57.2

- -

- -

- -

1.60 2810

1.86 3265

2.17 3715

1.60 2245

1.86 2610

2.17 2975

9.46 16135

10.68 18285

11.98 20450


23/41

23

SAFE WORKING LOAD OF 2 LEG SLING AT VARIOUS ANGLES

Safe working

load of sling

marked on

sling 900legs

apart

Safe

working

load at 00

Safe working

load at 300

legs apart

Safe working

load at 600

legs apart

Safe working

load at 1200

legs apart

Test load to be

applied at 00

Tonnes Tonnes Tonnes Tonnes Tonnes Tonnes

1

2

3

5

1015

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

86

90

95

100

1.414

2.828

4.242

7.070

14.1421.21

28.28

35.35

42.42

49.49

56.56

63.63

70.70

77.77

84.84

91.91

98.98

106.05

113.12

120.19

127.26

134.33

141.40

1.365

2.730

4.095

6.820

13.65020.460

27.280

34.100

40.920

47.740

54.600

61.420

68.240

75.060

81.880

88.700

95.520

102.340

109.160

115.980

122.800

129.620

136.440

1.225

2.450

3.675

6.125

12.25018.375

24.500

30.625

36.750

42.875

49.000

55.125

61.250

67.375

73.500

79.625

89.750

91.875

98.00

104.125

110.250

116.375

122.500

0.707

1.414

2.121

3.535

7.07010.605

14.14

17.675

21.21

24.745

28.28

31.815

36.35

38.885

42.42

45.955

49.49

53.25

56.56

60.095

63.63

67.165

70.70

2.828

5.656

8.484

14.140

28.2842.42

56.56

70.70

84.84

98.98

113.12

127.26

141.40

155.54

169.68

183.82

197.96

212.10

226.24

240.38

254.52

268.66

282.80

P X Cos

450

P P x Cos

150

P x Cos

300

P x Cos

600


24/41

24

SAFETY IN GAS CUTTING AND WELDING OPERATIONS

HAZARDS

ElectrocutionFire and burns

Explosion.



PRECAUTIONS

1. Do not weld or burn on any container where flammable material are stored or explosive

gas accumulated inside.

2. Welder should use proper welding dress such as face shields or goggles, aprons, gloves

and gumboots.

3. Gas cylinder must be protected from heat, extreme weather conditions, falling or

damage of any kind.

4. Compressed air must not be used to blow or clean welding and cutting equipments as it

may carry moisture or oil.

5. Do not use electrical conduits as earth conductors.

6. All connection must be clamped or bolted securely and tight to avoid arching. Insulation

of leads must be checked and leaks rectified.

7. Welding cable or gas tubes must not be dragged or pulled along the floor. They must belifted to avoid damaged to them.

8. Whenever welding or cutting operation is done on elevated places, make sure that the

sparks do not fly or fall on equipment or material and cause fire. Provide a suitable

shield or screen to arrest the flying sparks.

9. Welding cable or gas tube must be protected from any damages due to contact with

sharp material or falling sparks.

10. Gas tubes must be frequently inspected for deterioration or leak, as such leaks tend to

fire or explosion risks.

11. Goggles or welding screen must be used while chipping & grinding. Brush must be used

for cleaning welding metal.

12. Ensure use of proper keys for opeming / closing valves of gas cylinders.

13. Do not role gas cylinders. Keep Gas Cylinders in up right condition mounted on trolleys

& properly chained.

14. Use proper friction gas lighter and do not use an electric arc.


25/41

25

SAFETY IN CONFINED SPACE WORKING

HAZARDS

Presence of toxic gases inside vessels or pipeline in harmful concentration.

Presence of explosive gases in the vessel or pipeline, which may cause an explosion

when heated or ignited.Danger of asphyxiation for want of oxygen for breathing and also by presence of rich

concentration of Nitrogen inside the vessel in case the vessel had been purged with

Nitrogen (inert gas).



PRECAUTIONS

1. Effectively isolate the equipment or pipeline from the process.

2. Pipeline connecting the piece of equipment or pipelines, to be closed with blank flanges.

Do not rely upon valves.

3. If it is practicable, one of the connecting pipe should be disconnected and the line part

suitably blanked

4. The valve and pipelines connecting the equipment should be tagged. The tags should

not be removed without approval of the person who had signed it.

5. The residual gas inside the equipment or pipeline should be vented to atmosphere at

safe location.

6. The equipment or pipe line should be purged with inert gas to remove all the hazardous

gases and should be vented at safe locations. The purging agents should be selectedafter taking hazard into consideration.

7. The gases coming out of the vessel or pipe line should be checked and analysed for the

concentration of hazardous gas. In case of vessel that had been purged with nitrogen, a

wash with air should be given. Nitrogen will not support life.

8. Proper ventilation must be provided to get minimum 19.5 % oxygen

9. Appropriate Personal Protective Equipment should be worn by the workers entering

vessels. Entry of personnel should not be permitted without checking concentration of

gas by using gas meter & safe removal of gas prior to permitting entry.

10. If fire hazards are present, suitable fire fighting appliances should be kept ready on the

spot.

11. Confined spaces include deep excavations, working in tunnels, working in pressure

parts, vessels, tanks entering through manholes, etc., where along with presence of

Oxygen, concentration levels of H2S, NO2, CO & CO2 are also important. When

working at such places .escape ladders or routes, life lines, dewatering arrangements,

sufficient lighting (24 Volts), communication (telephone lines) and ventilation are

essential as per site requirement. (Refer-Safety in Tunnelling)


26/41

26

SAFETY IN TUNNELLING

HAZARDS

Rock falls.

Foul gases.

Failure of mechanical equipments.

Electrical shocks.

Poor lighting.

Handling of explosives etc.

Absence of contingency plans.



PRECAUTIONS

1. Ensure that workers engaged in tunnelling use required PPE and protection clothing

preferably high visibility clothing.

2. Ensure to practice work permit system in respect of tunnelling work since this is a

confined space working. Nobody shall be permitted to enter the tunnel without obtaining

valid work permit. It is advisable not to ever enter a tunnel alone and without a proper

two way communication system.

3. Ensure that tunnelling work is started and continuously monitored under supervision of a

competent supervisor

4. Ensure use of only proper, suitable, sound, free from parent defects, having adequate

strength material for shoring, bracing and supporting work which shall be properly,adequately, firmly secured using wages, props etc and extended up to the bottom of the

tunnelling. These shall be regularly inspected and maintained.

5. Ensure safe access to reach safe place in the event of flooding.

6. Ensure proper barricading of the entire tunnelling area at least 1 m high along with

specific symbols, boards (placards) flags, warning notices and red danger lights

clearly displayed.

7. Ensure to periodically inspect the tunnel, preferably once in a week to identify any weak

rock zone or deterioration of any rock already exposed. Identified weak rock shall be

given necessary treatment such as rock bolts, shotcrete, temporary support or

permanent support as per the requirement.

8. Ensure to safeguard against foul gases resulting either from blasting or from geology of

rock by way of designing proper ventilation system.

9. Ensure to maintain atmosphere inside the tunnel to have oxygen not less than 19.5%,

carbon monoxide not more than 0.005%, carbon dioxide not more than 0.5%, other

gases such as nitrogen fumes, methane, hydrogen sulphide etc within specified limits.


27/41

27

Ensure to have necessary instruments available at the site to detect and monitor on daily

basis %ages of methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide etc.

10. Ensure availability of sufficient numbers of oxygen breathing apparatus at the site.

11. Ensure to use wet drilling to minimise the dust generation.

12. Ensure to use only electrical battery operated ( preferably 24 volts) or pneumatic

equipments inside the tunnel.13. Ensure to routinely check and inspect all mechanical equipment physically as well as for

performance and maintain a log book.

14. Ensure that all the electrical equipment are properly earthed and that there are no loose

contacts, loose connections anywhere in the electrical circuit so as to avoid sparking.

15. Ensure that all electrical installations are inspected, tested and maintained by qualified

and experienced electricians.

16. Ensure to use low voltage lighting system in the tunnelling work, preferably 110V to

avoid and at least minimise fatal shocks. Hand lamps and small hand tools shall be of

24V rating.

17. Ensure proper and adequate design of lighting system to have minimum level of 100 lux

illumination at working points and minimum 50 lux in the general area.

18. Ensure to protect all light fittings against excess water. Ensure to check, clean and

maintain lighting installations regularly.

19. Ensure to set up before hand the procedure to be followed in the event of misfire. In

India refer to IS: 4081 and Indian Mines Regulation in the event of any doubt.

20. Ensure to have a qualified safety engineer available at the site on permanent rolls. The

safety engineer shall have duly prepared contingency plans for evacuation in the event

of accidents.

21. Ensuring availability of properly installed and maintained communication system.

22. The safety engineer shall also ensure that emergency contact numbers, rescue

procedures are prominently displayed for general public knowledge as well first aid, fireextinguishers, breathing apparatus, emergency lights and communication systems are

easily and readily available. Safety engineer shall also ensure general safety of men and

machinery. It shall be ensured to have different paths for vehicles and pedestrians.

23. Ensure to provide sufficient ventilation as designed and if required ensure to provide

proper exhaust.

24. Ensure use of proper working platforms with toe guards hand railing etc complete,

ladders firmly secured tied with ropes etc for doing the tunnelling job where required.

25. Ensure to use only low pollution explosives.

26. Do not permit any one to tamper with any service lines ( electrical cables, telephone

cables, water pipes, sewage pipes etc.) encountered during tunnelling; immediately

bring to the notice of the concerned supervisor and resume work upon clearance from

concerned department post inspection.


28/41

28

SAFETY ON ROADS

HAZARDS

Hitting objectSkidding

Colliding



PRECAUTIONS

1. Always keep all relevant papers and show on demand driving license, registration,

insurance, entry pass, road permit, vehicle fitness, emission certificate, etc.2. Follow all safety rules.3. Clear and unobstructed access / approach roads, unidirectional traffic, speed limit

boards, and designated parking places should be ensured.4. Provide road safety caution boards at site as per road safety rule5. Registration number plate should be in accordance with motor vehicle rules.6. Keep the vehicle in excellent running condition. Check fitness and road worthiness of the

vehicle before taking on road.7. Give proper signal while turning and slowing down.8. Drive within specified speed limit. At site maintain speed limit as 10-15 Km/hr.9. Do not use mobile phone while driving.10. Always keep left and give signal while changing lane.

11. Keep safe distance from the vehicle ahead.12. Do not overtake from left.13. Do not park in No Parkingarea.14. Do not drive in alcoholic condition or under influence of drug.15. Before driving ensure that no one is under or very near to the vehicle.16. Do not drive during no entry / safety timing.17. Do not load the vehicle beyond capacity. Do not load vehicles resulting in overhangs /

projections etc.18. Ensure no dust flying, solid particles / lumps falling and liquid spills on the road.19. Do not allow any person on the deck.20. Helper must be there to give signal while reversing. Reverse horn should be ensured to

be in working order.

21. Maintain steady driving, do not change lane or overtake.22. Do not drive Two Wheeler without crash helmet.23. Drive Four Wheeler using safety belt.


29/41

29

SAFETY IN HOUSEKEEPING

HAZARDS

Trips, slips and falls

Cuts and other injuriesFire & explosion



PRECAUTIONS

1. Awareness of cleanliness, timely clearances of rubbish such as piles of bricks, wood,paper, rags, oil / water spillages, compressed gas leakage sealing and availability of

scaffoldings, ladders, oxygen cylinders and protective equipment such as oxygenmasks would lead to good housekeeping and prevention of accident.

2. Sizes and allocation of the specific areas are to be finalized depending upon quantity andthe nature of the material to be handled, such as radiation prone, inflammable, toxic,explosive, detonable etc. need to be identified.

3. Non smoking zones required in respect of material like methanol, petrol, diesel etc4. Provision of covered dust bins, drums etc at various locations and rubbish dumps

clearing from time to time are to be ensured. Trips, slips and falls account for one of themajor reasons for accidents on a construction site, and most of these are caused byrubbish and waste material or badly stacked materials. Timbers left lying around withprotruding nails can penetrate even safety boots. Rubbish build is also a cause of fire dueto carelessly thrown cigarette buts or from gas cutting / welding spatters / spark.

5. Papers, wood off cuts, straw packing, electrical off cuts are causes for fire and trippinghazards. Material badly stacked can collapse, get damaged and injure people

6. Solution to all these is good housekeeping. Spending half an hour daily at the end of theday or major breaks would be a good idea to keep the site tidy.

7. Adequate storage areas for all material, equipment including for but not restricted toexplosives, radiation equipment, detonators, inflammables, compressed gas cylinders,reinforcement steel, cement, water for drinking as well as construction use,consumables, tools and tackles, equipment to be received and erected, wooden planks/ blocks, winches, cranes, derricks, hoists, chain pulley blocks, pipes, fittings, Max-pullers, wire ropes, manila ropes, nylon ropes etc should be ensured.

8. Food wastes must not be thrown on ground or this will invite vermin, rats, cockroaches,and the associated problems / diseases. Put them in trash skips or waste burning pits.

9. Site is to be prevented from fouling by making provisions and proper use of toiletfacilities.

10. Adequate provision for fire fighting system inclusive of fire water pumps, hydrants,nozzles, hoses, sprinklers, various types of fire fighting extinguishers, water and sandbuckets should be ensured at various locations.

11. Adequate lighting, illumination in the work site should be ensured, which is also astatutory requirement.


30/41

30

FIRE PREVENTION

HAZARDS

1. Fire and explosion



PRECAUTIONS

Cause of fire

For any fire to take place, three basic things have to be present inflammable material (in

solid, liquid or gaseous form), source of ignition and oxygen. If one of the three is cut off,

the fire cannot take place. After the fire has broken out, to extinguish the same at least oneof the above three is to be cut off.

General guidelines

Fire results from a combination of fuel, heat and oxygen. When the combustible /

inflammable substance / fuel is brought to its ignition temperature, due to availability of

ignition source / heat / sparks in presence of oxygen ( which is necessary to sustain /

continue combustion ) it will burn. Oxygen / air is always available in atmospheric

condition. Therefore, to prevent fire from bursting out, it is essential to ensure that

inflammable material is kept away from source of ignition / heat.

Following are few of the common reasons giving rise to fire:

Abuse / misuse of electrical tools.

Abuse and or misuse of electrical tools can lead to igniting created piled up rubbish such asspilt over oils, waste paper, rags, wood, cloth etc. which remain as inflammable materialdue to failure in timely disposal

Smoking in prohibited areas.

Use of torches / naked flame, lighters, match-sticks and open lights or spark producing

tools, welding arc / gas cutting set is being used to light cigarette in the vicinity of

inflammable substances can lead to fire hazard and in particular in prohibited havinginflammable substance.

As such, to prevent occurrence of fire, the above should be strictly prohibited. Prevention is

always better than cure.


31/41

31

Classification of fuels

Sl.

No.

Class Type of fuel Example

1 A- Solid Fuel which is Solid in state on

burning they leave Carbon as

residue.

Wood, Paper, Cotton, Charcoal,

etc.

2 B- Liquid Flammable material which

are in liquid state.

Petroleum products , Diesel, Paint,

Spirit, etc.

3 C- Gases Fuels which are in gaseous

state.

LPG, acetylene, Methane, Butane,

etc.

4 D- Metals Metals which can burn Sodium, Potassium, magnesium,

etc.

5. E- Electrical Flammable material PVC, rubber etc.

Application of fire extinguishing agent

Sl.

N0.

Extinguishing -agent Class of Fire

A B C D E

1 Water Yes No No No No

2 Sand Yes No Yes Yes Yes

3 WaterCO2 Yes No No No No

4 Foam Yes Yes No No No

5 Dry Chem. Powder No Yes Yes No No

6 Special DCP No No No Yes Yes

7 CO2 No Yes Yes No No


32/41

32

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

The selection of PPE depends up on the nature and severity of the hazard, type and

concentration of contamination, duration of work and limitation of the equipment.

TYPE OF PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

1. NON-RESPIRATAORY PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENTI. Head protection

Hazards : Object falling, striking against object, heat spark etc.Equipment : Heavy duty helmet, light duty helmet.

II. Eye and Face protectionHazards : Dust splashes of liquid, flying particles, welding lightEquipment : Safety spectacles, safety goggles, face shields, welding helmets

etc.III. Ear protection

Hazards : Hearing impairment or deafness, loss of efficiency, etc.Equipment : Where noise level exceeds 80 db, the use of ear protection like

Ear plug, Ear muff, Cotton-wax clad ear plug is obligatory.IV. Hand protection

Hazards : Materials having sharp end, sharp edges, hot metal, chemical,corrosive etc. electrical current

Equipment : Gloves, hand pads, finger guards.V. Foot and leg protection

Hazards : Hit by falling articles, contact with chemical, corrosive liquid etc.fault current earthed through body

Equipment : Safety shoes, gumboot, etc. with insulated rubber sole andmetallic toe cap.

VI. Body protectionHazards : Molten metal, flying particles, heat source, etc.

Equipment : Coats, aprons, head to toe protection, etc.VII. Safety belts

Hazards : Falling from height.Equipment : Safety belts.

2. RESPIRATAORY PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENTHazards : a. Oxygen deficiency.

b. Gaseous contamination.I. Immediate danger to life.II. No-immediate danger to life.III. Particulate contaminants

c. Combination of gaseous & particulate matter.

Protective Equipment

A. Supplied air : I. Air line mask, with blower.II. Self contained breathing apparatus.

B. Air purifying : I. Chemical filter (Canister gas mask, Chemical cartridgeand Self rescue type)

II. Mechanical filters (Nuisance dusts & Micro filter)III. Combination of chemical and mechanical filters.


33/41

33

FIRST-AID AND EMERGENCY PLAN

Firstaid accomplishes two important things:1. Making patient more comfortable2. Reduces the chances of further injury either from loss of blood or the danger of unnecessary

movement.What to do first

Take charge of the situation. Be tactful but firm. Call ambulance as early as possible

Keep calm do & what must be done as promptly as possible.In case of bleeding

Tell patient that he IS going to get better.

Give him rest, and assurance.

Apply a dressing with pad if necessary and bandage firmly.

Provide treatment of wound with severe bleeding.

Clean the wound with antiseptic solution.

Try to stop bleeding.

Rush the patient to medical center or hospital.

Use tourniquet, if direct pressure on bleeding point does not stop bleeding.In case of fractures

Make the patient comfortable.

Keep support or immobilize the affected part up to joints or both ends using splints or anyother material.

Never attempt to bring the bones to normal position.

Check bandage every five minutes to make sure that they are not too tight & do notresult in stopping blood circulation / supply.

Transport the casualty very gently especially if you suspect backbone injury.

Rush the patient to medical center or hospital.In case of burns

If cloth catches fire wrap rug, blanket or coat around the person firmly. Do not allow himto run in panic as movement fans flames.

Lay the person on soft covering, with head low and cover with blanket. Loosen clothing,raise feet about 8 by propping up one end of bed. Never remove clothing unless it issoaked with corrosive liquid or petrol.

Place burned part under slow running water or immerse in cold water.

Cover burn with clean and dry cloth.

Do not apply any antiseptic cream or lotion.

Rush the patient to medical center or hospital.In case of electric shock

Switch off current, if this cannot be done remove supply from victim with the help of woodor non conductive material, like hokey, walking stick, dry cloth etc.

If victim is cold, clammy, breathing is shallow and pulse is rapid and weak, then give himreassurance. Make him comfortable.

If victim has stopped breathing, start artificial respiration immediately.

Get medical help.In case of emergency

Know about site emergency plan where you are working.

Act as per site emergency plan.


34/41

34

If you are member of any team report to your team leader in emergency.

Do not create panic.

Reach to assembly point at the earliest.

Do not give any instruction to anybody unless you are assigned with such responsibility in

the emergency plan.

Sound a siren in case of fire.

Dos and Donts

While using portable grinder

Dos

1. Do check all wheels for other cracks or other damage before mounting.

2. Do check machine speed against approved operating speed of the wheel.

3. Do make sure that wheel hole, (threaded or unthreaded), fits machine arbor / spindleproperly and flange are clean flat and of proper type for the wheel you are using.

4. Do run wheel in protected area for one minute before grinding.

5. Do use the wheel guard furnished with machine.

6. Do always wear protective safety glasses or face shield.

7. Use blotters provide with the wheel.

8. Use proper three pin plug & socket.

9. Use hand gloves of appropriate type.

Donts

1. Dont use wheels which have been dropped or otherwise damaged.

2. Dont use a grinding wheel that has rated speed less than speed of grinder.

3. Dontuse excessive pressure when mounting wheel between flanges. Tighten nut only

enough to hold wheel firmly.

4. Donthandle machine carelessly.

5. Dontmount more than on a wheel on a single arbor.


35/41

35

SAFETY AUDIT

FREQUENCY OF AUDIT

1. Once in every two months with questionnaire



Safety audit is a technique to systematically evaluate & appraise the effectiveness of a safety

program under execution. This helps to improve and upgrade the existing safety program.

Safety audit is a methodology to critically evaluate safety program and performance in terms of

accident frequency, severity rates, identification and control of hazards and assessment of

financial losses on account of bad performance. Safety audit can also be categorized as basic

audit, self audit and professional audit. Basic audit means ensuring that all basic elements of the

safety program are implemented including analysis of qualitative, quantitative, setup, procedures

and controls, hazard identification education, training and maintenance of relevant records. Self

audit involves analysis of elements such as leadership and administration, training, inspection

procedures, inventory and job analysis of critical jobs, investigations of accidents / incidents,

emergency preparedness, rules and regulations, group safety meetings and communication,

community education and demonstration.

Safety audit, both basic and self, should be conducted in-house by safety personnel on regular

basis in order to assess the site situation, to facilitate taking corrective action / remedial

measures and learning to ensure safe working conditions, to exhibit management care and

concern about the work force, and to keep their morale high.


36/41

36

MEASUREMENT OF SAFETY PERFORMANCE

Safety performance of site is measured to improve processes and procedures being practiced at

site. Following two methods have been adopted.

DuPont Method

The Site should be audited on daily basis, maintaining an element of surprise, to assess the

unsafe conditions and unsafe acts the prime factors responsible for causing accidents /

incidents / near misses. The audit observations could be categorized, as explained above under

the heading - observations, and assigned severity rating on 1 to 5 scales on the following

pattern depending upon the severity -1 being minor and 5 posing fatality potential

(Alternatively it could be Safety index from 1-5 with sites/ work places with Safety Index as one

being Most Unsafe and 5 being Most Safe).

Severity Rating 1: Untidy area, minor issues.

Severity Rating 2: Restricted access, littered scrap / trash, and disorderliness.

Severity Rating 3: Violations of Rules and Procedurespotential injury.

Severity Rating 4: Unsafe conditions serious injury potential take prompt

action

Severity Rating 5: Immediate serious injury potentialstop activity immediately and correct

A Severity Index (SI) of 2.2 or lower shall be targeted to ensure safe working. Maximum of the

weeks SI should be reported on weekly basis for review. Depending upon the size, the site may

be divided into zones, and responsibility assigned to a senior person for each zone. In case of

higher than 2.5 SI found during the audit, all activities of the site/zone should be stopped and

corrective action taken before restarting the work.


37/41

37

Sum of violations XTheir respective severity rating

Severity Index (SI)=

Total no. of violations observed during the audit

The audit process shall also provide coverage to compliance to safety standards, good

citizens(clothing & PPE compliance and no act violation),quality of safe work procedures, and

awareness of safety standards and rules; aim / target 98 100 % for compliance to safety

standards and good citizens, and 4.95 for the rest on 1 to 5 scale.

A simple guide for site work execution could be

100 % compliance to safety standards.

100 % good citizens

Severity index 2.2

No incidents

As described earlier, the objective of safety observations and audit is to improve the safety

performance. Some of the parameters against which this could be measured are as follows

- Lost work days

- Total injury rates

- Reduction in cost of equipment damage, insurance premium, and

compensation.

- Attendance at safety meetings

- Completion of training

- Increase in strength of knowledgeable and skilled employees

- Increase in employees involvement and cooperation

- Reassured full work force with high morale


38/41

38

Site Safety Index

Audit is conducted and a radar chart is prepared based on the following criteria

0 1 2 3 4 5

House-

keeping

Materials

are

scattered,No clear

area,

haphazard,

personnel

are not

aware,

repeated

finding.

Materials are

scattered,

No cleararea,

haphazard,

personnel

are not

aware

Awareness is

not available,

not clearlyidentified,

walkway clear.

Awareness

good, clear

identification,barricaded,

few material

not stacked

Awareness good,

Clearly identified

location for materialstorages,

barricaded, material

are stacked in its

place as per

standard, no

signage.

Clearly identified

location for material

storage, descriptionof materials to be

stored displayed,

100% material

stacked in its place

as per standard. All

employees are

aware of where to

keep what,

walkways are clearly

marked & kept clear

PTW

(Permit To

Work)

No PTW,

personnel

working

PTW written

but not

signed, not

understood

by supervisor

PTW written &

valid. Tool box

talk not done.

PTW written &

valid. Tool box

talk not done.

Not displayed.

PTW written & valid.

Tool box talk done.

Signed & displayed

but not closed.

PTW in place,

signed, displayed,

understood, being

followed, Closed.

JSA (Job

Safety

Analysis)

No JSA, No

details of

activity.

JSA written,

Not covering

all activity

being done,

Hazard

findings are

not adequate

JSA covers all

activities,

Hazards are

Identified

inadequate

JSA covers all

activities,

Hazards

adequately

identified,

Controls

inadequate,

Awareness

poor.

JSA covers all

activities, Hazards

are Identified

adequately,

recommendations

adequate,

Awareness need

improvement

JSA covers all

activities, Hazards

are adequately

identified,

recommendations

adequate, good

awareness.

Unsafe

Condition

> 10

findings

during walk

> 8 findings

during the

walk

> 6 findings

during the

walk

> 4 findings

during the

walk

> 2 findings during

the walk

No unsafe condition

Supervision No

supervisor

identified

and present.

Supervisor

identified but

not present .

Supervisor

present at

work, not

observing

details - too

many activities

Supervisor

present at

work,

observing,

conduct tool

box talk, Lack

of awareness

Supervisor present

at work, observing,

conducts tool box

and aware of

process. No

documents

Supervisor present

at work, observing,

conduct tool box

signature and aware

of process. Coaches

and mentors the

team

PPE

AdherenceUnsafe Act

> 5

violationsobserved

during walk,

No

awareness

of PPEs

> 5 violations

observedduring walk.

Personnel

are aware of

PPE

requirement

> 3 violations

observedduring walk,

Inadequacy in

documentation

PPE provided,

documentedbut not worn

by the

operators

PPE provided,

documented, Awarebut not followed as

an exception < 3

findings during walk

No violation seen,

properly assessedand documented


39/41

39

DISCLAIMER

IMPORTANT SAFETY TIPS FOR

CONSTRUCTION SITE ENLISTED IN THIS

COMPILATION ARE DRAWN BASED ON

THE FIELD EXPERIENCE AND EMANATE

FROM VARIOUS NATIONAL AND

INTERNATIONAL SAFETY RULES. THEY

ARE MERELY ILLUSTRATIVE IN NATURE.

FOR ENHANCED UNDERSTANDING OF

SAFETY REQUIREMENTS THE READERSMAY REFER TO THE RELEVANT

NATIONAL/INTERNATIONAL RULES.


40/41

40

HSE OBJECTIVES

Sr.

No.

Objective Targets

1 Fatality 0

2 Lost Time Injury 0

3 Incident Rate 0

4 Communication and adherenceto HSE Policy.

All Employees,all stakeholders

5 Site Safety Index > 4.2

6 Severity Index < 2.2

7 Site Safety Audit Every two months

8 Site Safety Inspection as

Checklist

Daily

EMERGENCY CONTACT NUMBERS:

Police Station:

Fire Station:

Ambulance:

Hospital:

Project Manager:

Site In-Charge:

CNBU Pune Office: 020 66216161


41/41

Safety Officer:

This SHE Handbook belongs to:

Name:

Employee Code No:

Confirm that I have read and studied the contents of this

handbook and have got clarifications from my SiteIn-Charge

regarding the part I did not understand. I will comply with all

safety rules and regulations and always use all applicable

Personal Protective Equipment.

I understand the Site Emergency and Site evacuation

procedures and will comply with it if such a Situation arises.

I will promote a safe working culture by my actions andbehavior at the site.

Signature:

Date:

Documents

Safety Pocket Manual-11