Introduction

Most accidents can be prevented by taking simple measures or

adopting proper working procedures. This handbook is intended to

outline important issues on safety and health that should be paid

attention to in constructing the batch project for easy reference by the

workers. If we work carefully and take appropriate safety measures,

there will definitely be fewer and even prevent any kind of work injury

cases, thus, the project area will become a safe and secure place to

work in.

What is Safety?

Safety is the state of being "safe", the condition of being protected

against physical, social, spiritual, financial, political, emotional,

occupational, psychological, educational or other types or

consequences of failure, damage, error, accidents, harm or any other

event which could be considered non-desirable. Safety can also be

defined to be the control of recognized hazards to achieve an

acceptable level of risk. This can take the form of being protected from

the event or from exposure to something that causes health or

economic losses. It can include protection of people or of possessions.

Purpose of Safety

The purpose of safety training is to provide the knowledge necessary

to perform a job safely by establishing expectations for workers on

how to perform job tasks. Knowledge acquired by participation in

training is one of the methods used to create an effective safety

culture. Failure to participate in mandatory safety training exposes the

individual to risk of injury. This not only impacts our ability to conduct

our mission, but it also places the college in a state of non-compliance

with various safety regulations

Benefits of Safety

Benefits of Safety

Accidents and ill-health cost businesses money, in lost time, lost skills,

insurance premium hikes, legal proceedings, etc. The benefits of

effective health and safety management to small businesses are very

significant. There is clear evidence that effective health and safety

management contributes directly to overall business success. This is

true across all industry sectors and amongst businesses of all shapes

and sizes.

Addressing health and safety should not be seen as a regulatory

burden: it offers significant opportunities. Benefits can include:

1. Reduced costs;

2. Reduced risks;

3. Lower worker absence and turnover rates;

4. Fewer accidents;

5. Lessened threat of legal action;

6. Improved standing among suppliers and partners;

7. Better reputation for corporate responsibility among investors ,

customers and communities;

8. Increased productivity, because workers are healthier,

happier and better motivated.

Personnel

The following are exclusive provisions of dissemination of authority

and duties. All personnel in the organizational chart including batch

involved shall carefully read, understand and adhere to the

implementation of authority of this safety manual and its personnel.

The project shall be in full administration of the Aeronautical

Engineering course chairperson. (Refer to Appendix A)

a. The Batch Project Adviser duly assigned by the course

chairperson. One or more advisers can be assigned based on

the discretion of the Aeronautical Engineering course

chairperson.

b. The Batch Project Head has the authority to the whole batch.

The batch project head must be fully aware of this safety

manual as well as the general guidelines in promoting the

safety of the whole batch. He is duly appointed by the

Aeronautical Engineering course chairperson. He has the

authority to choose the Department Heads. He shall hold

regular meetings for the whole batch to keep them informed

of the progress.

c. Each section of the 5th year must have a representative and

shall be appointed as the Assistant Batch Project Head.

Their primary duty is to substitute the Batch Project Head in

case his/her absence. However, if the manufacturing process

to be done can be considered critical, he cannot facilitate the

continuation of the project.

d. The Technical Department Head shall oversee the technical

aspect of the project. This includes the facilitation of the

technical papers, documentation, research papers, and

design of the overall project.

The Technical Department shall be composed of:

1. Documentation

2. Research

3. Design

e. The Manufacturing Department shall oversee the

manufacturing aspect of the project. This includes the actual

building, fabrication and assembly of the project. He must also

ensure that all the workers are properly wearing their own

Personal Protective Equipment before a job is done.

The Manufacturing Department shall be composed of:

1. Fabrication

2. Assembly

f. The Logistics Department shall oversee the purchasing,

delivery, ordering of shipments, acquisition of raw materials

and other supplies need to accomplish the project.

The Logistics Department shall be composed of:

1. Transportation

2. Purchasing

g. The Finance Department shall oversee the monetary aspect

of the project. This includes the collection of payments, proper

documentation and liquidation of the expenses and auditing.

They must submit and report financial status to the Course

Chairperson, Batch Project Adviser and Batch Project Head

as well as to the whole batch on their regular meetings.

The Finance Department shall be composed of:

1. Treasurer

2. Auditor

Definition of the Workplace

The portion of a work place that is restricted by the angles of sight, the

range of human movements and the posture assumed by the operator

while working.

Work areas are classified as optimum, convenient and critical with

respect to each other. The proper determination of a work area zone

is important requirement for the efficient organization of the workplace.

The following work places shall be determined, unless otherwise

allowed by the building administrator, course chairperson and faculty

adviser of the project, as the only areas where the batch project shall

be done:

a. Airframe Shop

b. Powerplant Shop

c. Rear part of the gym

Tools (DOs and DONTs)

1. Handsaw and Hacksaw

DOS DONTS

Wear a Safety Mask and

Goggles

Inspect Hand Saw before Every

Use

Check Material for Knots or

Nails

Start Slowly

Ensure that the Material is Kept

Firmly in Place

Use Full Length Strokes

Directed Away from Your Body,

Keep the floor in front of the saw

free of cut-offs and piled up

sawdust.

Position your body so that it is

NOT in line with the blade.

Never Test Sharpness with

Hands

Do not make free-hand cuts on

the table saw.

Do not wear gloves while

operating a table saw.

Do not carry on a conversation

while cutting.

2. Snips

DOS DONTS

Wear safety goggles when

using snips.

Be careful of the sharp edges

on the cutting edges of these

tools.

Wear gloves when working

with snips.

Use snips for cutting soft metal

only

Use the right size and type of

snips for the job on hand.

Never cut sheet metal that is

thicker than 0.062-inches.

Do not use "cheater bars" on

handles of snips.

Dont use snips as a hammer,

a screwdriver or a pry bar

Do not attempt to resharpen a

snip blade in a sharpening

device designed for scissors,

garden tools or cutlery

3. Hammer

DOS DONTS

Wear appropriate eye protection

since flying debris from shattered

materials can injure your eyes.

Check the hammer before use.

Get a firm grip on the handle

Hold the hammer at the end of

the handle.

Hit your surface squarely with

the hammer.

Use your whole arm and elbow.

Place your work against a hard

surface.

Work in a natural position.

Check before you swing.

Do not try to do hammering work

on carpet or other soft surfaces,

since it requires more energy.

Never leave hammers and other

tool strewn about in your work

area

Never use a light weight hammer

on tasks that require heavy

blows.

Never use a hammer with a split

or damaged handle.

Never use a hammer with a

loose handle.

4. Angle Grinder

DOS DONTS

Visually inspect the tool and all

wheels for possible damage

before mounting.

Always use a safety guard that

covers at least one-half of the

grinding wheel.

Wear safety goggles or some

sort of eye protection during

grinding.

Handle and store wheels

carefully. Avoid dropping or

bumping them.

Check the mounting flanges for

equal and correct diameter.

They should be at least one-

third the diameter of the wheel

and relieved around the hole.

Run a newly mounted wheel at

operating speed for at least one

minute before grinding.

Do not use a cracked wheel or

one that has been dropped or

damaged.

Do not force the wheel onto the

tool or alter the size of the

mounting hole. If it doesnt fit,

dont use it.

Do not exceed the maximum

operating speed specified by the

manufacturer.

Do not over tighten the

mounting nut.

Do not stand in front of the

grinding wheel when the grinder

is turned on.

Do not grind material that the

wheel is not intended to grind.

5. Bench Grinder

DOS DONTS

Use shield plates or other means

to protect operators from sparks.

Wear safety goggles, dust-proof

mask, and other necessary

protective gear during operation.

Use a grinding wheel cover which

covers at least one half of the

grinding wheel at all times.

Balance the wheel with balancing

weights.

Check that the outer diameters

and contact widths of the

mounting flanges are equal and

correct on the left and right sides.

Check that the maximum

operating speed and dimensions

are correct for the machine where

it will be used.

Do not use a grinding wheel that

was dropped or subjected to other

impact, or a grinding wheel where

any abnormality was found during

inspection.

When mounting onto the flanges,

do not over-tighten the nuts.

Do not use the side of the wheel

unless the wheel is specifically

designed for that purpose.

Do not start the machine before

the grinding wheel cover is

installed.

Do not use excessive force to

press the work piece against the

grinding wheel, or the grinding

wheel against the work piece.

Do not directly touch a rotating

grinding wheel with any part of

your body.

6. Arc Welder

DOS DONTS

Make sure the area is well

ventilated to prevent the

accumulation of toxic fumes or

gases.

Check for potential fire hazards.

Make sure there are no

combustible materials nearby.

Wear pants without cuffs; avoid

clothes and gloves with snags,

tears or worn spots

Wear a welding helmet

Wear a fire-resistant shirt,

coveralls, apron, pants and/or

chaps

Wear fire-resistant gloves

Wear a respirator

Wear goggles

Never weld directly on a wooden

floor. Wet down or protect any

flooring that could burn.

Never direct a torch toward

another person while it is being

lighted.

Never weld, cut or do related

work on drums, barrels or tanks.

They could explode.

Dont weld near rooms where

flammables are stored.

Don't Use equipment thats

defective or not in good repair.

Don't Weld with upturned

sleeves or collars because

sparks could get caught in them.

7. Electric / Pneumatic Drill

DOS DONTS

Always check for any

electricity cables running

through the wall before you

start drilling.

The drill bit will become hot

with use so keep your hands

off it.

Make sure you use the correct

drill bit for the type of wall you

are drilling into.

Always use a proper purpose

made extension cord if you

need a longer wire for your

drill and never pick the drill up

by its cord.

Always wear safety goggle

Never wear loose clothing or

dangling jewelry which could

catch in the drill as you lean

over it.

Never hold the drill bit while

the drill is spinning

Do not drop the drill as this

may damage it.

Do not use a drill bit that is not

designed for your specific

task

Personal Protective Equipment

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT LIST

Personal protective equipment, commonly referred to as "PPE", is

equipment worn to minimize exposure to a variety of hazards.

Examples of PPE include such items as gloves, foot and eye

protection, protective hearing devices (earplugs, muffs) hard hats,

respirators and full body suits.

PPE should always be worn when inside the workplace to avoid

injuries and fatalities when working on something. The following are

the basic PPEs that should always be present in every workplace:

A. EYE AND FACE PROTECTION

Types of eye/face hazards

Impact

Heat

Chemicals

Dust

Light and/or radiation

1. Safety Glasses

Personal Protective Equipment (Eye and face protection)

Much stronger and more resistant to impact and heat than

regular glasses

Equipped with side shields that give you protection from

hazards that may not be directly in front of you

Should fit comfortable on face through all job tasks. Ensure

that glasses are not too big or too tight.

Limitation: Does not seal around eyes, could allow small droplets to

come in contact with eyes

Note:

Ensure your safety glasses fit properly. Eye size, bridge size

and temple length all vary. Safety glasses should be

individually assigned and fitted.

Wear safety glasses so that the temples fit comfortably over

the ears. The frame should be as close to the face as possible

and adequately supported by the bridge of the nose.

2. Goggles

Surround eye area, they give you more protection in situations

where you might encounter splashing liquids, fumes, vapors ,

powders, dusts and mists

Limitation:

Uncomfortable to wear with other head gear like helmet, ear

muffs or respirator

3. Face Shields

Full face protection

Used around operations which expose you to molten metal,

chemical splashes or flying particles

Limitations:

Are not considered eye protection, will need to wear goggles

or glasses underneath

Can fog up if work ing in poorly ventilated area

4. Welding Helmets

Provide both face and eye protection

Use special absorptive lenses that filter the intense light and

radiant energy that is produced during welding operations

Limitations:

Heavy and hot, fog up

Must wear safety glasses or goggles underneath helmet

CARE FOR EYE AND FACE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT

Clean your eye protection equipment. You can usually use

mild soap and water. Never use abrasive soaps, rough

paper, or cloth towels

Keep PPE in good working condition. If damaged, replace as

soon as possible

Store your eye protection equipment in a sanitary, cool, dry

area away from moisture

Read the manufacturer's directions and warnings before

using any eye protection equipment

Contact Lenses: wear your contact lenses with caution if you work

in areas where you might be exposed to fumes, dusts, powders,

vapors, chemical splashes, molten metals, or intense heat, light or

glare. Some chemicals can react with contact lenses and cause

permanent injury.

B. HEAD PROTECTION

Types of head hazards

Impact

Electric shock

Drips

Personal Protective Equipment (Head protection)

1. Hard Hats

A rigid shell that resists and deflects blows to head

A suspension system inside that hat that acts as a shock

absorber

Some hats serve as an insulator against electrical shocks

Shields your scalp, face, and neck against splashes, spills

and drips

Proper use of hard hat

1. Always wear your hard hat while you are working in areas

where there are potential head hazards

2. Adjust the suspension inside you hard hat so that the hat sits

comfortably, but securely on your head

3. Inspect the shell of you hard hat for cracks, gouges, and

dents. Inspect the suspension system for frayed or broken

straps. If you hard hat needs to be repaired, have it repaired

immediately or provide a new one

4. Place plastic (non-metal) reflective tape on hat if working at

night

5. Never paint, scratch or drill air holes in your hard hat

6. Never carry persona belongings such as cigarettes, lighters,

or pens in your hard hat

C. HAND PROTECTION

Types of hand hazards:

Traumatic Injuries

Contact Injuries

Repetitive Motion Injuries

Personal Protective Equipment (Hand protection)

1. Gloves

It is important to wear gloves when working with hazardous chemicals

and other materials because they protect our hands from infection and

contamination. Protective gloves should be selected on the basis of

the hazards involved.

1.1. Leather gloves

Shields your hands from rough surfaces

These should be used when welding, as the leather can resist

sparks and moderate heat. The risk of cuts and abrasions also

can be minimized by wearing leather gloves.

1.2. Rubber Gloves

Protects you when working around electricity

Required when working in any kind of voltage application and

can prevent electrical shock, arc flash, and arc blast. These

items have been voltage rated and may offer some abrasion

resistance as well.

1.3. Vinyl Gloves

Protects your hands against toxic chemicals

Chemicals: hydraulic fluids, gasoline, alcohols and organic

acids

1.4 Heat-resistant Gloves

Protects your hands from heat and flames

Gloves offer superior protection to industrial processes that

may put a worker's hands near open flame or sparks. These

are usually less durable than firefighters gloves, but are also

subject to less labor. They provide additional puncture

resistance in industrial tasks.

1.5 Padded-cloth Gloves

Protects your hands from sharp edges, slivers, dirt and

vibration

These can keep hands clean and protect against abrasions,

but may not be strong enough to handle work with rough or

sharp materials.

D. FOOT PROTECTION

The human foot is rigid enough to support the weight of your entire

body, and yet flexible enough to allow you to run, dance, play sports,

and to take you anywhere you want to go. Without your feet and toes,

your ability to work at your job would be greatly reduced.

Types of Foot Hazards

Impact Injuries

Injuries from Spills and Splashes

Compression Injuries

Electrical Shocks

Extremes in Cold, Heat, and Moisture

Slipping

Personal Protective Equipment (Foot protection)

1.1 Steel toe footwear

Protects the foot from falling objects or compression, usually

combined with a mid-sole plate to protect against punctures

from below.

1.2 Nitrile footwear

resists animal fats, oils, and chemicals

resists chemicals and provides extra traction on slippery

surfaces

E. BODY PROTECTION

Types of body hazards:

Temperature stress

o Exposure to heat (hot metals) or cold (dry ice) which

results in burns

Chemical Contact

o Chemical splash

o Contact with potentially infectious materials

Radiation

Personal Protective Equipment (Body protection)

1. Apron and sleeves

Works well when pouring or manipulating chemical to reduce

splash

Make sure the sleeves and aprons are appropriate for the

chemical

SAFETY TIPS

Use the proper tool for the designated task.

Frequent use of inadequate or poorly designed equipment will eventually lead to health hazards.

Never carry/yank a tool by its cord or hose. Also be sure to keep these cords or hoses far from oil, heat, water, and

sharp edges.

Protect your ears and eyes from intense noises and

vibrations; opt for power tools with lower vibrations, muffled

noises, and longer trigger tools.

Ensure hand tools do not conduct heat or electricity.

Maintain good posture and balance the tools in correct alignment to your body at all times.

Keep other people well away from machine-operating areas. Consider investing on a construction safety program for your

employees.

Always be aware of your surroundings. Have a care for

overhead lines, obstructions, low clearances, underground

utilities, and other such obstacles that could prove to be a

nuisance or a lethal hazard.

Know, understand, and follow your workspaces comprehensive safety program issued for that specific

workspace, job position, and task at hand.

Dont use damaged tools; examine each one before its use to

ensure that it is in proper working condition. Maintain tools in

good, clean working order.

Schedule of Work

The Manufacturing Head together with the Fabrication and Assembly

Officers shall request approval of the tasks to be done ahead of time.

One or two weeks before a job is to be done, they shall submit it to the

batch project adviser for endorsement.

A task card must also be submitted with complete details of the work

subject for approval.

(Refer to Appendix B for a Task Card)

Requirements of Manpower

The batch project shall be done only in the presence of any of the

following officers:

a. Batch Project Adviser

b. Batch Project Head

c. Manufacturing Head

No work shall be done in the absence of the supervision of the officers .

The required number of students shall be determined by the

Manufacturing Head duly written in the Task Card.

(Refer to Appendix B for a Task Card)

DURING THE JOB

Presence of Instructor / Batch Project Head / Manufacturing

Department Head

Safety Procedures on How to Use Specific Equipment

Safety Procedures on How to Use or Wear PPE

Horseplay

Horseplay is rough or boisterous play or pranks that occur at the

workplace. Horseplay can be activities such as joking that includes

physical contact, playing around, racing, grabbing, foolish vehicle

operation, and social pressure to participate in unsafe acts,

harassment, and unauthorized contests. There is probably at least

one on every job - the practical joker - the smart aleck who likes to

make a bid for laughs and attention by playing jokes on fellow workers.

Playing jokes and having fun with your co-workers may break up the

day and make work more interesting, but it can lead to serious injuries

and sometimes be deadly.

Workplace Rules Ban Horseplay because its Dangerous

A. Horseplay is usually a friendly, physical way to let off steam.

But that type of fooling around is dangerous on the job

because:

1. When youre fooling around, youre not concentrating on

your work.

2. Directing your horseplay at others is even more

dangerous. Theyre not expecting the distraction and

could easily have an accident such as falling into a

moving machine part, slipping on the floor, dropping a

tool, etc.

3. Giving less than full concentration and attention to safety

procedures makes you less likely to notice or account for

hazards until it may be too late.

4. Most accidents are caused by unsafe actsand

horseplay itself is an unsafe act.

Horseplay Creates Unnecessary Risks

A. You can prevent most workplace accidents by being alert to

hazards and following safety rules. You cant do either when

you indulge in horseplay. That creates risks. For example:

1. Running, chasing, or pushing can cause slips, trips, falls,

and other accidents. You may:

a. Not notice spills or items lying on the floor

b. Lose your footing

c. Crash into, or push someone else into, heavy

equipment or moving parts

d. Knock boxes or materials on to a person

e. Knock over open containers of hazardous substances

2. Throwing tools is a frequent cause of injuries. They may:

a. Stab someone with a sharp edge.

b. Hit someone in the head, eye, foot, etc., and cause

an injury.

c. Bounce off a wall, table, or other surface and hit

someone.

d. Fall from a height and hit a person below with

tremendous impact.

Take Your Job, Your Responsibilities, and Safety Seriously

A. Youre responsible for performing your job safely.

1. Safety rules and procedures are designed to protect you.

2. Everyone must follow safety rules.

a. Failure to follow the rules is dangerousfor you and

for others.

b. Horseplay and other safety rule violations can lead to

disciplinary action.

3. Dont indulge in horseplay or accuse those who wont go

along of having no sense of humor.

a. Think how bad you would feel if your

horseplay injured or sickened someone

else maybe seriously.

b. Think how foolish you would feel if with your

horseplay you injured or sickened yourself.

4. Dont allow other people to engage you in horseplay.

Types of Horseplay Risks

Running, chasing, pushing and things that can cause tripping, slipping, falling and

other accidents.

Not notice spills or items lying on the floor

Lose your footing

Crash into, or push someone else

into, heavy equipment or moving parts

Knock boxes or materials on to a

person

Knock over open containers of hazardous substances

Throwing or pointing tools

You may stab someone with a sharp edge.

Hit someone in the head, eye, foot,

etc., and cause an injury.

Bounce off a wall, table, or other surface and hit someone.

Fall from a height and hit a person

below with tremendous impact.

AFTER THE JOB

Cleaning the Workplace

The following are basic ways on how to clean the workplace (PATTS

facilities) after using it. It is imperative to leave the workplace in a

clean condition such that:

a. All the proper tools had been returned to their corresponding

areas.

b.

Infection control procedures relating to cleanliness in the workplace

include:

1. Regularly wash the floors and surfaces such as tables and

bench tops with hot water and detergent

2. Wash walls and ceilings periodically

3. Mops brushes and cloths should be thoroughly washed and

dried after every use. Drying mops and cloths is particularly

important.

4. Use disinfectants to clean up blood and other spills of bodily

fluids.

5. When using disinfectants always wear gloves, clean the

surface before using the disinfectant, and always follow the

manufacturers instructions exactly.

6. Spot clean when necessary

7. Dealing with spills of body fluids

Proper Waste Disposal

Procedures and requirements are different for hazardous

and extremely hazardous chemical waste.

Check the list of Known Hazardous and Extremely Hazardous

Wastes for your material.

(Refer to Appendix C)

A. Designate a hazardous waste storage area

1. Select an area that is:

Near where the waste is generated

Under the control of lab personnel Out of the way of normal lab activities

2. Label the area with a "Danger Hazardous Waste" sign.

3. Make the area easily accessible and recognizable to the

personnel working in the area.

B. Select compatible Containers

Chemical compatibility:

o Choose a container chemically compatible with the

material it will hold. Chemicals must not react with,

weaken, or dissolve the container or lid.

o Follow these basic compatibility guidelines:

o Acids or bases: Do not store in metal.

o Hydrofluoric acid: Do not store in glass.

o Gasoline (solvents): Do not store or

transport in lightweight polyethylene

containers such as milk jugs.

o Read Chemical Compatibility Guidelines for more

detailed information.

(See Appendix C)

Caps and closure:

o Use waste containers with leak-proof, screw-on

caps so contents can't leak if a container tips over.

Corks, parafilm, and beakers are NOT

ACCEPTABLE.

o If necessary, transfer waste material to a container

that can be securely closed. Label the new container.

o Keep waste containers closed except when adding

waste.

o Wipe down containers prior to your scheduled

collection date.

Size:

o Choose appropriately sized containers. Store smaller

quantities in smaller containers. It's not cost effect ive

to dispose of 50 milliliters of material in a 4 liter

container.

Secondary containment:

o ALWAYS place your container in a secondary

container to:

o Capture spills and leaks from the primary

container

o Segregate incompatible hazardous wastes,

such as acids and bases

C. Tag every waste container

Attach a completed hazardous waste tag to the

container before you begin using the container to accumulate

and store waste.

Cross out all other labels on the container. Do not obliterate

the original product label; waste technicians need to see what

the container held before it was designated as a waste

receptacle.

D. Liquid Waste Requirements

DO NOT OVERFILL liquid waste containers. Leave a sizable

amount of head space in the container to allow for expansion

and safe transportation 10% head space is a good rule

of thumb.

Do not mix solids with liquid waste . Containers found to

contain solids during processing by EH&S hazardous waste

technicians will be returned to the generator for separation.

See guidelines for solid chemical waste below.

Liquid-filled small containers such as vials and Eppendorf

tubes:

o Double-bag containers in clear plastic bags to allow

visual inspection

o Containers bagged together must contain liquids or

liquid mixtures with the same chemical constituents.

o Seal each bag individually.

o Accurately list the bag's contents and chemical

constituents on the hazardous waste tag.

Organic solvents:

o Halogenated and non-halogenated organic solvents

may be mixed together in the same waste container.

o Do not combine organic solvents with toxic metal

waste!

Oils:

o Accumulate recyclable oil separately from oils

contaminated with solvents, halogens, laboratory

chemicals, or fuels.

o Oils containing traces of mercury, lead, or other

regulated metals are excluded from the recycling

program.

E. Dry and Solid Waste Requirements

Chemically contaminated solid waste includes 3 categories that are

packaged differently for disposal: lab trash, dry chemicals, and sharps

and piercing objects.

Lab trash: Examples include absorbent paper products, Kim

Wipes, gloves, bench coat, and other lab supplies. Follow

these guidelines:

o Double-bag the waste in clear plastic bags to allow

visual inspection by EH&S waste technicians. If

contents cannot be visually inspected, EH&S cannot

collect the bag.

o Seal each bag individually.

o Accurately list the bag's contents and chemical

constituents on the hazardous waste tag.

Dry chemicals:

o Dispose of solid reagent chemicals in the

manufacturer's container.

o Label the container with a hazardous waste tag.

Sharps and piercing objects: Sharps are items capable of

puncturing, piercing, or tearing regular waste bags. Examples

include pipettes, pipette tips, and broken glass. Sharps

require special packaging.

Container

o Choose a rigid, leak-proof, puncture-resistant sharps

container. Containers sold on Marketplace fit most

needs.

o Remove or deface any labels or biohazard symbols

that may be on the container.

Disposal

o Seal the full container with tape so it can't be easily

opened.

o Place the sealed container in the regular trash.

F. Unknown or Unidentified chemical waste

Unknown or unidentified chemicals are considered hazardous waste.

Processing and disposal of unknowns is particulary expensive

because they must be handled with great care and caution. Please

make every effort to avoid "unknowns" by diligently labeling and dating

inventory.

Once found, ask others working in the area if they know what

the material is.

If the material can be identified:

o Label it with a hazardous waste tag.

If the material can't be identified:

o Label it with a hazardous waste tag.

o Write "Unknown" on the tag.

o Write on the waste tag any known information.

Include:

o Type of lab that material was found

o Age of the material

Request a hazardous waste collection.

G. Storage time and quantity limits

Time: All hazardous waste must be collected within 90 days

from when waste is first put into containers.

Quantity: Up to 55 gallons of any individual hazardous waste

may be stored before it must be collected.

o When 55 gallons or more of hazardous waste

accumulates, the waste must be collected within 3

days.

IN CASE OF EMERGENCY

What is EMERGENCY?

Emergencies are incidents that threaten public safety, health and

welfare. If severe or prolonged, they can exceed the capacity of first

responders, local fire fighters or law enforcement officials. Such

incidents range widely in size, location, cause, and effect, but nearly

all have an environmental component. To anticipate the variety ,

consider:

Action to Stop the Current Hazards from Escalating

Basic Fire Prevention Measures:

Always keep ignition sources and fuels separated.

Never use frayed or cracked electrical cords.

Keep flammable liquids in a secured area posted with warning

signs that identify the flammable hazard. Store flammable

liquids in unbreakable containers with securely fastened caps.

Never overload a circuit by plugging too many appliances or

equipment into one receptacle.

Prior to exiting a work area, turn off or disconnect non-

essential lights, appliances, machinery, and equipment.

Immediately report to your supervisor any work conditions that

appear to constitute a fire hazard.

Provide fire extinguishers in the workplace. These

extinguishers are useful for small fires as they work just a

short while. Learn how to use a fire extinguisher and make

sure the pressure is at the right level.

Ways to Prevent Electrical Hazards:

Always plug into a GFCI. Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter

protection is required at every plug-in point associated with

your jobsites temporary electrical supply right down to

extension cords.

Check each extension cord before use. Ensure that insulation

is completely intact (free from cracks, tears, or abrasion) and

that power extension cables havent been knotted, which can

cause conductor damage and increase the risk of fire.

Do a thorough check for electrical wiring before use.

Inspect power tools on a regular basis. Look over the tools

power cords and plugs for any sign of damage to the

insulation, blades, or grounding pin.

Check insulated tools for damage before each use. Once the

insulation layer of an insulated hand tool becomes nicked,

cracked or cut, the tool is no longer effectively insulated it

actually becomes more of an electrical conductor, and can

increase your risk of injury.

Never modify electrical plugs.

Keep extension cords in a safe place where they wont be

stepped on or driven over.

Use the right extension cord for the job. Before you plug in,

make sure that the wattage rating of the extension cord youre

using is greater than the pull (or power requirement) of the

equipment its powering.

Ways to Prevent Chemical Hazards:

Always read the label on the chemical bottle.

Always follow the directions and precautions listed on the

label.

Never use a chemical if you are unsure what it is or how to

protect yourself.

Always take the time to protect yourself and those working

around you.

Always dispose of a chemical properly. Every municipality has

a household hazardous waste drop-off location. For safe

disposal of chemical products at work, contact your health and

safety representative.

Use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Fire Extinguisher Codes

Fire extinguishers meeting BS EN3 are manufactured with a red body

and have a band of a second color covering between 5-10% of the

surface relating to the extinguishers contents. Each different type of

extinguisher agent has a corresponding color making identification

easier for the user.

Current Fire Extinguisher Color Codes

Fire Extinguisher Classes

Fires are identified using a classification system. Each class identifies

the type of fuel involved and allows appropriate fire extinguisher media

to be identified.

NFPA 704: Standard System for the Identification of the Hazards

of Materials for Emergency Response

Standard maintained by the U.S.-based National Fire Protection

Association.

NFPA Diamond

The four divisions are typically color-coded:

(Red) Flammability Hazard is the ability of a substance to burn or

ignite, causing fire or combustion.

(Blue)Health Hazard is the state of events which has the potential to

threaten the surrounding natural environment and adversely affect

people's health.

(Yellow) Instability Hazard refers to the susceptibility of the chemical

to dangerous decomposition.

(White) Specific Hazards is "special notice" area can contain several

symbols. The following symbols are defined by the NFPA 704

standard.

OX - Oxidizer, allows chemicals to burn without an air supply

W - Reacts with water in an unusual or dangerous manner

SA - Simple asphyxiant gas. Specifically limited to the following

gases: nitrogen, helium,neon, argon, krypton and xenon.

ACID - Material is an acid

ALK - Material is a base (alkaline)

COR - Material is corrosive

- Material is radioactive

Each of health, flammability and reactivity is rated on a scale from 0

(no hazard) to 4 (severe risk)

FIRST AID TREATMENT

A. Fire-Related Incidents

First aid treatment for fire related accidents:

Burns A burn is damage to your bodys tissues caused by heat,

chemicals, electricity, sunlight or radiation. Scalds from hot liquids and

steam, building fires and flammable liquids and gases are the most

common causes of burns.

If on fire:

1. Stop, Drop, Cover and Roll

2. Smother the flames with a blanket

3. Move away from heat source

For burn injuries:

There are three types of burns:

a. First-degree burns damage only the outer layer of the skin

- Redness or Discoloration

- Mild swelling and pain

- Rapid healing

b. Second-degree burns damage the outer layer underneath

- Redness and mottled appearance

- Blisters

- Severe pain and swelling

- Prone to infection

c. Third-degree burns damage or destroy the deepest layer of skin

and tissues underneath

- Deep tissue distraction

- White appearance

- No pain and blisters

- Complete loss of all layers of skin

General First-Aid Measures

If the victim is burned with fire apply cold applications,

immerse the burned area in cold water role the burned person

on the ground, or cover with water socked thick cloth or

blanket and put out the fire. If the accident is of electric source,

quickly disconnect at the electric meter or check point, or use

rope wooden stick, dried cloth etc. to disconnect;

Move the victim from the accident place to avoid further injury;

Loosen and/or remove burned dresses and lay down the

victim on his/her back and let him/her breathe fresh air and

ensure that no foreign objects have entered and blocked the

passage of the respiratory system;

If the victim is not breathing properly, initiate mouth to mouth

artificial respiration;

Thoroughly check the wound to determine the size, and the

degree of burn;

Measures for First Degree Burn

STEP 1:

Apply cold running (tap) water for at least 10-20 minutes or

submerged the burned area.

If the wound is minor and small, clean daily the area with

boiled cold water cover it with clean cloth to prevent contact

with flies, if the wound located is in a joint, immobilize the joint

area until the wound is cured;

If the wound is from boiled water, chemical (acid), take out

his/her dress and cover it with clean cloth.

Note: If running water not available, wet 2 cloths and alternate them

onto the burn every 2 minutes

STEP 2:

Immediately cover the burn with a clean plastic wrap or clean

plastic bag to prevent further irritation or infections.

Note: Do NOT use ice, butter, creams as a substitute to the plastic

bag etc.

Remove clothing and jewelry as they can hold heat on the

burn and jewelry can stop blood flow to the burn.

Measures for Second and Third Degree Burn

If the victim is conscious, his/her respiratory parts such as

mouth, nose and throat are free from burn injury and give

him/her frequently plenty of liquid such as ORS or similar

solution (prepare the solution from eight tea spoons of sugar,

one spoon salt in one liter of boiled cold water).

If the victim is a child below two years old give it one spoon

every two minutes and if the child is over two years give it with

a cup or glass in small amount every two minutes;

Advise the victim or his family to get tetanus toxoid vaccine;

Refer the victim to the nearest health facility with the following

signs:

1. If the victim is drowsy, restless and has breathing

problem;

2. If the victim has burns on his face, eye, extremities, joints

and around genital organs;

3. If the source of the burn is electrical, chemical or thunder;

4. If the patient has chronic disease such as epilepsy,

diabetes etc.; and

5. If the burn accident is on elderly persons or children,

B. Electrical-Related Incidents

First Aid for Electric Shock Victims

1. Dont touch the victim and the source of electricity. The current

can pass through you also.

2. Unplug the appliance or turn off the power at the control panel.

If you cant turn off the power, use a piece of wood, like a

broom handle, dry rope or dry clothing to separate the victim

from the power source.

3. Do not try to move a victim touching a high voltage wire. Call

emergency for help.

4. Keep the victim lying down. Unconscious victims should be

placed on their side to allow drainage of fluids. Do not move

the victim if there is a suspicion of neck or spine injuries unless

absolutely necessary.

5. If the victim is not breathing, apply mouth-to-mouth

resuscitation. If the victim has no pulse, begin

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

6. Cover the victim with a blanket to maintain body heat, keep

the victims head low and get medical attention.

First Aid for Electrical Burn Victims

Electrical burns vary in severity depending upon:

1. How long the body is in contact with the electric current

2. The strength of the current

3. The type of current

4. The direction the current takes through the body

Often these burns are deep. There may be more than one area

burned. One area may be where the current entered the body and

another may be where it left. Electrical burn wounds may look minor

on the outside, but could be severe on the inside.

If a person has received an electrical burn, check for shock and follow

the steps outlined above.

If the person is conscious and there are no signs of shock (such as

being cold, clammy, pale and having a rapid pulse), begin treating the

burned area.

1. Do not apply grease or oil to the burn.

2. Cover the burn with a dry, sterile dressing, but do not cool the

burn.

3. Keep the victim from getting chilled.

4. Seek medical attention as soon as possible.

First Aid for Chemical Incidents

Commence the following First Aid and, as soon as practicable, call

nearest First Aider.

1. Skin Contact:

1. Drench the affected area with clean running water for at least 10

minutes and until no chemical remains in contact with the skin.

2. Remove contaminated clothing, which is not stuck to the skin, as

soon as practicable after commencement of washing.

3. If there is any injury cover with clean, non-fluffy material to protect

from infection and, or if skin absorption is suspected, transfer casualty

to hospital.

2. Eye Contact:

1. Flush the eye with clean running water for at least 10 minutes.

2. Obtain medical examination of the affected eye.

3. Ingestion:

1. Do not make the casualty vomit.

2. Wash out the mouth with water.

3. Give 1 pint (500 ml) of water to drink.

4. Transfer casualty to hospital.

4. Inhalation:

1. Remove the casualty from exposure.

2. If the casualty has been seriously affected obtain medical attention.

Appendix A

Appendix B

SECRETARY

BATCH PROJECT

HEAD

FACULTY ADVISER

OF BATCH

PROJECT

AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

COURSE

CHAIRPERSON

TECHNICAL

DEPARTMENT

MANUFACTURING

DEPARTMENT

LOGISTICS

DEPARTMENT

FINANCE

DEPARTMENT

ASSISTANT

BATCH PROJECT

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ASSISTANT BATCH

PROJECT HEAD

DOCUMENTATION

RESEARCH

DESIGN

FABRICATION

ASSEMBLY

TRANSPORTATION

PURCHASING

TREASURER

AUDITOR

ASSISTANT

BATCH PROJECT

HEAD