Safety Culture Assessment for Design Organizationsewh.ieee.org/conf/hfpp/presentations/111.pdf• Safety Culture Steering Group was established • Facilitating implementation of the

International Atomic Energy Agency

Safety Culture Assessment for Safety Culture Assessment for Design OrganizationsDesign Organizations

Christer ViktorssonSection Head

Nuclear Installations Safety Division


International Atomic Energy AgencyInternational Atomic Energy Agency


Role of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)Role of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

• “Atoms for Peace”• Established in 1957• 143 Member States• 2,200 staff• Three Pillars:

•• SafeguardsSafeguards•• Safety and SecuritySafety and Security•• Nuclear TechnologyNuclear Technology


Safety StandardsSafety Standards

• Rigorous process of development and approval

• Comprehensive suite of standards published

• Safety standards recognized internationally as a reference point for the high safety level required for nuclear activities


SAFETY STANDARDS HIERARCHYSAFETY STANDARDS HIERARCHY

Safety GuidesSafety Guides

Safety RequirementsSafety Requirements

Safety FundamentalsSafety Fundamentals


STRUCTURE OF THE STANDARDSSTRUCTURE OF THE STANDARDS

Safety of nuclear facilities

Radiation protection and safety of radiation sources

Safe management of radioactive waste

Safe transport of radioactive material

General safety (cross-cutting themes)

Legal and governmental infrastructure

Emergency preparedness and response

Management systems

Assessment and verification

Site evaluation

Radiation protection

Radioactive waste management

Decommissioning

Remediation of contaminated areas

Thematic standards

Nuclear power plants: design

Radiation related facilities and activities

Research reactors

Fuel cycle facilities

Waste treatment and disposal facilities

Transport of radioactive material

Facilities specific standards

Safety Fundamentals

Nuclear power plants: operation


IAEA Safety StandardsIAEA Safety StandardsSafety FundamentalsSafety Fundamentals


IAEA Safety Standards and Review ServicesIAEA Safety Standards and Review Services

• Protecting People and the Environment


Operational Safety

IAEA Safety Review ServicesIAEA Safety Review Services

Safety Culture Regulatory Effectiveness

Engineering and Technical Safety


SCART METHODOLOGYSCART METHODOLOGY

• SCART (Safety Culture Assessment Review Team) is a Safety Review Service, which is directly based on IAEA Safety Standards

• The assessment variables are attributes of the five safety culture characteristics in the Standards

• The attributes are formulated as requirements to a specific performance aspect of a nuclear facility


IAEA SAFETY CULTURE CHARACTERISTICSIAEA SAFETY CULTURE CHARACTERISTICS

Safety CultureCharacteristics

Safety is a clearly recognized value

Accountability for safety is clear

Safety is integrated into all activities

Leadership for safety is strong

Safety culture is learning-driven


SCARTSCART-- Examples of AttributesExamples of Attributes

• Safety is a clearly recognized value• “The organization designs to accepted

industry standards”• “Human factors issues are considered in the

design process”• Leadership for safety is clear

• “Management is clearly committed to safety”• “Management assures that there is sufficient

and competent staff”


SCARTSCART-- Examples of AttributesExamples of Attributes

• Accountability for safety is clear• “The is high level of compliance with

regulations and procedures”• Safety is learning-driven

• “Questioning attitude prevails at all organizational levels”

• Safety is integrated into all activities• “The design process considers nuclear,

occupational and environmental safety


SCART PILOT MISSION AT PBMR LTD. SCART PILOT MISSION AT PBMR LTD. ––A COMPANY IN CHANGEA COMPANY IN CHANGE

• PBMR is a South African Company• Young and dynamic company, designing

a “first of a kind” pebble bed reactor• Significant and rapid expansion of staff• A delivery organization with high

workload and tight schedule• New technology but proven fuel design• Will be both reactor vendor and fuel

fabrication facility


SCART PILOT MISSION AT PBMR LTD. SCART PILOT MISSION AT PBMR LTD. --CLIENT REQUIREMENTS TO SCARTCLIENT REQUIREMENTS TO SCART

• The most important client requirements, which lead to the selection of IAEA as safety culture reviewer were:• Measurable and transparent approach,

described in SCART Guidelines• Assessment method is directly related to

IAEA Safety Standards• Independent and non-commercial approach• Based in interviews, observations and

document review


SCART PILOT MISSION AT PBMR LTD. SCART PILOT MISSION AT PBMR LTD. ––ADAPTATION OF THE SCART METHODOLOGY ADAPTATION OF THE SCART METHODOLOGY

TO DESIGN ORGANIZATIONSTO DESIGN ORGANIZATIONS• The SCART assessment process was

specifically tailored to recognize:• The broader context within which PBMR Ltd. is operating• Constraints in winning suitably qualified and experienced

staff• Challenges in timescales for delivery committed to

stakeholders


SCART PILOT MISSION AT PBMR LTD. SCART PILOT MISSION AT PBMR LTD. ––ADAPTATION OF THE SCART METHODOLOGY ADAPTATION OF THE SCART METHODOLOGY

TO DESIGN ORGANIZATIONSTO DESIGN ORGANIZATIONS

• Instead of on “operational safety’ the analysis was oriented towards understanding the role of safety culture for “safe design”

• In addition to the attributes in the Standards, specific attributes for design organizations were developed


SCART TEAM COMPOSITIONSCART TEAM COMPOSITION

• The SCART review team included 8 experts

• Behavioural scientists, management reviewers as well as nuclear engineering/design specialists

• One expert with particular knowledge in the pebble bed nuclear reactor technology


SCART PILOT MISSION AT PBMR LTD. SCART PILOT MISSION AT PBMR LTD. ––EXAMPLES OF IDENTIFIED STRENGTHSEXAMPLES OF IDENTIFIED STRENGTHS

• Clear commitment to safety in mission statement and practice

• Leadership for safety in PBMR Ltd. has many strengths, management is clearly committed to safe design

• Strong informal leaders support safe design• Staff are convinced that safety and success

go hand in hand• PBMR Ltd. is made of people who have

strong beliefs in safety, wishing to create a safe design


SCART PILOT MISSION AT PBMR LTD. SCART PILOT MISSION AT PBMR LTD. ––RECOMMENDATIONSRECOMMENDATIONS

• SCART made a number of recommendations related to• open and effective communication • strategy and procedures for organizational

change• definition of roles, responsibilities and

accountability• learning systematically from experience• licensing issues• recruitment and training


WAY FORWARD FOR PBMR LTD. AFTER WAY FORWARD FOR PBMR LTD. AFTER THE SCART MISSION (1)THE SCART MISSION (1)

• Workshop implementation strategy was developed by the Executive Committee

• Workshop interventions were launched at Quarterly Leadership Meetings• Ensuring buy-in and integration with PBMR Ltd. Business Plan• Identifying an Executive Committee sponsor and Issuing Lead

for each• Assigning selected items to the Safety Culture Steering Group• Allowing for Support Team and staff participation• Giving regular feedback to Leadership Forum and Executive

Committee


WAY FORWARD FOR PBMR LTD. AFTER WAY FORWARD FOR PBMR LTD. AFTER THE SCART MISSION (2)THE SCART MISSION (2)

• Safety Culture Steering Group was established• Facilitating implementation of the recommendations and

suggestions through the Quality Improvement Process (QIR)• Implementing a Safety Culture Enhancement Programme

throughout the whole company

• A follow-up mission will be conducted in 2008

International Atomic Energy Agency…Thank you for your attention

Documents

Safety Culture Assessment for Design Organizationsewh.ieee.org/conf/hfpp/presentations/111.pdf• Safety Culture Steering Group was established • Facilitating implementation of the