Sadick John (Coventry Dissertation)

7/31/2019 Sadick John (Coventry Dissertation)

1/83

WAB ]@UBS @H SBERJIW@S\ LKBSXBKWL@K IKG BKH@SFBOBKW LK

CRVLKBVV ]BSH@SOIKFB

I FIVB VWRG\ @H BIVW IHSLFIK F@OORKLW\ !BIF,

C|>

N`ak Viglfd

@fw`cbs 3=93

Wab u`sd f`kwilkbg ulwalk walv g`frobkw aiv cbbk vrcolwwbg

c| wab vwrgbkw lk }iswlij hrjhljjobkw `h wab sbyrlsbobkw `h wabls f`rsvb ikg iuisg


2/83

Wab }`ubs `h sberjiw`s| lkwbsxbkwl`k ikg bkh`sfbobkw lk

crvlkbvv }bsh`soikfb+3=99/ 3=93

ll

WAB ]@UBS @H SBERJIW@S\ LKWBSXBK\L@K IKG BKH@SFBOBKW LK

CRVLKBVV ]BSH@SOIKFB

I FIVB @H BIVW IHSLFIK F@OORKLW\ !BIF,

Irwa`s > N`ak Viglfd

Vwrgbkw LG> 7356777

F`rsvb Wlwjb> OVF !Hlkikfb ikg Lkxbvwobkw,

O`grjb> O


3/83



ll l

Fbswlhlfiwl`k

L* wab rkgbsvlekbg fbswlh| waiw L aixb sbig ikg absbc| sbfòobkg h s iffb}wikfb c| F`xbkws|

Rklxbsvlw| wab glvvbswiwl`k bkwlwjbg Wab }ùbs `h sberjiw`s| lkwbsxbkwl`k ikg bkh`sfbobkw lk

crvlkbvv }bsh`soikfb> I Fivb vwrg| `h Bivw Ihslfik Fòorklw| lk hrjhljjobkw `h wab

sbyrlsbobkwv h`s wab gbesbb `h Oivwbsv `h Vflbkfb lk Hlkikfb ikg Lkxbvwobkwv !OVF+HL, `h

F`xbkws| Rklxbsvlw|+

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

Os+]i}liv Kniiji

!Vr}bsxlv`s,

Giwb


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lx

Gbfjisiwl`k Ikg F`}|sleaw

L* Nàk Viglfd+ gbfjisb waiw walv glvvbswiwl`k lv o| ùk slelkij u`sd ikg waiw lw aiv k`w

cbbk }sbvbkwbg ikg uljj k`w cb }sbvbkwbg w` ik| rklxbsvlw| h`s vloljis `s ik| `wabs gbesbb

iuisg+

Vlekiwrsb

Giwb++

F`}|sleaw

Walv }i}bs va`rjg k`w cb sb}s`grfbg c| ik| obikv* lk hrjj `s lk }isw* bqfb}w h`s va`sw bqwsifw

lk i hils gbijlke* h`s sbvbisfa `s }slxiwb vwrg|* fslwlfij vfa`jisj| sbxlbu `s glvf`rsvb ulwa ik

ifdkùjbgebobkw+ K` }isw `h walv glvvbswiwl`k oi| cb sb}s`grfbg* vw`sbg lk ik| sbwslbxij

v|vwbo* `s wsikvolwwbg lk ik| h`so `s c| ik| obikv ulwa`rw }sl`s uslwwbk }bsolvvl`k `h wab

irwa`s `s F`xbkws|Rklxbsvlw|+


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x

Ifdkùjbgebobkw

L uikw w` bqwbkg o| uisobvw waikdv w` bxbs|`kb ua` f`kwslcrwbg ikg bkf`rsiebg ob lk ik|

ui| ijj wab ui| was rea o| ifigbolf n`rskb| grslke o| rklxbsvlw| wlob+ Hlsvw `h ijj L waikd wab

Ijj Oleaw E`g h`s ebkbs`rvj| vr}}`swlke ob grslke vwrg|lke+

L u`rjg jldb w` ifdkùjbgeb wab lkv}lsiwl`kij lkvwsrfwl`kv ikg erlgikfb hsò o| jbfwrsbsv ikg

vr}bsxlv`s ikg `rs F``sglkiw`s Os+ O`vbv Oul~isrcl ua` eixb ob ijj wab xijricjb hbbgcifd

ikg vr}}`swbg ob grslke walv wlob+ Ab }s`xlgbg ob ulwa abj}* vr}}`sw ikg bq}bsw igxlfb h`s

vrffbvvhrj fò}jbwl`k `h walv u`sd+ Waikd |`r v` orfa

L io ijv` esiwbhrj w` Os ]i}liv Kniiji h`s alv vieifl`rv fòobkwv* erlgikfb* f``}bsiwl`k*

bkf`rsiebobkw ikg xijricjb a`rsv ab gbx`wbg w abj} ob+ \`rs bkgjbvv vr}}`sw aiv jbg ob

w` sbijl~iwl`k `h walv gsbio+

Ijv` L vwikg w` ifdkùjbgeb wab vr}}`sw ikg ivvlvwikfb esikwbg w` ob c| LII vwihh* LII

vwrgbkwv ikg o| f`/vwrgbkwv wabsb+ Wab| aixb cbbk xbs| ebkbs`rv lk wabls vr}}`sw `h o|

ifigbolf }rsvrlwv ikg oik| `h o| f`/vwrgbkw aiv f`kwslcrwbg lgbiv* hbbgcifd ikg igxlfb

bv}bflijj| Os Jrfd| \`ki ikg K`bj Diw`ke`+ Ijv` o| Vlkfbsb abiswhbjw esiwlwrgb e`bv w` o|

cbj`xbg }isbkwv Sbx+ Nàk S+ ikg Bjul V+ h`s wabls bkgbix`rs w` vbb ob gbxbj`}lke lk o|

fisbbs ikg }s`xlgb ob ulwa ijj L kbbgbg h`s o| gsbio w` fòb w` hsrlwl`k+ Ijv` o| v}bflij

waikdv e` w` o| vlvwbsv ikg cs`wabsv ikg ijj `wabs hslbkgv h`s wabls vr}}`sw ikg rkgbsvwikglke*

wabls bkf`rsiebobkw ikg hilwa lk ob aiv }bsvrigbg ob w` esigriwb ulwa i Oivwbsv ` h Vflbkfb

lk Hlkikfb ikg Lkxbvwobkw+


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xl

Gbglfiwl`k

L u`rjg jldb w` gbglfiwb wab ua`jb wabvlv*

W` o| }isbkwv Os ( Osv Nàk Si}aibj ua` aixb }s`xlgbg ob ulwa wab h`rkgiwl`k vdljjv lk o|

ifigbolf fisbbs+ W` o| cs`wabsv ikg vlvwbsv h`s wab j`xb* ihhbfwl`k ikg vr}}`sw wab| aixb `k

bxbs| vwb} `h o| jlhb+ Obikwlob L ijv` uikw w` bq}sbvv o| gbb} i}}sbfliwl`k wùisgv wabo

uaò L ijui|v jbiskbg `k+ Wabsb lv k` g`rcw lk o| olkg waiw ulwa`rw wabls f`kwlkrbg vr}}`sw

ikg f`rkvbj L f`rjg k`w aixb fò}jbwbg walv }s`fbvv+


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xll

Ifs`k|ov

]C Crvlkbvv ]bsh`soikfb

FO F`rkflj `h Olklvwbsv

FO] Fòo`k Oisdbw ]s`w`f`j

BICF Bivw Ihslfik Crvlkbvv F`rkflj

BIF Bivw Ihslfik Fòorklw|

BIFN Bivw Ihslfik F`rsw `h Nrvwlfb

BIFFWS Bivw Ihslfik Fòorklw| Fòolwwbb `k wsigb Sbobglbv

BIFFRS Bivw Ihslfik Fòorklw| Frvwò Rkl`k Sberjiwl`kv

BR Brs`}bik Rkl`k

HLW Hlso Lo}ifw Wbvw

LI Lkxbvwleiwlke Irwa`slw|

LII Lkvwlwrwb `h Iff`rkwikf| Isrvai

OVf H(L Oivwbsv `h Vflbkfb lk Hlkikfb ikg Lkxbvwobkw

KBUJ K`swabsk Bkelkbbslke U`sdv Jwg

@SE @seikl~iwl`k

]V ]iswkbs Vwiwb

SLB Sberjiw`s| Lkwbsxbkwl`k ikg Bkh`sfbobkw

SKS Sbel`kij Kbwu`sd `h Sbh`sobs

VE Vbfsbwisliw Ebkbsij

WSI Wik~ikli Sbxbkrb Irwa`slw|


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xlll

Icvwsifw

Wab si}lg v}bbg `h crvlkbvv gbxbj`}obkw aiv }jifbg esbiwbs gboikg `k }`jlf| ikg

sberjiwl`kv v|vwbo ikg aiv `}bkbg r} wab `}}`swrklw| `h kbu srjbv ikg sberjiwl`kv ikg

lo}jbobkwiwl`k }iwwbsk+ Wab }ùbs `h sberjiwl`k lkwbsxbkwl`kv ikg bkh`sfbobkw lk hifljlwiwlke

crvlkbvv }bsh soikfb bkicjbv vwidba`jgbsv w` igi}w w` ej`cij faikebv+

Walv glvvbswiwl`k bqiolkbv ikg iggsbvvbv lvvrbv f`kfbsklke wab }ùbs `h sberjiw`s|

lkwbsxbkwl`k ikg bkh`sfbobkw lk hifljlwiwlke crvlkbvv }bsh`soikfb+ I fivb vwrg| i}}sìfa

rvlke lkwbsxlbuv* }bsv`kij `cvbsxiwl`k ikg g`frobkwis| sbxlbuv uiv f`kgrfwbg w` bqiolkb

ikg iggsbvv lvvrbv f`kfbsklke }`jlf| ikg sberjiwl`kv v|vwbov+ Wab vwrg| }`}rjiwl`k

f`kvlvwbg `h 32 sbv}`kgbkwv lkfjrglke vwrgbkwv* ifigbolf vwihh* vr}}`swlke vwihh ikg

oikiebobkw vwihh ua` ubsb lkwbsxlbubg+ Giwi `cwilkbg hsò wab ic`xb }`}rjiwl`k uiv

ikij|~bg gbvfsl}wlxbj|+

Wab vwrg| sbxbijbg waiw lkvlgbsv g` k`w rvb bhhbfwlxbj| }`jlflbv ikg sberjiwl`kv ixiljicjb iw wab

`seikl~iwl`k+ Wab hlkglkev hrswabs vaùv waiw BIF aiv i e``g }`jlflbv ikg sberjiwl`kv v|vwbo

w` vr}}`sw crvlkbvv }bsh`soikfb lk v}lwb `h wab faijjbkebv ikg }s`cjbov ivv`fliwbg ulwa wab

rvb `h wa`vb sberjiwl`kv

Aùbxbs* }`jlf| ikg sberjiwl`kv oigb c| wab e`xbskobkw hifljlwiwbv wab bivlj| sbfèklwl`k `h

crvlkbvv `}}`swrklwlbv uabkbxbs k wbg+ Frssbkwj| lw lv k`wbg waiw c| wsilklke lkglxlgrijv ijv` lw

abj}lke w` lo}s`xb h`s dkùlke uabsb ikg aù w lkxbvw+ C`wa j`ke ikg va`sw wbso f`rsvbv uljj

bkicjb wabo w` ifyrlsb o`sb dkùjbgeb ikg bq}bslbkfb f`kfbsklke lkxbvwobkw+ Vlkfb wab

u`sjg `h crvlkbvv wbkg w` bq}ikg gilj|* wab e`xbskobkw ua` lv sbv}`kvlcjb w` vbw sberjislwlbv

ikg }`jlf| `xbs lkxbvwobkw `}}`swrklwlbv va`rjg cb voisw bk`rea w` frswilj rkgbsrwljl~iwl`k

ikg lgjbkbvv `h sbv`rsfbv ikg bkaikfb hrjj rwljl~iwl`k `h wab sbv`rsfbv+ Wab e`xbskobkw orvw

cb fò}bwbkw lk sgbs w lo}s`xb }bsh`soikfb ikg oidb i e``g f`kws`j v` iv w` bkvrsb wab

oiqloro rwljl~iwl`k `h sbv`rsfbv+ Lw lv sbfòobkgbg waiw wab e`xbskobkw va`rjg cb iuisb

ulwa ik| dlkg `h }s`hlwicljlw| ualfa f`rjg islvb c| lkfsbivb `}}`swrklwlbv `h lkxbvwobkwv*

aùbxbs bhhlflbkf| ikg bhhbfwlxbkbvv `h lwv lkwbsxbkwl`k ikg bkh`sfbobkw aiv w` cb lo}s`xbg

v` iv w` ifalbxb lwv eìjv+


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lq

Wicjb `h F`kwbkwv

Fbswlhlfiwl`k ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ lll

Gbfjisiwl`k Ikg F`}|sleaw+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ lxIfs`k|ov++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ xll

Wicjb h F`kwbkwv ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ lq

Jlvw `h Wicjbv+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ qll

Jlvw `h Hlersbv+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ qlll

FAI]WBS @KB+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 9

9+= Lkws`grfwl`k ikg cifdes`rkg w` wab vwrg|+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 9

9+9 Cifdes`rkg ikg Ilov++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 9

9+3 Siwl`kijb h`s wab vwrg|+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 6

9+6 Vwiwbobkw `h wab }s`cjbo +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 7

9+7 Sbvbisfa @cnbfwlxbv +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 7

9+7+9 Ebkbsij @cnbfwlxb++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 7

9+7+3 V}bflhlf @cnbfwlxbv ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 7

9+2 Sbvbisfa yrbvwl`kv+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2

9+8 Vf`}b h wab vwrg| ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2

9+5 Vleklhlfikw `h wab Vwrg| ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2

9+1 Glvvbswiwl`k vwsrfwrsb+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 8

9+


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q

3+3 Bo}lslfij Sbxlbu++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3=

3+6 F`kfb}wrij Hsiobu`sd++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 39

FAI]WBS WASBB +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 36

6+= Sbvbisfa Obwa`g`jè|++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 36

6+9 Lkws`grfwl`k++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 36

6+3 Sbvbisfa gbvlek+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 36

6+6 Sbvbisfa W bfaklyrbv++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 32

6+7 Isbi `h vwrg| +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 32

6+2 ]`}rjiwl`k ikg rklw `h bkyrls| +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 32

6+8 Giwi f`j jbfwl k obwa gv +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 38

6+8+9 ]slois| giwi f`jjbfwl`k +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 38

6+8+3 Vbf`kgis| giwi+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 35

6+5 Vio}jb vl~b ikg vio}jlke wbfaklyrbv+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 31

6+5+9 Vio}jb vl~b +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 31

6+1 Yrbvwl`kkilsbv+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3/

Fai}wbs 9> Lkws grfwl`k+ Wab fai}wbs hbiwrsbv Lkws grfwl`k w` wab sbvbisfa }s`cjbo* vwiwbobkw

`h wab }s`cjbo* nrvwlhlfiwl`k `h wab vwrg|* vf`}b `h wab vwrg| ikg vleklhlfikfb `h wab vwrg|+

Fai}wbs 3> Jlwbsiwrsb Sbxlbu+ Walv fai}wbs sbxlbu `k sberjiw s| lkwbsxbkwl`k ikg bkh`sfbobkw

lk sbjiwl`k w` crvlkbvv }bsh`soikfb* c`wa wab`sbwlfij ikg bo}lslfij bxlgbkfbv isb }s`xlgbg+

F`kfb}wrij hsiobu`sd lv ijv` vaùk `k walv fai}wbs+

Fai}wbs 6> Sbvbisfa Obwa`g`jè| + Walv fai}wbs elxbv wab `xbsijj xlbu `h wab sbvbisfa

obwa`gv rvbg w` ikij|vb wab sbvbisfa }s`cjbo+

Fai}wbs 7> ]sbvbkwiwl`k ikg Glvfrvvl`k `h Hlkglkev+ Lk walv fai}wbs* wab }sbvbkwiwl`kv `h

hlkglkev hsò lkwbsxlbu* g`frobkwis| sbxlbu ikg yrbvwl`kkilsbv isb glvfrvvbg ikg sbvrjwv lv

lkwbs}sbwbg+

Fai}wbs 2> Vroois|* F`kfjrvl`k* Sbfòobkgiwl`kv ikg }`jlf| lo}jlfiwl`kv+ ]s`xlgbv i

vroois| `h hlkglkev ikg f`kfjrvl`k `h wab vwrg| ikg lw elxbv sbfòobkgiwl`kv w` bkvrsb

}s`grfwlxlw| ` h sberjiwl kv ikg }`jlflbv +

Fai}wbs 8> Fslwlfij bxijriwl`k+ Walv fai}wbs }sbvbkwv i fslwlfij bxijriwl`k `h }s`nbfw

}bsh`soikfb+ Wab i}}s`}sliwbkbvv `h obwa`gv bo}j`|bg lk walv vwrg| lv sbxlbubg ikg wab

jbvv`kv jbiskbg isb bq}j`sbg+

9+


21/83

Wab }ùbs h sberjiw`s| lkwbsxbkwl`k ikg bkh`sfbobkw lk


1

ikg }s`cjbov ualfa alkgbs wab i}}jlfiwl`k `h wa`vb sberjiwl`kv ikg }`jlflbv lk wab crvlkbvv

`seikl~iwl`k+ wabsbh`sb wab sbvbisfabs uljj ilo iw hljjlke wab bqlvwlke ei} `h wab rkf`xbsbg

isbiv c| wab }sbxl`rv sbvbisfabs uabsbc| o`vw `h wab sbxlbubg vwrglbv aig k`w sbfòobkg

bqifwj| uaiw va`rjg cb g`kb w` bkvrsb wa`vb sberjiwl`kv lo}`vbg isb bqifwj| vrlwicjb ikg

}s`hlwicjb h`s crvlkbvv }bsh`soikfb+ Wabsbh`sb wab sbvbisfabs rkgbsw``d wab vwrg| v` iv w`

vaù }ùbs `h sberjiw`s| lkwbsxbkwl`k ikg bkh`sfbobkw h s cbwwbs crvlkbvv }bsh soikfb+ Ijv`

wab sbvbisfa kbxbs cbbk f`kgrfwbg lk wab `seiklviwl`k+


22/83



Fò}jlikfb ulwa wab bqwbskij srjbv waiw isb lo}`vbg r}`k ik seikl~iwl`k iv i ua`jb

Jbxbj 3> Fò}jlikfb ulwa lkwbskij v|vwbo `h f`kws`j waiw isb lo}`vbg w` ifalbxb fò}jlikfb

ulwa wab bqwbskijj| lo}`vbg srjbv+

3+9+2 Crvlkbvv

Vwb}abkv`k !3==5, vi|v waiw* Crvlkbvv lv wab sberjis }s`grfwl`k `s }rsfaivb ikg vijb `h

e``gv rkgbswidbk ulwa ik `cnbfwlxb `h bisklke }s`hlw ikg ifyrlslke ubijwa was`rea wab

viwlvhifwl`k `h aroik uikwv+ Glfdvbb !3==7, }s`xlgb i jbeij hsiobu`sd h`s crvlkbvv* Ab vi|v

crvlkbvv sbhbsv w` i h`so `h ifwlxlw| f`kgrfwbg ulwa ik `cnbfwlxb `h bisklke }s`hlwv h`s wab

cbkbhlw `h wa`vb `k ua`vb cbaijh wab ifwlxlw| lv f`kgrfwbg+ Abks| !9


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9

l+ Aù g`bv sberjiwl`k firvijj| lkhjrbkfb crvlkbvv }bsh`soikfb `rwfòbv* ikg ua| g`

wab| xis| cbwubbk crvlkbvvbv0

ll+ Uaiw f`kglwl`kv vr}}`swalkgbs wab bqbsflvb `h wabvb firvij obfaiklvov* wabsbc|

vai}lke wab `rwfòb sbijl~bg lk }sifwlfb0

Hlersb 34 F`kfb}wrij hsiobu`sd

Wab i}}sìfa e`bv cb|`kg vwrglbv h`frvlke `k crvlkbvv ùkbsv }bsfb}wl`kv `h sberjiwl`k iv

i crsgbk `k crvlkbvv ikg fò}jlikfb f`vw vwrglbv waiw }sbvbkw i vwiwlf }lfwrsb `h sb erjiwl`kiv i f`vw `s f`kvwsilkw+ Lkvwbig* wab sbvbisfabs }s`}`vbv i o`gbj bq}jilklke wab g|kiolf

Sberjiw`s|

Hsiobu`sd

Crvlkbvv

]bsh`soikfb

@rwfòb

F`kws`j Xislicjbv

Be+ Slvd* ]`jlwlfij+

Lkgb}bkgbkw

Xislicjb

Gb}bkgbkw

Xislicjb


35/83



33

lo}ifw `h sberjiwl`k ikg bkh`sfbobkw wùisg crvlkbvv }bsh`soikfb+ Wab o`gbj v}bflhlfijj|

ijjùv h`s xisliwl`k lk crvlkbvv oikiebobkw igi}wiwl`kv w` sberjiwl`k grb w` glhhbsbkfbv lk

wabls fi}iflwlbv ikg o`wlxiwl`kv* ikg w` glhhbsbkfbv lk }bsh`soikfb `rwfòbv grb w` wab

lkhjrbkfb `h wab ulgbs f`kwbqwv ulwalk ualfa crvlkbvvbv `}bsiwb+ Walv `}bkv r} v}ifb h`s

}`jlf| w` lkwbsxbkb w` bkaikfb crvlkbvv oikiebobkw fi}iflwlbv w` glvf`xbs ikg lkwbs}sbw

sberjiwl`k ikg w` igi}w w` lw lk i oikkbs jldbj| w` lo}s`xb crvlkbvv }bsh soikfb+ Vwisw/r} ikg

crvlkbvv gbxbj`}obkw }sèsioobv f`rjg lkf`s}`siwb jbisklke ic`rw sberjiwl`k ikg aù w`

igi}w w lw+ Walv oleaw ijv` abj} `xbsfòb wab rkg`rcwbg a`vwljlw| `h vòb crvlkbvv ùkbsv

ua` }bsfblxb sberjiwl`k iv w`wijj| rksbjiwbg w` f`kgrfwlke crvlkbvv ifwlxlwlbv+


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36

FAI]WBS WASBB

6+= Sbvbisfa Obwa`g`jè|

Walv fai}wbs glvfrvvbv wab obwa`g`jèlfij hsiobu`sd waiw uiv rvbg w` f`kgrfw wab vwrg| `k

ikij|vlv `h sberjiw`s| lkwbsxbkwl`k ikg bkh`sfbobkw lk sbjiwl`k w` crvlkbvv }bsh`soikfb iw

Bivw Ihslfik Fòorklw|+ Lw glvfrvvbv wab sbvbisfa gbvlek ikg giwi f`jjbfwl`k lkvwsrobkwv waiw

ubsb rvbg lk wab vwrg|4 lw vaùv wab isbi uabsb wab vwrg| uiv fisslbg ikg vio}jlke

wbfaklyrbv+ Wab fai}wbs ijv` gb}lfwv wab sbjiwlxb vwsbkewav ikg ubidkbvvbv `h wab obwa`gv

ikg lkvwsrobkwv fa`vbk c| wab sbvbisfabs+ Hrswabso`sb* wab fai}wbs f`xbsv wab giwi ikij|vlv

}s`fbgrsbv waiw ubsb rvbg ihwbs wab f`jjbfwl`k `h giwi ikg wab vroois|+

6+9 Lkws`grfwl`k+

Wab sbvbisfa ikij|vbv wab lo}ifw `h sberjislwlbv* }`jlf| ikg bkh`sfbobkwv lo}`vbg c| wab

oikiebobkw ikg e`xbskobkw lk sbjiwl`k w` crvlkbvv }bsh`soikfb+ Aùbxbs wab vwrg| aiv

cbbk f`kgrfwbg lk Bivw Ihslfik Fòorklw| h`frvlke `k wab vwikgisgv `h sberjiwl`k* }`jlf|

ikg bkh`sfbobkwv lo}`vbg c| wab oikiebobkw ikg e`xbskobkwv `h hlxb f`rkwslbv lk iff`sg

ikg aleajleaw vrlwicjb f`gb h f`kgrfw waiw fik bkaikfb crvlkbvv }bsh soikfb+ Lk walv fai}wbs

sbvbisfabs }sbvbkwbg wab Obwa`g`jèlbv ikg }s`fbgrsbv ualfa rvbg lk giwi f`jjbfwl`k h`s walv

sbvbisfa+ Lw fò}slvbv sbvbisfa gbvlek* vio}jlke }s`fbgrsbv* giwi f`jjbfwl k obwa`gv ikg

v`rsfbv `h giwi ualfa lkfjrgb yrbvwl`kkilsb* g`frobkwis| sbxlbu* ikg lkwbsxlbu ikg

sbvbisfabs `cvbsxiwl`k+

6+3 Sbvbisfa gbvlek

Wab }rs}`vb `h wab vwrg| uiv w` lkxbvwleiwb wab lo}ifw `h }`jlf| ikg sberjiwl`kv lk sbjiwl`k w`

crvlkbvv }bsh soikfb `rwfòbv+ Wab sbfblxbg ulvgò islvlke hsò }sbxl`rv vwrglbv `hwbk

ivvrobv i siwabs kissù xlbu `h sberjiwl`k h`frvlke `k wab crsgbkv* f`vwv ikg f`kvwsilkwvwaiw sberjiwl`k lo}`vbv `k crvlkbvv bkwlw|+ Walv sb}`sw }sbvbkwv ik ijwbskiwlxb crw

hrkgiobkwijj| fò}jbobkwis| xlbu* f`kvwsrfwbg hsò i csìgbs rkgbsvwikglke `h wab glxbsvb

ui|v sberjiwl`k f`kwslcrwbv w` crvlkbvv }bsh`soikfb `rwfòbv+ Wab i}}sìfa uiv

v}bflhlfijj| gbvlekbg w` fi}wrsb wab fò}jbqlw| ikg lkwbssbjiwbg kiwrsb `h wab hifw`sv waiw

rkgbs}lk glhhbsbkfbv lk crvlkbvv }bsh`soikfb+ Ikg ulwalk walv w` bq}jilk ua| ikg aù

crvlkbvvbv wbkg w` bq}bslbkfb glhhbsbkw }bsh`soikfb `rwfòbv gbv}lwb i fòo`k sberjiw`s|

bkxls`kobkw+


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Wab hlkglkev vreebvw waiw ijwa`rea sberjiwl`k fjbisj| g`bv lo}`vb f`vwv ikg ihhbfw crvlkbvvbv

}bsh`soikfb* wab }bsh`soikfb `rwfòbv bq}bslbkfbg lk }sifwlfb isb k`w vlo}j| i hrkfwl`k `h

wab sberjiwl`k lkx`jxbg+ Siwabs wab| ijv` sbhjbfw c`wa wab fi}iflwlbv ikg o`wlxiwl`kv `h

}iswlfrjis crvlkbvvbv ikg wab ulgbs f`kwbqwv wab| `}bsiwb+ Wab sbvbisfa hlkglkev fik igg w`

wab bvwicjlvabg cbwwbs sberjiwl`k iebkgi+ Lk }iswlfrjis* wab| }s`xlgb i civlv h`s wab

gbxbj`}obkw `h kbu h`sov `h crvlkbvv vr}}`sw waiw f`rjg bkicjb wab cbwwbs sberjiwl`k

}sèsioob w` o`sb fò}jbwbj| ifalbxb lwv f`sb ilov `h lo}s`xlke crvlkbvv }bsh`soikfb+

Wab sbvbisfa fik ijv` cb rvbg w` hrswabs gbxbj`} wab hlso lo}ifw wbvw `k wab bhhbfwv `h kbu

sberjiwl`k+

Iff`sglke w` D`waisl !9 Walv gbijv ulwa wab obwa`g rvbg w` vbjbfw lwbov w` cb `cvbsxbg h`s

wab vwrg|+

ll+ Wab `cvbsxiwl`kij gbvlek> Walv gbvlek sbjiwbv wab f`kglwl`kv rkgbs ualfa wab `cvbsxiwl`k

uiv w` cb oigb+

lll+ Wab vwiwlvwlfij gbvlek> Walv f`kfbsk ulwa wab yrbvwl`k `h aù oik| lwbov ubsb w` cb

`cvbsxbg ikg aù wab lkh`soiwl`k ikg giwi eiwabsbg ubsb w` cb ikij|~bg+

lx+ @}bsiwl`kij gbvlek> Walv gbijv ulwa wab wbfaklyrbv c| ualfa wab }s`fbgrsbv v}bflhlbg lk

wab vio}jlke* vwiwlvwlfij ikg `cvbsxiwl`kij gbvlek uiv fisslbg `rw+

x+ Wab }s`xlvl`k `h i s`ò h`s gbwiljbg sbvbisfa iv lw uiv gbijlke ulwa `kj| i vlkejb

`seikl~iwl`k+ Walv bkicjbg i sbvbisfabs w` rvb bhhbfwlxbj| i glhhbsbkw obwa`gv ikg

wbfaklyrb h`s i e``g sbvbisfa u`sd+

xl+ Fivb vwrg| iv ik bkyrls| rvbg orjwl}jb v`rsfb `h lkh`soiwl`k vrfa iv lkwbsxlbu*

g`frobkw sbxlbu ikg `cvbsxiwl`k+ Warv wab fò}islv`k `h lkh`soiwl`k f`jjbfwbg hsò


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wa`vb obwa`gv elxb o`sb fslwlfij hlkglkev ic`rw lo}ifw `h sberjiwl`kv lk sbjiwl`k w`

crvlkbvv }bsh`soikfb+

xll+ Vlkfb ifigbolf sbyrlsbobkw uiv `kb `h wab vleklhlfikw `h walv vwrg| lk f`kvlgbsiwl`k `h

oik| hifwv fivb vwrg| cbfiob o`sb i}}s`}sliwb gbvlek h`s walv sbvbisfa+

xlll+ Wab iffbvvlcljlw| w` wab isbi `h wab vwrg| ikg sbjbxikw lkh`soiwl`k uiv }`vvlcjb was`rea

wab rvb `h fivb vwrg|+

Wab fivb vwrg| gbvlek aiv cbbk rvbg cbfirvb `h wab cbkbhlwv lw aiv `xbs vrsxb| lk wbsov `h

wlob sbv`rsfbv ikg hjbqlcljlw|+ Hrswabso`sb wab fivb vwrg| ijjùv `kb w` aixb ik lk/gb}wa `k

vrcnbfwv+ Wab sbvbisfa gbvlek a`jgv wab }s`fbgrsb `h vwrg|lke ikg f`jjbfwlke lkh`soiwl`k

ulwalk i }iswlfrjis `seikl~iwl`k+

6+6 Sbvbisfa Wbfaklyrbv

Wab sbvbisfa rvbg c`wa yrijlwiwlxb ikg yrikwlwiwlxb sbvbisfa wbfaklyrbv w` lkfsbivb wab

xijlglw| ikg sbjlicljlw| `h f`jjbfwbg giwi hs o xisl`rv v`rsfbv+ Yrijlwiwlxb sbvbisfa rvbg u`sgv

lk f`jjbfwlke ikg ikij|~lke giwi v` iv w` vbw wab vlwriwl`k lk bq}bslbkfbv `h wab`slbv obwa`gv

`h vfa``jv ualjb Yrikwlwiwlxb sbvbisfa i}}jlbg `}wlolvwlf obwa`g`jè| ikg }slkfl}jbv* lw rvbv

krobslfij obwa`gv lk crvlkbvv+

6+7 Isbi `h vwrg|

Wab sbvbisfa f`kgrfwbg iw wab Bivw Ihslfik Fòorklw| !BIF, lk Isrvai Sbel`k+ Wab oilk

isbiv h f`kfbkwsiwl`k `h walv sbvbisfa isb iff`rkwlke* hlkikfb ikg igolklvwsiwl`k gb}iswobkw+

Wab sbvbisfabs gbflgbg w` f`kgrfw sbvbisfa iw BIF cbfirvb lw lv wab abigyriswbsv `h ijj

bivwbsk f`rkwslbv ikg ijj giwi f`kfbsklke sberjiw`s| lkwbsxbkwl`k ikg bkh`sfbobkw `h }iswkbsvwiwb wùisg crvlkbvv }bsh`soikfb f`rjg cb `cwilkbg+

6+2 ]`}rjiwl`k ikg rklw `h bkyrls|

Wab BIF `seikl~iwl`k aiv cbbk wab rklw `h wab vwrg| uabsb c| vbkl`s Iff`rkwikw* Hlkikflij

Oikiebs4 crvlkbvv gbxbj`}obkw Vwihh ikg f`/u`sdbsv eixb i esbiw ivvlvwikfb lk giwi

f`jjbfwl`k+

Wab fslwbsli rvbg w` fòb r} ulwa }iswlfl}ikwv ua` }iswlfl}iwbg lk wab vwrg| ubsb>


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l+ Fi}icljlw| `h wab es`r} w` }s`xlgb xijricjb lkh`soiwl`k `k wab ikij|vlv `h }`jlflbv ikg

sberjiwl`kv lk sbjiwl`k w` crvlkbvv }bsh`soikfb+

ll+ Wab icljlw| `h wab sbvbisfabs w` aixb iffbvv w wab vbjbfwbg e s`r} `h BIFv oikiebobkw

wbio* jù jbxbj bo}j`|bbv ikg hlkij cbkbhlflislbv* ualfa uiv ifalbxbg c| lkh solke wabo

cbh`sb wab| i}}s`xb w` }iswlfl}iwb lk wab vwrg|+

6+8 Giwi f`jjbfwl`k obwa`gv

Fòclkiwl`k `h obwa`gv rvbg h`s giwi f`jjbfwl`k4 ulwa walv fòclkiwl`k o`sb fò}sbabkvlxb

ikg fjbis lkh`soiwl`k f`jjbfwbg was`rea fò}islv`k `h lkh`soiwl`k hsò xisl`rv obwa`gv+

H`jjùlke isb wab oin`s giwi f`jjbfwl`k obwa`gv waiw ubsb bo}j`|bg+

6+8+9 ]slois| giwi f`jjbfwl`k

]slois| giwi lv lkh`soiwl`k eiwabsbg glsbfwj| hsò sbv}`kgbkwv ualfa lkx`jxbv fsbiwlke kbu

giwi f`jjbfwbg hsò bqlvwlke v`rsfbv+ ]slois| giwi ubsb f`jjbfwbg was`rea Yrbvwl`kbsv*

}bsv`kij lkwbsxlbu ikg }bsv`kij `cvbsxiwl`kv+ Bifa `h wabvb giwi f`jjbfwl`k obwa`g lv

fjislhlbg cbjù+ Lw uiv f`kgrfwbg c| rvlke wab h`jjùlke obwa`gv+

6+8+9+9 Lkwbsxlbu

]bsv`kij lkwbsxlbu obwa`g sbyrlsbv lkwbsxlbubs ivdlke yrbvwl`kv ebkbsijj| lk i hifb/w`/hifb

f`kwifw w` wab `wabs }bsv`k `s }bsv`kv* ikg wab obwa`g `h f`jjbfwlke lkh`soiwl`k was`rea

}bsv`kij lkwbsxlbuv lv rvrijj| fisslbg `rw lk i vwsrfwrsbg ui| fijjlke wab lkwbsxlbuv vwsrfwrsbg

lkwbsxlbuv ualfa lkx`jxb wab rvb `h i vbw `h }sbgbwbsolkbg yrbvwl`kv* ikg `h aleaj|

vwikgisgl~bg wbfaklyrbv `h sbf`sglke D`waisl !3==7,+

Wab sbvbisfabs uiv glsbfwj| lkwbsifwlke ulwa BIF vwihh civlfijj| `k wab iff`rkwlke hlbjg*

oikiebslij gb}iswobkwv+ C`wa vwsrfwrsbg ikg rkvwsrfwrsbg lkwbsxlbu ubsb rvbg* widlke lkw`

iff`rkw lvvrbv `h wlob* kiwrsb `h wab n`c ikg }`vlwl`k `h wab fjlbkw* wab lkwbsxlbuv erlgbg c|

lkwbsxlbu fabfdjlvw uabsbc| yrbvwl`k uiv }sb}isbg lk igxikfb+

6+8+9+3 @cvbsxiwl`k

@cvbsxiwl`k v|vwbo lv i }s`fbgrsb c| ualfa ik `cvbsxbs sbf`sgv uaiw lv `ffrsslke lk vòb

vlwriwl`k `s vbwwlke+ @cvbsxiwl`k fik cb fiwbe`sl~bg oilkj| lkw` }iswlfl}ikw ikg k`k /}iswlfl}ikw

`cvbsxiwl`k+ Lk }iswlfl}ikw `cvbsxiwl`k* wab sbvbisfabs lv glsbfwj| lkx`jxbg lk wab f`jjbfwl`k `h

giwi was`rea `cvbsxiwl`k* ualjb lk wab k`k/}iswlfl}ikw `cvbsxiwl`k* wab sbvbisfabs g`bv k`wglsbfwj| }iswlfl}iwb lk wab giwi f`jjbfwl`k+


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35

Wab oilk igxikwieb `h walv lkvwsrobkw lv waiw vrcnbfwlxb cliv lv bjlolkiwbg* lh `cvbsxiwl`k lv

g`kb iffrsiwbj|* ikg wab lkh`soiwl`k `cwilkbg sbsiwbv w` uaiw lv frssbkwj| ai}}bklke !D`waisl

3==7,* wabk `cvbsxiwl`k fik cb rvbhrj lk glvf`xbslke uabwabs }b`}jb g` uaiw wab| vi| wab|

g`* `s cbaixb lk wab ui| wab| fjilo w` cbaixb+ K`w `kj| waiw* crw ijv` walv obwa`g lv

lkgb}bkgbkw `h wab vrcnbfwv uljjlkekbvv w` }iswlfl}iwb ikg aleajleawv cbaixl`rsv ikg ifwl`kv

waiw }b`}jb oi| k`w walkd w sb}`sw cbfirvb wab| vbbo rklo}`swikw Ilki !3==3,+

Wabsbh`sb sbvbisfabs rvbg walv cbfirvb k`w ijj lkh`soiwl`k fik cb eiwabsbg was`rea `wabs

obwa`gv+ Vòb lkh soiwl`k kbbgv vljbkfb vwrg|+ \bw lw lv iffrsiwb ui| `h uiwfalke ikg k`wlke

}abkòbk`k iv wab| `ffrs lk kiwrsb ulwa sbeisgv w` wab firvbv ikg orwrij sbjiwl`kv lk gi| /

w`/gi| ifwlxlwlbv w` dkù hifw`sv f`kwslcrwlke w` olvoikiebobkw ikg gbwbsl`siwl`kv `h

sberjiwl`kv+ V` sbvbisfabs rvbg `cvbsxiwl`k w` eiwabs vòb lkh`soiwl`k ualfa lk `kb ui| `s

ik`wabs oleaw| cb g lhhlfrjw w` f`jjbfwbg rvlke `wabs obwa gv b+e+ Ivvbv jbxbj `h u`sd bhhlflbkf|

lk sbv}bfw w` ifwlxlwlbv f`kfbsklke wab gbwbsl`siwl`k `h }`jlflbv ikg sberjiwl`kv+

6+8+9+6 Yrbvwl`kkilsbv

I yrbvwl`kkilsb lv wab vfabgrjb `h yrbvwl`kv lk ualfa wab sbv}`kgbkwv hljj lk wab ikvubsv+ I

vbslbv `h yrbvwl`kv uiv }sb}isbg ikg glvwslcrwbg w` glhhbsbkw bo}j`|bbv ua` ubsb vbjbfwbg iv

i vio}jb w` ikvubs+ Wab yrbvwl`kv ubsb c`wa `}bk ikg fj`vbg yrbvwl`k+ Wab h`jjùlke ubsb

igxikwiebv `h rvlke yrbvwl`kkilsb+

l+ Wabsb uiv jù f`vw bxbk uabk wab rklxbsvb uiv jiseb ikg lv ulgbj| v}sbig

ebèsi}alfijj|+

ll+ Lw aiv cbbk hsbb hsò wab c liv `h wab lkwbsxlbubs4 ikvubsv ubsb lk sbv}`kgbkwv ùk u`sgv+

lll+ Sbv}`kgbkwv aig igbyriwb wlob w` elxb ubjj wabls wa`reaw ikg ikvubsv+

lx+ Sbv}`kgbkwv* ua` ubsb k`w bivlj| i}}sìfaicjb* f`rjg ijv` cb sbifabg f`kxbklbkwj|+

x+ Jiseb vio}jbv f`rjg cb oigb ikg warv wab sbvrjwv f`rjg cb o`sb gb}bkgicjb+

6+8+3 Vbf`kgis| giwi

Wabvb isb wa`vb giwi waiw aixb cbbk f`jjbfwbg c| `wabsv+ Wabvb lkfjrgbg `hhlflij sb}`swv*g`frobkwv* oiei~lkbv* kbuvjbwwbsv* }bsl`glfijv* wbqwc``dv ikg wab jldb+


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6+8+3+9 G`frobkwis| sbxlbu

Wab sbvbisfabs ijv` bqiolkbg wab g`frobkwv `h BIF iv ui| `h f`jjbfwlke giwi+ Lk walv

obwa`g* BIF c``dv ikg irglw`sv sb}`sw ubsb lkv}bfwbg4 Ikkrij hlkikflij sb}`swv ikg xisl`rv

}rcjlvabg ikg k`k/}rcjlvabg oiwbslij `h BIF ubsb sbxlbubg+ Wab sbvbisfabs rvbg walv

obwa`g lk `sgbs w ebw lk/gb}wa lkh`soiwl`k `k ikij|vlv `h crvlkbvv }bsh soikfb lk sbjiwl`k w

}`jlf| ikg sberjiw`s| lkwbsxbkwl`k+ Lw uiv ijv` rvbg w` bkaikfb wab xijlglw| ikg xijrb `h wab

vwrg| c| hljjlke lk wab ei}v waiw f`rjg aixb cbbk jbhw c| `wabs giwi f`jjbfwl`k obwa`gv+

Aùbxbs* ubidkbvvbv vrfa iv irwabkwlflw| `h wab bqiolkbg g`frobkwv* ikg nrgeobkw `h wab

xijrb `h g`frobkw f`kwbkwv ubsb aikgjbg fisbhrjj| c| wab sbvbisfabs lk `sgbs w` bkvrsb wab

sleaw lkh soiwl`k h`s wab vwrg| uiv `cwilkbg+

6+5 Vio}jb vl~b ikg vio}jlke wbfaklyrbv

Wab sbvbisfabs rvbg }s`}`swl`kij vwsiwlhlbg sikgò vio}jlke wbfaklyrb w` bkvrsb i cijikfb ` h

iw jbivw sbv}`kgbkwv hsò bifa gb}iswobkw+ Lk walv obwa`g wab sbvbisfabs glxlgbg wab

}`}rjiwl`k lkw` vwsiwi !es`r}v, iff`sglke w` wab krocbs `h v}bflhlf es`r} `h }`}rjiwl`k w` cb

lkfjrgbg lk wab vio}jb+ Wabk hsò bifa vwsiwro i vio}jb lv sikgòj| gsiuk }s`}`swl`kijj|+

C| }s`}`swl`kij lw obikv waiw |`r widb wab viob }bsfbkwieb+ Aùbxbs* glhhbsbkw vwsiwi rvbg

isb4 oikiebsv* bo}j`|bbv ikg f`/u`sdbsv+

Wab sbvbisfabs rvbg f`kxbklbkw ikg }rs}`vlxb nrgebobkw vio}jlke lk `sgbs w` `cwilk

i}}s`}sliwb lkh`soiwl`k uabsbc| was`rea f`kxbklbkw vio}jlke* wab sbvbisfabs uiv icjb w`

vbjbfw vio}jb iv v``k iv }`vvlcjb ulwa i h frv `h sbvbisfa yrbvwl kv ikg `cnbfwlxbv `h wab

vwrg|+ Ualjb was`rea nrgebobkwij vio}jlke* i sbvbisfabs uiv icjb w` vbjbfw fivbv waiw rvbg

w` ikvubs sbvbisfa yrbvwl`kv !Virkgbsv 3==6,+

6+5+9 Vio}jb vl~b

Ijj rklwv `h wab `}bsiwl`k lkfjrglke `kb glsbfw`s* wasbb abigv `h gb}iswobkwv* ikg bjbxbk

abigv `h glxlvl`kv aiv cbbk frvw`glik h lkh soiwl`k ualfa lv }bswlkbkw w` walv vwrg|+ Aùbxbs*

vio}jb vl~b uiv f`kvlgbsbg gb}bkglke `k wab sbvbisfa `cnbfwlxb `h walv vwrg| v` iv w` h`frv

`k wab v}bflhlf oiwbslij lk ualfa wab sbvbisfabs aiv cbbk icjb w` gbo`kvwsiwb }s`hlflbkf| `k

wab csìgbs fai}wbs `cnbfwlxbv+


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3 wab sbvbisfabs sbivvrsbg }iswlfl}ikwv waiw lkh soiwl`k wab| }s`x lgb uljj

k`w cb glvfj`vbg w` `wabsv `wabs waik ulwalk wab f`kwbqw `h wab sbvbisfa* `s iw i olkloro

uljj cb oigb ik`k|o`rv+

ll+ Gbfb}wl`k> Wab sbvbisfabs ix`lgbg gbfb}wl`k lk lkh`solke }iswlfl}ikwv ic`rw wab

sbvbisfa+

lll+ Gbcslbhlke> Ijv` wab sbvbisfabs }s`xlgbg }iswlfl}ikw ulwa igglwl`kij lkh`soiwl`k w`

vr}}`sw wabo ihwbs widlke }isw lk wab sbvbisfa ikg }s`xlgb wsrb lkh`soiwl`k lh gbfb}wl`k

uiv kbfbvvis| `slelkijj|+

lx+ Ulwagsiuij hsò lkxbvwleiwl`k> Aùbxbs* wab sbvbisfabs lkh`sobg }iswlfl}ikwv `h wabls

sleaw w` ulwagsiuij hsò wab sbvbisfa iw ik| vwieb lkfjrglke grslke `s iw wab bkg `h wabls

lkx`jxbobkw `s vrcvbyrbkwj|+ Wabvb jiwwbs flsfrovwikfbv sbyrlsb waiw }iswlfl}ikwv isb

lkh`sobg `h wab lkxbvwleiw`s kiob ikg f`kwifw gbwiljv+

x+ Lkh`sobg f`kvbkw> Wab sbvbisfabs lkh`sobg }iswlfl}ikwv `h wab ilov ikg }s`fbgrsb `h

wab sbvbisfa ikg `cwilkbg wabls iesbbobkw w` widb }isw `k wab civlv `h walv lkh`soiwl`k+

Hrjj| lkh`sobg f`kvbkw lo}jlbv dkùjbgeb `h bxbs|walke waiw oleaw sbiv`kicj| cb

bq}bfwbg w` lkhjrbkfb i }iswlfl}ikwv gbf lvl`k w` x`jrkwbbs ikg vaù lgbijj| cb `cwilkbg

xli vlekiwrsbv `h ijj }iswlfl}ikwv+ Olkloijj| walv lkfjrgbg i vwiwbobkw waiw }iswlfl}ikw lv

x`jrkwis|* uaiw }iswlfl}iwl`k lkx`jxbv ikg wab }`wbkwlij slvd ikg f`khlsoiwl`k waiw ik|

yrbslbv aixb cbbk ikvubsbg+

Wab }rs}`vb `h wab vwrg| lv w` lkxbvwleiwb wab lo}ifw `h e`xbskobkw ikg oikiebobkw

sberjiwl`kv k crvlkbvv }bsh soikfb `rwfòbv+ Wab sbfblxbg ulvgò islvlke hsò }sbxl`rv

vwrglbv `hwbk ivvrobv i siwabs kissù xlbu `h sberjiwl`k h`frvvlke `k wab crsgbkv* f`vwv ikg

f`kvwsilkwv waiw sberjiwl`k lo}`vbv `k crvlkbvv+ Walv sb}`sw }sbvbkwv ik ijwbskiwlxb crw


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hrkgiobkwijj| fò}jbobkwis| xlbu* f`kvwsrfwbg hsò i csìgbs rkgbsvwikglke `h wab glxbsvb

ui|v sberjiwl`k f`kwslcrwbv w` crvlkbvv }bsh`soikfb `rwfòbv+

Wab i}}sìfa uiv v}bflhlfijj| gbvlekbg w` fi}wrsb wab fò}jbqlw| ikg lkwbs/sbjiwbg kiwrsb `h

wab hifw`sv waiw rkgbs}lk glhhbsbkfbv lk crvlkbvv }bsh`soikfb+ Ikg ulwalk walv w` bq}jilk ua|

ikg aù crvlkbvvbv wbkg w` bq}bslbkfb glhhbsbkw }bsh soikfb `rwfòbv gbv }lwb i fòo`k

sberjiw`s| bkxls`kobkw+

Wab sbvrjwv f`khlso waiw sberjiwl`k lv bkicjlke ikg o`wlxiwlke h`s voijj crvlkbvv ùkbsv iv

ubjj iv f`kvwsilklke+ Ijwa`rea wab f`vwv ikg f`kvwsilkwv ivv`fliwbg ulwa sberjiwl`k ubsb iw wab

h`sbhs`kw `h crvlkbvv ùkbsv olkgv* wab giwi ijv` vreebvw waiw oik| crvlkbvv ùkbsv ubsb

iuisb waiw sberjiwl`k hhbsv `}}`swrklwlbv w` gbxbj`} o`sb bhhlflbkw ui|v `h u`sdlke ikg`s `h

lkfsbivlke lkfòb+


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66

FAI]WBS H@RS

7+= ]sbvbkwiwl`k ikg glvfrvvl`k `h hlkglkev

7+9 Lkws`grfwl`k

Walv fai}wbs }sbvbkwv wab fslwlfij ikij|vlv `h giwi f`jjbfwbg hsò wab hlbjg+ Wab giwi uiv

civbg `k wab yrbvwl`kkilsbv* lkwbsxlbuv ikg g`frobkwis| sbxlbu ualfa ubsb gbslxbg hsò wab

vwrg| `cnbfwlxbv +Wab hlkglkev ubsb }sbvbkwbg ikg ikij|~bg rvlke wicjbv* hlersbv ikg

}bsfbkwiebv+ Wab oilk `cnbfwlxb `h walv vwrg| lv w` ikij|vb wab lo}ifw `h sberjiw`s|

lkwbsxbkwl`k ikg bkh`sfbobkw lk hifljlwiwlke crvlkbvv }bsh`soikfb+ W` iwwilk walv* wab h`jjùlke

isbiv ubsb glvfrvvbg>

l+ Lgbkwlh| wab }s`cjbov alkgbslke wab bhhbfwlxb i}}jlfiwl`k `h sberjiw`s| lkwbsxbkwl`k ikg

bkh`sfbobkw lk crvlkbvv+

ll+ W` }`lkw `rw wab slvd isbiv lk wab i}}jlfiwl`k `h sberjiwl`kv ikg bkh`sfbobkw+

lll+ Bqiolkb wab }`vlwlxb ikg kbeiwlxb lo}ifwv `h sberjiwl`k lkwbsxbkwl`kv lk wab crvlkbvv

}bsh`soikfb+

7+3 Ebkbsij Lkh`soiwl`k ic`rw Sbv}`kgbkwv

Wab gboèsi}alf faisifwbslvwlfv `h sbv}`kgbkwv isb faisifwbsl~bg c| ieb* vbq* ebkgbs*}`vlwl`kv abjg ikg `wabsv+

Isb wabsb ik| vwikgisg sberjiwl`kv ikg }`jlflbv lo}`vbg lk |`rs bvwbbobg crvlkbvv0

Wicjb 94 Sbv}`kvb `k lo}`vbg sberjiwl`kv

Ifwrij sbv}`kgbkw ]bsfbkwieb !",

\bv 39 9==

K` = =


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Hlersb 64 Sbv}`kvb `k lo}`vbg sberjiwl`kv

Vlkfb wab BIF lkvwlwrwl`kv kbbg i rklhlbg sberjiw`s| sbh`so vwsiwbe| waiw }sbvbkwv i sbel`kij

xlbu h sberjiw s| sbh`so ikg lwv lkwbsifwl`k ulwa kiwl`kij sberjiw s| }sifwlfbv* wabsb aig cbbk

k` ik|`kb ua` aiv cbbk h`rkg k`w w` cb iuisb ulwa iw jbivw vòb `h sberjiwl`k ikg }`jlflbv+

Lw lv h`rkg waiw wab vwsiwbe| lkfjrgb obfaiklvo h s o`klw`slke wab lo}ifw ` h cbwwbs sberjiwl`k w`

gbo`kvwsiwb wikelcjb cbkbhlwv ikg ik bhhlflbkw ui| w` g` walv lv w` rvb wab bqlvwlke sbel`kij

kbwu`sd `h sbh`sobsv !SKS, w` fsbiwb ik BIF es`r} `k cbwwbs sberjiwl`k w` gsihw* ulwa wab

vbfsbwisliw* i sb}`sw waiw }s`}`vbv ik ifwl`k }jik ulwa gbigjlkbv* fò}slvlke ik `xbsijj

i}}sìfa w` lo}s`xlke sberjiw`s| }sifwlfbv lk jlkb ulwa sbel`kij lkwbesiwl`k+ I vloljis sb}`vw

g`kb h s wab Brs`}bik Rkl`k !BR, c| wab Oikgbjdbsk es`r} `h kiwl`kij bq}bswv lk 3==9 uiv i

wrsklke }`lkw lk wab fsbiwl`k `h cbwwbs sberjiwl`k vwsiwbelbv iw sbel`kij ikg kiwl`kij jbxbjv+ Wab

kbu BIF es`r} `k cbwwbs sberjiwl`kv f`rjg f`kwlkrb iv ik igxlv`s| c`g| w` wab BIF

lkvwlwrwl`kv w` o`klw`s* }sò`wb* ikg vr}}`sw sberjiw`s| sbh`sov+

Isb wab| abj}hrj h s e``g }bsh`soikfb `h crvlkbvv0


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62


\bv 97 21+66666666

K` 6 93+2

K`w Vrsb 5 3


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68

f`kwslcrwlke wùisgv wab alea }s`grfwl`k f`vwv lk wab sbe l`k vrfa iv alea x` lfb wbjb}a`kb ikg

giwi faisebv+

BICF v}bflhlfijj| abj}v w`>/

l+ Ikij|vb wab sberjiw`s| sbelobv `k wab crvlkbvv vbfw`sv lk wab BIF }iswkbs Vwiwbv

ll+ Bvwicjlva aù wab sberjiw`s| sbelob lo}ifwv wab crvlkbvv vbfw`s lk wbsov `h f`vw w` wab

hlkij f`kvrobs

lll+ Oidb sbfòobkgiwl`kv `k wab sberjiw`s| sbh sov waiw fik cb oigb w` oidb wab crvlkbvv

vbfw`s w` lw ihh`sgicjb ikg fò}bwlwlxb+

Sberjiwl`kv abj} w`>/

l+ Gbxbj`} i o`klw`slke ikg bxijriwl`k hsiobu`sd ikg }jik h`s wab bkwlsb BICF }sèsiov lk

sbhbsbkfb w` lwv 3=99/3=92 vwsiwbelf }jik+

ll+ Gbxbj`} o`klw`slke ikg bxijriwl`k w``jv h`s obivrslke wab vrffbvv `h }s`nbfwv }sèsiov

lk wab va`sw ikg j`ke wbso

lll+ Wsilk BICF vwihh `k wab rvb `h wab gbxbj`}bg w``jv+

lx+ F`kwifw BICF obocbsval} lk wab sbel`k ikg rvb wa`vb w``jv w` ivvbvv BICF 3=93 u`sd

}jik }bsh`soikfbv+

x+ Vaisb cbvw }sifwlfb lk }sèsio o`klw`slke ikg sbvrjwv bxijriwl`k+

Ijv` lw uiv h`rkg waiw wab h`jjùlke isb rkgbswidbk w` bkvrsb bhhlflbkf| ikg

bhhbfwlxbkbvv lk crvlkbvv ifwlxlwlbv iv his iv wab sberjiw`s| lkwbsxbkwl`k ikg

bkh`sfbobkw lv f`kfbsk+

l+ Iswlfrjiwb wab }slkfl}jbv cbalkg wab BICF+

ll+ Sb`seikl~iwl`k `h wab lkvwlwrwl`kij hsiobu`sd+

lll+

Crljg fi}iflwlbv h`s cbwwbs sberjiwl`kv+lx+ Fòorklfiwb ulwa wab }rcjlf+

x+ O`klw`s ikg bkh`sfb BIF srjbv+

Lw lv h`rkg wab vleklke `h wab BIF* Fòo`k Oisdbw ]s`w`f`j !FO], ikg lwv ikkbqbv `k 3=

K`xbocbs 3==< c| wab BIF Abigv `h Vwiwb ubsb oòbkw`rv+ Kù waiw lw aiv cbbk siwlhlbg*

wab FO] uljj vbw wab vwieb h`s vrcvwikwlij bf`kòlf sbvwsrfwrslke ikg oisdbw glhhbsbkwliwl`k lk

wab sbel`k waiw va`rjg* `xbs wab obglro wbso* lkfsbivb bf`kòlf `}}`swrklwlbv ikg lkfòb h`s

wab 93= oljjl`k flwl~bkv `h wab hlxb }iswkbs Vwiwbv `h Wik~ikli* Dbk|i* Reikgi* Suikgi ikg


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65

Crsrkgl+ Lw lv ulgbj| iesbbg waiw wab vrvwilkicljlw| `h BIF lkwbesiwl`k gb}bkgv `k wab

}s`grfwl`k `h f`kfsbwb cbkbhlwv xlvlcjb w` flwl~bkv+

Hlkglkev `k wab lkvlgbsv ua`v ubjj wsilkbg bk`rea w` rvb wab lo}`vbg sberjiwl`kv+


Ubjj wsilkbg 95 5=+16666666

K`w wsilkbg 23=+16666666

K`w ubjj wsilkbg 31+666666666

Wicjb 64 Wsilkbbv lk vio}jb vbjbfwbg

Lk wab vio}jb vbjbfwbg `kj| 95 }iswlfl}ikwv igolwwbg w` cb ubjj wsilkbg lk iff`sgikfb w` wab

}`jlf| ikg sberjiwl`kv lo}`vbg c| BICF* ikg 2 }iswlfl}ikwv isb k`w wsilkbg fò}jbwbj| ikg

`kj| 3 igolwwbg k`w w` cb wsilkbg ubjj+ Lk wicjb 6 vaùv wlob v}bkw h`s wsilklke+

Wicjb 74 Wsilklke }bsl`gv

Wab giwi vaùk lk wab wicjb lv ijv` }sbvbkwbg lk wab hlersb 24

9

Ubbd9O`rkwa

3

O`kwa

6

O`kwa

O`sb

waik 6

o`kwav

97 6 2 3 =


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61

Hlersb 24 Wsilklke }bsl`gv

Lk wab vio}jb vbjbfwbg c| wab sbvbisfabs kj| 9< lkvlgbsv `h wab `seikl~iwl`kv iesbbg isb ub jj

wsilkbg lk iff`sgikfb w` wab }`jlf| ikg sberjiwl`kv lo}`vbg v` iv w` bkvrsb e``g `rw}rw iv lw

uiv lkwbkgbg* a`ubxbs 2 lkvlgbsv iesbbg k`w w` cb ubjj wsilkbg+

Sbv}`kvb Siwb

72 sbv}`kgbkwv ubsb fa`vbk k wab civlv waiw wab| f`rjg }s`xlgb giwi waiw uiv sb jbxikw w` wab

sbvbisfa }s`cjbo+ Wicjb 2 cbj`u }s`xlgbv gbwiljv `h sbv}`kgbkwv hs o wab wisebwbg }`}rjiwl`k

ikg wabls sbv}bfwlxb giwi f`jjbfwl`k lkvwsrobkwv grslke wab giwi f`jjbfwl`k bqbsflvb+


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Documents

Sadick John (Coventry Dissertation)