Safety First © Andria O’ Donovan Bsc (Physio), Dip SHWW (Physio), M.I.S.C.P. MIOSH 1 SAFER MOVING & HANDLING TRAINING DAY WELCOME

Safety First © Andria O’ Donovan Bsc (Physio), Dip SHWW (Physio), M.I.S.C.P. MIOSH1

SAFER

MOVING & HANDLING TRAINING

DAY

WELCOME


WHAT IS MANUAL HANDLING ?Manual Handling is the transporting or supporting of a

load by one or more people and includes

And which by means of its characteristics or of unfavourable ergonomic conditions, involves risk,

particularly of back injury


COURSE CONTENT

Legislation

Structure of the Spine

Injury to the Spine

Fitness

Ergonomics

Principles of Safer Moving & Handling

Practical – Inanimate & Animate Loads


WHY ATTEND THIS TRAINING DAY ?

To prevent back injury & its consequences

Pain & decreased mobility

Affects hobbies, family & social life

Financial consequences if unable to work


STATISTICS80-90% of population will suffer with back pain

1/3 of all injuries reported to HSA are caused by manual handling

12.3 million working days lost each year in U.K. due to musculoskeletal injuries

Many injuries build up over a period of time rather than as the result of one incident

Early return to work key to recovery


LEGISLATION

Safety Health & Welfare Work Act (2005)

Safety Health & Welfare at Work (General Application) Regulations 2007

Manual Handling of loads (Part 2 Chapter 4 Reg.68-69)

Protection of Pregnant, Post Natal & Breast feeding Employees (Part 6 Chapter 2 Reg. 147-152)

Human Rights Act (2003)

Disability Rights Act (2005)


DUTIES OF THE EMPLOYER(S.H.W.W. Act 2005) Section 8

Manage Health & SafetyProvide safe place & systems of workPrepare a safety statement (brought to the attention of the employee at induction & the relevant part to be onsite if task is high risk)

Provide training & information (In a form, manner & language likely to be understood)

Allow for the election of a safety representative


DUTIES OF EMPLOYEE (S.H.W.W. ACT 2005) Section 13

Take care of own health & safety & that of others

Co-operate with employer

Attend training & undergo assessment

Use P.P.E. provided

Report safety defects (Systems/equipment)

Not be under the influence of an intoxicant that may endanger them or others


2007 MANUAL HANDLING REGULATIONS The employer must ……….

Avoid hazardous manual handling (Pt. does it, profiling bed)

Assess tasks that cannot be avoided (T.I.L.E.) Schedule 3Take account of sensitive risk groups (Pregnant & breast feeding women, children & young workers, night & shift workers)

Reduce the risk (Equipment, extra staff, change work practices)

Provide information (Weight & C.O.G. of load)


SCHEDULE 3CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LOAD

Too heavy/largeUn weildy/difficult to grasp

Unstable/contents likely to shiftStooping/twisting

Contours/consistency esp. in collision

PHYSICAL EFFORT REQUIREDToo strenuous

Twisting movement of trunkSudden movement of the load

Made with body in unstable posture

WORKING ENVIRONMENTNot enough Room (vertically)

Unable to handle loads at safe heightFloor uneven/variations in levels

Floor or footrest unstableTemperature, Humidity, Ventilation

REQUIREMENTS OF THE ACTIVITYOver frequent/prolonged Physical

effort of the spineInsufficient rest/recovery of the bodyExcessive lifting, lowering, carrying

Distances

INDIVIDUAL RISK FACTORSEmployee

Physically unsuited to carry out taskWearing unsuitable clothing, footwearDoes not have adequate/appropriate

Knowledge or training


In Practice This Means That….

Full body lifts must be avoided in almost all situations unless

Event unforeseeable Accident like RTA Human rights

X


CONDEMNED LIFTS

X


PROTECTION OF PREGNANT,POST NATAL & BREAST FEEDING EMPLOYEES 2007

Applies to women WHO

……….

Are Pregnant

Have recently given birth (14 weeks)

Are breastfeeding (26 weeks)

The employer MUST……

Carry out a risk assessment (Schedule 8) &

If necessary ↓ risk by……Changing work conditions / working hoursAlternative work H & S leave


SUMMARY

Safety Health & Welfare Work Act (2005)

Safety Health & Welfare at Work (General Application) Regulations 2007

Manual Handling of loads (Part 2 Chapter 4 Reg.68-69)

Protection of Pregnant, Post Natal & Breast feeding Employees (Part 6 Chapter 2 Reg. 147-152)

Human Rights Act (2003)

Disability Rights Act (2005)


STRUCTURE OF

THE SPINE


OBJECTIVES

Skeletal system (Bones & joints of spinal column)

Discs

Soft tissue (muscles & ligaments)


SKELETAL SYSTEM

Central Region:- ( Skull, ribs, spine, pelvis )

Provides support & protection

Outer region:- ( Arms & legs)

Allows movement


SPINAL COLUMN33 irregular shaped bones (vertebrae)

S-shaped

Lumber region most often

injured when handling loads

Sacro-iliac joint (Pregnancy)


POSTURE

Keep spine in natural s-shape position

So that trunk is in alignment

With minimal pressure on joints & soft tissue


POSTURES TO BE AVOIDED

X X

X

STOOPING

HOLDING LOADS AWAY FROM THE BODY

TWISTING

OVER-REACHING

X


LUMBAR SPINE

5 Vertebrae

Joined by discs & facet joints

Considerable movement

Takes most of the force acting on the spine

FACET JOINT

DISC


Normal Disc

DISC STRUCTURE

Spongy centre

Tough outer layer

80% water

No blood supply


DISC FUNCTION

Absorbs shock

Gives flexibility to the spine

Allows space for nerves to emerge


EFFECT OF MOVEMENT ON THE DISC

Pressure increased towards the back when bending forwards & to the front when bending backwards


AVOID STOOPING

X


FACET JOINTS

A joint is where 2 bones meet

A ‘facet joint’ is formed when the vertebrae interlock with the one above & below

Take approx. 20% of the force on the spine

These joints are prone to wear & tear (Arthritis)


SOFT TISSUE: LIGAMENTS

Taut bands of fibrous tissue

Flexible but not elastic (Avoid over-stretching)

Poor blood supply (Heal very slowly)


Muscle Structure

Muscles composed of bundles of fibres

Ability to shorten & lengthen produces movement


SOFT TISSUE: MUSCLE

X

MUSCLES WORK

DYNAMICLY & STATICALLY


SUMMARY

Skeletal system (Bones & joints of spinal column)

Discs

Soft tissue (muscles & ligaments)


HOW THE SPINE IS

INJURED


OBJECTIVES

Injury to:

Soft tissue

Disc

Bone

Facet Joint

Disc►


DISC DEGENERATION

Natural Ageing Process

Begins @ age 30

Disc Looses its Water Content

Accelerated by poor posture & lifting techniques


EFFECTS OF DISC DEGENERATION

SLACK LIGAMENTS SLIPPED DISC & ARTHRITIS


SOFT TISSUE INJURIES

Overstretched Muscles are torn when cold Ligaments are torn because they are not

elastic & slack if disc degenerated

Overloaded Muscles are torn if load is too heavy AND IF

Muscles do not have enough time to

recover (repetitive work)

X

X


Bulging Disc

Prolapsed Disc

SLIPPED DISC (Prolapsed Disc)

Usually result of CUMMULATIVE damage

Initially unaware of damage as no nerves in inner part of disc

Wall of disc may fail & jelly may bulge against a nerve

Stooping/twisting must be avoided


STOOPING Vs STRAIGHT LIFT

X


AVOID STOOPING & TWISTING

X X

STOOPING TWISTING


WHAT IS TO BE LEARNT?As we do not always initially feel pain when we cause damage to our spine we may think

all is o.k.But

Be warned!!!Be warned!!!

Injuries can build up over time. Bad postures and bad handling techniques may cause problems later on in life.


BONE INJURYArthritis (Wear & tear)

Incorrect movements done repetitively

Sacro-iliac joint (Ligaments slacken)

(Pregnant women be careful as ligaments slacken)


SUMMARY

Injury to:

Soft tissue

Disc

Bone

Facet Joint

Disc►


FITNESS FOR WORK


OBJECTIVES

What is fitness Muscles relevant to manual handling Safety when exercising Benefits of fitness Stretch break & How to use large leg

muscles when moving & handling (weight transference/ankle, knee & hip movements)


WHAT IS FITNESS

“Ability to do ones daily work with enough energy left over”

Strength

Aerobic (Heart & lungs)

Flexibility

Endurance


RELEVANT MUSCLE GROUPS

FLEXIBILITYCalves

Hamstrings

STRENGTH:Quadriceps (Thighs)

Abdominals (Stomach)


ELEMENTS OF SAFE STRETCH

Warm up/cool down

Avoid sudden jerky movements

Stretch to point of slight discomfort

Hold stretch for 30 seconds x 3 times

Stretch for minimum of 6 weeks to restore flexibility


BENIFITS OF FITNESSMore stamina and energy

Decreased risk of injury

Improved mental alertness

Improved sense of well-being

May live longer!!! If not, you’ll definitely….

‘Get more out of life !!!!!’.


SUMMARY

What is fitness Muscles relevant to manual handling Safety when exercising Benefits of fitness Stretch break & How to use large leg

muscles when moving & handling (weight transference/ankle, knee & hip movements)


ERGONOMICSAT

WORK


OBJECTIVES

Definition of Ergonomics

Manual Handling Assessment

Benefit of Ergonomics


Definition

Ergonomics aims to “fit the job, environment and equipment to the person” instead of making the person fit the above (e.g. car, sports equipment, kitchen design.

This will ensure that work is done in a way that minimises physical and mental effort while maximising efficiency.


POSTURES TO BE AVOIDED

X X

X

STOOPING

HOLDING LOADS AWAY FROM THE BODY

TWISTING

OVER-REACHING

X


YOU MUST ASSESS YOUR JOB TO SEE IF YOU ARE CAPABLE OF DOING IT SAFELY

T task

I individual

L load

E environment


CASE STUDY


T.I.L.E.TASK

Loads away from the bodyTwisting/stoopingReaching upwards

Long carrying distancesStrenuous effort

Large vertical movements

INDIVIDUALRequire unusual capabilities

Hazard to those with health problemsHazard to those who are pregnant

Require special information/trainingRequire PPE

LOADHeavy

Bulky/unweildyDifficult to grasp

Unsteady/unpredictableHarmful –

Co-operativeAttachmentsWalking aids

ENVIRONMENTPoor floors

Variations in levelsConstraints on postures

Lighting conditionsStrong air movements

Hot, cold humid conditions


SOLUTIONS

SHORT TERM SOLUTIONS

Training for staffUse wheelchair to bring Mr Scot to the

toilet & walk backWalking FrameRaised toilet seatGrab rails in bathroom

LONG TERM SOLUTIONS

Relocate Mr Scot to room with ensuite

Move Mr Scot into high low bed


If you assess your job, you will be…

Better able to recognise potentially harmful tasks

Safer – decreased risk of injury

More comfortable – more energy, less stress

More efficient & productive

BENEFITS OF ERGONOMICS


SUMMARY

Definition of Ergonomics

Manual Handling Assessment

Benefit of Ergonomics


PRINCPLES OF SAFER MOVING & HANDLING


OBJECTIVES

The thought process involved before loads are moved

Principles of moving and handling

Team handling


BEFORE ANY HANDLING TASK

“Think before you begin”

Must you do the task at all? Can the patient do it themselves/is there a profiling bed available ?

If you must do the task, Assess – T.I.L.E

Can the task be made more manageable by: Encouraging the patient to help Getting help from other staff member Using equipment

AVOID


SAFER HANDLING PRINCIPLES(Set of tools)

Assess (TILE) Know your own capabilitiesBroad BaseBend Knees/ use weight transferenceGood Back Posture (Neutral position &

avoid combined bending & twisting)

Good Grip (Palmer/elbows tucked in)Get Close To The LoadMove smoothly & keep head up when lifting & handlingMove with feet (don’t twist)


SPINAL BIOMECHANICS

X X


TEAM HANDLING

Be aware of limitations of team handlingWork with people of similar heightAppoint a leaderPlan the manoeuvreAgree a command, to ensure a smooth co-ordinated movement

‘Ready Steady Action Word’ (Action word can be Slide, Sit, Stand etc)


SUMMARY

The thought process involved before loads are moved

Principles of moving and handling

Team handling


Assess – What are the patients needs?Does the hoist meet those needs?Is the hoist appropriate for the environment?Check the patients weight Vs capacity of hoistFollow manufacturer’s instructions.Has visual inspection been carried out?Remember pushing & pulling techniques

Have as many carers as situation requiresBe confident in use of the hoistEnsure hoist is serviced 6 monthlyRemove and Report if faultyRemember brakes off except when parked & hoisting from the floorCheck emergency lowering button

CHECKLIST FOR USING HOISTS


USE OF SLINGS

Assess and establish patients needs

Be familiar with slings available

(amputee, toileting)

Select correct sling for task

Use correct size of sling

Check sling for signs of wear/tears

Documents

Safety First © Andria O’ Donovan Bsc (Physio), Dip SHWW (Physio), M.I.S.C.P. MIOSH 1 SAFER MOVING & HANDLING TRAINING DAY WELCOME