Safety Down Day October 2010

Performing Missions For America

U.S. AIR FORCE AUXILIARY


Civil Air Patrol




Civil Air Patrol

Safety Down DayOctober 2010

Safety Down DayOctober 2010

Thank you for your

participation!

Thank you for your

participation!


U.S. AIR FORCEAUXILIARY

In flying, I have learned that carelessness and overconfidence are usually far more dangerous

than deliberately accepted risks.— Wilbur Wright in a letter to his father, September 1900

ORMORMORMORM



ORMORMORMORM

http://flash.aopa.org/asf/flightrisk/learn-about-flight-risk.cfm



Operational Risk ManagementOperational Risk ManagementOperational Risk ManagementOperational Risk Management



The 5M ConceptThe 5M ConceptThe 5M ConceptThe 5M Concept

Man, Media, Machine, Management, Mission



The 5M Concept – Man (1)The 5M Concept – Man (1)The 5M Concept – Man (1)The 5M Concept – Man (1)

I’M SAFEIllnessMedication

StressAlcoholFatigueEmotion

All of the above can degrade performance and should be considered a risk.



The 5M Concept – Media (2)The 5M Concept – Media (2)The 5M Concept – Media (2)The 5M Concept – Media (2)Media is the environment in which anyone is conducting an activity.

Snow Storm

Mountain Areas

Runway

Dust Storm



The 5M Concept – Machine (3)The 5M Concept – Machine (3)The 5M Concept – Machine (3)The 5M Concept – Machine (3)

This is an example of the proper user interface with a computer. It minimizes the effects of muscle fatigue, carpel tunnel, and straining of the eyes, among other things. You can use ORM each day at a computer to prevent such injuries.

When dealing with a machine, knowing its maintenance history (logbook, check recent issues), performance (max weight), parts, upkeep, repair, et cetera is all important. The preflight inspection is therefore significant in order to check and review the design, maintenance, logistics, and tech data of the particular aircraft you are about to takeoff in.



The 5M Concept – The 5M Concept – Management (4)Management (4)

The 5M Concept – The 5M Concept – Management (4)Management (4)

Management is always YOU!

After all the regs, policies, analyses, and gathered opinions, YOU are the one who makes the final decision if the activity you are about to partake in is risky.

Does the benefit(s) outweigh the risk(s)?



The 5M Concept – Mission (5)The 5M Concept – Mission (5)The 5M Concept – Mission (5)The 5M Concept – Mission (5)

Traffic Reports

EPA Watches

Counter Drug OpsSearch and Rescues



Operational Risk ManagementOperational Risk ManagementOperational Risk ManagementOperational Risk Management

Now that we’ve reviewed what contributes to ORM, where does the Civil Air Patrol stand with ORM and how do we conduct an actual ORM assessment for a situation?



CAP ORM VisionCAP ORM VisionCAP ORM VisionCAP ORM Vision

“Create a Civil Air Patrol in which all personnel

manage risk such that all operations are

successfully completed at the least possible

cost.”



CAP ORM MissionCAP ORM MissionCAP ORM MissionCAP ORM Mission

“Enhance mission effectiveness at all levels

while minimizing risk.”



ORM PrinciplesORM PrinciplesORM PrinciplesORM Principles

Accept no unnecessary risks. Make risk decisions at the appropriate

level. Accept risks when benefits outweigh

costs. Integrate ORM into doctrine and planning

at all levels.



Accept no unnecessary riskAccept no unnecessary riskAccept no unnecessary riskAccept no unnecessary risk

What are the three main reasons that “unnecessary risks” are sometimes taken?

How can the taking of unnecessary risks be minimized?

Corollary is “Accept Necessary Risk”.

Flying is tough, it's even tougher if you do something stupid. Don't do nuthin dumb!

~ Ralph Royce (US WWII Army Air Forces General)



Three reasons for taking Three reasons for taking unnecessary risksunnecessary risks

Three reasons for taking Three reasons for taking unnecessary risksunnecessary risks

#1 - Not aware of the risk. #2 - An incorrect assessment of cost

versus benefit. #3 - Interpreting “bold risk taking” to

mean gambling.

Don’t be a show-off. Never be too proud to turn back.. There are old

pilots and bold pilots, but no old, bold pilots. - E. Hamilton Lee



Procedures for minimizing the Procedures for minimizing the taking of unnecessary risktaking of unnecessary riskProcedures for minimizing the Procedures for minimizing the taking of unnecessary risktaking of unnecessary risk

Improve hazard detection procedures and awareness of risks.

Improve risk decision making skills at all levels of the organization.

Train personnel at all levels regarding the risk management “credo” not “Mission accomplishment at any cost”, but “Mission accomplishment at the least cost.”There is no reason to fly through a

thunderstorm in peacetime.~ Sign over squadron ops desk at Davis-Monthan AFB, AZ, 1970.



The ORM 6 - Step ProcessThe ORM 6 - Step ProcessThe ORM 6 - Step ProcessThe ORM 6 - Step Process

1. Identifythe Hazards

2. Assessthe Risks

3. Analyze Risk ControlMeasures

4. MakeControl

Decisions

5. Risk ControlImplementation

6. Superviseand Review



Operational Risk AssessmentOperational Risk AssessmentORM Simplest ExampleORM Simplest Example

Operational Risk AssessmentOperational Risk AssessmentORM Simplest ExampleORM Simplest Example

1. Identify the Hazards: Limited visibility due to the fog and a hill. You are unfamiliar with this road and have no idea what is

on the other side.2. Assess the Risks: Due to the fog and hill obstructing your vision you will have difficulty seeing traffic or obstructions on

the road.3. Analyze Risk Control Measures: You have no control over

the weather but you can control your speed.4. Make Control Decisions: Slow down. This is the only option

available to you.5. Implement Risk Controls: Slow down to a safe speed.

6. Supervise and Review: Assess whether or not your new speed is slow enough for the conditions and adjust as needed.



HAZARD VERSUS RISKHAZARD VERSUS RISKHAZARD VERSUS RISKHAZARD VERSUS RISK

HAZARDA description of a condition that

can impair mission accomplishment. No indication of its mission

significance.

RISK

A hazard for which we haveestimated the severity,probability, and scope

with which it can impact our mission.



SEVERITYSEVERITYSEVERITYSEVERITY

What impact on mission? What impact on people? What impact on things (material,

facilities, environment)?



SEVERITY CATEGORIESSEVERITY CATEGORIESSEVERITY CATEGORIESSEVERITY CATEGORIES

•CATASTROPHIC - Complete mission failure, death, or loss of system

•CRITICAL - Major mission degradation, severe injury, occupational illness, or major system damage

•MODERATE - Minor mission degradation, injury, minor occupational illness, or minor system damage

•NEGLIGIBLE - Less than minor mission degradation, injury, occupational illness or minor system damage



PROBABILITYPROBABILITYPROBABILITYPROBABILITY

Use the cumulative probability of all causation factors.

Express in descriptive or quantitative terms.

Use experience data when possible. Acknowledge uncertainty.



PROBABILITY PROBABILITY CATEGORIESCATEGORIESPROBABILITY PROBABILITY CATEGORIESCATEGORIES

• Frequent• Likely• Occasional• Seldom• Unlikely



ProbabilityFrequent Likely Occasional Seldom Unlikely

I

II

III

IV

Catastrophic

Critical

Moderate

Negligible

A B C D E

SEVERITY

High

LowMedium

High

Risk Levels

Extremely

High

The Risk Assessment Index



Risk Assessment (detailed)Risk Assessment (detailed)Risk Assessment (detailed)Risk Assessment (detailed)



Operational Risk ManagementOperational Risk ManagementConclusionConclusion

Operational Risk ManagementOperational Risk ManagementConclusionConclusion

Realize the rock is there, Analyze if the rock will cause harm, Mitigate the harm.

Don’t get caught under a boulder! But a pebble won’t hurt. (if not dropped from a large distance, that is…)



Some Delaware Wing Mishap Some Delaware Wing Mishap ReportsReports

Some Delaware Wing Mishap Some Delaware Wing Mishap ReportsReports

Weather damage to aircraft: snow and ice caused aircraft tail

to hit ground.

Mitigation: Sand bag on nose during icing and heavy snow

conditions Fire during engine start:

minimal damage due to situational awareness and quick action of

crew

Mitigation: sustain the least damage by being aware and anticipating what to do in the

event of a fire

Cadet Laceration: due to fall over pipe sticking out of the ground

Mitigation: stay on lighted path; require a flashlight in night conditions while off a

path; be sure grounds are safe

Cadet Sprained Ankle: due to fall in hole in ground

Mitigation: Walk around inspection of grounds before activity



How can the following be How can the following be mitigated?mitigated?
































Additional InformationAdditional InformationAdditional InformationAdditional Information

AOPA Aviation Security:http://www.aopa.org/whatsnew/la-security.html

Additional information available at the ORM University through the Civil Air Patrol Website: http://creports.capnhq.gov/ormu/

Canadian Safety Management System (SMS) Transport Canada website

GAIN products (including risk assessment, airline flight ops, etc.) and proceedings available – www.gainweb.org – report on Safety Management Systems on the cd and website Aviation Conference Education (ACE) – courses

http://www.skygod.com/quotes/piloting.html



Additional Information (con’t)Additional Information (con’t)Additional Information (con’t)Additional Information (con’t)

FAA – introductory System Safety Course (OKC; 3-day course)http://rgl.faa.gov/regulatory_and_guidance_library/rgadvisorycircular.nsf/0/6485143d5ec81aae8625719b0055c9e5/$FILE/AC%20120-92.pdf

FAA Office of System Safety (www.faa.gov) - advice on system safety issues

System Safety Handbook – FAAhttp://www.faa.gov/library/manuals/aviation/risk_management/ss_handbook/

Appendix to FAA order 8040.4 for FAA contact points for specific areas of expertise

SAE – www.sae.org– ARP4761 – guidance for airlines and other organizations– courses/conferences



Thank you for your attention and as always,

Be Safe!

Documents

Safety Down Day October 2010