Safety, Health & Environment, SHE

Safety, Health & Environment, SHE

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CONFIDENTIAL

This document is a bonafide property of Rainoil Limited. No part of the whole may

be mentioned, reproduced or copied without due permission from the authority of

Rainoil Limited and the Consultant, Crownbondis Global Resources Nig. Ltd.

Copyright ©

Rainoil Limited

June, 2021.


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TABLE OF CONTENT 4

List of Tables 8

List of Figures 8

Acronyms and Abbreviations 9

Definitions 10

Acknowledgement 16

Executive Summary 17

PART ONE GENERAL INTRODUCTION 19

1.1 Introduction 19

1.1.1 Services 20

1.2 The Location 21

1.3 Objectives of the study 21

1.4 Project Description 21

1.5 Pipeline and Instrumentation Diagram 22

1.6 Process Description 22

1.7 Proposed Civil Structure 27

1.8 Proposed Electro - Mechanical Equipment 28

1.9 Fire Fighting equipment and security provisions 28

1.10 HSE Policy statement & Commitment 28

1.10.1 The Rainoil Limited Safety, Health and Environment Goals 29

1.11 Monitoring System 31

PART TWO 2.0HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK ASSESSMENT AND CONROL MEASURES

2.1 The Hazard Categories and Identification for Rainoil Limited 32

2.2 Consequence analysis 36

2.3 Risk acceptance 56

2.4 Control Measures 57

2.5 Traffic and Driving 58

2.6 Our HSE (PPE) Requirements 58


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PART THREE

3.0 MANAGING HAZARDS AT THE FACILITY 59

3.1 Access Control 59

3.2 Basic Safety in the Rainoil Limited Gas Skid 60

3.2.1 General Instructions in our Skid 61

3.2.2 For (Customers) Regarding Access to and time spent in the Plant 61

3.2.3 For (Drivers) Regarding Access to and time spent in the Plan 62

3.3 Workplace inspections 62

3.4 Equipment Maintenance and Records 62

3.5 Vehicle Maintenance and Records 63

3.6 Safety against Fire 63

3.7 Safety against corrosion/ Leakages 63

3.8 Handling of cylinder safety 63

3.9 The identifiable Hazards in Handling/ Operations 64

3.10 Main causes of accidents 65

PART FOUR 4.0 TRAINING 66

4.1 Employee Orientation 66

4.2 Site Specific Orientation 66

4.3 On the Job training record 66

4.4 Consequence Checklist 66

PART FIVE EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN 71

5.0 Emergency Response Plan (ERP) 71

5.1 Objectives of the ERP 73

5.2 Roles and Responsibility 73

5.2.1 Emergency Response Commander 74

5.2.2 Skid security officer 74

5.2.3 Health Safety and Environment Officer 74


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5.2.4 Health Safety and Environment Manager 76

5.2.5 Operations Manager –On Scene Commander 76

5.2.6 Maintenance Manager 76

5.2.7 Finance Manager 76

5.2.8 Visitors 77

5.3 Emergency classification 77

5.4 Activation of O-ERT 78

5.5 Crisis Command Centre 78

5.6 Emergency Plan / Evacuation Procedure 78

5.7 Fire Evacuation Plans 79

5.7.1 Fire Marshals Training 79

5.7.2 LPG and Flammable Product Emergency Response Plan 79

5.7.3 Medical Emergency Response Plan 82

5.7.4 Civil Riot Emergency Response Plan 84

5.8 Emergency Drill Record 86

5.9 Emergency Drill Evacuation 86

5.10 Relevant emergency numbers 86

PART SIX

6.0 INCIDENT REPORTING AND INVESTIGATION 87

6.1 Accident Reporting and investigation 87

6.2 Accident Reporting Procedure 88

6.3 Accident Investigating Procedures 88

6.3.1 Required information during Investigation 88

6.4 Reporting of near misses 89

6.5 Reportable Accidents 89

6.6 Corporate Communication 90

6.7 Safety meeting 90

6.8 Audit 90

6.9 Waste Management Plan (WMP) 91


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6.9.1 Wastes Sources and Classification 91

6.9.2 Collection and Storage 92

6.9.3 Transportation 92

6.9.4 Final Disposal 93

6.9.5 Collection and Storage 93

6.9.6 Disposal 93

6.9.7 Final Offsite Treatment/Disposal 94

6.10 Decommissioning, Abandonment and Closure Management 95

6.10.1 Decommissioning and Site Remediation Plan 95

6.10.2 Preparation of Report 95

6.10.3 Report Structure 96

PART SEVEN

7.0 Conclusion 98

References 99


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List of Tables

Table 1.1: The Technical Details for LPG Skid Plant Table 2.1: Leak sizes

Table 2.2: Scenarios Considered for the LPG Bottling Skid

Table 2.3: Climatic Data for the location

Table 2.4: Chemical Data-Properties, Thermo chemistry and hazards

Table 2.5: Risk Assessment Matrix for the Skid

Table 2.6: Positive Impacts of the Gas Skid Project

Table 4.1: Competency Checklist

Table 5.1: Emergency Contact Numbers

Map of Figures

Fig 1.1/ Fig 1.2: Showing the Piping and Instrumentation Diagram

Figure 1.3/ Fig 1.4: Showing the Skid installation

Figure 1.5: The process flow chart for the proposed Gas Skid operation

Figure 5.1: Rainoil Limited Skid Fire Emergency Response Plan

Figure 5.2: Medical Emergency Response Plan

Figure 5.3: Civil Riots Emergency Response Plan


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ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS

ALARP – As Low As Reasonably Practicable

ALOHA – Areal Location of Hazardous Materials

API – American Petroleum Institute

BLEVE – Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion

CCTV- Closed Circuit Television

EPA – Environmental Protection Agency

ERDMP – Emergency Response and Disaster Management Plan

ESD – Emergency Shutdown Device

FBR – Full Bore Rupture

PHAST – Process Hazard Analysis Software tool

HAZID – Hazard Identification

HAZOP – Hazard and Operability Study

HP – High Pressure

HR – Hour

HSE – Health, Safety and Environment

LFL – Lower Flammability Limit

LP – Low Pressure

LPG – Liquefied Petroleum Gas

NOAA – National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

P&ID – Piping and instrumentation diagram

PFD – Process Flow Diagram

QRA – Quantitative Risk Assessment

UFL – Upper Flammability Level

UVCE – Unconfined Vapour Cloud Explosions


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Definitions

Acceptable Risk - Risk that has been reduced to a level that can be tolerated by the

organization having regard to its legal obligations and its own OH&S policy.

Accident: unwanted/ unplanned event with the capacity to cause harm

Activity, Product, or Service - Broadly covers all the possibilities for an organization

to have an influence on the environment, both positive and negative, and may be

referred to simply as activities or processes. Examples of activities could include

fieldwork, working in the office, driving to work, or any other activity that occurs at the

organization. In addition, EPA may provide services, such as environmental sampling,

relating to external stakeholders, including industry, communities, or individuals.

Although EPA generally does not make products in the conventional sense, there may

be instances where the concept of products can be applied (e.g., the development of

publications for mass distribution). Note: May also be referred to as tasks and/or

processes.

Audit — Systematic, independent, and documented process for obtaining ―audit

evidence‖ and evaluating it objectively to determine the extent to which ―audit criteria‖

are fulfilled.

Auditor— A person with the competence to conduct an audit.

Awareness — An understanding of the importance of conforming with the

organization’s environmental policy and the requirements of the EMS and of complying

with all legal and other requirements to which the organization subscribes.

Bleeve – Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion, is defined as any sudden loss of

containment of fluid above its normal boiling point at the moment of vessel/ tank failure

Calibrate — To check, adjust, or systematically standardize the graduations of a

quantitative measuring instrument.

Competence — Possessing the knowledge, understanding, skills, and abilities

necessary to complete assigned activities within certain performance standards

specified by the organization.

Continual Improvement — A recurring process of enhancing the environmental

management system in order to achieve improvements in overall environmental

performance consistent with the organization’s environmental policy.


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Corrective Action— An action to eliminate the cause of a detected nonconformity or

other undesirable situation.

Design pressure – Pressure for which the installation is designed whereby the

installation is able to withstand

Deviation — A variation from accepted practices.

Document— Information and its supporting medium, which can include paper,

magnetic, electronic or optical computer disc, photograph or master sample, or a

combination thereof. Note: May also be referred to as EMS Document.

Document Control — A systematic procedure for indexing documents by number,

date, and revision number for archiving, storage, and retrieval. Document control

procedures ensure

EGASPIN - Environmental Guidelines and Standards for the Petroleum Industry in

Nigeria

Environment— Surroundings in which an organization operates including air, water,

land, natural resources, flora, fauna, humans, and their interrelation.

EMS Coordinator — A member of staff assigned with the responsibility for overall

management of the EMS, to include reporting to the Region’s Senior Management on

the performance of the EMS and providing them with recommendations to improve

upon its performance.

EMS Document — See the definition for Document.

EMS Implementing Procedures — Those procedures developed and implemented

by Rainoil Limited that identify the key elements of the EMS, as well as any attachments

to those procedures.

Environmental Aspect — Element of an organization’s activities, products, or services

that can interact with the environment.

Environmental Impact — Any change to the environment, whether adverse or

beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an organization’s environmental aspects.

Environmentally Preferable — A designation given to products or services that have

a lesser or reduced effect on human health and the environment when compared with

competing products or services that serve the same purpose.


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Environmental Management Program — A program that is created/ maintained to

achieve specific objectives and targets within the EMS to obtain/maintain compliance

with legal and other requirements. They include relevant and existing operational

controls and activities (including their time lines, required resources, and delegated

roles and responsibilities) that lead to the achievement of the objectives and targets.

Environmental management programs are updated as activities are completed and

become operational controls, and may be amended when the organization’s activities

change or new legal and I or other requirements are adopted.

Environmental Management System— The part of an organization’s management

system used to develop and implement its environmental policy and manage its

environmental aspects. It is a set of interrelated elements (organizational structure,

planning activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures, and resources) used to

establish and achieve environmental performance objectives.

Environmental Management System Audit — See the definition for Internal Audit.

Environmental Objective — An overall environmental goal, consistent with the

environmental policy that an organization sets itself to achieve.

Environmental Performance — Measurable results of an organization’s management

of its environmental aspects. Results can be measured against the organization’s

environmental policy, environmental objectives, environmental targets, and/or other

environmental performance requirements.

Environmental Policy — The overall intentions and direction of an organization

related to its environmental performance as formally expressed by senior management.

It provides a framework for action and for the setting of environmental objectives and

targets.

Environmental Target — Detailed performance requirements, applicable to the

organization or parts thereof, that arises from the environmental objectives and that

needs to be set and met in order to achieve those objectives.

Environmental Work Conditions — The interior/exterior climate conditions that can

impact the staff including humidity, temperature, air quality, glare, and solar load.

Evaluation — The process of assessing the adequacy of one or more safety, health, or

environmental programs, systems, procedures, or records (or components of programs,

systems, procedures, or records) to determine the extent to which specified properties

are present.


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External Communications — Communication to parties or organizations external to

the physical site boundaries of the facilities and activities on or off-site.

External Stakeholder — Those individuals or groups, who are designated as an

Interested Party, but function external to the Region’s EMS scope.

Explosion – a sudden release of energy that causes a blast

Exposure - concentration of intensity that reaches the target person usually expressed

in terms of concentration

Facility-Related Goods and Services — Materials provided for use within, and

activities performed on behalf of, a Region 7 facility by or through a contract.

Hazard— Source, situation, or act with a potential for harm in terms of human injury

or ill health, or a combination thereof.

Hazard Identification— Process of recognizing that a hazard exists and defining its

characteristics.

Ill Health— Identifiable, adverse physical or mental condition arising from and/or

made worse by a work activity and/or work-related situation.

Incident — Work-related event(s) in which an injury or ill health (regardless of

severity) or fatality occurred, or could have occurred.

Interested Party — Person or group, inside or outside the workplace, concerned with

or affected by the environmental performance of an organization.

Internal Audit — A systematic, independent, and documented process for obtaining

audit evidence and evaluating it objectively to determine the extent to which the

environmental management system audit criteria set by the organization are fulfilled.

Note: May also be referred to as EMS Audit.

Internal Communications — Communications that are intended for staff of Rainoil

Limited (both those assigned to terminal and other parts of the group) and on-site

grantees, contractors, and volunteers.

Jet Fire – jet fires could occur from release of Gas which is immediately ignited or

which burns back from a flash fire after delayed ignition

Legal and Other Requirements — See the definitions for Legal Requirement and

Other Requirement.


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Legal Requirement - A requirement promulgated by federal, state, or local

authorities.

Noncompliance - The failure to act according to accepted standards, orders, or

regulations.

Non-conformance - The nonfulfillment of a requirement. Non-conformances include

the failure to conform to EMS programmatic standards and the failure to comply with

legal and other requirements (noncompliance).

Nonconformity - Non-fulfillment of a requirement. A nonconformity can be any

deviation from relevant work standards, practices, procedures, legal requirements, etc.

or OH&S management system requirements.

Operational Controls - Broadly defined to include engineering (e.g., water

reclamation tanks), physical (e.g., dikes and berms), and administrative (e.g., standard

operating procedures) controls that are applied to activities, products and services to

minimize the occurrence of adverse impacts associated with the significant

environmental aspects and to prevent deviations from the environmental policy or from

legal and other requirements.

Organization - A company, corporation, firm, enterprise, authority or institution, or

part or combination thereof, whether incorporated or not, public or private, that has its

own functions and administration.

Other Requirement - Mandatory or voluntary codes of conduct and performance

standards, either externally or internally created, to which an organization subscribes.

Preventive Action - An action to eliminate the cause of a potential nonconformity or

other undesirable potential situation.

Prevention of Pollution - The use of processes, practices, materials, products,

services or energy to avoid, reduce or control (separately or in combination) the

creation, emission or discharge of any type of pollutant or waste, in order to reduce

adverse environmental impacts. Synonymous with pollution prevention.

Procedure - A specified way to carry out an activity or process.

Record - A document stating results achieved or providing evidence of activities

performed. Note: May also be referred to as EMS Record.

Responsible Manager - The manager of the affected area.


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Risk - Combination of the likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event or

exposure(s) and the severity of injury or ill health that can be caused by the event or

exposure(s).

Risk Assessment— Process of evaluating the risk(s) arising from a hazard(s), taking

into account the adequacy of any existing controls, and deciding whether or not the

risk(s) is acceptable.

Significant Environmental Aspect - An environmental aspect that an organization

determines has, or has the potential to have, a significant impact on the environment.

Suppliers and Contractors - Organizations or individuals that provide supplies,

materials, services and other tangible goods to the Terminal. Contractors are more

likely than suppliers to provide services on or off site to the terminal.

Sustainability - A holistic approach that considers environmental, economic, and

societal implications in determining potential solutions to an issue. It is defined in the

United Nations General Assembly’s 1987 document titled Report of the World

Commission on Environmental and Development: Our Common Future as decisions the

―meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations

to meet their needs‖.

Sustainability Management Program - A program that is created I maintained to

achieve specific objectives and targets within the EMS that lead to levels of

environmental performance ―above and beyond‖ compliance with legal and other

requirements.

They include relevant and existing operational controls and activities (including their

time lines, required resources, and delegated roles.

Training — Acquiring knowledge, skills, and abilities that promote maximum

proficiency in the performance of official duties.

Workplace— Any physical location in which work related activities are performed

under the control of the organization.


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We hereby wish to use this opportunity to appreciate the Regulators, most especially

the Department of Petroleum Resources for attending to our application, giving rise to

the visit to site for suitability studies and now the preparation of the Safety, Health and

Environmental Report. We equally thank all our technical partners for making this

possible. Our acknowledgement offcourse cut across all areas and the path of people,

companies crossed during this exercise.


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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Our Company Rainoil Limited, a fully registered Company under the Corporate Affairs

Commission of Nigeria to operate as an Oil and Gas Industry in the downstream sector.

The intention of the Company giving rise to this document is to develop and build an

LPG Gas Skid for Sales purposes. The Liquefied Petroleum Gas Skid is to be located at

Captain Dawnes Road, Mechanic Site, Adekaa, Benue State, inside the existing Rainoil

Limited filling station. This SHE Report shows the operational process and also the

safety aspect of all the process involved from cradle to grave. The proposed storage

shall be 5MT.

Generally, incidents are well recorded in Gas Skids Plants ranging from accidents and

some critical occurrences leading to harm, nevertheless, this study highlights proactive

and preventive measures to avoid such occurrences, hence the development of this

report.

Rainoil Limited was incorporated in November 1994. Commencing business as a

petroleum products marketing company in May 1997. Rainoil Limited has launched its

LPG business which will trade as Rainoil Gas. Rainoil Gas commenced operations in Q3

2020 with a storage capacity of 8000MT and a fleet size of 40 trucks for the easy

distribution of LPG to buyers and end-users. The launch of Rainoil Gas is aligned with

government’s strategy to make gas the preferred fuel in the country. It will deepen gas

penetration in Nigeria. As a prominent player in the Nigerian industry, the company’s

operations span across the downstream value chain i.e. Petroleum Product Storage,

Haulage/Distribution and Retail Sales. Our primary products include Petrol (PMS), Diesel

(AGO), Kerosene (DPK) and Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG).

Rainoil Limited remains a wholly indigenous company and a recognised player in the

downstream oil and gas industry. The ultra-modern head office is located in Plot 8,

Block 116, Akiogun Street, by Bosun Adekoya Road, Lekki, Lagos State.


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Rainoil Limited is an integrated downstream oil and gas company having the Company

Email Address as: [email protected] and Phone Number: 01 7004711-13

Furthermore, the Company shall constantly liaise with the DPR intermittently as

required for updates of statutory regulations and guidelines as it pertains to the

operations. More so, this document shows the qualitative risk assessment of the

intended project with the risk associated with its operation. Also, the possible risks are

taken into account while adequate mitigative measures were proffered accordingly.

The information has contained in this Report serves as a guide to the operational

process of the Gas Skid and invariably contains the dos and don’ts for the Skid as a

more specific standard operation procedure documentation will be developed once

operational. The design of the Skid in relation to the various installations also were put

in consideration to avail us the opportunity of understanding the terrain and also how

this could be of use to protecting lives and properties against leaks and other

associated dangers attached to the operations of a Gas Skid. Invariably, regular

inspections, good standard operating procedures, testing of equipment and proper

servicing with adequate training of personnel with the right use of Personal Protective

Equipment has proven to limit the fear of dangerous occurrences in Gas Skid plants.


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PART ONE

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

Rainoil Limited

Our Company is well registered by the Corporate Affairs Commission and also has in her

Memorandum and Article of Association to operate Gas services. We shall align ourselves

with the Statutory provision of the DPR, hence, we have deem it fit to develop this

document for our new Skid. Our main aim as a Company is to develop/ build a Gas Skid

(LPG) facility, this which has made us to come up with this SHE Report as a prerequisite

statutory requirement to demonstrate and develop good operational processes with focus

on energy and resource efficiency along with good level of safety standards in our

proposed Skid. At Rainoil Limited we understand the fact that the workplace should be a

safe environment where our employees can do their jobs without the fear of injury or

accidents that might lead to death The Rainoil Limited is known for its compliance when it

comes to statutory expectations and operational excellence even from the inception.

At Rainoil limited we are passionate about energy and the customers that we serve. We

pride ourselves on providing a cleaner burning LPG fuel, and through our expertise and

advanced technology, continually strive to deliver better, safer and more reliable ways to

meet your LPG energy needs. Safety is of paramount importance in all our operations.

Rainoil Limited supplies its products in full compliance with local health & safety

regulations. Rainoil Limited delivers clean and efficient LPG and energy solutions across

Nigeria. We offer bulk gas and gas bottles. Rainoil Limited distributes, stores, transports

and markets energy products and related services. Rainoil Limited serves business and

residential customers from all sectors and walks of life, providing professional and safe

services through our network of multiple distribution centers. Our establishment is

committed to quality, safety and environmental responsibility and has built her reputation

for the highest quality in every aspect of her operations using the most technologically

advanced equipment in all its operations.


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Our Company is creating organized efforts and procedures for identifying workplace

hazards and reducing accidents and exposure to harmful situations. Various types of

unsafe acts and unsafe conditions that might cause hazards are itemized and dealt with

accordingly. Further to the production of this report, we hope to engage in training of our

personnel in accident prevention, accident response, emergency preparedness, use of

protective clothing and equipment and basic first aid.

1.1.1 Services

We are passionate about energy and the customers that we serve. We pride ourselves on

providing a cleaner burning LPG fuel, and through our expertise and advanced

technology, continually strive to deliver better, safer and more reliable ways to meet your

LPG energy needs. Safety is of paramount importance in all our operations. Rainoil

Limited supplies its products in full compliance with local health & safety regulations.

Our Mission

To Provide energy products and services in an efficient & sustainable manner while

creating superior value for all stakeholders

Our Vision

To be a leading energy products and services Company

Core Values

Respect Giving due regard to each other, customers, suppliers and other external

stakeholders in all situations

Integrity Being trustworthy, honest and fair

Teamwork Achieving efficiency and effectiveness by working together through

communication, collaboration and knowledge sharing

Excellence Distinguishing ourselves through innovations, accountability, discipline and

commitment

Safety Ensuring adherence to regulations and procedures intended to prevent

accident, injury and environmental degradation


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1.2 The Location

The Rainoil Limited proposed Gas refilling Skid is located at the Rainoil Petroleum filling

station at Captain Dawnes Road, Mechanic Site, Adekaa, Benue State. The site has good

area for truck maneuvering and for customers’ car park. There are different developments

around it which are all located at safe distances away from it, most especially the

operational filling station since the area of location for the skid has been marked. The left

area of the station is an access Road, the right portion and the back are undeveloped

lands. A secured area in the filling station, far from ignition sources and some operational

areas shall be used to sit the LPG Skid with its own fire fighting gadgets and hydrant.

The area of the filling station is highly suitable for the location as proposed based on the

size and the already built facility.

1.3. Objectives of the Study

The Commitment to providing employees with a safe and healthful working environment

to avoid any form of incidents in any magnitude. Also, carrying out consequence analysis

and assessing the associated risk involved in operation. The objectives of this study are

to establish clear safety objectives and commitment to manage to every objectives and

operations. Furthermore, define methods, processes, and organizational structure needed

to meet safety goals. Under listed are some of the operational installations to be

deployed on site for a smooth operation of the facility.

1.4Project description

The Skid shall have the following installed.

LPG Pump/ LPG Surface tank

Perimeter fence

Administrative area

LPG Filling shed

Power generator house


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Our surface tank shall be mounted on a concrete base in accordance to the

international safety codes and standards. Digital dispensing units with complete pumps

shall be installed for easy refilling cylinders under the filling shed. Generally, our Skid

design shall be built in accordance to internationally and locally acceptable standards

with all gadgets and equipment for proper operations hence the development of this

report to ascertain site specificity in its design.

1.5 Pipeline and Instrumentation Diagram

The Pipeline and Instrumentation Diagram of the proposed Rainoil Limited is hereby

attached along with other submissions which show the process of connection and the

flow of gas with the components to be installed. It clearly shows the surface pipeline

networks and connection with the valves and junctions pump house in connection to

the filling area right from the surface tank.

1.6 Process Description

The operations of the Gas Skid shall comprise the following:

Cylinder filling and evacuation (Bottling Operations)

Automatic bottling process is running in most of the LPG industry in the world. In all

industries, there is also an alternative manual way to fill the cylinder. The manual filling

process is needed when it faces problem in the automatic process. The automatically

filling process is more secure and effective.

At first LPG cylinders are checked before filling for safety purpose. If it is needed to

repair the cylinder then it is kept in the storage for future repair. If it is fit, the cylinder

runs on the chain conveyor line for the filling process. Various online equipment are

used for cylinder filling. LPG Filling operation is a system which can be used either

automatically or manually to refill LPG Cylinders. In some instances, the Telescopic

Conveyor is used to put the cylinders on the conveyor of the system. The Tare Control

scale placed on the conveyor conveys the weight of the empty cylinders to the weighing

electronic machines. As expected, the design of the Skid shall be in accordance to

internationally and locally acceptable standards with the gadgets and equipment for

proper operations.


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The activities of the Gas Skid shall include but not limited to;

Receipt of LPG from Bulk Tanks

LPG Stored in bullet tanks

Receiving of empty LPG cylinder

Filling of LPG into cylinder

Dispatch of filled cylinders


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Fig 1.1/ Fig 1.2: Showing the Piping and Instrumentation Diagram


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Fig 1.3/ Fig 1.4: Showing the Skid installation


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Safe storage and sales of cylinders and maintenance

Secure cylinders upright with a chain or strap in a proper cylinder cart.

Store cylinders at least 20 feet from combustible materials in a dry, ventilated place.

Keep oxygen cylinders at least 20 feet from fuel gas cylinders. Ensure valves are

completely closed and any protection devices are secured.

The process flow chart for the proposed Gas Skid operation

Liquefied Petroleum Gas receiving and Discharge (off-loading) operations

The compressor shall be used for this process. The steps are to be identified fully in the

standard operating procedure though. Open the liquid and vapour valves of

the tanker slowly and vent out air trapped in hose through vent

pipes. Unload the tanker first by pressure difference. When pressure is balanced, start

the unloading pump. Remember to open the vapour balancing line

while unloading through pump. The compressor which pressurizes the vessel to be

unloaded by taking the LPG vapour from the receiving vessel and the liquid line also is

connected to facilitate transfer of liquid LPG. Some basic features like the breakaway

coupling, excess flow check valve, and thermal relief valves, ROVs shall be required for

this process.

Carousel Filling Machine

A filling carousel in this case capable of filling maximum of 180cylindr/Hr is intended for

filling liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cylinders in large groups. It consist of a frame with

running wheels, rails, a central column for LPG and air, and a driving unit the carousel

frame around the central column. The speed of the carousel can be adapted to the

various filling times and capacities. The dimension of the carousel is important to

consider for the future filling capacity. The carousel frame chosen can be equipped with

a number of filling scales covering the present demand and also for the future demand.

Filling carousel can be provided with equipment for automatic introduction and

automatic filling scales with ejection of cylinders.


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Figure 1.5: The process flow chart for the proposed Gas Skid operation

1.7 Our Civil Structure

Administrative Office building (Shared)

Conveniences

Perimeter Fence

Gate House

Power Generator house

The LPG filling area

LPG Storage Tank (5MTons)


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1.8 Electro-Mechanical Equipment proposed:

Our LPG Storage Skid Tank shall be equipped with the following accessories:

LPG refilling pumps

LPG Storage tank (5MTons)

LPG pump and Discharging Hoses

Emergency Shut-off valve

Temperature gauge and Pressure gauge

Safety relief valves Network of Pipelines

Electrical switches

Weighting Scales

Filling hoses and valves

1.9 Fire Safety and Security Provisions

Fire alarms

Various safety signs

Fire hydrant pump

Fire Hydrant water tank

Fire Hydrant pipelines

Gas leak detector and Sprinkler system on storage tank

Fire Hydrant Tank

Various types of Portable extinguishers

Fire Hoses with Nozzles

1.10 Management Involvement

Our management shall be fully committed to quality, safety and environmental, also,

our Skid plant shall be managed by competent staff with vast experience in the Oil &

Gas sector. Our manager shall be responsible for observance of project and operational

guidelines governing HSE in the Gas Skid installation.


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We shall make sure that the management interacts well with all operational staff; this

we believe will help our communication and improve our safety in operations. Our

management team is seasoned professionals in the Oil & Gas Industry and hopes to

adhere to the best practices in the operation of Oil & Gas industry and experience in

this sector, most especially as regards to the operations of LPG.

1.10.1 The Rainoil Limited Safety, Health and Environment Goals

We believe that excellence in health and safety is key to our long term success.

Therefore, compliance forms an integral part of all daily activities.

We are committed to providing a safe and healthy workplace for all our employees,

contractors and visitors. To this end we ensure compliance with safety regulations and

industry best practices.

Ensure that all personnel and visitors to our locations comply strictly with defined

safety regulations.

Drive safety awareness among our staff to ensure they possess the requisite

knowledge to work safely.

Understand that safety is a collective responsibility; therefore, we hold all employees

and contractors accountable for following safe work procedures and reporting

unsafe acts and safety incidents.

Conduct all our operations in a socially responsible and ethical manner.

Ensure that adequate contingency plans are in place to mitigate the effect of safety

incidents and emergencies.

Ensure our safety procedures are reviewed periodically to enforce compliance and

facilitate continuous improvement.


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Table 1.1: The Technical Details for LPG Skid Filling Plant

Nos of

items

Quantity Description of goods Power

consumption

(kw)

1 I set 10 m3 (5MT) capacity storage tank,

design as per AD 2000 code, design

temperature - 20⁰C / +50⁰C, design

pressure 17,2 bar, test pressure

25,8 bar, third

party approval by Bureau Veritas

2 2 Pieces Electronic filling machine, 220V

power supply – 12V DC output, 5A

150 W

3 1 set Multistage model LPG pump, 4

m3/h capacity at 8 bar differential

pressure, coupled with ex-proof

electric motor

4kw

4 4 pieces Tank weighing load cells, 5 tons

capacity each, ex-proof type,

OIML R60, C3 precision class

5 1 set Tank weighing system control

panel, 220V power supply, 24V DC

output

500 W

6 1 set Electric control panel, ex-proof

type, 380V 50 Hz power supply

7 1 set PN40 rating valves, Sch40 rating

seamless steel pipes and pipe

fittings, PN40 rating flanges


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1.11 Monitoring System

For a facility of our type in terms of operation, there is a need for proper monitoring to

safeguard lives and properties. To this end, we hope to deploy the following as part of

our monitoring programs and installations.

1. Safety Inspections: Our management and Employees would make sure that the

work place (Gas Skid) is inspected as often as the type of operation or the character

of the equipment requires. Defective equipment or unsafe conditions found by this

inspection/ monitoring shall be replaced, repaired or remedied promptly.

2. The Gas leak detector system with alarm. This shall be installed along for much

accuracy this which triggers an alarm in case of a leak.

3. Periodic examination: Our surface tank and all other pipeline at one point or the

other shall be subject to integrity tests to ascertain their status. To make sure that

they are safe for continued use, we will ensure that they are examined at intervals

not necessarily at the time for our license renewal.

4. Good access control systems: this shall serve for the performance of

authorization, identification, authentication, access approval, and accountability of

entities. Access control is a security technique that can be used to regulate who or

what can view or use resources in a computing environment, alas, in this case as

regards Rainoil Limited, it involves Physical access control limits access to

unauthorized individuals having no business with the Gas Skid or to some

unauthorized areas around the Skid equally serving as a Monitoring system tool.


32

PART TWO

2.0HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK ASSESSMENT AND CONROL MEASURES

The Hazard Identification Risk Assessment is a process that consists of a number of

sequential steps such as hazard identification, consequence & frequency assessment,

risk estimation based on the existing controls and recommendations to reduce those

risks which are not under acceptable limits, predictive method of likelihood of impacts

shall be accessed. This will give a probable type of hazard that is expected in a Gas

Skid. We will do our best capacity to adhere to all forms of control for hazards identified

before commencement of the facility and the ones identifiable at the operational stage.

The risk assessment focuses solely on these objectives:

To identify hazards associated with the normal operations and handling of the Skid

To quantify the risk associated with the project facilities

To benchmark the risk against legislative risk acceptance criteria and demonstrate

that the risk is within as low as reasonably practicable.

Furthermore, in carrying out the risk assessment, some salient points were considered,

such as:

Probability of failures in operations and general handling

Different sections of the Skid where high quantity of explosive, flammable and toxic

materials and substances are handled.

The general effects of heat radiation, pressure waves/dispersion of Vapour cloud

Different ways by which failure of Skid installation at various locations can occur

Likelihood of external effect that could impact the smooth operation of the Skid

2.1 The Hazard Categories and Identification for Rainoil Limited:

Materials – Liquids, Solids, Gases,etc

Equipment - Machineries, tools, Vehicles, devices, Pumps

Environment – Noise, Temperature extremes, atmospheres, biological and the work

station

People – Anyone in the work place, staff , guests, customers or contractor


33

System - Flawed policies, programs, plans, processes, procedures and practices

Rainoil Limited shall engage these three steps used to manage health and safety at

work.

Spot the Hazard (Hazard Identification)

Assess the Risk (Risk Assessment)

Make the Changes (Risk Control)

1. Spot the hazard

Key point: A hazard is anything that could hurt you or someone else.

The identifiable hazards in handling/ operations are:

Fire resulting from the escape of flammable gases or fluids (such as LPG);

Poor examination and maintenance, handling, storage, installation

Inadequate training and supervision;

Faulty equipment and/or design (e.g. badly fitted valves and regulators);

Inadequately ventilated working conditions;

Incorrect filling procedures;

Tripping hazard due to bolts/nuts and tools used for coupling the truck.

Impact from falling cylinders; and manual handling injuries

Impact from the blast of a gas cylinder explosion or rapid release of gas;

Impact from parts of gas cylinders or valves that fail, or any flying debris;

Hidden damage

LPG release when connecting/disconnecting loading arms, or due to faulty

connection

Accumulation of static electricity due to lack of/inappropriate earth connection.

Tank overfill

Contact with the released gas or fluid

Collision of the truck with the tank Structure

For a proper way of identification of hazards posed by the facility, it is needful to note

the type of hazards posed directly by the materials being handled.


34

The Rainoil Limited shall handle Liquefied Petroleum Gas and stores the same. Even

though the major nightmare of the hazards that is common to the LPG Skid are Fire and

Explosion, these are likely to occur as a result of vapour or liquid release accidentally or

deliberately into an area where there is an ignition source or vice versa.

Flash Fire:

A flash fire is a sudden, intense fire caused by ignition of a mixture of air and a

dispersed flammable substance such as a solid (including dust), flammable or

combustible liquid (such as an aerosol or fine mist), or a flammable gas. Furthermore, a

flash fire is a fire that ignites and spreads quickly at a high temperature but that only

lasts for a short duration. These fires are sudden and are caused by the ignition of a

combustible material (such as a solid dust, liquid aerosol, or gas) that has been

dispersed into the air.

Bleve:

A boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion is an explosion caused by the rupture of a

vessel containing a pressurized liquid that has reached temperatures above its boiling

point. A boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion is an explosion caused by the rupture

of a vessel containing a pressurized liquid that has reached temperatures above

its boiling point. Because the boiling point of a liquid rises with pressure, the contents of

the pressurized vessel can remain liquid so long as the vessel is intact. If the vessel’s

integrity is compromised, the loss of pressure and dropping boiling point can cause the

liquid to rapidly convert to gas and expand extremely rapidly. A type of rapid phase

transition in which a liquid contained above its atmospheric boiling point is rapidly

depressurized, causing a nearly instantaneous transition from liquid to vapor with a

corresponding energy release. A BLEVE of flammable material is often accompanied by

a large aerosol fireball, since an external fire impinging on the vapor space of a

pressure vessel is a common cause. However, it is not necessary for the liquid to be

flammable to have a BLEVE occur.


35

Poolfire:

A pool fire is a turbulent diffusion fire burning above a horizontal pool of vaporising

hydrocarbon fuel where the fuel has zero or low initial momentum. Fires in the open will

be well ventilated (fuel-controlled), but fires within enclosures may become under-

ventilated (ventilation-controlled). A pool fire is a type of diffusion flame where a layer

of volatile liquid fuel is evaporating and burning. The fuel layer can be either on a

horizontal solid substrate or floating on a higher-density liquid, usually water. Pool fires

are an important scenario in fire safety science, as large amounts of liquid fuels are

stored and transported by different industries.

Jet Fire:

A jet or spray fire is a turbulent diffusion flame resulting from the combustion of a fuel

continuously released with some significant momentum in a particular direction or

directions. Jet fires can arise from releases of gaseous, flashing liquid (two phase) and

pure liquid inventories. Jet fires represent a major fire risk in installations with

pressurized hydrocarbons. Jet fires may vary with respect to flame length, heat flux and

velocities, and important influencing factors are the type and nature of the fuel,

pressure and amount of fuel, geometry of the rupture, and surrounding conditions. The

geometry of the structure may also be an important parameter with respect to the

resistance of the passive fire protection exposed to a jet fire.

Unconfined Vapour Cloud Explosions

Unconfined vapour cloud explosion (UVCE) Type of explosion in a liquefied

hycrocarbons or other flammable gas cloud in a non-confined space. When a flammable

vapor is released, its mixture with air will form a flammable vapor cloud. If ignited, the

flame speed may accelerate to high velocities and produce significant blast

overpressure.


36

Common causes of incidents leading to the aforementioned definitions

include:

Poor storage;

Poor installation;

Poor examination and maintenance

Poor handling;

Operator error due to lack of training

Electrostatic discharges

Lack of awareness of the properties of flammable liquids

Failure or malfunction of equipment

Inadequate inspection and maintenance


Dismantling of disposing of equipment containing flammable liquids

Hot work on or in close to flammable liquid vessels

Heating materials above their auto ignition temperature




Hidden damage.

2.2 Consequence analysis

The consequence analysis was carried out to determine the extent of spread

(Dispersion) by accidental release which may lead to jet fire or explosion resulting into

generating heat radiation, over pressures, explosion impact etc. LPG Chemical hazards

are generally considered to be two types namely:

Explosive Gas

Flammable Gas


37

Modes of failure

Failures can result from leak and tank on fire. For leak scenario, the leak sizes

considered are as follows.

Table 2.1: Leak Sizes

Leak Sizes

Leak

description

Representative

Hole diameter

Remarks

Small

(0-10mm)

5mm Represents leaks from flange joints and

pump seals

Medium

(10-50mm)

25mm Represents release due to failure of small

bore piping (Instrument tapping and drain

connection)

Large

(50-150mm)

100mm Represents release due to failure of large

section of equipment or piping (e.g

damage due to external impact, failure of

flexible pipe/hose)

Rupture ≥150mm Represents release due to failure of large

section of equipment or piping equivalent

to its rupture / full bore release

In some instances, there is a possibility of Mechanical failure associated with each

mechanical component of the facility (tanks, pipes, pumps or compressors). These are

generic failures can be caused by such mechanisms such as corrosion, vibration or

external impact (Mechanical or over pressure) a small event (such as a leak) may

escalate into a bigger event, by itself causing a larger failure. There is a also a

likelihood of failures caused by specific operating circumstances such as human error or

ignition of leaking gases due to hot work. The following typical types of failures are

considered.

For storage tanks/ cylinders

Rupture

Large leaks (20% mm equivalent diameter)

Medium and small leaks (due to corrosion, impacts and other such cases)


38

For pipelines

Full bore rupture

Large, medium and small leaks

Impact criteria

The major criterion for the selection of scenarios basically is the potential for high

hazard considering the amount of hazardous substance involved, operating conditions

and the possibility of release and the extent of consequences. The amount of

flammable liquids/ vapour given off from the liquid determines the extent of the fire

explosion hazard, which in turn depends on the temperature of the liquid, how much of

the surface area is exposed, how long its exposed for, and the air movement over the

surface. The hazard also depends on the physical properties of the liquid such as the

flashpoint, auto ignition temperature, viscosity and the upper and lower explosion

limits. For creating the scenarios, ALOHA software modeling techniques was used. The

amount of concentration released in terms of time and distance is one of the main

purposes of making model distribution of the gas in the environment. Aloha is the most

popular software for modeling the consequences of the release of substances in the

environment. ALOHA means ―Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmosphere‖ and is a

special computer program that helps to have a better response against accidental

release of gas/chemical with modeling and forecasting of leakage process.

This software is able to predict all consequences of Gas release such as fire, explosion

and toxicity of the gas in the environment. This software has been presented by the

Environmental Protection Agency, EPA for modeling accidents caused by the release of

toxic and explosives substances.

The following incidents in terms of scenarios are finalized based on the hazard

identification.


39

Table 2.2: Scenarios Considered for the LPG Bottling Skid

S/N Scenario Source Consequences/ Potential Hazard

Proposed/ Inherent Safeguard

1. 5MT Tank Bleve, tank explodes and LPG burns in a fireball

BLEVE of flammable liquid in horizontal cylindrical tank Tank Diameter: 1:59 meters Tank Length:8.04 meters Tank Volume: 10131litres Tank contains liquid Internal storage temperature: 300C Chemical mass in Tank: 5MTons Tank is 100% full Percentage of Tank mass in fireball: 100% Fireball diameter: 132yards Burn duration: 9 seconds

Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from fireball

Thermal radiation from fireball and pool fire

Hazardous fragments and blast force from explosion

Downwind toxic effects of fire by product Red:291 yards—(10.0kW/(sq m) = potentially lethal within 60secs)

Orange: 411 yards --- (2.0Kw/sq m) = pain within 60 sec)

Fire hydrants, hose reels and fire extinguishers shall be made available in the Gas Skid Maintenance and good housekeeping shall be kept Storage area bunded

2 5 MT Tank, leaking tank, LPG is burning as Jet fire

Leak from short pipe or valve in horizontal cylindrical tank. Flammable chemical is burning as It escapes from the tank Tank Diameter: 1:59 meters Tank Length:8.04 meters Tank Volume: 10131litres Tank contains liquid Internal storage temperature: 300C LPG mass in tank: 5MTons Tank is 100% full Circular opening Diameter: 5inches Opening is 0.25 meters

Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from Jetfire

Orange: 81 yards --- (5.0Kw/sq m) = pain within 60 sec)

Red:53 yards—(10.0kW/(sq m) = potentially lethal within 60secs)

Yellow: 129 yards --- (2.0Kw/sq m) = pain within 60 secs Thermal radiation

from fireball and Jetfire

BLEVE (If heat causes the tank to fail)

Downwind toxic effects of fire by


40

from tank bottom Max Flame Length: 52yards Burn duration: 5 minutes Max burn rate: 4,990pounds/min Total amount burned: 19,829 pounds Note: the chemical escaped from the tank and burned as a Jet fire

product

3. 5 MT Tank, leaking tank, LPG is not burning as it escapes into the atmosphere

Leak from hole in horizontal cylindrical tank flammable chemical escaping from the tank (not burning) Tank Diameter: 1:59 meters Tank Length:8.04 meters Tank Volume: 10131litres Tank contains liquid Internal storage temperature: 300C LPG mass in tank: 5MTons Tank is 100% full Circular opening Diameter: 5inches Release duration: 3 minutes Max average sustained release Rate: 14,400 pounds/min (Average over a minute or more) Burn duration: 5 minutes Total amount released: 19,829 pounds Note: the chemical escaped as a mixture of gas and aerosol (two

Threat zone: Toxic area of vapour cloud Model run: Heavy Gas

Orange: 328 yards --- (17000ppm = AEGL – 2 (60 min)

Yellow: 548 yards --- (5500ppm = AEGL – 1 (60 min)

Red:199 yards—(53000ppm = AEGL – 3 (60 min) Downwind toxic

effect Vapor cloud

flash fire Over pressure

(blast force) from vapour cloud explosion

Tank area shall be bunded to contain 100% of stored product The storage tank is located away from buildings and other facilities The tank shall be checked routinely for corrosion, holes to avoid leaks and spills


41

phase flow)

4. 5 MT Tank SRV Release for 15minutes Blast over pressure

Direct source: 25cubic meters/sec Source height: 12 meters, source state: Gas. Source Temperature: equal to ambient Release duration: 5 minutes Release rate: 32,800 kilogram/min Total amount released: 164, 078 kilograms

Orange: 366 meters --- (3.5psi) = serious injury likely

Yellow: 489 --- meters – (1.0psi = shatters glass) Downwind toxic

effect Vapor cloud

flash fire Over pressure

(blast force) from vapour cloud explosion

Emergency shut down valve to be installed.

Fire fighting equipment shall be installed throughout the Skid

5. 5 MT Tank SRV Release for 15minutes at 9atm LPG Vapor dispersion threat

Direct source: 25cubic meters/sec Source height: 12 meters, Source state: Gas. Source Temperature: equal to ambient Source Pressure: 9 atmospheres Release duration: 5 minutes Release rate: 32,800 kilogram/min Total amount released: 164, 078 kilograms

Model run: Heavy Gas Red: 437 meters---(19000 ppm = PAC -3) Orange: 1-3 kilometers –(3200 ppm = PAC 2) YELLOW: 1.4Kilometers---(3000 PPM=[PAC -1)

Firefighting equipment shall be installed throughout the Skid area

6. 5 MT Tank SRV Release for 60minutes Jet fire from the SRV Pipeline

Leak from short pipe or valve in the tank Flammable chemical is burning as it escapes from the tank Tank Diameter: 1:59 meters Tank Length:8.04 meters Tank Volume: 15, 964 litres Tank contains liquid Internal storage temperature: 300C LPG mass in tank: 5MTons

Threat overpressure (blast force) from vapor cloud explosion. Type of ignition, ignited by spark or flame. Level of congestion: congested model run: heavy gas. Model run: Heavy Gas

Red: LOC was never exceeded – (8.0 psi = destruction of buildings) Orange: 477meters ---(3.5 psi = serious injury likely)

Regular checks to be conducted to ensure that the valves are sealed and that there are no leaks on the pipelines

Pressure testing of fittings after construction

External paint system for corrosion protection


42

Tank is 94% full Circular opening Diameter: 4inches Opening is 1.20meters from the tank bottom Max flame length : 39meters Burn duration: limited the duration to 1 hour Rate: 14,400 pounds/min Max burn rate: 2,230 kilograms/min Total amount burned: 132,246 kilograms Note: the chemical escaped from the tank and burned as a jet fire

Yellow: 617 meters --- (1.0 psi = shatters glass)

Downwind toxic effect

Vapor cloud flash fire Over pressure (blast force) from vapour cloud explosion

7. Road Tanker 5MT – Temperature gauge damaged Threat for UVCE

Leak from hole in horizontal cylindrical tank Flammable gas escaping from tank (not burning) Tank Diameter: 1:77 meters Tank Length:11.4 meters Tank Volume: 28 cubic meters. Tank contains liquid Internal storage temperature: 320C LPG mass in tank: 15.1Tons Tank is 85% full Circular opening Diameter: 2inches Opening is 0.71meters from the tank bottom Release duration: 18minutes Max average sustained release rate: 1,040 kilograms/min (Averaged over a minute or more) Total amount released 13,242 kilograms

Threat: Flammable Area of Vapor Cloud. Model run: Heavy Gas

Red: 102 meters ---(10800 ppm = 60% LEL = Flame pockets)

Yellow: 309 meters --- (1800 ppm = 10% LEL)

Ensure that all gauges are in good working condition

Ensure that all seals on the pipes are properly fixed prior to any trip

Ensure that there are routine checks conducted to avoid leaks and fires

Ensure that the tanker has an ESD button


43

8. Road Tanker 5MT – Temperature gauge damaged Threat for Jet Fire

Leak from hole in horizontal cylindrical tank Flammable gas is burning as it escapes from the tank Tank Diameter: 1:77 meters Tank Length:11.4 meters Tank Volume: 28 cubic meters Tank contains liquid Internal storage temperature: 320C LPG mass in tank: 5MTons Tank is 85% full Max flame length: 11meters Circular opening Diameter: 1inches Max burn rate: 265 kilograms/min Total amount burned: 12,952 kilograms Note: the chemical escaped from the tank And burned as a Jet fire

Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from Jet fire

Red: 20meters—(10.0kW/(sq m) = potentially lethal within 60secs) Orange: 27meters --- (5.0Kw/sq m) = second degree burn within 60 sec) Yellow: 42 meters --- (2.0Kw/sq m) = pain within 60 secs

Regularly conduct routine checks on the vehicles prior to embarking on a trip or product delivery

Ensure that all gauges especially the temperature gauge is working properly

Ensure that the vehicle has an ESD Device

Ensure that the fire fighting system is adequate

9. Road Tanker 5MT – Under bleve

Bleve of Flammable liquid in horizontal cylindrical tank Tank Diameter: 1:77 meters. Tank Length:11.4 meters Tank Volume: 28 cubic meters. Tank contains liquid Internal storage temperature: 320C LPG mass in tank: 15.1Tons Tank is 85% full Percentage of tank mass in fireball: 100% Fireball diameter: 139metres Burn duration: 10 Secs

Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from Fireball

Red: 305meters—--(kW/(sq m) = potentially lethal within 60secs)

Orange: 431meters --- (5.0Kw/sq m) = second degree burn within 60 sec)

Yellow: 671 meters --- (2.0Kw/sq m) = pain within 60 secs

Check the valves and short pipe for cracks and leaks

Ensure that the vehicle is thoroughly checked and has ESD

Ensure good maintenance

Emergency response plan


44

10. Road Tanker 5MT – Threat for Pool fire

Burning puddle/ Pool fire Puddle area: 150 square meters Puddle mass: 5MTons Initial Puddle temperature: -42.20C Flam length: 29meters Burn duration: 12minutes Burn rate: 1,150 kilograms/min Total amount burned: 13,608 kilograms

Threat: Thermal radiation from Pool fire

Red: 51meters—--10.0(kW/(sq m) = potentially lethal within 60secs)

Orange: 66meters -(5.0Kw/sq m) = second degree burn within 60 sec)

Yellow:93 meters - (2.0Kw/sq m) = pain within 60 secs

To ensure regular checks and good maintenance

Drivers adequately trained to handle initial incidence and communicate

11. Road Tanker 5MT – SRV Release UVCE

Direct source: 0.5cubic meters/sec Source height: 2meters Release duration: 30minutes Release rate: 470 grams/min Total amount released:14.1 kilograms Note: this chemical may flash boil and/ or result in two phase flow

Threat: flammable area of Vapor cloud. Model run: Heavy Gas

Red: 443 meters ---(10800 ppm = 60% LEL Flame pockets)

Yellow: 1.3kilometers (1800ppm = 10% LEL)

Regular inspection/ checking for leaks due to cracks, corrosion and leaks

12. LPG Cylinder 12.5kg UVCE

Direct source: 0.47kilograms/min Source height: 0 Release duration: 30minutes Release rate: 470 grams/min Total amount released:14.1 kilograms Note: this chemical may flash boil and/ or result in two phase flow

Threat: flammable area of Vapor cloud. Model run: Heavy Gas

Red: 11 meters ---(10800 ppm = 60% LEL Flame pockets)

Yellow: 11meters (1800ppm = 10% LEL)

Check the cylinders seals and valves for leaks

13. LPG Cylinder 12.5kg Blast over pressure

Direct source: 0.47kilograms/min Source height: 0 Release duration: 30minutes Release rate: 470 grams/min Total amount released:14.1 kilograms

Threat: overpressure (blast force) from vapor cloud explosion. Type of ignition, ignited by spark or flame. Level of congestion: congested Model run: heavy gas. Model run: Heavy Gas

Ensure that the cylinders are properly filled

Remove all sources of ignition, avoid anything that will lead to sparks or naked flame


45

Note: this chemical may flash boil and/ or result in two phase flow

Red: LOC was never exceeded – (8.0 psi = destruction of buildings)

Orange: 477meters ---(3.5 psi = serious injury likely destruction of buildings)

Orange: less than 10meters (10.9 yards)-3.5psi = serious injury likely)

Yellow: 17meters---(1.0 psi = shatters glass)

Safety devices and control instruments to be regularly calibrated

14. LPG Pump release of 800 lit/min of LPG for three minutes

Direct source: 800 liters/min Source height: 0 Sources state: liquid Sources temperature: equal to ambient Release duration: 3minutes Release rate: 443 kilograms/min Total amount released:1,329 kilograms Note: this chemical may flash boil and/ or result in two phase flow

Threat modeled: flammable area of vapor cloud Model run: Heavy Gas

Red: 73meters---(10800 ppm = 60%LEL = Flame pockets) Yellow: 236 meters---(1800ppm = 10%LEL)

Regular inspection of all pumps checking for mechanical seal to prevent leakages and fugitive emission

15. LPG Compressor release of 65.77 CFM, release

Direct source: 5.9meters/min Source height: 0 Sources state: Gas Sources temperature: equal to ambient Source pressure: 10atmospheres Release duration: 1minutes Release rate: 2.32 kilograms/sec Total amount released:139 kilograms

Threat modeled: flammable area of vapor cloud model Model run: Heavy Gas

Red: 41meters---(10800 ppm = 60%LEL = Flame pockets)

Yellow: 236 meters---(1800ppm = 10%LEL)

Regular inspection of flame arrestors and breather valve checking for corrosion

Periodic functional tests of all valves

16. Jet fire Pipeline

External interference, flammable gas is

Threat: Thermal radiation from Jet fire

The choice of the main


46

leak: 4-inch. Full bore failure

burning as it escapes from pipe. Pipe diameter: 6inches Pipe length: 10meters Unbroken end of pipe is connected to an infinite source. Pipe roughness: smooth Hole area: 28.3sqm Pipe press: 5 atmospheres Pipe temperature: 320C Flame length: 22 meters Burn duration: ALOHA limited the duration to 1hr Burn rate: 1,270 kilograms/min Total burned: 47,538 kilograms



Yellow:93 meters --- (2.0Kw/sq m) = pain within 60 secs

pipelines paths to be outside the areas of influence

The thickness of the pipeline is chosen to match the population class near the areas of high activity

Increasing the awareness about the pipeline in the wokforce and regular inspection through the patrol squads

17. Flash fire Pipeline leak 2inch Full bore failure

Construction error/ corrosion Flammable Gas escaping from pipe (not burning) Pipe diameter: 4inches Pipe length: 100meters Unbroken end of pipe is connected to an infinite source. Pipe roughness: smooth Hole area: 12.6sqm Pipe press: 10 atmospheres Pipe temperature: 420C Flame length: 22 meters Release duration: ALOHA limited the duration to 1hr Max average sustained release rate: 449 kilograms/min (averaged over a minute or more) Total amount released: 26,765 kilograms

Threat modeled: Flammable area of vapor cloud. Model run: Heavy Gas

Red: 72meters—--10800ppm = 60% LEL = Flame pockets)

Yellow: 233 meters --- (1800 = 10% LEL)

Hydrostatic test at a pressure of 1.5 times the maximum operating pressure before operating

The most up to date internal testing systems are applied to discover any defects and fix them early

External coating system corrosion protection

Corrosion resistant internal lining

Cathodic protection systems are applied


47

18. Jet fire Pipeline leak through 1sq inch hole in the 4 inch via vapor lane

Earth movement. Flammable gas is burning as it escapes from pipe. Pipe diameter: 4inches Pipe length: 100meters Unbroken end of pipe is connected to an infinite source. Pipe roughness: smooth. Hole area: 1sqm. Pipe press: 10 atmospheres. Pipe temperature: 420C Max Flame length:4 meters. Burn duration: 2minutes. Max burn rate: 99.4kilograms/min Total amount burned: 14.8kilograms Total amount released: 26,765 kilograms

Threat: Thermal radiation from Jet fire



Yellow:16 meters --- (2.0Kw/sq m) = pain within 60 secs

Land is flat with no subsidence

Use of steel pipes which are flexible enough to take the shape of the ground beneath it

The following were considered in establishing the scenarios;

Site Data

Climatic Data

Meteorological data

Atmospheric data/ stability class

Chemical Data

Table 2.3: Climatic Data for Captain Dawnes Area

Morning Temperature 280C

Afternoon Temperature 290C

Night Temperature 28.30C

Chance of rainfall 0% (As at the day of modeling)

Air humidity 75%

Air pressure 1120.7hPa

Wind speed Moderate breeze with 6km/h (7mph) from

North East

Cloud conditions Gathered clouds, covering 69% of the sky

General conditions Sunny day


48

Table 2.4: Chemical Data-properties, Thermochemistry and hazards

LPG

PROPERTIES

Molecular formula C3H8

Molar mass 44.10g mol-1

Appearance Colorless gas

Odor Odourless

Density 2.0098mg mol-1 at 00C, 101.3KPa)

Melting point -187.70C; -42.040C

Boiling point -42.25 to – 42.040C; 44.05 tp – 43.67 0F, 230.90 to 231.11K

Solubility in water 40mg L-1 (at 0C)

Log P 2.236

Vpor pressure 853.16kPa (at 21.10C)

KH 15nmol Pa -1 kg-1

THERMOCHEMISTRY

Std enthalpy of formation -105.2 – 104.2 kjmol-1

Std enthalpy of combustion -2.2197 – 2.2187 MJ mol-1

Specific heat capacity, C 73.60 JK mol-1

HAZARDS

MSDS

Global Harmonious system (GHS) Pictograms

GHS Signal word DANGER

GHS Hazard statements H220

GHS Precautionary statements P210

EU Index 601-003-00-5

EU Classification

R-Phrases R12

S-Phrases (S2), S16

NFPA 704 Standard system for the identification of the hazards of materials for emergency

response

Flash Point -1040C, 1550F; 169K

Auto Ignition Temperature 5400C, 1,0040F, 813K

Explosive limits 2.37 – 9.5%

RELATED COMPOUNDS

Related alkenes Ethane Ethyl idodide n-Propyl iodide isopropyl idodide butane butyl iodide

Related compounds Dilpdohydroxypropane


49

Risk associated with the proposed project that were not modeled are

presented in the Table 2.5 Below

Item Description of Hazard (circumstance)

Probability (A-E)

Consequences (1-5)

Total Inherent Risk

Controls Mitigation

1. Failure of tank base

B 5 B5 Medium Tank design basis. Tank design and construction done to ISO: 9000: 2000 specifications

Availability of an emergency response plan, soil remediation and use of PPE, fire fighting equipment with external support

2. Structural failure of storage tank staircase

B 5 B4 Medium Tank design basis and regular checks. Use of PPE and adherence to work permit system

Medical emergency response plan

3. Failure of roof on storage tanks

B 4 B4 Medium Tank construction done by reputable contractor. International tank construction codes used

Presence of well-equipped medical clinic around the Skid

4. Failure of tanks gauging system

B 3 B3 Low Establishment procedures and equipment for manual gauging of storage tanks

Installation of good communication link between off loading vessel terminal. Activation of spill ERP

5. Absence of cathodic protection system for

B 4 B4 Medium Anti corrosion –painting of tanks on a

Presence of drainage system within the Skid


50

storage tanks regular basis or when deemed necessary for safe operation

6. Incident fall into the tank through manhole

B 4 B4 Medium Adherence to permit to work

Medical emergency response team

7. Breakage of earthing vessel for storage tank

B 5 B5 High Regular checks and testing of earth cable and installation of lightning arrestor on tanks roofs

Regular keeping of fire fighting equipment in Skid against future occurrence

8. Failure of water sprinklers around the storage tank

B 5 B5 High Design basis and installation of QA/QC as well as regular maintenance

Availability of firefighting equipment

9. Failure of mobile foam pourer

B 5 B5 High Adequate supply of foam mobile foam pourer and regular maintenance

Multiple mobile firefighting equipment

10. Usage of steel made can

B 5 B5 Medium Use of brass made can and engagement of experienced personnel in obtaining product sample from tanks

Availability of firefighting equipment in tankfarm engagement of qualified laboratory chemist

11. Failure of drainage system

B 3 B3 Low Terminal has good drainage system which

Emergency flood control plan, which includes the usage of


51

empties into separator pit

pumping machine

12. Failure of lightning arrestor

B 4 B4 Medium Design basis of lightning arrestors, 33m high each

Earthing for each tank. Emergency response plan and adequate fire fighting equipment

13 Failure of bund wall

B 5 B5 Medium Bund wall design philosophy and construction

Implementation of emergency spill recovery plans and use of spill recovery plans and use of spill recovery equipment in addition

14. Presence of ignition sources in hazardous areas

B 5 B5 Medium Placement of signs around the Gas Skid and access authorization process for hazardous areas

Activation of firefighting equipment and terminal evacuation plan

15. Rupture of piping within bund wall area

B 2 B2 Low Visual inspection of pipes for evidence of corrosion

Spill recovery plan and equipment in addition to foam pourers

16. Incorrect manual reading of product level in tank

B 4 B4 Medium Adequate training for operations personnel

Spill emergency recovery plan and communication link with storage tank

17. Failure of fire water pump

B 5 B5 Medium Redundancy system design

Fire fighting support from neighbors and other third parties

18. Failure of B 5 B5 Medium Regular Firefighting


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hydrant line inlet valve

maintenance and checks on valve

support from other third parties

19. Absence of jockey pump

B 4 B4 Medium Power rating of fire water pump is such that will build up pressure in hydrant line over sometime

Availability of external fire fighting support

20. Rupture/ erosion of fire water tank

B 5 B5 Medium Initial water tank design and construction done to ISO standards

Adequate drainage system around the Skid, as well as provision of back up source of water from neighboring areas in the event of fire

21. Leakage through B 3 B3 Low Pump maintenance with seal replacement at recommended intervals

Pump isolation procedure and usage of mobile foam pourer to reduce product vapour

22. Faulty calibration / failure of product meters

B 3 B3 Low Meter recalibration is done at recommended intervals

Spill emergency recovery plan

23. Failure of seals in utility power generators

B 3 B3 Low Regular maintenance of generators

Clean up of spill and provision of fire extinguishers for generator house

24. Absence of earthing systems

C 5 C5 High Adherence to maintenance

Regular servicing of


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in generators and generator house

schedule for generator though fire extinguishers shall be made available

fire extinguishers in generator house

25. Exposed electrical cables

B 5 B5 Medium Cable standards meet IEE specifications and are all insulated

Use of adequate PPE and availability of DCP fire extinguishers

26. Partial electrical contact

B 3 B3 Medium Adherence to work permit system and use of adequate PPE

Repair/ reconnection of equipment done by qualified personnel and provision of DCP fire extinguishers

27. B 4 B4 Medium Scheduled testing of loading arms at recommended intervals

Activation of ESD system and emergency spill response team

28. Improper handling of product while dispensing product into the storage tank

B 5 B5 Medium Proper training and supervision of the Gas Skid operational personnel

Activation of ESD system and spill control system

29. Truck/ earthing failure

B 5 B5 High Proper loading procedures and checklist for trucks

Adequate distribution of fire fighting facilities in loading bay as well as activation of ESD system

30. Lack of spark arrestors on tanker trucks

C 5 C5 High Checklist for trucks

Adequate distribution of fire fighting facilities in


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loading bay as well as activation of ESD system

31. Metal to Metal contact on truck man hole

B 5 B5 Medium Checklist for trucks

Availability of fire fighting system around the loading bay

32. Imperfect weld of tanker compartments

B 4 B4 Medium Truck check list with emphasis on tank integrity

Usage of fire fighting system and spill emergency response team

33. Excessive voltage in the terminal

B 5 B5 Medium

34. Lack of good communication

B 5 B5 High Communication procedures enunciated in SMS and use of type approved HF radios within the Skid

Emergency response plan to check the adverse effect of communication gap and review

35. Inadequate training

A 5 A5 Medium Training programs carried out to suit the operations of the Skid

Activation of emergency response plan to check the adverse effect of inadequate training and review of training programmes in terms of scope

36. Inadequate supervision

A 5 A5 Medium Plant organogram provides for supervisory roles by

Activation of emergency response plan to check any adverse effect


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qualified and experienced personnel

of inadequate supervision

37. Presence of heat sources just outside the Gas Skid fence dew to the densely populated regular meetings neighborhood

B 5 B5 Medium Regular meetings with the residence in the community and other industrial concerns around the vicinity. Use of sprinkler system to keep tank temperatures in check. Regular maintenance of sprinkler system

Consistent performance of fire drills and constant readiness for emergency situation. Ensure alertness of medical emergency response team

38. Inaccessibility of the Skid due to congestion on access roads in the event of needing external firefighting supports and evacuation from the facility

A 5 A5 Medium Continuous tanker driver education on parking procedure. Truck park within the facility to accommodate operations

Preparedness of fire response. Regular checks around the facility to check for threats and likelihood of agents of fire incidents for the purpose of elimination.


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Table 2.6: Positive Impacts of the Gas Skid Project

Project phase Environmental Impact Impact

Description

Throughout the entire

project phase

Opportunity for employment and

contracting

BENEFICIAL

Skills acquisition BENEFICIAL

Local economic enhancement BENEFICIAL

Improved infrastructure for the host

community

BENEFICIAL

Increase in Revenue to the Federal

Government, Lagos state government

and the local government area.

2.3 Risk acceptance

Risks to the public can be considered to be broadly acceptable. The risks were

calculated from the result of the consequence analysis of the failure cases and the

estimation of the frequencies of those cases. The results of the QRA report shows that

the risk contour (which is the risk of fatality to the public) does not appear as the

operation does not have dense population around it and the volume of LPG to be

handled is small. However, the 5x10-7 risk of injury contour appears but with a limited

effect and it is acceptable for population to exist within its environs.

Make the changes (Control measures)

Key point: It is our responsibility to fix hazards. Sometimes a staff of the Gas Skid may

be able to fix simple hazards yourself, as long as no one is at risk. For example, a staff

of the Plant can pick up things from the floor and put them away to eliminate a trip

hazard. The best way to fix a hazard is to get rid of it altogether.


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In assessing control measures for the impacts identified, the under listed shall be well

considered by the Gas Skid.

Safeguards - Safeguards can be added by modifying tools or equipment, or fitting

guards to machinery. These must never be removed or disabled by workers using

the equipment.

Elimination - Sometimes hazards - equipment, substances or work practices - can

be avoided entirely.

Substitution - Sometimes a less hazardous thing or work practice can be used.

Isolation - Separate the hazard from people, by marking the hazardous area,

fitting screens or putting up safety barriers.

Instructing workers in the safest way to do something - This means

developing/enforcing safe work procedures. Staff on work experience must be

given information/ instruction and must follow agreed procedures to ensure their

safety.

Using personal protective equipment and clothing (PPE) - If risks remain

after the options have been tried, it may be necessary to use equipment such as

safety glasses, gloves, helmets and ear muffs. PPE can protect staff from hazards

associated with jobs

2.4 Control Measures

We shall Constitute Safety Committees and appoint dedicated safety personnel

We shall conduct job hazard analysis for operations

We shall hold safety meetings at all levels regularly, at least, Monthly

We shall Investigate all incidents/accidents including near misses

Inspection of our facility (Equipment, Machinery, Vehicle etc) for safety conduct

emergency drills (Fire Drill)

We shall Delegate line supervisors as HSE Focal points

We shall offer safety up-date training personnel

Deployment of Safety Symbols and Signs in all areas


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2.5 Traffic and Driving

Due diligence should be done while truck comes to unload to be contained in the

Standard Operating Procedures

Drivers must obey all traffic signs, regulations while in and outside the Skid

Customers are to park at designated car park outside the Skid area

Overloading of vehicles with cylinders is to be avoided.

2.6 Our HSE (PPE) Requirements

Normal mandatory Gas Skid PPE:

Nose masks

Hard hat

Safety goggles

Non slip oil resistant, anti-static safety foot wear with integral steel-toe cap

Over coat for supervisor / full overall or operators

Vinyl or leather gloves


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PART THREE

3.0 MANAGING HAZARDS AT THE FACILITY

Our managers shall be responsible for observance of project guidelines governing HSE

in the Gas Skid. Furthermore, we have identified safety as a watch word in our

proposed facility and therefore we are committed to practice safe in all our operations

Furthermore, our site shall be built in such a way that safety measures are well

considered and we shall encourage Site Specific Service Regulations and Assessment for

our Skid. The success of HSE Program rest in commitment of all members of workforce

to plan and practice as we plan to have in our case and all employees are accountable

for his/her own actions and must observe the HSE rules and instructions applicable to

the Gas Skid. The DPR as a regulatory body stipulates the minimum requirement for the

HSE that is meant to be in place along with all operations which we shall adhere to.

Rules can never be made for each and every situation and our employees shall take

care in their work at all times.

3.1 Access Control

Restricted areas in our Skid area shall be clearly marked well demarcated and

enforced at times both during and after operations.

General public will not be allowed into our filling shed to avoid unsafe acts

Our LPG operations shall take place between the hours of 8am & 6pm daily.

The contact details of relevant people and department in DPR field office shall be

displayed conspicuously in our Skid premises should in case of emergency

All authorized vehicles entering into Skid shall be fitted with spark arrestors from

the gate

All our members of Staff and contractor personnel entering the facility shall be duly

registered and issued with an identification barge.

We shall deploy adequate proper safety notices and warnings shall be strategically

located and conspicuously displayed at all times around our Skid


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Our Skid shall be free of any unauthorized persons, unused or disused equipment

Our Firefighting equipment shall be installed in all areas around the Skid coupled

with the hydrant points and relevant training of personnel shall be made.

Movement of persons around our Skid shall be restricted to authorized places only.

3.2 Basic Safety in the our Skid

Our Staff shall learn how to use fire extinguishers.

Our Staff shall wear work specific PPEs.

Our Staff shall keep aisles and walking area free from obstructions.

We shall ground all electrical equipment.

Use of helmet, coverall, nose masks and safety shoes is required during our

operations

Everybody entering our Skid is obliged to comply with these regulations and with

any other legal requirements currently in force.

Failure to comply with our regulations by Company employees constitutes a

violation of the employment Contract.

Our visitors are forbidden to enter the area sign-posted as ―Dangerous Area‖. The

entire Skid or storage area shall be considered as a ―Dangerous Area‖.

It is forbidden to take the following items into the “Danger Area” in the

Skid:

Equipment with a naked flame

Lighters, matches or other items or materials which could produce spark, flames or

spontaneous ignition

Firearms or explosive materials

Lamps and portable torches with storage batteries of a non-approved type

Cameras fitted with a flash

Mobile Phones

It is forbidden to carry out the following operations/actions in our Skid.


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Smoke

Drive vehicles in a dangerous manner.

Light flames, produce sparks or cause any form of burning.

Leave cloths impregnated with inflammable liquids in the area.

Pile up crates, wood, sawdust, debris, wood shavings, paper and the like.

It is forbidden to leave vehicles in places which may cause an obstacle. Vehicles

must be parked such that they may be speedily driven away.

Vehicles fitted with petrol, diesel, methane or LPG driven engines which are to

circulate in the “SKID” shall be fitted with a suitable flame damper on the exhaust.

This shall be fitted at the entrance to the Skid area.

3.2.1 General Instructions in our Skid, it is forbidden to:

Use naked flames or equipment which can produce sparks or flames

Use lamps or hand torches if they are not of a type authorized by our personnel

Smoke

Enter the Skid area without authorization

Perform any operations on factory machinery and/or equipment unless expressly

authorized.

Use cameras, with or without flash

Move vehicles outside the prescribed areas

Exceed the indicated speed limits

Perform maintenance operations on any vehicles in the station

3.2.2 For (Customers) Regarding Access to and time spent in the Skid

It is compulsory to:

Attach flame damper to vehicle exhaust

Conform with all instructions of Rainoil Limited personnel

Obtain a work permit before carrying out any work on the Skid.

Comply with safety instructions

Conform to internal road signs and observe, all directional instruction


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3.2.3 For Drivers Inside the Skid: (if the vehicle is assigned to LPG transport)

Park the vehicle in the designated spaces for loading/unloading

Conform to the Rainoil Limited Gas Skid prescriptions for these operations and

always take care to:

Switch off engine and hand over key to designated person of the company

Place wedges under the wheels for stability and remain around till end of

operations

Remove the wedges and drive the vehicle outside the Skid when the

loading/unloading operations have been completed and relative authorization has

been given by Skid personnel

3.3 Workplace Inspection

Our Health and safety inspection shall be carried out to:

Look for opportunities to improve on our current OHS systems;

Identify immediate or potential hazards around our Skid;

Respond immediately to any unsafe situation or activity; and

Demonstrate that management is serious about improving safety for all employees

in our Company.

Provide feedback on good safety practices for our installation;

Assess the safety of current activities of our Gas Skid;

3.4 Equipment Maintenance and Records

We shall carry out constant check if equipment is damaged or outdated

All our tools and machinery shall be inspected regularly for wear or leaks

All our machines and tools shall be cleaned regularly

All our equipment shall be repaired promptly should incase of damage

All our equipment shall be in good working order, with all necessary guards or

safety features operational and in place


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3.5 Vehicle Maintenance and Records

We shall have a Vehicle Maintenance and Records log book which shall contain the

state of all our vehicles ranging from the Company normal vehicles and that of the

trucks in view. Our vehicle maintenance and Records log book, also known as an auto

maintenance log book, shall be handy and made available to regulators at any time it’s

requested for. A copy is attached to the report.

3.6 Safety against fire in our Skid area

Our Storage tank shall be fabricated with carbon mild steel material, the Ark

welding of metal joints shall be used, also, All our piping shall be coated with anti

rusts paints

The Filling of cylinders will be done in the open space at the filling platform

We shall provide adequate space at forecourt and the canopy area

All our piping will be installed above ground level

The whole of the flooring of the fence will be filled with granite chips to disallow

growing of weeds, take care of dropping tools either during service or maintenance

We shall control queues of motor vehicles by attendants/manager and law

enforcement personnel shall be encouraged

A wire mesh at least 2m high will be provided to enclose the filling/gas storage area

The decanting/ dispenser pump will be well covered with enough ventilation

Cylinders shall be stored only in a place with adequate ventilation and will not be

exposed to excessive heat

Our Overhead surface tank shall be coated externally with anti corrosion

Our Tanks and piping shall be subjected to integrity tests as required

We shall engage in the Employment of knowledgeable and skillful individuals in HSE

radio communication/contact numbers of Federal and Lagos State Fire Services

We shall install ―No smoking sign‖ while GSM use will also be prohibited

Vehicle engine switch off notices shall be displayed

The use of protective personal equipment PPE shall be enforced in our plant.

Adequate and constant training for our employed staff


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We shall Only employ skilled workers

We shall practice good housekeeping

We shall make First aid available and also have Retainership with a health centre

Firefighting equipment: extinguishers, fire hydrants, shall be strategically located

There shall be routine inspection for leakages often in our Skid areaFirefighting

equipment and fire hydrants shall be installed all around our Skid area

Warning and safety signs conspicuously displayed all around the Skid for both

personnel and customers to see.

3.7 Safety against corrosion/ leakages

Before installation over ground surface tanks are to be subjected to hydrostatic

pressure test to ensure that they are leak free.

Cylinders pressure test station shall be provided where their integrity will be tested

as prescribed by standard organization of Nig., SON, cylinder maintenance code.

Storage tanks wit be coated with an anti-rust paints

All pipes and storage tanks will have installed cathodic protection

3.8 Handling of Cylinder Safety

5-point safety check: The LPG handler performs the 5-point safety check as follows:

Regulator: Check the regulator to ensure it is not worn out or expired. Change

the regulator every five years. Use only regulators with the Safety Mark.

Rubber Hose: Check the rubber hose to ensure it is not worn out or expired.

Change the rubber hose every two years.

Hose Clips: Check the hose clips to ensure that they are in good working

condition and properly secured.

Cylinder: Check the LPG cylinder for cracks.

Leak Test: Check for gas leaks by applying soap solution on cylinder joints. The

appearance of soap bubbles will indicate a leak point. Do not use an open flame to

detect leaks.


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3.9 The identifiable hazards in handling/ operations are:

Impact from the blast of a gas cylinder explosion or rapid release of gas;

Contact with the released gas or fluid

Fire resulting from the escape of flammable gases or fluids (such as LPG);

Impact from falling cylinders; and manual handling injuries

Impact from parts of gas cylinders or valves that fail, or any flying debris;

3.10 The main causes of accidents are:

Poor examination and maintenance

Poor handling;



Poor installation;



Hidden damage.

Poor storage;


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PART FOUR

4.0 TRAINING

4.1 Employee Orientation

Orientation shall be made compulsory for all employees irrespective of designation; so

far the individual works in the Plant. All our employee shall undergo an orientation

program which shall make them get familiar to the Skid in general once it’s installed

before the operations, once the operation starts, we shall also train all our staff on the

dos and don’ts and also avail them the various information needed to be a staff of our

company.

4.2 Site Specific Orientation

The orientation in this case shall also cover safety gadgets that we propose to put in

place with adequate training on how to use them. Our Training shall be site specific;

this shall come in form of regular power point safety orientation presentation, also,

physical awareness of taking a walk round the Skid and also the project development

area as we believe the orientation is meant to be beyond our facility but a good

knowledge of surrounding properties..

4.3 On the Job training record

A continuous training and Re-training on the job shall also be carried out, since not all

our employees are expected to be experienced in the field of Gas handling, by this,

accurate training prior and on the job shall be given. Moreso, intermittent training shall

be given to all members of Staff as a refresher course in different modules as pertaining

the handling of Gas Skid and its installations.

4.4 Training

Regular and relevant training shall be carried out every Month in house and externally.

The specific lesson plans and training topics will be maintained and tracked by our in

house HSE Manager and activated by the Operations Manager.


67

Our Personnel shall be trained in basic firefighting skills. Additionally, regular drills shall

be conducted on a weekly basis, including basic firefighting, first aid drills, use of

emergency equipment, understanding escape points, muster points, Training for

company drivers and Public health. Our Personnel will also receive site specific training

in the ERP.

Our HSE department, which shall stand as an operational arm of the management shall

as a matter of priority make available a mandatory a safety briefing induction training

prior to start of work in our LPG facility, furthermore, all Company staff and contractor

personnel will be made to attend all induction training as this shall be recorded in the

training register for future reference.

The following is the general training program we shall organize for our staff:

a. Our Training will cover evacuation procedures, incident discovery, notifications,

fire extinguishers, and first aid.

b. All our employees will be re trained whenever the plan is changed.

c. When any of our employees changes areas in which they work, they will receive

from their Supervisor training in their responsibilities and actions as required by

the ERP for their new area.

d. All our Employees will receive training in the general ERP Procedures and specific

area procedures related to the ERP.


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Competency checklist

SPECIFICATION COMPETENCY

Skid Manager

Academic Diploma/ Degree from recognized University/ Polytechnic

Experience 5 years in LPG facility operations

Work related

Skills

Experiencing in LPG operations

Basic computer knowledge

Fire fighting skills, evacuation procedures, responses

Knowledge of First aid and ERP

Attributes Ability to work rotating shifts, weekends and holidays

Interact with co-workers in a corteous and professional

manner

Knowledge of all facets of LPG operations

Good communication skills

Team work

Mechanical aptitude

Physical activity/ strength (lifting/ carrying/ pulling and

climbing)


HSE Officers

Academic Diploma/ Degree from recognized University/ Polytechnic

Experience 2 or non-years in LPG facility operations

Work related

Skills

Experience in Oil &Gas operations

Physical fitness

Fire fighting




manner


Team work


climbing)


69


Skid Supervisor

Academic Secondary School Leaving Certificate


Work related

Skills


Physical fitness

Fire fighting




manner


Team work


climbing)


Operators



Work related

Skills


Physical fitness

Fire fighting




manner


Team work


climbing)


70


Security



Work related

Skills

Experience in the security field and safety

Physical fitness

Fire fighting




manner


Team work


climbing)


71

PART FIVE

EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN

5.0 Emergency Response Plan (ERP)

Our Company shall adopt a good emergency response plan with a high level of

specificity and designed based on our location, more so that it’s a corner piece.

At Rainoil Limited, we understand that the Emergency response is an important and

integral part of our SHE being an action taken in response to an unexpected and

dangerous occurrence in an attempt to mitigate its impact on people or the

environment, more so, knowing fully well that all Gas Skid inclusive of ours being

proposed is hazardous in nature.

5.1 Objectives

The Objectives of the Emergency response and disaster management plan

are viz: Environmental Response Plan Resource Assessment

General Evacuations

To prevent casualties both on site and off site

To reduce damage to property, machinery, public and the environment

To develop a state of readiness for a prompt and orderly response to an emergency

and to establish a high order of preparedness commensurate with the risk involved

To provide an incident management organogram with clear mission and lines of

authority

To ensure an orderly and timely decision making and response process

(notification, standard operating procedure)

To maintain good public relations

The types of emergency that can be expected in an LPG bottling Skids are:

Fire

Explosion

Vapour cloud explosion

LPG spillages and leakages


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Furthermore, these specific types of emergencies are considered for the Skid:

An incident within the facility

An incident occurring outside the facility where a hazardous material is under the

responsibility of the Plant

Secondary events of knock-on effects arising within or outside the facility (e.g

community disturbances or truck accidents, which could lead to security threats) In

the event of major fire incidents, the fire service shall be allowed to take charge of

the incident and liaise with the top management of the Company and other

emergency service providers.

5.2 Roles and responsibilities

This roles and responsibilities are developed so as to avoid duplications of roles

in arresting an emergency. The Team of the emergency response plan of the

Company (ERT) shall be responsible for the coordination of incident response

activities/ coordination of the Plant.

Members of the Gas Skid plant emergency response team shall be:

B-ERT Commander - Skid Manager / Managing Director

Deputy crisis commander - Security officer

HSE Manager - Member liaison

Maintenance Manager - Member Support Service

Operations Manager - Member On Scene Commander

Finance Manager - Member support service

In addition to the specific responsibilities of the individual TERT members, the TERT shall

be responsible for:

Completely educating itself concerning all facets of the incident: operational,

technical, financial, human relations, legal, public relations, governmental and media-

related.

Establishment and maintaining of secure communications links with the Skid,

including coordinated communications.


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Sharing with other TERT members the information accumulated during interactions

with the plant.

In response to the Terminal’s request, providing technical, operational, financial,

legal, medical, HSE, human relations, third party materials or services procurement,

media or government relations advice, and related assistance and support, consistent

with VTTI Corporation’s capabilities.

Preparation of post-incident reports assessing the effectiveness of the TERT’s

response and the institution of procedural changes in the TERT.

Continuous participation on a round-the-clock basis, as necessary and as matter of

the highest priority, until or unless the Crisis Commander declares otherwise or the

TERT is deactivated.

5.2.1 Emergency Response Commander

Ensure Government and Regulatory Agencies are adequately updated

Establish a Media Strategy to ensure proper information flow, timely and accurate

communication.

He communicates with the operations manager

He coordinates the emergency response team

He communicates with external agencies if required

Assign responsibilities to members of TERT Members, as he deems necessary.

Appraise the response actions on a continuous basis and provide advice on the

next course of action.

Coordinates the acquisition of additional response resources and mutual

organizations

Prepare a consolidated report of the response at the end of the crisis.

Sustain capacities within the Skid’s for Emergency Response

Together with the TERT, evaluate the emergency situation and advise on next

course of action.


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5.2.2 Skid security officer

Liaises with local security agencies and the police station.

In charge of safe access of emergency vehicles, managing the security guards to

ensure that the external areas are free from obstacles

Informs and directs the focal point of private security services providers

Renders support as situation demands

He communicates to the law enforcement agencies

Receives information that may be of threat from the surrounding to the

Company/ Gas Skid

5.2.3 HSE Manager

Checks the response strategy and activities to ensure they are in accordance

with recognized technical methods or standards.

Responsible for accuracy of technical information and ensuring relevant technical

records and documents are retained for future investigation/liability.

He is the liaison link between the Tactical Response Team and the TERT

Ensures Emergency Response Plan is tested and tried through simulations and

drills.

Ensures all potential HSE issues and concerns are identified and adequately

addressed:

Develops a security plan to identify and address all potential security issues to do

with Corporation Assets, employees and other third parties involved, and

investigative matters.

Provide in-house training for staff Report to the Terminal HSE Manager or

Operations Manager any employees who are not wearing PPE or violating safety

instructions given by the Safety Officer.

To assist the Terminal HSE Manager in issuing work permits to contractors and

Company staff prior to tank entry, work at heights, hot work or any other

function that requires independent safety assessment.


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Ensure that all persons including visitors are issued with the necessary PPE with

respect to the areas of the Terminal they are visiting.

Ensure that all persons issued with PPE, wear them appropriately.

Monthly, inspect all the safety equipment, PPE and fire-fighting equipment.

To ensure that all required safety signs are clearly posted.

To ensure that all staff attend at least one safety meeting per month.

To ensure that no employee commences any work without having prior training

unless under direct supervision.

To ensure that weekly safety meetings for all staff including relevant managers

are held and the minutes of the meetings kept on record.

Ensures event recorders document all key strategic issues and technical

information regarding the incident.

To ensure that all persons working within the facilities have Personal Protection

Equipment.

Maintain a log in chronological order of all events pertaining to the crisis as they

occur.

Be the Secretary to TERT Meetings and take minutes of deliberations during

these meetings.

Prepare a consolidated report for the Crisis Commander at the end of the crisis.

Establishes a communication link with the Federal, State and Local Government

Agencies

Determines and advises on the levels of security support needed from time to

time

Advises on the requirements of technical support services required for Tactical

Response

Brief personnel in assigned muster area on:

Situation as reported by On-scene Commander

Code of conduct while in muster area

Evacuation procedure if need arises


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5.2.4 HSEC Manager

Review incidents requirements and activate HSE support resources as

appropriate

Audits emergency response plan periodically to ensure its effectiveness

Analyses incidents reports and provides advice on critical issues

5.2.5 Operations Manager on scene Commander

In charge of the tactical response team

Activates members of TRT

Establishes TRT Command Post

Communicates details of emergency to employees

Receives and reports incidents

Assumes on scene command

Establishes direct line of communication to Muster point captains

Ensures own safety and that of fellow responders

Alerts other personnel about nature and location of incident

5.2.6 Maintenance Manager

Under direct ERC instruction, a competent Mechanical and electrical expert will

be assigned with the maintenance of the Skid facilities according to documented

procedures.

5.2.7 Finance Manager

The Finance Manager ensures that potential financial; claims and insurance implications

arising from the incident are identified and addressed:

a. Liability: - whether there are limits by statute or otherwise to the amount of the

liability.

b. Insurance: - what extent of insurance coverage is applicable to the liabilities.

c. Claims: - development of guidelines to address all aspects of claims.


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d. Determines the extent of the Company’s involvement and responsibility for the

incident and advises on the kind of response action that would reduce exposure

to damages, enforcement and penalty actions.

5.2.8 Visitors

All visitors during emergency should proceed to the muster points where head

count will be done to ascertain that all persons within the plant are account for.

5.3 Emergency classification

Emergency incidents shall be classified by the level of response that will be

required. The probable emergencies shall be categorized into three broad levels

on the basis of seriousness and response requirements, which are given as:

Level -1 Emergency: This is an emergency or an incident

I. Which can be effectively and safely managed

II. Contained within the site, location or installation by the available

resources

III. It has no impact outside the site, location or installation

Level -2 Emergency: This is an emergency or an incident that:

I. Cannot be effectively and safely managed or contained at the site, by

available resource thus, an additional support is required

II. It has the potential to have an effect beyond the site, therefore an

external support of mutual aid partner may be involved

III. It is likely to be danger to life, the environment, to company assets or

reputation

Level -3 Emergency: This is an emergency or an incident that:

I. Could be catastrophic and likely to affect the population, property and

environment inside and outside the Skid

II. The local government or the state do the management and control of the

incident


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5.4 Activation of B-ERT

Upon the initial notification details regarding the incident and any specific needs

of the Gas Skid shall be transmitted writing to the B-ERT. Recognizing that all

desired information may not be immediately available; this information shall be

updated on a regular basis or as significant new details becomes known. Based

on the nature and services of the incident the crisis commander shall decide

whether to activate the B-ERT and that which level to be activated. Commander

on the status of onsite activities and to give directives of actions to be taken. The

HSE Manager shall monitor crisis responses activities and provide regular status

report and update to the crisis commander and the B-ERT members.

5.5 Crisis Command Centre (CCC)

The Conference Room will serve as the Crisis Command Centre. In the event that

an emergency or incident escalates to the extent that co-ordination of response

action from the Office is hampered, the Crisis Command will relocate to the

Alternate Crisis Command Center if there is, from there the Crisis Commander

will continue to co-ordinate incident response.

5.6 Emergency Plan / Evacuation Procedure

In case of emergency

Do not panic.

Sound Emergency/Fire alarm.

Shut down any equipment around you.

Non-staff and customers shall evacuate the premises immediately.

Our staff shall move quickly to fire base near the gate house.

Our designated sectional fire marshal shall be informed.

If it is safe, we shall try to stop the source of Gas leakage/fire

We shall fight the fire with the available fire control equipment if possible.

We shall give information/announcement if necessary and

Return to work if safe to do so otherwise follow further instruction.


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Our HSE will send for external help before situation gets out of control.

We shall take roll call of all the people present in the plant.

5.7 Fires and Fire Evacuations for our Gas Skid area

When a fire alarm sounds, everyone evacuate the facility immediately.

Our emergency personnel shall be immediately notified on the scene if you

suspect that someone may be trapped inside the building.

On discovering a fire, our Staff shall immediately dial the Fire services number

which shall be displayed in the plant

5.7.1 Fire Marshal Training

In view of our Emergency response plans, we shall have full time staff working in

the Skid area and the security personals with adequate training on fire. The staff

shall be trained by selected representatives of Federal, Lagos State Fire Services

and relevant institutes. This training shall cover two days of intensive training

and practical drills and trainees are allowed to demonstrate on hose handling

under a very high pressure, all these and more we shall put in place in our Skid.

5.7.2 LPG Flammable Product Emergency Response Plan

Purpose

The purpose of this procedure is to address how our employees at Rainoil Limited

must respond to fire outbreak irrespective of the level of the fire.

2. Responsibility

It is the responsibility of our Skid Manager and trained fire marshals to

implement this.

3. The Procedure

In the event of any fire out break or any explosive environment all our

employees are expected to follow the following path outlined in the flow chart

shown below. In addition: try to control the leakage, cool the storage tank, poor

water on the floor area to cool the environment.


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START POSITION

FIG 5.1: RAINOIL LIMITED SKID FIRE EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN

FIRE EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN

30 – 60 seconds

Incident At Rainoil Gas Skid

Immediate

notification

Sound Fire

Alarm

Recognition

Notify General

Manager

Evacuate

Personnel

Skid Manager

Notify the Managing

Director

Notify Police

Call the Lagos State

Fire service

Call the

Benue State

Police Force

Continue to Fight

Fire/Rescue Victims

Evacuate to

The Muster point and

Take Roll call

Stabilized Situation

Resumption of Normal Operations


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START

Incident

Recognition

Immediate Notifications

Sound Fire Alarm

Skid Manager Evacuate Personne

l

Notify GM

Coordinator

Notify MD

Office

Call Police

Call State Fire Service

Evacuate to Fire Base

Take Role call

Continue to Fight

Fire/Rescue Victims

Call Police

Normalize Situation

Resume Normal

Operations

30 – 60 seconds


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5.7.3 MEDICAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN

PURPOSE

The purpose of this response procedure is to educate all employees on the steps that

must be taken in the event of medical emergencies including first aid injuries, release of

toxic materials, Burns and all forms of illnesses.

SCOPE

Covers all medical and spill incidents

1. RESPONSIBILITY

It is the responsibility of the Skid Manager through the company Doctor to

implement this plan.

2. THE PROCEDURE


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START

Yes

Incident

Normalize Situation

INLAND HOSPITAL

Fatality?

Rescue Victims

Medical

Skid Manager

Call for first Aid

1-3 Minutes

Notify Site SHE

Leader

Call Ambulance

Notify Managing Director

Sound Alarm

Evacuate site

In case of

collapsed

structure

Call State Fire

Brigade

Evacuate to Fire Base

No


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5.7.4 CIVIL RIOTS EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN

PURPOSE

The purpose of this procedure is train the employees on step by step activities they

must perform in case of civil riots and protect emergency to reduce or eliminate loss of

life, environmental degradation and all forms of property losses.

SCOPE

Covers All Riots and protest cases

1. RESPONSIBILITY

The Skid manager is to ensure that these procedures are implemented in the Skid.

2. THE GENERAL

In the events of civil riots and protests the employees within the premises are

encouraged to activate the emergency procedures that appear below.


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START

Civil Protest/Riots

CIVIL RIOTS RESPONSE PLAN

Planned?

Notify Skid Manager

Close Gate From

Visitors

Alert Security Agencies

Immediate Notifications

Notify Police

Notify Managing Director

Police

Notify G M Police

Alert All Alert All Alert All Alert All

Shut Gate

From Visitors

Call anti

Riot Police

Police to Control the riot

Inform all Employees

Open major

gates and does extra security

search

Gate remain closed

until police put situation under control

Start normal operation

Security Confirm threat and location

No

Yes


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5.8 Emergency Drill Record

Emergency Drill intended to be used for our Skid area shall be and completed by our

Skid Manager who shall be responsible for the monitoring supervisory staff and where

applicable employee responses and also for assessing the operation of specified building

features during comprehensive fire drills and at any time the fire alarm audible signal

activates as the case may be, sensitizing all people in the plant. Our Plant shall conduct

drills and exercises to demonstrate and improve our effective emergency responses.

Incident and action items arising from the drills shall be logged and followed up to

assure continued improvement making our Skid installation HSE Compliant. Safety drills

shall be engaged in weekly and the logs of safety drills, audits and assessment shall be

carried out periodically and made available to the DPR staff on demand. We intend to

organize an in-house drill every Thursday of every week. The form shall be suitable for

documenting silent drills and table talk drills. This form/ record are intended to serve as

documentation of persons that participated in fire drills done in our plant. A typical form

we shall engage in is attached along with this report.

5.9 Emergency drill evaluation

The records as discussed above shall be reviewed if need be at every point in time

when a drill is carried out to note loop holes and quickly fix it, by this, the Drill records

used at every point in time shall be compliant to all preciously identified grey areas. Our

HSE shall thereby device a means to get feed backs from all drill participants thereby

forming a basis for evaluation. The result of the drills carried out on our plant will form

the basis for the evaluation based on its success and failures.

5.10 Relevant emergency numbers:

Fire services: DSP Anene Sewuese Catherine. 08032845555,

OTHERS: 08066006475,08053039936, 07075390977

Police: 08062105081. Benue State


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PART SIX

6.0 INCIDENT REPORTING AND INVESTIGATION

The Liquefied Petroleum Product (LPG) in its nature has a tendency to bring about an

incident leading to accident or dangerous occurrence based on handling, therefore,

accidents are likely to occur during our Operations, in view of this, we shall design a

pattern that suits our operational processes and thus report all accident or any unusual

event that occurs at the our facility even that of near misses, as it concerns to our

operations.

6.1 Accident Reporting and investigation

The major objective of accident investigation is prevention. Finding the causes of an

accident and taking steps to control or eliminate it can help prevent similar accidents

from happening in the future. Once the causes are established, precautions must be

identified and implemented to prevent a recurrence. Investigators must always keep in

mind that effective accident investigation means fact-finding, not fault-finding.

To reporting accidents in Rainoil Limited Gas Skid, we shall:

Our internal Investigator staff shall determine accident conditions through examining

physical evidence and interviewing witnesses.

Immediately after the investigation, we shall analyze information gathered and

corrective action will be taken

We shall deal with the emergency before the investigation begins.

A qualified HSE person amongst our staff will serve as an internal Investigator and

collect information on the events that took place before/ during the event.


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6.2Accidents reporting procedures

All employees are responsible for reporting accidents/near misses and any employee

who is witness to an incident shall immediately report this to the HSE Manager

The HSE Manager shall immediately report the accident to the operations manager

who in turn will report this to the Managing Director

The HSE Manager shall obtain as much as much information as possible about injury

and the circumstances leading to and causing the accident.

An accident and a near miss report shall be completed with a copy submitted to the

HSE Unit and the Managing Director

6.3 Accident investigation Procedure

The purpose of accident investigation is to ensure that a similar incident does not re-

occur. Investigations of incidents shall seek to establish legal violation or implication,

establish facts and causes, extent of damage, extent of media damage, corrective

actions, lessons learnt, further prevention of reoccurrence & disciplinary actions.

6.3.1 Required information during investigation

We shall require the following information for the initial report with Follow up reports:

Extent , Cost and effects of damage

Any legal violation

Extent of media coverage

Corrective action and Lessons learnt

Date and time of incident, Physical location of the incident

Description of the incident - what happened

Damage control measures undertaken

Establish facts and causes, also further prevention of occurrence

Disciplinary actions

Our plant HSE committee will discuss details of all incidents including investigations

Lessons learned will be discussed with all the relevant employees for the benefit of

avoiding future re-occurrence


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6.4 Reporting of Near Misses

All employees shall report all near misses to the HSE Manager in order that the incident

can be investigated and further to determine the potential hazard.

The procedure is as follows:

All employees must report near misses ton the accident/ near miss report form.

The HSE Manager investigates the potential hazard

HSE Manager discusses the findings of his investigation with the operations manager

to decide on preventive action to be taken

The operations manager then ensures that the preventive action is implemented

The report form and final solution is then sent to the managing director.

6.5 Reportable accidents

In addition to accidents that result in injury, there are legal requirements to report

accidents to the DPR. These include fatalities, critical injuries, occupational illness and

the following prescribed incidents:

Fire hazards and explosions

A worker becoming unconscious for any reason.

Accidental contact by a worker or by a worker's tool or equipment with energized

electrical equipment or installations.

It is wise to investigate these events to see if they were the result of unforeseen,

isolated circumstance or if they resulted from a breakdown or oversight in the Rainoil

Limited's health and safety program. There is a legal requirement to not only report

what happened, but also the steps taken to prevent a recurrence. Regarding the other

key points, the company's program would identify who should do the investigation, the

training requirements (Accident Investigation is part of several other training programs.

It should also identify who reviews the investigation report and is responsible for

ensuring that follow-up is done regarding any corrective actions/deficiencies that were

found. All incidents shall be reported and recorded investigated with clear

recommended actions using one of the known investigation tools.


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Accidents or incidents resulting in serious injury or accidents shall be reported to the

Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR) inspector within 24hrs.

The following incidents are reportable according to our HSE policy:

Fatalities of employees, contractors or third parties as a result of our operations

Injuries of employees, contractors/3rd parties. Injuries are classified as follows: First

aid, Lost time injury and Medical treatment

Vehicle accidents involving employees

Near misses

Leak of LPG in the Skid. Any quantity should be reported

Fires and Accidental releases and all Security incidents

6.6 Corporate communication

Our Company shall introduce signage that communicates directly with our staff during

operations and also deploy the usage of closed user group (CUG) phones for easy

communication. We shall do all in our capacity to making communication of great

importance to safe guarding lives and properties. Our administrative organogram will

equally serve as a yard stick to passing/monitoring information to enhance operations.

6.7 Safety Meeting

Safety is a way of life; we will constantly organize a regular safety meeting in our plant,

this which shall take place every week apart from the prep talk and the tool box briefing

which shall be an everyday communication. Details of all incidents including

investigations will be discussed in the meetings; also, lessons learnt from past incidents

will be discussed with all employees for the benefit of avoiding future occurrence.

6.8 Audit

Evidently, the Audit gives a clear picture of all that is going on in the Company

operational wise, we shall engage the services of external consultant to evaluate the

functionality of our operations once a year after the Skid becomes operational, a copy

of the findings shall be submitted to DPR An internal audit also shall be carried out

intermittently by our HSE Person and be documented.


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6.9 Waste Management Plan (WMP)

6.9.1 Wastes Sources and Classification

Waste from the Gas plant can be classified into the following;

1. Domestic waste

These are waste generated from the daily operations of the office within the Gas Skid.

Composition of the waste will include the following;

Paper

Glass

Plastics and Nylons

Metal

Food residues

Sanitary wastes

2. Hazardous waste

These are waste generated from the daily operations of the gas dispensing area, and

other areas within the Gas Skid. These categories of waste include explosive substances

or solid/liquid substances or mixtures of substances capable of causing an explosion. It

also refers to flammable solids or liquids and substances liable to spontaneous

combustion, corrosive and poisonous substances. Composition of waste will include the;

Used/spent oil

Wastes/residues containing oil

Oily sludge/emulsions

Spent chemicals

Accidental fuel discharge


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Waste Handling and Disposal

1. Domestic waste

6.9.2 Collection and Storage

The Gas Skid area will be equipped with waste bins for the collection and segregation of

the following categories of domestic waste;

i. Biodegradables – food remains

ii. Incinerables – plastics, waste papers, etc

iii. Recyclables – metal articles, glass etc

Aspects to be considered in the selection of the waste bin types shall include;

Hygiene (exclusion of insects, rodents and odour); which may be achievable through

provision of adequate cover, and spraying of insecticides or microbial inoculums.

Adequate capacity to forestall garbage spill;

Weather resistance (impermeability)

Convenience of use (colour coding for ease of use)

Aesthetic acceptability

6.9.3 Transportation

Transportation implies conveyance from point of collection to the point of final disposal

either directly or through a transfer system. The waste generated shall be quickly

removed, to forestall cases of garbage accumulation and nuisance, and an evacuation

programme shall be developed with a licensed waste contractor. The waste shall be

evacuated to the nearest municipal dump site, using a waste compactor truck. Sanitary

waste shall also be evacuated from the soak away pit periodically, using a licensed

waste disposal contractor. The following factors shall be considered in the choice of

vehicle and final disposal site;

The road network and condition.

Frequency of collection

Hygiene and aesthetic requirements


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6.9.4 Final Disposal

The domestic waste generated from the Gas Skid shall be disposed of in the most

pragmatic and environmentally acceptable manner. Domestic waste from the facility

shall be finally disposed of in a municipal/sanitary landfill or dump site. The options of

recycling, reusing, incineration, burial or composting shall be considered at the

dumpsite.

2. Hazardous waste

6.9.5 Collection and Storage

The facility will be equipped with waste disposal drums for the collection of the

used/spent oil, waste residues and other oily sludge with emulsions. Accidental fuel or

oily spills shall be contained using chemical absorbents. Plastic kegs will also be used

for the storage of spent oils or chemical wastes pending transportation and disposal.

6.9.6 Disposal

The final disposal of the waste shall be carried out at an approved waste disposal

facility, after due treatment, to an environmentally acceptable level.

The waste shall be managed in the most logical manner following the recommendations

in EGASPIN 2018, Part C (Hazardous Waste Management), Section 1.4. The waste

stream shall be managed, treated and disposed of as follow:

1. Reduction in the amount of hazardous wastes generated;

2. Stimulate ―waste exchange‖ to allow generated waste to become feedstock for

other production facilities;

3. Detoxification and neutralization of liquid hazardous waste streams by chemical

and biological treatment;

4. Dewatering of waste sludges generated;

5. Stabilization and solidification of sludges, and subsequent ashing to reduce

leachability of metals;


94

6. Disposal of remaining treated residues in approved (specially designed) landfills

(where applicable);

7. Recycling of metals, the energy content, and other useful resources contained in

hazardous wastes; and

8. Destruction of combustible hazardous wastes in high-temperature incinerators

equipped with proper pollution-control and monitoring systems.

6.9.7 Final Offsite Treatment/Disposal

The treatment and disposal of hazardous waste generated by the facility shall be

conducted at a commercial/third party Government approved facility. The conditions

and specifications of the available National, State and Local Governments standards

shall be met during the waste disposal process. The following waste disposal

process shall be adopted at the site (as applicable):

1. Resource Recovery (recycling): As much as possible all the re-useable

components of the hazardous waste should be recovered by using the best

practicable technology currently available.

2. Solidification: The hazardous waste after some neutralization can be solidified by

an appropriate waste: cement ratio. The waste and the solidified mixture shall

undergo tests in accordance with the EGASPINs Part C (Hazardous Waste

Management), Section 2.4.3. Treatment/Disposal of Waste:

3. Landfilling: The hazardous material/wastes shall be subjected to detoxification

(neutralization) procedures before any landfilling. The conditions stipulated in

EGASPINs Section 2.4.3. Treatment/Disposal of Waste shall be satisfied, when

and if, the option adopted is landfilling.

4. Encapsulation/Fixation/Stabilization

Encapsulation, fixation and stabilization processes shall be used to treat

hazardous waste sludges, and residues to produce materials of better physical


95

handling, leachability and landfilling characteristics than the wastes from which

they are derived.

5. Incineration

Incineration shall be carried out for either total destruction and/or recycling

(resources recovery) of the hazardous materials. Incinerators shall be designed,

constructed and operated to meet performance standards in EGASPIN Part C

(Hazardous Waste Management), Section 2.4.3. - Treatment/Disposal of Waste.

6.10 Decommissioning, Abandonment and Closure Management

On reaching the end of its economic productive life, the Gas Skid installations

shall be decommissioning in an environmentally sustainable manner by its

operator. Applicable regulatory standards shall be strictly followed to ensure that

Gas Skid decommissioning does not violate legislative requirements or provoke

any form of protest.

6.10.1 Decommissioning and Site Remediation Plan

A site decommissioning plan has been developed and a proper site remediation

schedule proposed. The decommissioning plan presents a clear process of

restoring the site to its original state, and allowing its use for other purposes in

future.

6.10.2 Preparation of Report

i. Draft Report

A draft report shall be prepared and submitted following completion of sampling

and analysis. The report details the studies, processes, analyses, tests, and

recommendations. The report is hereby submitted for regulatory review.

ii. Final Report

The final report shall incorporate any observation, and address comments made

by the client and regulatory body. Subsequently, bound copies shall be submitted

to DPR for a final approval.


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6.10.3 Report Structure

Report format shall be as stated below;

Executive Summary

Introduction

Justification

Legal and Regulatory Framework

Project Description

Environmental Baseline Characterization

Evaluation of Impacts

Mitigation Plan

Environmental Monitoring Plan

Decommissioning and Remediation plan

Conclusions and Recommendations

Contaminated soils and water may be encountered within the Gas Skid facility.

Depending on the type and concentration of contaminants present, small quantities of

soils or liquids may need to be managed as hazardous waste. Larger quantities of

affected soils and other environmental media, such as groundwater, may require

further management measures and remediation. Rainoil Limited will retain the services

of an Environmental Management Consultant to ensure an effective environmental

management process for any discovery during site decommissioning, waste

management and in a case of the discovery of an extensive environmental

contamination.

Procedure for the removal operation of the Tank and pipes:

Excavation of earth and civil works for removal of concrete platforms, bund walls,

installed equipment and bulk storage tanks;

Residual products should be removed from the bulk storage tank and all associated

pipes and managed as hazardous waste;

The removed piping works and equipment parts will be disposed of by a licensed

waste disposal contractor at an acceptable waste disposal facility;


97

All vent pipes and risers associated with the bulk tank should be dismantled and / or

capped-off and clearly labelled;

Armoured cable used for development of electrical infrastructure shall be excavated

and recycled where possible;

Tank dismantling should be carried out off-site, if there is insufficient space to carry

out the dismantling work safely;

If tanks and piping are left in situ, recommended closure methods should include

cleaning and removing contents, inerting, and filling with sand and cement slurry,

hydrophobic foams, or foamed concrete.

Structures such as the office buildings will be completely removed and the area

restored to a state acceptable for future uses, if it no longer serves any economic

benefit to the socio-economic environment.

Excavated foundations will be up to the level of the surrounding land, and back-filled

with compacted soil, or other suitable material according to the topography.

Steelwork and concrete will be removed from the site and disposed of to an

approved waste disposal or recycling facility

The borehole facility will be retained, if it is found to be of benefit to the local

residents or suitable for any other purpose that might be of commercial value

The water pipelines laid into the office building will be removed and where removal

is found unnecessary, it will be capped and left buried. Where it is found of value to

the community it will be rehabilitated and left for public use.

If the site soil/groundwater resource is found to have being contaminated during

operational activities, remedial works will be carried out to ensure restoration.

Waste materials generated during site decommissioning and restoration will be

disposed of appropriately; and

Post-closure monitoring, of environmental media will be conducted to demonstrate

the fitness of the land for future use, before land transfer to the next landowner.


98

PART SEVEN

CONCLUSION

7.0 Conclusion

The suitability study conducted shows some positive impacts of situating the project in

the said environment of Captain Dawnes area where there is already an existing Rainoil

Filling station (White product), however, the Safety, Health and Environment report has

further showed its significance in the area while identifying the safety issues associated

with the skid installation. Rainoil is very much concerned about the lives of our

personnel, the stakeholders, the third parties and our installation. We are committed to

further analyze all that is observed in this report so as to make necessary amendments

where it’s needful.

The Safety, Health and Environment report identifies areas in which our operational

activities might infringe on the environment’s health and safety. At Rainoil Limited, we

are will do all our possible best to abide with all statutory standards that covers for our

type of operations and also actively involve our stakeholders on every level in all that

we do. The areas as identified are predictive and also mitigative measures in some

instances were identified along.

Our core value which is safety oriented shall be upheld. We are committed to continue

the best practice and appropriate mitigation measures to ensure a hazard free

operation. We are not unmindful of every detail as presented in this report based on

safety, we shall do all our best to practice the operations as approved by the

regulations of the Department of Petroleum Resources, DPR.


99

REFERENCES

Environmental guidelines and standards for petroleum industries in Nigeria

(EGASPIN) issued by the Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR), revised

edition, 2018.

DPR Guideline for LPG plant - The Procedure and Conditions to be Fulfilled Before

The Grant of Approval and License for The Construction, Modification, Relocation

of a Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Filling plant and Autogas Station - Jun 2010


100


101

Documents

Safety, Health & Environment, SHE