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    Printed and published by Nagendra Vijay for

    Harshal Publications. 212 to 215, Anand

    Mangal-3, Opp. Core Biotech, Near Parimal

    Crossing, Ellisbridge Ahmedabad-380 006.

    Printed at Allied Offset Printers, 14/2, Kalidas

    Mill Compound, Gomtipur, Ahmedabad.

    Printer, Publisher & Editor: Nagendra Vijay

    Owner: Harshal Publications

    Registered with the RNI. No. 38380/80

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