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UK Contact :S. Gurlal Singh, Jathebandak Secy.
GGSSC, UK
Email ID : [email protected]
Cell : +447958122868
USA Contact :S. Sarabjit Singh, National Co-Ordinator
E-mail : [email protected]
Cell : +16466436872
GGSSC, USA
www.ggssc.net
Ixjy I¨ud|] un|K nS°Uv njEk ]s gsunE a°YjIxjy I¨ud|] un|K nS°Uv njEk ]s gsunE a°Yj
fibd 32-10 nes{po, 2006 nze-367 fibd …„-ƒ‚ nZ;{-eZse ;zws ‡… nze-…ΊÐ
B'N L u?e$vokcN @@;kvk fto;k ;kvk r"ot## d/ Bkwg[o G/i' ih.B'N L u?e$vokcN @@;kvk fto;k ;kvk r"ot## d/ Bkwg[o G/i' ih.
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;kvk fto;k ;kvk r"ot, vkfJo?eNo f;Zfynk ftGkr gzikp tb'A ;e{bK s/ ;wkfief;Zfynk e/AdoK s/ bkfJp/qohnK bJh gZZso BzL 8$23-83 n?L gzL (13-5-83) okjhAgqtkBs j?.;kvk fto;k ;kvk r"ot ftu Sg/ b/yK ftu gqrNkJ/ ftukoK Bkb @;zgkdeh p'ov# r[o{r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb dk ;fjws j'Dk }o{oh BjhA.
� ;qL jowhs f;zx fgqzNo s/ gpbhFo B/ wfbe fgqzNo}, ekbi o'v, b[fXnkDk s'A Sgtk e/r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb bJh wkvb NkT{B n?e;N?BFB, b[fXnkDk s'A1-10-2006 B{z ikoh ehsk. gfjbk d\so L r[L FjhdK wkvb NkT{B, b[fXnkDk.
Incharge Circulation,
Model Town Ext., Ludhiana-141 002
(Punjab, India)
Ph.0161-2450352, 2463606
Fax : 91-161-4610145
E-mail : [email protected]
SADA VIRSA SADA GOURAV
d/F L 1,000 o[gJ/ftd/F L 10,000 o[gJ/
ihtB w?ApofFgihtB w?ApofFg
d/F L 100 o[gJ/ftd/F L 1,000 o[gJ/
;kbkBk uzdk;kbkBk uzdk
;qH r[ofizdo f;zx, fv}kJhB ns/ ;?fNzr;qBL ewbihs e"o, ;e?u fv}kJhB;qBL wBfwzdo e"o, NkJhg ;?fNzr
;qH r[ofizdo f;zx, fv}kJhB ns/ ;?fNzr;qBL ewbihs e"o, ;e?u fv}kJhB;qBL wBfwzdo e"o, NkJhg ;?fNzr
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;qL pofizdogkb f;zxvkL joh f;zx @ikue#
;qL gowihs f;zxvkL dhgfJzdo f;zx;qBH joehos e"o;qBH dftzdo e"o
ekoiekoh ;zgkde;qL oDihs f;zx;qL oDihs f;zx
vkL uoB ewb f;zx, uh\ ;eZsovkL uoB ewb f;zx,w[Zy ;zgkde
;zgkde (gq'veFB s/ ftsoB);qL i;pho f;zx;qL i;pho f;zx
fgqzL joh f;zxfgqzL joh f;zx;jkfJe ;zgkde (nzro/ih)
;qBL ;ftzdoihs e"o;qBL ;ftzdoihs e"o;jkfJe ;zgkde (fjzdh)
g'qL pbftzdogkb f;zxg'qL pbftzdogkb f;zx;zgkde
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gowkswk d/ gqskg ~ g/y g/y e/ ihT{D dh bkb;k GrsK ~ ofjzdh j?. ;z;ko ~;kg/y (fdqFNwkB) eoe/, gq/oDk b?D ftZu e'Jh wzdh rZb BjhA j?. f;nkD/ efjzd/ jB fefJe r[DtkB ftnesh T[j jh pDdk j? i' @fBog/y# ;fEsh ftZu gqc[Zbs j[zdkj?. nekb g[oy dh fJj w[Zy ftF/FskJh j? fe T[j @fBi EKT[A# j?, T[j @fBi gfs# j? s/Bkb-Bkb T[j nkgDh ouBk ~ ns/ d/nB[;ko fBjko ;ztko s/ thuko fojk j?. fJe r[DtkB ftnesh th nkgD/ ;z;ko, fi;ftZu T[j ftuodk j?, Bkb fdqFNwkB sK j[zdk j?, go T[; s'A tZX e/, fBog/y nt;Ek ftZu;P?-;zs[fbs j'D bJh nkswe Fpd nfGnk; eodk j?. T[; ~ Fpd d/ wkfXnw s'A fJj;'Mh j'D bZrdh j? fe fJj ;z;ko ;kg/y eoB i'rk ;dhth BjhA j?. fJj jfo ek o{g j?, fJ;ftZu T[; gqG{ dh i's j?, go fJ; ftZu wkfJnk dk Gow th j? fi; s'A fBogZy ofjD dh ikur[o{ s'A f;ZyDh j?. w{b wzso d/ nzdo w"i{d @fBoGU-fBot?o# dhnK y{phnK BkbfBog/ysk dh tfvnkJh jk;b j' ;edh j?, fJj' jh ;P?wkD j?. fJ; @;P?wkD gZso# d/ fwbDT[gozs fe;/ d/ @gowkD gZso# dh bkb;k Grs ~ BjhA ofjzdh. go T[j ;fji Gkt ftZuofjzdk j?, jT[w? T[; B{z uzpVdh BjhA.
fBnK s/ fBogZysk dk toskok T[; dk ;fji r[D pD iKdk j? feT[Afe T[; B/p/gotkj ofjDk f;Zy fbnk j[zdk j?. T[; B{z fJj geV BjhA ofjzdh fe d{i/ ftnesh T[; d/gZe/ ;ZiD }o{o j'D, ;r'A T[; dk tX/o/ fXnkB nkgD/ nkg B{z ;wofgs eoB tZb j[zdk j?.eZu sK T[; d/ nzdo fNedk BjhA s/ Bk jh T[j eZfunK ;zr fBG ;edk j?. fJj eZuk ;z;konkgD/ nzdo i' ;Zu ;w'Jh p?mk j?, T[; Bkb B/j[ brk e/ ;Zuk j'D ftZu jh ;/te s/ Grs dhfposh i[Vdh j?. ;kg/fye wkgdzvK nB[;ko BjhA ;r'A fBog/y ns/ fBogZy nXkoKnB[;ko, fgnko ;/tk s/ f;woB tkb/ y'ihnK dh ;zrs ftZu }kps/ Bkb ftuodk j?.
;P?-;/teK dh p/w[jski ;zrs, wkBtsk dk Gbk eodh j'Jh ;dk jh ftuodh j?.GkrK tkb/ jB i' nfijh ;zrs dk nzr pDd/ jB. e{V eos{sK s'A e'jK d{o, F[G eowBdh ;'u Bkb ;oFko, fBog/y ozr oZs/ ihT{V/,
dh w"i ftZu ;/tk :[es ofjzd/ jB.
(Absolute)
@t//y? ftr;? efo thuko[# @p?mk t/y? ty[ fJe/bk#
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@t//y? ftr;? efo thuko[# @p?mk t/y? ty[ fJe/bk#
@@g/fy g/fy ;[nkwh eh ;'Gk nkBd[ ;dk T[bk;[..##
inrpyK qy inrp`K jIvninrpyK qy inrp`K jIvninrpyK qy inrp`K jIvninrpyK qy inrp`K jIvnMs`X gx`sjs
nes{po 2006 2
fBZi ;[y bJh sK ;ko/ jh :sBeod/ jB-;op ;[y bJh nodk;eoBh s/ fco fJ; bJh:sBFhb j'Dk f;Zyh ftukoXkokdh ;q/FNsk j?.
;kvk Nhuk nkg/ dh gfjukD j? s/okj nB/e jB. ;kvk okj Xowdk okj j?, i' ftFt d/ ;ko/ okjKs'A ntb, fJwkBdko s/ ;koEej?.
BfFnK d/ e'jV ns/ f;roNK d/X{zJ/A ftZu nkgk G[bkJh p?m/ thoKB{z n;K Mzi'VDK j? fe nkUnkgDh Xosh d/ nwho fto;/ dh;zGkb eohJ/.
;kvh ;'u T[;ko{ ns/ nkFktkdhj? . n;K Ykj{ ns/ fBokFktkdhskesK ~ ;wki #s/ Gko{ BjhAj'D d/Dk.
;kvk ftFtk; j? fe fiT[A-fiT[Aftfdnk dk g;kok j't/rk,;kfJz; dh y'i tX/rh sKr[opkDh dk T[sw doi/ dkfrnkB wB[Zy bJh ukBD w[Bko/dk ezw eodk oj/rk ns/ b[ekJhr[opkDh d/ dZ;/ fJBebkph okj#s/ ub e/
eodh oj/rh.@@b'e ;[yhJ/ gob'e
;[j/b/##@@b'e ;[yhJ/ gob'e
;[j/b/##
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dh g{osh bJh r?o-oki;h rshftXhnKubkJhnK ik ojhnK jB. fJ; dhnK gqkgshnKdk w[bKeD fBogZysk Bkb eohJ/ sK efjDkpDdk j? fe gfjb/ YkJh djkfenK ftZu nkX[fBe;kXBK dh nDj'Ad ftZu wkBth ;kXBK dh xkVse?AgK, toeFkgK, ;?whBkoK s/ ftuko wzvbKd[nkok j'Jh. fco, nkX[fBe ;kXBK dh tos'A B{zgqfefonk ftZu EK fdZsh rJh ns/ wfj;{; ehskfrnk fe BthA seB'b'ih B{z T[g:'r ftZu fbnke/, ftfdnkoEh s/ ;/te tor dh xkVs uzrhsoQK j' ;edh j?. fJ; d/ pV/ uzr/ Bshi/ fBeb;eDr/, i/eo w{b GktBk B{z ekfJw oZfynk ik;e/.
;G s'A tZX u[D"sh ftfdnkoEh s/ :[teK d/y/so T[Zs/ j? feT[Afe gqpzXeh, vkeNoh, seBhehs/ feZsk w{be BthnK ;z;EktK dk pVk g;kokj'fJnk j? s/ T[BQK dh gqfeosh nB[;ko Bt/Aftukoe fsnko eoB/ j'Dr/. GkJh ekBQ f;zxBkGk fJz;NhfuT{N ~ nXko pDk e/ fJ; gk;/:sB j' ;ed/ jB. ;/tk w[es nB[Gth ;ZiDKns/ nkX[fBe ftfdnk gqkgs BthB gqkfXnkgeKdhnK ;/tktK fJ; ftZu bJhnK ik ;edhnK jB.tZy-tZy vkfJo?eN'o/NK dh pZMthA skbw/b BhshB{z fJe sfjF[dk nwbh :'iBk nB[;ko bkr{eoB d/ :sB j' oj/ jB. XB s/ wkBth ;kXBK dhxkN sK ;P?;/th ;z;EktK B{z ;dk jh ofjzdh j? s/fJ; d/ bJh f;XKsK dk gZbk th SZvDk T[fusBjhA.
;NZvh ;oeb B{z nkgD/ fgS'eV dkw[bKeD eofdnK j'fJnK, nkT[D tkb/ ;w/A dh@wkBt ;kXB ;zGkb s/ xkVs Bhsh# B{zBftnkT[Dk j'J/rk. r[opkDh dh nrtkJh ;q/FNj?, ftneshtkd ns/ gdkoEtkd B{z e/tb;kXB wkso pDkT[Dk j't/rk. gzE, ;wki, d/F,wB[Zysk s/ ;w[Zuk pqfjwzv, fJ; ;z;Ek dh fgZmG{whftZu j[bkok d/t/ ns/ ;opZs d/ Gb/ dh GktBk;dk nzr ;zr oj/.
- pbftzdogkb f;zx
n|as]Ev
3
Grs epho ih B/ wkBth ;kXBK dh xkVs d/ tZb T[u/uk fXnkB fdZsk j?.}ksgks d/ T{u-Bhu GktK B/ jT[w? s/ jhDsk dh fyZu'skD c?bkJh j'Jh ;h i' nZi thpVh shposk Bkb ;wki nzdo g;oh j'Jh d/y ;ed/ jK. nwho rohp dk gkVk nZitKr Ud'A th pj[s ;h. epho ;kfjp dh pkDh nzdo fJj ;G' rZbK uzrh soQK ftFb/FsehshnK j'JhnK jB. r[o{ BkBe d/t ih B/ Grs ih dh pkDh B{z fJBQK wkBt-efbnkDekoh ftF/FsktK d/ eoe/ r[o{ gdth gqdkB ehsh. r[o{ BkBe d/t ih dk f;ZyXow B{z T[d? eoe/ ;op ;KMk r[opkDh ftXkB pDkT[D dk T[d/F th fJj' ;h fe wkBtiksh ~ r[DK d/ nXko #s/ fte;s ehsk ik ;e/. Grs iBK B/ fit/A ;zxoF eoe/ fJebfjo ubkJh ;h fe r[DK d/ nXko #s/ pzd/ dh gSkD eo'. wB[ZyK d/ eFN B{z xZN eoBbJh oZph gq/w tkbhnK ;zrsK ekfJw ehshnK ;B. ;dhnK s'A B\os dk fFeko j'J/b'eK B{z ;P?wkD ns/ o{jkBh j[bko/ gqdkB eoe/ ;wki d/ w'joh pDk fdZsk frnk ;h.
r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ftZu r[o{ ;kfjpkB dh pkDh d/ Bkb i' Grs iBK dh pkDh j?, T[;ftZu ny"sh BhthnK iksK d/ Grs sK jB jh, T[Zu iks pqkjwD s/ pkpk cohd ih dhpkDh th j?. Gkt fJj' j? fe jo/e iks ftZu r[Dh iB jB s/ ;r'A }ksgks dk sK ftukoeoBk jh c}{b j?.
wkBth ;kXBK dh xkVs ftZu ;zrmB dh G{fwek sK pVh tZvh j? go ;q/FN rZbsK ftukoXkok dh ftFk-t;s{ ns/ wkBth nwb nfGnk; dh j[zdh j?. ;kv/ d/F ftZufoFhnK w[BhnK d/ nkFowK ftZu pV/ pV/ ;{opho, :'X/, ftdtkB gzvs, i'seh, f;ZXBkE xV/ iKd/ oj/ jB go }ksgks dh rZb B{z pdbD dk j"A;bk ni/ th BjhA ehsk ik;edk. Xkofwe g[ikohnK tZb'A eoweKv dhnK i' bhjK gk fdZshnK rJhnK jB,eo'VK b'e T[;/ ~ fBGkj[Dk Xow s/ o{jkBhns wzBD bZr/ jB. fJj rZb f;Zy Xow d/ftZu th bkr{ j'Jh j'Jh j?. fJ; eoweKv d/ g;ko/ ftZu Xowh b'eK dk wB pVk bZrdkj? go r[opkDh ns/ e[M j'o Xow ftukoK B/ fJBQK Xkofwe o;wK T[Zs/ ;wK, XzB s/fXnkB brkT[D B{z cbjhD dZf;nk j?. fJBQK g;koK d/ Bkb jT[w? dh g{osh sK j[zdh j?go o{jkBh sozr BjhA T[gidh.
wkBth xkVs ftZu, r[opkDh dh w{b GktBk ~ XkoB eoB s'A fpBK j'o e'Jhd{ik wkor BjhA j?. id'A n;hA r[opkDh d{finK ~ rk e/ iK gVQ e/ ;[DKd/ jK sK fJjpVh uzrh rZb j?, go fJ; ftZu ;kvh gj[zu fJzM dh pD iKdh j? fe pJh gfjbK s[;hA;[DB tkb/ pkDh B{z wzB' s/ ihtB ftZu XkoB eo'. okrh, Ykvh, gqukoe, eEktkue s/nkr{ ;ZiD fJ; GktBk #u'A r[}od/ jB. fiZE/ feZs/ s[jkvh nkswk B{z t?okr, gq/w, oZphS'j ns/ fsnkr dh y[Fp' dk nB[Gt j't/, ;Zu ikD', T[E/ pkDh B{z fjod/ ftZu XkoBehsk frnk j?. fJj' fij/ ftob/ ;ZiDK B/ Xow B{z ;zGkb e/ oZfynk j'fJnk j?.
wkBth ;kXBK dh xkVs tZb gZSwh d/FK, nwohek, n;Nq/bhnk, igkB, e'ohnk,uhB nkfde B/ pVhnK gqkgshnK ehshnK jB. Gkos ftZu th fJ; gk;/ rzGho :sBj'J/ jB. ;P?;/th ;z;EktK th wkBth ;kXBK dh xkVs tZb wjZstg{oB G{fwek fBGkojhnK jB. r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb dh th fJj' wBFk j? fe w[Zyh ;kXBK B{zo{jkBh so}K s/ ;wki ;/te pBkT[D bJh ;zrsh tksktoD fsnko j' ;e/. fJ; T[d/F
gq'L pbftzdogkb f;zxgq'L pbftzdogkb f;zx;zgkde
;kvk fto;k ;kvk r"ot
nes{po 2006
khu kbIr qy jn kbhu n hwrihFwil ju jwnih pwsw]
khu kbIr qy jn kbhu n hwrihFwil ju jwnih pwsw]
khu kbIr qy jn kbhu n hwrihFwil ju jwnih pwsw]
khu kbIr qy jn kbhu n hwrihFwil ju jwnih pwsw]
2;szpo 2006 4
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Asks ]xAsksAsks ]xAsks7 ;szpo, 2006 ~ ;t/o/ 11H00 ti/ e/Adoh ;oeko B/ ;G oki ;oekoK ~
@okFNoh rhs# tzd/ wksow d/ gfjb/ d' g?o/Q ;e{bK ftZu rkT[D bJh nkd/F fdZsk.eKro; ;oekoK B/ fJ; ~ d/F Grsh GktBk d/ nzsors rkT[D bJh fejk. GkoshiBsk gkoNh B/ fejk fe T[BQK d/ ;kFD tkb/ okiK ftZu fJ; ~ bk}wh rkT[Dk ehskikJ/rk s/ pkeh okiK ftZu th fJzM eoB B{z fejk. fJ; rhs B{z 1886 ftZu pew uzdu?Noih B/ ;z;feqs #u fbfynk. wks G{wh dh tzdBk ehsh rJh j? fJ; ftZu. d' s'Apknd d/ g?foQnK ftZu fjzd{ Xow d/ d?t g[oyK dh T[;sfs j?, fJ; ~ wo}h #s/ oZfynkfrnk j?. fJ; rhs B/ d/F GrsK ~ n}kdh d/ nzd'bB ;w/A fJe j[bkok fdZsk ;h, fJzMwzfBnk iKdk j?. phHi/HghH d/ }poh j[ew ~ wzBD s'A fJBekoh j[zfdnK w[;bwkB s/ f;Zy;zrmBK B/ fJ; dk fto'X ehsk. f;ZyK dh e/Adoh ;Gk, n?;HihHghH;hH ns/ fdZbh ew/NhB/ th fJ; dh w[ykbcs ehsh.
fdZbh ew/Nh d/ gqXkB ns/ fdZbh nekbh db d/ gqXkB, d'jK B/ fejk fe pkpkyVe f;zx s/ wkL skok f;zx B/ fJe ;w/A fJ; rhs ~ f;ZyK tb'A ngqtkB ehsk ;h, jK!iB-rB-wB okFNoh rkB ;kok d/F jh rkT[Adk j?. T[BQK fejk fe e'Jh th @tzd/wksow# fizBh tko wo}h rkt/, f;ZyK B{z e'Jh jo} BjhA go fJ; ~ rkT[D bJh w}p{oeoBk, f;ZyK d/ Xow d/ fto[ZX j?.
n?;HihHghH ;h B/ pknd ftZu fJ; rhs d/ rkT[D dk fto'X tkg; b? fbnkfi; dh uouk nypkoK ftZu ojh. ;qh nekb s]s ;kfjp tZb'A ipoh rhs rkT[D ~fJe nDT[fus rZb dZf;nk frnk s/ iZE/dko j[oK fJ; pko/ fpnkB th fdZsk.
okFNoh GktBktK dk fJ}jko j'fJnk go ;ko/ gqGkt ~ e[M oki;h gkoNhnKdh rbs gj[zu B/ pj[s xNk e/ oZy fdZsk. fGqFNkuko dh f;]o j't/ sK b'eK B{z oki;hs/ gqFkFeh nkr{nK T[Zs/ t?;/ th ftFtk; BjhA j[zdk.
@tzd/ wksow# rhs pko/@tzd/ wksow# rhs pko/
dhtkbh d/ w"e/ jo ;kb fJj ;[B/jkfdZsk iKdk j? fe gNkfenK s'A pu', fJj gqd{FDc?bKd/ jB. ;oeko fJ; Xzd/ B{z pzd sK BjhA eo;edh feT[Afe ;fGnkukoe iFBK ftZu d]bnzdk}h, o[}rko B{z ;ZN nkfd d'F bZrDr/, gofJ; pko/ ;gZFN, ;]s Bhsh sK pD ;edh j? feBebh gNke/ Bk pDB i' jkdf;nK dk ekoBpDd/ jB.
gNkfenK s'A pu'gNkfenK s'A pu'
;Veh jkdf;nK ftZu j}koK ikBK jo;kb ubhnK iKdhnK jB s/ xo spkj j' iKd/jB. fJj :[Zr n?;k j? fe ekoK, w'No;kJheb,;e{No, N?Ag{, NoZe s/ pZ;K dh frDsh pVh s/}hBkb tZX ojh j? s/ fJBQK dh ;ghv th. d{i/ gk;/;VeK dk YKuk pVh wZXw rsh Bkb fte;sj' fojk j?. Bshik jkd;/ ! NZeoK ! Neokn !G/V ! w"sK, }]w s/ B[e;kB jh B[e;kB. ukbeth nDikB j'D ekoD jkd;/ tZX j[zd/ jB.w'pkJhb c'B ns/ p?bNK pko/ ekB{zB dhnK XZihnKT [ Z v oj hnK jB. focb ?eNo ns /NoZeK$NokbhnK d/ fgSb/ fjZ;/ #u izrb/ BjhAbZr oj/. FkfJd e'Jh cfoFsk nkJ/rk s/ ;kB{zneb f;yk e/ ikJ/rk!
jkdf;nK pko/ u/sBkjkdf;nK pko/ u/sBk
Fq 'wDh r [od [nkokgqpzXe ew/Nh tb'A ;qh dopko;kfjp, nzfwqs;o dh xzNk xotkbh pkjh d/ ;qh nekb s]s d/fgStkV/ tkb/ gk;/, EkJhb?AvfBtk;h ;qL ;sBkw f;zx, ;qLdbpho f;zx s/ gqtko dh ;/tk
;dek, e"wKsoh gZXo d/ pkEo{w F"ukb/ fsnko eotkJ/ ik oj/ jB. fgSb/ fdBhAgqXkB ;qL ntsko f;zx j[oK, ;qL r[owhs f;zx, ;qL ifszdogkb f;zx, ;qL fdbw/xf;zx, ;qL jop/nzs f;zx, ;qL o{g f;zx, ;qL i;ftzdo f;zx iZ;h s/ j'oBK ;ZiDK s/nkoehN?eN-fJzihBhno-fpbvoK dh Nhw sfjs fJ; dk T[dxkNB ehsk. iE/dkoi'frzdo f;zx t/dKsh j[[oK nkFhotkd fdZsk.
Xkofwe ;EkBK #s/ ;j{bsKXkofwe ;EkBK #s/ ;j{bsK
nes{po 2006
5
pwTkWdy p`qrpwTkWdy p`qrpwTkWdy p`qrpwTkWdy p`qr
;fseko:'r ;zgkde ihU,tkfjr[o{ ih ek ykb;k, tkfjr[o{ ih eh
csfj..nkg ih Bkb ;KM gk e/ w?A nfsnzs y[F jK. w?A
nkg ih d/ w?r}hB @;kvk fto;k ;kvk r"ot# s'A pj[sgqGkfts jK. fgSb/ ;szpo 2006 ftZu w?A ;qL gqeoFf;zx pko/ gfVQnk pj[s gqGkfts j'fJnk, T[jBK dhFy;hns s'A. w?A fJj ;'uD bZrk fe w?B{z nZi sZe gskBjhA fe gVQkJh fe; soQK dh j[zdh j?. w?A +2 ftZunkoN; ro[Zg dk ftfdnkoEh jK s/ w?A pj[s fwjBsbJh fsnko jK. w?A u'D eoe/ e'Jh :'r e'o; eoBkukj[zdk jK i' g{oh soQK ;\b j't/. f}nkdkso w/okfXnkB i' okFNoh ns/ ;N/N gZXo #s/ N?;N j[zd/ jB,T[jBK pko/ j?. w?A jo/e F];hns ftZu gVQB s'AgfjbK t/ydk jK fe fJBQK B/ eh gk; ehsk s/ eh pD/.ed/ w?A ;'udk jK n?wHJ/H eoK go f}nkdkso N?;Ngk; eoe/ fwjBs eoe/ T[Zuk nj[Zdk gqkgs eoBk s/wjkB F];hnsK tKr wjkB ezwK ftZu :'rdkBgkT[Dk w/ok ;G s'A tZvk T[d/F j?. p; J/Bk dZ; ;edkjK ns/ i' w?A nkg ih B{z p/Bsh eoBh j? T[j fJj j? few?B{z fe;/ N?;N pko/ gsk BjhA j?. feqgk eoe/ fJjwdd }o{o eo' fe fJj pZuk th nkgD/ NhfunK B{zg{ok eo ;e/. jZE pzB e/ p/Bsh j? fe w?B{z jo/e N?;Npko/ ikDekoh fdZsh ikt/ s/ fezB/ ;w/A ftZu fezB/ ;w/Apknd ns/ fe; gZXo #s/ j[zd/ jB. fit/A feghH;hHn?;H gk; eoB s/ ;qL wbftzdo f;zx iZrhvhHNhHUH bZr/. (fJ; bJh i' :'rsk ukjhdh j? T[jth) ;G s'A gfjbk Nhuk sK fJjh j?.
pkeh pknd ftZu nkoN; ro[Zg bJh fejV/fejV/ e'o; jB fezB/ ;w/A bJh ns/ T[; dh gfoGkFkpko/ ikDekoh fdT[, ]k; eo fJzihBhnfozr ekbiKftZu uZb oj/ e'o;K pko/.
w?A fJj p/Bsh fJ; eoe/ ehsh j? fe w?A th e[Meo ;eK s/ ;wki ;[Xkoe pD ;eK. feqgk eoe/fBnk;o/ dh }o{o ;jkfJsk eo'. nkg ih dk XzBtkdhj'tKrk.
r[ogqhs f;zxikBh;o, ibkbkpkd(fco'}g[o)-152024
r[ogqhs f;zxikBh;o, ibkbkpkd(fco'}g[o)-152024
g/go, fgqzfNzr ns/ j'oyofunK ftZu j'J/ tkX/ ekoB ;kvkfto;k ;kvk r"ot d/ wkf;e ns/ihtB uzfdnK ftZu e[ZM tkXk ehskfrnk j?. BthnK doK j/m fby/nB[;ko j'DrhnK. nk; j? gkmeiB gfjb/ dh soQK g{oB ;fj:'rfdzd/ ofjDr/.
- ;zgkde (gq'veFB s/ ftsoB)- ;zgkde (gq'veFB s/ ftsoB)
;kbkBk uzdk;kbkBk uzdkd/F 100$- o[gJ/ftd/F 1000$- o[gJ/
;kvk fto;k ;kvk r"ot d/ uzd/ ftZu tkXk;kvk fto;k ;kvk r"ot d/ uzd/ ftZu tkXk
d/F 1000$- o[gJ/ftd/F 10000$- o[gJ/
ihtB w?ApofFgihtB w?ApofFg
r[opkDh ftZu pj[s ;kohnK xNBktK iK b'eoktK B{z ;ze/s o{gftZu tos e/ ;ukJh ~ ;wMkT[D dk :sB ehsk frnk j?. go d/yDftZu nkfJnk j? fe pj[s tko n;hA r[opkDh rkfJD eofdnK ;ukJh ~fdqVQkT[D dh EK ;ze/sK B{z jh fdqVQkT[D ftZu o[ZM/ j'J/ jK. T[dkjoB ti'Adhtkbh d/ fdBK ftZu T[go'es gzesh dk rkfJB tZv/ gZXo #s/ ;[BD B{zfwbdk j?. fJ; gzesh okjhA GkJh r[odk; ih 19thA tko dh S/thA gT[VhftZu dhtkbh dh oks B{z ir wrkT[Ad/ dhftnK, oks B{z uwed/ skfonK,pkr d/ c[ZbK, shoEK d/ w/fbnK dhnK o"DeK ns/ fJ; d/ B}kfonK B{znbg ekb dh y[Fh dZ;d/ ;wMkT[Ad/ jB fe r[of;Zy fJBQK ftZu yfusBjhA j[zdk ns/ Fpd ftZu i[V e/ ;EkJh nkBzd dh gqkgsh eo b?Adk j?.
go id'A n;hA
~ ;EkJh oZy e/ fJ; #s/ }'o d/ e/ rkfJB eod/ jK sK G[b/yk g?Adk j? feGkJh ;kfjp dhtkbh dh oks d/ dhftnK dk e'Jh wjksw ;wMk oj/ j'D.ukjhdk sK j? fe
~ ;EkJh gzesh oZy e/ gT[Vh dk rkfJD ehsk ikt/ feT[Afe gT[Vh dke/Adoh Gkt fJ; gzesh ftZu j?. fJ; gT[Vh d/ rkfJD dk dhtkbh d/ fdBKBkb e'Jh ;pzX BjhA ns/ fJ; dk rkfJD edh th j' ;edk j?.
r[ow[fy ;[y cb dkfs ;pfd ;wQkbhnfB..
dhtkbh dh okfs dht/ pkbhnfB..
r[ow[fy ;[y cb dkfs ;pfd ;wQkbhnfB..
r[ow[fy ;[y cb dkfs ;pfd ;wQkbhnfB..
dhtkbh dh okfs dht/ pkbhnfB..
r[ow[fy ;[y cb dkfs ;pfd ;wQkbhnfB..
dIvwlI dI rwiqdIvy bwlIAin
nes{po 2006
6
;qL fJepkb f;zx;qL fJepkb f;zx;fj:'rh g'qL (G{wh)ghHJ/H:{H, b[fXnkDk
vkL tfozdogkb f;zxvkL tfozdogkb f;zx
;dhnK s'A Xow d/ ny"sh nbzpodkoK ns/ ftd/Fh jwbktoK dh b[ZN y;[ZN dkfFeko j'Jh b'ekJh B{z nBhAdo/ ftZu'A eZY eqKshekoh bfjo d/ o{g ftZu bkwpzd eoB dkekoi irs d/ ofjpo r[o{ BkBe ih B/ ehsk. opkp dh X[zB s/ id'A nekbh c[owkBK dkgqekF j'fJnk sK frnkB dh jB/oh B/ ;Ekfgs j' u[ZehnK wBwsh, nzX-ftFtk;h,eoweKvh ns/ nfrnkBh oj[ohsK B{z iVQ'A T[ykV ;[ZfNnk. r[o{ i's B/ d; ikfwnK ftZu;opZs d/ Gb/ dh bfjo B{z pky{ph iE/pzd ehsk ns/ ykb;/ B{z yzv/-pkN/ dh gkj[b pyfFFeoe/ nekb g[oy dh c"i ti'A fsnko-po-fsnko eo fdZsk. d;w fgsk d/ i'sh i's;wkT[D T[gozs ;w/A d/ j[ewokBK B/ fJ; bfjo B{z e[ubD dh e'Jh e;o Bk SZvh, goykb;kJh ikj' ibkb B/ gzi dfonktK d/ x/o/ B{z csfj eoe/ FeshFkbh f;zxk;D ekfJweo fdZsk.
;w/A B/ eotN ykXh, eohp nZXh ;dh T[gozs f;Zy oki dk ;{oi fSgD bZrk.nzro/} dhnK e{NBhse ukbK 1849 JhL ftZu FeshFkbh oki ~ dZpD ftZu ekw:kp j'rJhnK. ;zB 1849 JhL s'A 1873 JhL sZe nzro/} B/ f;Zy f;XKsK Bkb oZi e/ fybtkVehsk. fizBQK e[ohshnK ~ r[o{ ;kfjpK B/ Xow n;EkBK ftZu'A eZfYnk ;h, T[j f;Zy Xkofwe;z;EktK s/ r[od[nkfonK #s/ th jkth j' rJhnK. ;qh dopko ;kfjp, nzfwqs;o fty/ thj[ewokB w{oshnK ;Ekfgs eoe/ NZb yVekT[D ftZu ekw:kp j' frnk. nkfyo f;Zyi}pksK B/ T[pkb ykXk, BkwXkoh, fBozekoh ns/ g'm'jkoh bfjoK dk T[Gko j'fJnk, gofJj bfjoK nkg' ftZu NeokT[AdhnK fe;/ ezY/ Bk gj[zu ;ehnK. 30 i[bkJh, 1873 ~mke[o f;zx ;zXktkbhnk d/ T[dwK ;dek nk; dh fJe j'o feoB @@f;zx ;Gk bfjo## d/ o{gftZu nzfwqs;o dh Xosh #s/ gqekFwkB j'Jh. fJ; bfjo ftZu gq'L r[ow[Zy f;zx, frnkBhfdZs f;zx ns/ frnkBh itkjo f;zx dk nkrwB y/V/ b? nkfJnk. ftT[AspZX sohe/ Bkbe"w iE/pzd j'D bZrh. uhc ykb;k dhtkB nXhB f;Zy ftfdne ;z;EktK j'Ad ftZunkJhnK. ikro{e j'J/ f;Zy r[od[nkok ;[Xko bfjo d/ o{g ftZu bkwpzd j' rJ/ ns/ nkfyor[od[nko/ n}kd eotkT[D T[gozs Fq'wDh r[od[nkok gqpzXe ew/Nh dh ;EkgBk fJ;bfjo dh tZvh gqkgsh j' fBpVh.
r[od[nkfonK dh n}kdh B/ fit/A nzro/} je{ws dk f;zxk;D fjbk fdZsk.f;oc f;ZyK d/ BjhA, ;r'A ;w[Zu/ d/F tk;hnK d/ j"A;b/ p[bzd j' rJ/. wjkswk rKXh B/ pkpkyVe f;zx ih B{z ]s okjhA tXkJh fdzfdnK r[od[nkfonK dh n}kdh B{z d/F dh n}kdh dhgfjbh bVkJh dh tZvh fiZs fbfynk. fBo;zd/j f;zx ;Gk bfjo ns/ r[od[nkok ;[Xkobfjo B/ Gkos dh n}kdh dh BhAj oZy fdZsh. ikro{e j'J/ f;Zy pZpo nekbh bfjo d/ o{gftZu iE/pzd j' rJ/. T[BQK d/F tk;hnK d/ y{B B{z jb{fDnk ns/ Gkos d/ rb'A r[bkwh dhnKizihoK T[skoB bJh 80 ch;dh s'A tZX e[opkBhnK d/ e/ 15 nr;s, 1947 B{z n}kdGkos dk ;[gBk ;keko eo fdZsk.
fJfsjk; B/ fco gzB/ gos/. f;Zy ;z;EktK nt/;bhnK j'D bZrhnK. nk}kdGkos ftZu f;Zy fco s'A wBwsh ns/ nXowh oj[ohsK d/ r[bkw j' rJ/. f;ZyK dh Fq'wDh;z;Ek dk f;nk;heoB j'D Bkb r[owfs ftukoXkok dh gqc[Zbsk B{z Gkoh ;ZN bZrh. fi;szpke{ d/ y/s tZb dh bzxD s'A d;w/F fgsk d/ x'V/ B/ th BKj eo fdZsh ;h nZi T[jh szpke{
d/ g?eN d/F ftZu jo fgzv$w[jZb/ d/ jo xo d/ftjV/ ns/ rbhnK ftZu fyzv/ gzE dodhnK B{zjb{D oj/ jB. e'Jh ftofbnK ~ SZv xo-xoB"itkB gfss ns/ BFJh j' u[Ze/ jB. f;Zy ;z;EktKdk pj[sk fXnkB tZv/ tZv/ ;wkrwK #s/ g?;k youDs/ tkj tkj eoB eotkT[D sZe ;hws ofj fojkj?. fgSb/ tfoQnK ftZu Fskpdh ;wko'jK s/ j'J/;wkrwK d/ ikj' ibkb f;Zy ftukoXkok dhgqc[Zbsk ftZu pj[s/ ;jkJh BjhA j' ;e/. i/ fe;/fJbke/ ftZu ;/tk ekoiK dk n;o iK gqkgshnK dkwkgdzv oZyDk j't/ sK T[; fJbke/ d/ tk;hnK ftZu@@r[owfs f;XKsK dh ;gZFNsk## ns/ @@fBsftjko d/ ekoiK ftZu r[owfs dh Mbe## jh j';edk j?. fgSb/ djkfenK ftZu ;wkrwK #s/ eo'VKo[gJ/ you e/ th n;hA fJ; gqkgsh bJh n;\b oj/jK.
g[oksB f;ZyK dhnK ihtB rkEktK dh;kyh God/ fJfsjk; d/ gzB/ p'bd/ jB fe f;ZyK d/feodko fJsB/ nkeoFe s/ nkdoFe j[zd/ fe
kO mI jQybMdk auswrIsmyN dI Aihm loVkO mI jQybMdk auswrIsmyN dI Aihm loV
nes{po 2006
7
;qL fJepkb f;zx;qL fJepkb f;zxfijBK okjK s'A r[io iKd/ T[BQK okjK dh fwZNh th g{iD:'r j' iKdh. d[FwDK dhnK pj{-p/NhnK th T[jBK okjK dh fwZNh w;se B{z bkT[Dk XzB Gkr ;wMdhnK. go nZi tZv/ tZv/;wkrwK #s/ eo'VK o[gJ/ you ehs/ ikD d/ pkti{d th feT[A BjhA bZGd/ fJj f;Zy< eh xkNj?< fet/A d{o j't/< e[M nfij/ ;tkb jB fijV/ jo gzE dodh dh dfjbhi #s/ yV's/ itkpgJ/ wzrd/ jB. ;kvh GktBk Fskpdh ;wko'jK d/ ;pzX ftZu ehs/ ik oj/ tZv/-tZv/ ;wkrwKB{z w[ezwb s"o #s/ BkekoB dh BjhA. pbfe b'V j? fJjBK ;wkrwK dh frDsh B{z b'VnB[;ko fBoXkos eoe/ fJBQK ftZu'A fwb/ tesh T[sFkj B{z iE/pzde ftXh-ftT[As ftZugo'D dh.
fJ; b/y ftZu n;hA w"i{dk u[D"shnK dk BeFk fyufdnK 9-B[eksh ;/tk ekoiKtZb f;Zy ;z;EktK dk fXnkB e/Adfos eoB dk :sB eo oj/ jK L
f;Zy pj[-frDsh rqzEh f;zxK B{z wkfJnk d/ e/ gkm eotkT[D ftZu tX/o/ o[fus j'u[Zeh j?. nzfwqsXkoh f;ZyK ftZu th fBsB/whnK dh frDsh xZN ojh j?. Xkfowe n;EkBK#s/ 5000$- o[gJ/ d/ gkm, 10000$- o[gJ/ dk gkm, vhbe; gkm nkfde fJzM fted/ jBfit/A fe;/ wzvh ftZu ;kXkoB t;sK. j[ewBkw/ vke okjhA xo G/i fdZs/ iKd/ jB. fJj e'Jhwkw{bh rZb BjhA. ;w{j froktNK dk w{b ekoB jh f;ZyK dk r[opkDh Bkb'A N[ZNDk j?. idf;ZyK B/ r[opkDh gVQBh jh SZv fdZsh s/ fJj f;oc g[ikoh Fq/Dh dk Xzdk pD e/ ofj frnksK f;ZyK d/ ihtB ftu'A r[owfs dh y[Fp' dh nk; oZyDk feXo dh f;nkDg j?<
f;Zy ;z;EktK B{z r[opkDh nkg gVQD, ;wMD s/ ewkT[D dh bfjo B{z T[sFkfjseoBk ukjhdk j?. f;oc uVQktk fJeZso eoB bJh ubkJ/ ik oj/ pkDh d/ tgkoheoB dhgqfeqnk T[go gkpzdh bZrDh ukjhdh j?. ;w{j gzE dodh ;z;EktK ns/ r[od[nkok gqpzXeew/NhnK B{z ukjhdk j? fe jo r[od[nkok ;kfjp fty/ r[opkDh dh ;zE:k dk gqpzX eoB ns/jo f;Zy B{z fBsB/w dhnK pkDhnK d/ Bkb-Bkb o'}kBk r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih d/ xZN'-xZN fJeFpd B{z nkg gVQD s/ ;wMD bJh T[sFkfjs eoB.
;e{bK-ekbiK d/ ftfdnkoEhnK dk nkgD/ nwho fto;/ B{z SZv e/ tZv/ gZXo #s/gfss j'Dk ns/ BfFnK d/ jVQ ftZu o[VBk nkT[Ad/ ;w/A ftZu e"w dh B;be[Fh eo d/t/rk.eJh soQK d/ nkX[fBe BfFnK d/ Bkb-Bkb ;e{bK$ekbiK, w[jZb/$fgzvK ns/ jo w'V #s/ozr fpozr/ g?eNK ftZu fted/ szpke{ d/ wko{ gqGktK dk ;zskg f;ZyK B{z jh BjhA ;w[Zu/ d/F B{zG[rsDk gt/rk.
szpke{ dh y[ZbQh fteoh ns/ iBse EktK #s/ tos'A ;pzXh wkD:'r ;[gohw e'oNgfjbK jh o'e brk u[Zeh j?. gqzs{ fJ; ftXkB B{z nwb ftZu nkT[D bJh ni/ :sB ehs/ikD/ }o{oh jB. ;w{zj ;wki ;/th ns/ Xkofwe ;z;EktK B{z ozr$B;b$Xow d/ G/d-Gkt s'AT[Zgo T[Zm e/ iE/pzd j'Dk ukjhdk j?. ;KM/ w[jkM tZb'A oki ns/ e/Ado ;oekoK B{z nkgDhf}zw/tkoh gqsh ;[u/s eoe/ szpke{ dh fteoh #s/ w[ezwb o'e brkT[Dh ukjhdh j?.gfssg[D/ ns/ BfFnK s'A pukT[D bJh B"itkBK B{z r[od[nkfonK$;e{bK$ekbiK d/ y[ZbQ/w?dkBK ftZu y/vD ns/ e;os eoB bJh o'}kBk fJeZso eoBk ns/ r[owfs nB[;kohwkj"b f;oi e/ T[BQK B{z nwho fto;/ s'A ikD{ eotkT[Dk n;odkfJe jZb j't/rk.
d/F ftd/F ftZu iksK iK fco f;nk;h fjZsK dh ykso tZy-tZy r[od[nkfonK dhT[;koh tZv/ gZXo #s/ j' ojh j?. e"w dk tvw[Zbk ;owkfJnk fJBQK ekoiK ftZu e/Adfos j'u[Zfenk j?. idfe pj[s r[od[nkok ;kfjpkB ftZu ig[ih dk F[X gkm eoB tkbk ;/tkdko
1H f;ZyK dk r[opkDh Bkb'A N[ZNDk L
2H f;Zy B"itkBK dk BfFnK ns/ gfssg[D/ ftZu rbskB j'Dk L
3H r[od[nkfonK dh p/b'Vh T[;koh L
jZb L
jZb L
1H f;ZyK dk r[opkDh Bkb'A N[ZNDk L
2H f;Zy B"itkBK dk BfFnK ns/ gfssg[D/ ftZu rbskB j'Dk L
3H r[od[nkfonK dh p/b'Vh T[;koh L
jZb L
jZb L
th BjhA fwbdk, rqzEh f;zx iK gqpzX dh f}zw/tkoh thf;nk;h iK r[owfs s'A nBikD b'eK e'b j[zdh j?.fi; ekoB r[owfs d/ gquko e/Ado wBwsh ;'u d/gquko e/Ado pD oj/ jB.
;z;ko d/ ;w{j r[od[nkfonK B{z ;qh nekbs]s nXhB ofi;No eotkT[Dk }o{oh j'Dkukjhdk j?. ;qh nekb s]s ;kfjp tb'Ar[od[nkfonK dh fsnkoh bJh w[ZYbhnK b'VKBh:s ehshnK ikDhnK ukjhdhnK jB. fizBK ftZuGkJh r[odk; g[;sekb/, ehosB f;ybkJh dkgqpzX, r[opkDh ;zE:k dk :'r gqpzX, fv;g?A;oh,gzikph ;e{b, B"itkBK bJh y/v-nykVk nkfdbk}wh eo d/Dk ukjhdk j?. r[od[nkfonK ftZucK;bk th fBoXkfos eoBk }o{oh j?. fJfsjk;er[od[nkfonK B{z SZv e/ xZN'-xZN 5 feb'whNo d/x/o/ ftZu iK fco nkpkdh d/ w[skpe r[od[nkok;kfjp dh T[;koh dh nkfrnk d/Dh ukjhdh j?.r[od[nkfonK dh BthB T[;koh bJh eko ;/tk tkb/wjKg[oyK dk :'rdkB G[bkfJnk BjhA ik ;edk.gqzs{, fJBQK wjKg[oyK B{z gq/oDk eoe/ g[oksBfJfsjk;e fJwkosK B{z BFN Bk eoB ns/ T[sFkjd/ ;'fwnK ti'A ;zGkbD bJh ikro{e eoBk ukjhdkj?.
fgzvK, BroK, e;fpnK ftZu pj[s ;ko/b'e d/jXkoh r[o{ vzw dk gqGkt ep{b u[Ze/ jB.fJBQK d/jXkoh r[o{ vzwK d/ gqpzXe nzfwqs ;zuko d/;wkrw th eod/ jB, go ;zrsK B{z r[opkDh Bkbi'VB dh pikJ/ F];h g{ik tZb tX/o/ o[fus jB.
Xow gquko ew/Nh B{z ;w{j f;Zy;z;EktK d/ ;fj:'r Bkb uzr/ p[bkfonK, YkvhnK,ethFoK, eEktkueK dh gj[zu fgzv-fgzv sZeeotkT[Dh ukjhdh j?. Xow gquko d/ ekoi B{z ftXhftT[As Bkb bkwpzd eoe/ jh ;zrsK B{z r[o{ vzwK s'ApukfJnk ik ;edk j?.
f;ZyK e'b ftfdne ;z;EktK dh xkNBjhA, go e[M ftofbnK ~ SZv e/ fJBQK ;w{zj;z;EktK ftZu r[owfs f;XKsK gqsh ikro{eskg?dk eoB dk T[d/F sK fit/A X{c d/ e/ ;KG fdZskfrnk j?. ftfdnk d/ fwnko gZy'A th fBxko nkfojk j?.
e"wh gZXo #s/ ;w{zj f;Zy ftfdne
jZb L
jZb L
jZb L
4H d/jXkoh r[o{ vzw L
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nes{po 2006
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;qL fJepkb f;zx;qL fJepkb f;zx;z;EktK dh ftfdne e"A;b dk rmB j'Dk ukjhdk j?. fJ; e"A;b B{z ftfdnk d/ fwnko B{z;KGD d/ Bkb Bkb r[owfs f;XKsK dh ikro{esk ;zpzXh T[u/u/ s"o #s/ ekoiFhb j'Dkukjhdk j?. jo ;z;Ek d/ nZtb doi/ d/ u"Dt/A ftfdnkoEhnK bJh ftF/F f;ybkJh d/ gqpzXeoe/ T[jBK B{z nkJhHJ/Hn?;H$ ghH;hHn?;H nkfde w[ekpfbnK bJh fsnko eoBk ukjhdkj?. ftfdnkoEhnK dh o[uh nB[;ko T[Zu gkJ/ d/ ftfrnkBh, vkeNo nkfde pBD bJh thf;ybkJh d/ ftF/F gqpzX j'D/ ukjhd/ jB.
f;ZyK B/ Fskpdh ;wko'jK #s/ eo'VK o[gJ/ you e/ nkgD/ wBK B{z r[og[opwBkT[D dh s;Zbh d/ bJh j? ns/ nrbhnK FskpdhnK #s/ j'o youD bJh th fsnkojB. go nypkoK, o;kfbnK, feskpK, e?;NK, NhHthH, o/vhU u?BbK nkfd okjhA f;Zyf;XKsK ;pzXh ehs/ ik oj/ r[wokje[zB gquko ;zpzXh n;hA nt/;b/ jK.
f;Zy ftdtkBK ns/ gzE dodh B"itkBK dk fJZe ;zrmB fsnko eoBk}o{oh j? i' gq;ko d/ ;w[Zu/ wkfXnwK T[go fsZyh B}o oZy/. fJsok}:'r ;wZroh dhgfjukD T[gozs wkwbk Xow gquko ew/Nh B{z ikt/, i' ;w[Zu/ gzE dk ;fj:'r b? e/ FokoshnB;oK B{z o'eD bJh ekB{zBh s"o #s/ :sBFhb oj/.
nkw s"o #s/ fJfsjk;ekoK iK ;z;EktK tb'A nkgD/ gZXo #s/ ouBktK gqekfFsehshnK iKdhnK jB. frnkB dh xkN iK r[owfs f;XKsK dh n;gFNsk ekoB eJh tkoF[G GktBktK Bkb gqekfFs ehsk ;kfjs th d[fpXk ns/ nfrnkB B{z gqc[Zfbs eo fdzdk j?ns/ eJh tko fJj ezw ikD-p[M e/ th ehsk iKdk j?.
e"wh gZXo #s/ ;kfjs dh gqekFBk bJh ftdtkB ;ZiDK d/ w}p{s ;zrmBdh b'V j?. SgD tkbhnK ;w{zj gqekFBktK ns/ gq;kfos ehs/ ikD tkb/ tZy-tZy gq;kowkfXnwK dh x'y gVskb T[gozs jh ;zrsK bJh gqekFs iK gq;kos eoB dh nkfrnkd/Dh ukjhdh j?. fJj ;zrmB ekoiFhbsk ftZu fBg[zB s/ c[oshbk j'Dk ukjhdk j?, sK i'uzrhnK gqekFBktK d/ SgD ftZu d/oh j'D dhnK ;zGktBktK th Bk ofjD. tZy-tZyftfFnK #s/ gqekfFs j' u[Ze/ ;w[Zu/ ;kfjs dh ftT[AspZX ikDekoh th e"w e'b BjhA j?. fJ;;pzXh e"wh gZXo #s/ ;w{zj Xkofwe g[;seK$e?;NK nkfd dk ftFk ;{uh
ns/ fbykoh ;{uh pDkJ/ ikD dh nfjw b'V j?. Sgu[ZehnK iK gqekFs j' u[ZehnK gqekFBktK dk w[bKeD th j'Dk ukjhdk j?.
ftF/F j[Bo oZyD tkb/ B"itkBK ;pzXh e"w fpbe[Zb ;[u/s BjhA j?. ;kv/ ekbiKftZu fbyD, p'bD iK nkr{ dk j[Bo oZyD tkb/ pj[s B"itkBK B{z Bk;fse iK j'o nBwsh;z;EktK nkgDh ftukoXkok ftZu spdhb eoe/ nkgDh ;'u d/ gq;ko bJh tos ojhnKjB. nzsookFNoh gZXo d/ fyvkohnK, ftfrnkBhnK, vkeNoK, gqpzXeK, fuzseK, y/shwkfjoK ns/ ftdtkBK dh ;zGkb bJh th e"w e'b e'Jh ftF/F ftXh ftT[As BjhA j?.
tZy-tZy y/soK d/ wkfjoK dh ;/tk ;zGkb ns/ bkwpzdh bJh e"wh gZXo #s/ wB[Zyht;hb/ ftek; ftGkr dk ;zrmB j'Dk ukjhdk j?. okFNoh$nzsookFNoh gZXo #s/ ftuoBtkb/ BhshtkBK$wkfjoK dk ;wki T[;koh ftZu tZvk :'rdkB j[zdk j?. fJeZb/ fJeZb/ s"o #s/th fJBQK ftneshnK ftZu ;z;Ek fizBh ;woZEk j[zdh j?. fJBQK wkfjoK dh fBFkBd/jh T[gozsT[jBK dh ;[ftXk nB[;ko S'NhnK S'NhnK fJeZsosktK okjhA f;Zy f;XKsK gqsh ikro{eeoBk ukjhdk j?. fJj fJeZsosktK s/ fwbDhnK dk f;bf;bk fBozso ikoh ofjDkukjhdk j? sK i' fJBQK Fy;hnsK B{z nkgD/ ekoi y/so ftZu brB Bkb ezw eofdnKr[owfs ftukoXkok B{z ewkT[D ns/ gq;kfos eoB bJh T[sFkfjs oZfynk ik ;e/.
6H gq;ko wkfXnwK tZb'A f;Zy f;XKsK Bkb fybtkV L
7H r[owfs ns/ fJfsjk; ;pzXh gqekfFs j' ojhnK ouBktK dk nkg j[dokgB L
8H wjZstg{oB t;hfbnK dh ;zGkb ;pzXh nt/;bkgD L
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(Subject
catalogue) (Author catalogue)
6H gq;ko wkfXnwK tZb'A f;Zy f;XKsK Bkb fybtkV L
7H r[owfs ns/ fJfsjk; ;pzXh gqekfFs j' ojhnK ouBktK dk nkg j[dokgB L
8H wjZstg{oB t;hfbnK dh ;zGkb ;pzXh nt/;bkgD L
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9H iE/pzde nB[FkFB dh xkN LT[go'es ftukohnK rJhnK ;w{zj
;wZf;nktK dk :'r jZb iE/pzde skes jh eo;edh j?. jo ;z;Ek fJeZb/ fJeZb/ s"o #s/ nkgDhwo}h Bkb gquko ekoiK bJh :sBFhb j?. Bk sKe'Jh e"wh fdFk fBod/F jB s/ Bk jh e'Jh fe;/ dhnXhBrh ;theko eoB bJh fsnko j?. e"w e'bnkw ;kXkoB ftnesh sZe gj[zu bJh e'JhiE/pzde YKuk BjhA s/ Bk jh fJ; ;pzXh e'Jh m';T[gokb/ j' oj/ jB.
d/FK ftd/FK ftZu t;d/ f;ZyK B{ziE/pzd eoB bJh tZX s'A tZX 10-10 fgzvK$BroKd/ ;w{j ftZu tzv e/ iE/pzd eoBk ukjhdk j?. fJBQKfgzvK$BroK ftZu ssgo s/ r[owfs f;XKsK d/ikD{z f;ZyK dh fBFkBd/jh eoe/ T[BQK ~ xZN'-xZN10-10 gfotkoK nzdo r[owfs f;XKsK dhgqc[Zbsk dh f}zw/tkoh d/Dh ukjhdh j?. fJBQK;/tkdkoK dhnK wkf;e fJeZsosktK eoe/ T[jBKgk;'A T[jBK ~ ;"Ag/ rJ/ 10-10 gfotkoK ftZu ehs/;/tk ekoiK dh w[ezwb fog'oN b?Dh ukjhdh j?.T[BQK dh f;ybkJh bJh r[owfs f;ybkJhe?AgK$fenkohnK nkfd nk:'fis j'D/ ukjhd/ jB.nkJhnK ;wZf;nktK d/ jZb ;[MkT[D d/ Bkb-BkbnrkT{A ekoi ftT[As th dZ;Dh ukjhdh j?. ftXhftT[As Bkb iE/pzde YKu/ nXhB jo f;Zy gfotkosZe gj[zu eoe/ fBFkBk oZyDk ukjhdk j? fe jof;Zy gfotko dk jo w?Apo fBsB/wh j't/, r[o{ rqzE;kfjp ih dk o'}kBk gkm eodk j't/, r[owfsf;XKsK gqsh ;gZFN j't/ ns/ T[; d/ ihtB ftjkoftu'A r[owfs dh y[Fp' nkt/. i/ n;hA fJj w}p{sYKuk pDk e/ jo f;Zy gfotko sZe gj[zuD ftZuekw:kp j' ikJhJ/ sK T[go'es u[D"shnK sK ehFeshFkbh skesK B{z th r[o{ gzE nZr/ M[eDkgt/rk. u/s/ oj/ fe fJj e"wh iE/pzde skesK jh ;hfe wjkokik oDihs f;zx B{z (r[owfs dh T[bzxDkeoB d/ d'F ftZu) nekbh pkpk c{bk f;zx tb'Aehsh skVBk gqsh T[; d/ bkgqtkjh fdykJ/ ikD s/id'A gzE ykb;/ B/ nekbh ih d/ fJe jh fJFko/ s/wjkoki/ B{z fgZm d/ fdZsh sK T[; B{z ykb;/ dheufjoh ftZu g/F j' e/ sBykj btkT[D bJhw}p{o j'Dk fgnk ;h. nkT[Ad/ Fskpdh ;wko'jK B{z;wofgs j[zd/ j'J/ i/ n;hA @nekb g[oy eh c"i# ti'Abkwpzd j' ikJhJ/ sK @oki eo/rk ykb;k# dkwjKtke ;fji/ jh cbh G{s j' ikt/rk.
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nes{po 2006
9
vkfJo?eNo, :[te ;/tktKs/ gqpzXeh eBthBo
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;sBkw f;zx @;bQ'g[oh#;sBkw f;zx @;bQ'g[oh#
opkDh tZb'A do;kJh r[owfs i[rs ~ nXko pDk e/ r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx;NZvh ;oeb B/ nkgD/ nkg ~ ftFt gZXo #s/ ;wkfie-Xkofwe-ftfdne s/;fGnkukoe ;zrmB ti'A ;Ekgs eoB tb :'r edw ehsk j?. tZy-tZy ;{fpnK ftZu}'B s/ :{fBN pDk e/ ns/ ftd/FK ftZu th ;opZs d/ Gb/ dk ;[B/jk gj[zukD d/ :sBKBkb r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb B/ nkgD/ ftZs ns/ t;hfbnK d/ w[ekpb/ tX/o/;\bsk gqkgs ehsh j?. iZE/pzdh nkgDk 34tK ;kbkBk ;wkrw wBkT[D ik ojh j?. 33;kbK dk f}eo eofdnK vkL joh f;zx ikue j'oK fbfynk j?L
33 ;kbK #u r[o{ dh fwjo ;dek wZbK wkohnK jo w?dkB nzdo.fJzNoB?ZN ns/ t?p;kJhN T[s/ uouk j' ojh ;ko/ ijkB nzdo.:{B?;e' s'A wkBsk fwbh id s'A, j'fJnk f;o T[Zuk, f;Zyh FkB nzdo.jkJh e'oN dk c?;bk id'A nkfJnk, d'yh j' T[m/ go/FkB nzdo.fgSb/ fszB ;kbK s'A fgqzL okw f;zx ih ns/ vkL uoB ewb f;zx ih j'oK dh
i'Vh eqwtko uh\ nkor/BkJh}o s/ uh\ ;eZso ti'A nrtkJh d/D bJh nZr/ nkJh.fJ; Nhw B/ #s/ nwb eofdnK ;z;ko gZXo #s/;'uDk F[o{ ehsk. wbNhwhvhnk seBkb'ih d/ }wkB/ ftZu iZE/pzde e?vo ~ nkX[fBeseBheK Bkb b?; eoBk F[o{ ehsk. vkL uoB ewb f;zx ih ne;o fejk eod/ jB feftuko gquko ns/ gq;ko bJh nfijhnK gqekFBktK tX/o/ wjZstg{oB jB fijBK dknkw b'eK #s/ tX/o/ S/sh n;o g?Adk j?. fJ; gqEkJ/ gqGktFkbh thvhU ;hvh} ns/BkNeK bJh yoV/ fsnko ehs/ ikD/ ukjhd/ jB. fgzvK$FfjoK$;e{bK$ekbiK ftZuGog{o ;bkJhv F'n gqdofFs j'D/ ukjhd/ jB. r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb d/ e/Adohdcso e'b fJZe Utoj?v gq'i?eNo j'fJnk eodk ;h. fco ;bkJhv gq'i?eNo nkfJnk.
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Act Locally and think Globally
vkL uoB ewb f;zx ih j'oK e/Adoh d\so bJhn?bH ;hH vhH gq'i?eNo yohfdnk s/ fJ; dh dZp e/tos'A ehsh rJh. fJ; gq'i?eNo Bkb 300 s'A tZX;bkJhv F'n @@e/; s/ d;sko## pko/ ehs/ rJ/.ekoiFkbktK, ;wkrwK, ;?whBkoK nkfd ;w/A T[;dh tos'A ehsh rJh. nZi tkfjr[o{ dh feqgk;dek r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb d/ e?voe'b 5 n?bH ;hH vhH gq'i?eNo, 13 ;bkJhvgq'i?eNo ns/ fszB Uto j?Zv gq'i?eNo ns/ 6b?gNkg jB. tZy-tZy }'BK ftZu r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx;NZvh ;oeb dhnK nkgDhnK BkNe wzvbhnKfsnko j'JhnK jB, thH vhH U fcbwK fsnkoj'JhnK jB. tZy-tZy fcbwK dh g/Fekoh ehshrJh j?.
ni'e/ :[Zr ftZu jo ekoi ftZufBg[zBsk jk;b eoB bJh ;{uBk seBkb'ih dk;[uZik fJ;s/wkb eoBk }o{oh j?. ;/tk ekoiK d/y/so ftZu ezfgT{NoheoB ns/ fJzNoB?ZNseBkb'ih ns/ t?p;kJhN dh ;[Zuih tos'A Bkb;w[Zuh iZE/pzde ekoi ftT[As ~ jkJhN?e ;kXBw[jZJhnk ehs/ ik oj/ jB. uh\ nkor/BkJh}o s/uh\ ;eZso ih dh ;[uZih nrtkJh ;dekiZE/pzde d\soK dk ezfgT{NoheoB ehsk ikfojk j?. r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb dht?p;kJhN dh g[Bo ;EkgBkeoe/ fJ; ~ nZg-N{-v/N ehsk frnk j?. e/Adohdcso s'A b? e/ ;N/N ns/ }'Bb dcsoK dkezfgT{NoheoB eoB bJh ftF/F T[dw nozG/rJ/ jB. ;qL pjkdo f;zx, :{H e/H d/ wkfJe;fj:'r ;dek r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb d/e/Adoh dcso dh B?ZN-tofezr j' u[Zeh j?. e/Adohdcso d/ jo ftzr, ndko/, vkfJo?eN'o/N dkfoekov ezfgT{No okjhA ;zGkfbnk ik fojk j?.r[odk;g[o, j[fFnkog[o, w[jkbh, cohde'N }'B,gzikp ;N/N, jfonkDk ;N/N, wjKokFNok ;N/N s/
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pRgqI JwqpRgqI JwqpRgqI Jwq
nes{po 2006
10
j'o pj[s ;ko/ ;N/N, }'Bb dcsoK dk ezfgT{NoheoB j' u[Zek j?. nZi t?Zp;kJhN ns/fJzNoB?ZN okjhA iZE/pzde ikDekoh dk ndkB-gqdkB ehsk ik fojk j?.
r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb B/ ;/tk ekoiK dh bVh ~ j'o s/} eoB bJhfiZE/ fJZe e[nkfb; rZvh yohdh, UE/ gqkEfwesk ekoiK bJh wo{sh UwBh t?B yohdhs/ fJ; toQ/ iZE/pzdh d/ tgkoe ndko/ fit/A g[;se gqdoFBhnK, nk; feoB BFk S[vkT[e/Ado dh d/yGkb nkfd ekoiK bJh pb?o' rZvh yohdh j?. fJZe rZvh fco'}g[o-w'rk }'BB/ ;fsr[o{ dh pyfFF ;dek iZE/pzde ;/tk ekoi s/} eoB bJh yohdh j?. ;w[Zu/d\so s/ }'BK ~ w[pkJhb \'BK Bkb b?; eoe/ N?eBkb'ih dk iZE/pzde gqc[bsk bJhtZX s'A tZX bkG b?Dk F[o{ ehsk j?.
ftd/FK ftZu r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb ~ ;orow eoB bJh e/Adohdcso fty/ fJzNoB?FBb e'-nkovhB/FB ;?Zb dh ;EkgBk ehsh rJh s/ B?FBbe'nkovhB/NoK dh fB:[esh ehsh rJh. ftd/FK ftZu e?Ag, ekoiFkbktK, ;?whBko;wkrwK d/ nk:'iB j'D/ F[o{ j'J/ jB.
fJ; toQ/ tkfjr[o{ dh ngko feqgk ojh. ;fsr[o{ B/ so[Zm e/ ;/tk bJh.foekov-s'V ;wkrw j'J/ jB. ;kps ;{os j'J/ 4000 B"itkBK ~ w?vb d/ e/ ;BwkfBsehsk j?. 2006 toQ/ ftZu GkJh sko{ f;zx fdt; d/ Bkw EZb/ 12 ;EkBK #s/ ftfdnkoEh;zw/bB i' phV pkpk p[ZYk ih (nzfwqs;o) r[odk;g[o, ibzXo, ekbk ;zfxnk(eg{oEbk) gkbdh (j[fFnkog[o), nBzdg[o ;kfjp (o'gV), csfjrVQ ;kfjp,b[fXnkDk, w;s{nkDk ;kfjp (;zro{o), w[es;o ;kfjp, w'rk s/ :w[BkBro(jfonkDk) fty/ ehs/ rJ/. jo/e ;wkrw #s/ 3 s'A 5 j}ko sZe dk fJeZm j'fJnk.;kps ;{os j'J/ B"itkBK ~ ;BwkBs eoB dk nkb"fee B}kok d/yD bJh ;zrsK j[zw-j[zwk e/ nkJhnK.
r[o{ noiB d/t ih dh Fjhdh Fskpdh ~ ;wofgs ;?whBko eotkT[D dhrZb s[oh sK iZE/pzdh B/ ;?whBkoK dh bVh ubk fdZsh. nzfwqs;o, ibzXo, w[jkbh,b[fXnkDk, gfNnkbk, d/jokd{B (T[soKub), w[zpJh (wjKokFNo), u/BJh(skfwbBkv{) s/ fJzrb?Av fty/ Got/A 9 ;?whBko ehs/ rJ/, fiBQK ftZu gzEe nkr{nK,ftdtkBK s/ ;zrsK B/ GothA Fw{bhns ehsh. Fskpdh ~ ;wofgs tZy-tZy }'BK ftZur[opkDh ezm w[ekpb/ j'J/, @;kvk fto;k ;kvk r"ot# d/ d' ftF/F nze Fskpdh ~;wofgs ehs/ rJ//. ;hH vhH fsnko j'JhnK ns/ @@ftFt FKsh wkou## th nkgDkfBt/ebk gqGkt SZv frnk. 500 ;kps ;{os B"itkBK dk w'No;kJhebK #s/ ek\bkb[fXnkDk s'A r[opkDh d/ FKsh ;fGnkuko dk ;[B/jk d/Adk j'fJnk nzfwqs;o gj[zfunk s/;qh dopko ;kfjp ik e/ ftFt FKsh bJh nodk; ehsh rJh. fJj nb"fee B}kokfJfsjk;e :kd pD rJh j?. iZE/pzdh d/ w[yh fgqzL okw f;zx j'oK tZb'A fbys g[;se@FKs wjK ;{oi#, Fskpdh ~ ;wofgs gqekfFs ehsh rJh. F'qwDh r[od[nkok gqpzXeew/Nh B/ Fjhdh Fskpdh ;pzXh gzEe eth dopko dh ;/tk r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh;oeb d/ f}zw/ brkJh i' soBskoB ;kfjp d/ w[Zy gzvkb ftZu pky{ph fBGkJh rJh.fJ; Fskpdh ~ ;wofgs B?FBb gZXo dk B?fse f;Zfynk e?Ag ihH nkoH vhH ne?vwhd/jokd{B fty/ brkfJnk frnk fi; ftZu 600 d/ eohp ftfdnkoEhnK B/ Fw{bhnsehsh.
B?fse f;Zfynk fJwfsjkB gfjb/ e/tb ekbiK ftZu jh j'fJnk eod/ ;B.
j[D ;e{bK ftZu th F[o{ ehs/ rJ/ jB. gfjb/ftfdnkoEhnK dh Fw{bhns 4-5 ;" j[zdh ;h.fgSb/ toQ/ ;e{bK ftZu 27,000 ftfdnkoEhfJwfsjkB ftZu p?m/ ;B. fJ; toQ/ 32,000 (pZshj}ko) ftfdnkoEhnK B/ fJwfsjkB fdZsk.fgSb/ toQ/ ekbi fJwfsjkBK ftZu 7000ftfdnkoEh p?m/ ;B. fJ; tko d; j}koftfdnkoEh p?mD dh ;zGktBk j?.
B"itkBK ~ d;sko pzBDh Bk nkT[Deoe/ e/; eNkT[D d/ tZX oj/ o[MkB ~ d/yfdnKfgSb/ toQ/ d;sko fJz;NhfuT{N nk\ b[fXnkDkdh ;EkgBk ehsh rJh. ;ko/ }'BK ~ nfijhnKfJz;NhfuT{N y'bD dh ;bkj fdZsh s/ j[D tZy-tZy }'BK ftZu d;sko fJz;NhfuT{N ;Ekgs j' oj/jB.
nk; feoB BFk S[vkT{ e/Ado,b[fXnkDk s/ j[fFnkog[o fty/ ub oj/ jB. fJ;toQ/ febQk okJ/g[o (b[fXnkDk) fty/ th BFkS[vkT{ e/Ado dh ;EkgBk ehsh rJh. nZr'A j'o;EkBK #s/ nfij/ ;?ANo y'bQD dh gqfefonk ikohj?. j[D sZe 1500 s'A tZX BF/VhnK ~ okjsfdtkJh ik u[Zeh j?.
:[te w/b/, fenkohnK, ekoiFkbktK,wkJh Gkr' fdt;, frnkB nziB ;wo e?Ag,ekbiK ftZu ih nkfJnK ~ ;wkrw, d;sko;ikT[D w[ekpb/, tih\/, ;?whBko, ftdtkBKBkb o{-p-o{, eth dopko, e?ohno n?Av rkJhv?A;;?ANo, ;/tk fdt;, tZy-tZy w[fjzwK, j'bk-wjZbk,rohp wohiK dh ;jkfJsk, BFk S[vkT[ e?Ag, BFkfto'Xh gqdoFBhnK, ;wkfie p[okJhnK fybkc;N/i F'n, nzso-okFNoh szpke{ fto'Xh fdt;,fwFB fJzgbhw?ABN/FB wkou, ;bkJhv F'n,ehosB bVhnK, ;zrhs ne?vwhnK, gqhtkoe;zgoe w[fjzw, iZE/pzde ekoiFkbktK, Fpd r[o{;wkrw, X[o ;zi'r, frnkB nziB gpfbe ;e{b;hoh}, G[ukb ghVsK dh ;jkfJsk, g[;segqdoFBhnK, ykb;kJh r/wK, Go{D jZfsnk ns/;wkie p[okJhnK #s/ ;?whBko,rohp p;shnKftZu p/p/ BkBeh f;bkJh ;?ANo nkfd ekoi uVQdhebk ftZu g{ok toQ/ ubd/ oj/.
nes{po 2006
11
f;Zy pZfunK ~ gZSwh ebZp ebuo d/ gqGkt s'A pukT[D bJh T[; dk pdbd/D dh, uh\ ;eZso ih dh ohM ozr fbnkJh. id'A j?ohN/i ebZp dh ;EkgBk eoe/ fJ;d/ eBthBo dh ;/tk phph uzBdhg e"o ~ ;"Agh rJh. nZi b[fXnkDk fty/ j?ohN/i ebZpsfjs jo wjhB/ d/ shi/ FBhtko fvBo r?N-N{-r?do bJh ;ko/ gqhtko fJeZso j[zd/jB. gzikph ;fGnkuko, gqzgoktK dh rZb, fJeKrh, BkNe, w'B'n?efNzr, ;feZN,e'ohUrqkch, FpdK dh nzskeFoh s/ j'o nfij/ ;fGnkukoe gq'rokw fJ; ebZp sfjspZu/ wkfgnK ;w/s Fkwb j' e/ eod/ jB.
fJ; toQ/ r[od[nkok ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp gksFkjh B"thA, ibzXo fty/ibzXo }'B d/ d\so dk T[dxkNB pekfJdk ;qL irihs f;zx (rkpk) d[nkok ehskfrnk. cohde'N-w[es;o-pfmzvk }'B B/ e'Neg[ok fty/ r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oebd/ Bkw }whB b? e/ pekfJdk r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb ezgb?e; fsnko eoe/ fJZE/nkgDk d\so s/ bkfJpq/oh dh ;EkgBk ehsh j?.
nZi id'A B"itkB gZSwh ;fGnkuko ftZu roe j' fojk j?. wkvfbzr dh j'VftZu gfssg[Dk tZX fojk j? sK r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb B/ ;kps ;{os B"itkBK~ T[Gko e/ d[BhnK ;kjwD/ g/F eoB bJh fJzd"o fty/ @fw;No f;zx# ns/ @fw; e"o#w[ekpb/ eotkJ/. gzikp ftZu w[es;o dh Xosh #s/ ;kps-;{os B"itkBK d/ wkvfbzrw[ekpb/ @@:zr f;Zy ;Nko nk\ wkbtk## eotkJ/ rJ/. fJ;/ soQK fJzrb?Av d/nzsookFNoh ;kps ;{os feqeN fyvkoh w"ANh f;zx ~ T[sFkfjs eoB bJh w[jkbh fty/r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb dk v?g{N/FB w"ANh f;zx ~ fwfbnk ns/ fJ; wkfjor/Adpki ;kps ;{os f;Zy B"itkB d/ gqhtko ~ ;BwkfBs ehsk frnk.
iZE/pzdh bJh fJj th wkD dh rZb j? fe iZE/pzdh d/ w[yh fgqzL okw f;zx ih ~gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh, gfNnkbk dh ;?B/N ns/ f;zvhe/N d/ w?Apo ti'A Bkw}d ehskfrnk j?. iZE/pzdh d/ uh\ ;eZso vkL uoB ewb f;zx ih j'oK ~ e"wKsoh ;z;EkfJzNoB?FBb f;Zy eBc?vo/FB d/ w?Apo Bkw}d ehsk frnk j?.
;qL oDihs f;zx, fvgNh uh\ nkor/BkJh}o (ftZs) d/ T[Zdw, fwjBs,:sB, fgqzL okw f;zx uh\ nkor/BkJh}o ns/ vkL uoB ewb f;zx uh\ ;eZso dh;[uZih nrtkJh ;dek r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb dh e/Adoh d\so dh ;w[Zuh irQki' ofi;Noh Bk j'D eoe/ jo t/b/ pbv'}o fco ikD dh fuzsk dk ekoD pDh ofjzdh;h, dh ofi;Noh bJh 12 bZy o[gJ/ d/ eohp wkfJnk fJzwgo{tw?AN NoZ;N d/ d\soiwQK eotkJh rJh. nZi wkD Bkb efj ;ed/ jK fe r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb d/e/Adoh d\so dh irQk iE/pzdh dh nkgDh irQk j?.
34t/A ;kbkBk ;wkrw #s/ nk oj/ tho G?D' ! n;hA pj[s e[ZM ehsk j? s/ pj[se[ZM eoBk pkeh j?. efjzd/ jB i/ tX/o/ ftfdnk gqkgs eoe/ th wB[Zy ~ ybes Bkbfgnko eoB dh iku Bk nkt/ sK T[j th pd-B;hp phwko j? i' fe;/ wkfjo vkeNo s'AfbnKdh j'Jh tXhnk dtkJh dh tos'A BjhA eo ;fenk. fJ; Xosh #s/ n;zy gVQ/-fby/th B\os, ;kVk, Fokos, M{m, co/p, p/JhwkBh, fJZe d{i/ ~ BhtK fdykT[D dh j'V,Bkb Go/ gJ/ jB. ;G ;z;ko ~ mhe eoBk pj[s n"yk j?, go n;zGt e[ZM BjhA. n;hAn;zGt ~ ;zGt eoB dh ;woZEk jk;b eoBh j?. ;opZs d/ Gb/ ftZu fJj ;ko/ n;zy jhnkT[Ad/ jB s/ id sZe fJZe th wB[Zy dk Gbk j'Dk pkeh j?, r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh;oeb B/ nkgDk ;zxoF ikoh oZyD dk c?;bk ehsk j?. efjzd/ jB, @;'u pdb' ;z;ko
pdb/rk.#;kvh ;'u T[;ko{ ns/ nkFktkdh j?.
n;K YkT{ ns/ fBokFktkdh skesK ~ ;wki #s/Gko{ j'D s'A o'eh oZyDk j?. ;kvk okj bzw/ok j?,fpyVk j?, go ,dk ftFtk; wBK d/ nzdo b? e/ ;\bsk gkT[Dhj?. fBZih ;[Zy bJh sK ;ko/ jh :sB eod/ jB-;op ;[y bJh nodk; eoBh s/ fco fJ; bJh:sBFhb j'Dk f;Zyh ftukoXkok dh Fq/FNsk j?.nkU, ;op ;[y bJh :sBFhb j'JhJ/. nkU,nkgD/ r"otwJh fto;/ ~ gfjukDhJ/ s/ r[owfsdh tZX s'A tZX ikDekoh gqkgs eoe/ r[o{ r'fpzdf;zx ;NZvh ;oeb d/ wkfXnw okjhA f;Zyh dhwfje ~ ;z;ko d/ e'B/-e'B/ ftZu c?bkJhJ/, sK fetZX ojh Bk;fsesk, gfssg[D/, BfFnK d/ e'jVns/ f;Zyh s'A j' ojh p/w[ysk ~ d{o ehsk ik ;e/.e/;oh bfjo uZb/-wB[Zy ;Z[yh tZ;D- ;op ;[y j't/,fJj r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb dk gqD j? fJj;kvk sjZJhnk j?. fJj ;kvk fBFuk j? s/ fBFu/ftZu jh csfj j?. 34t/A e/Adoh ;kbkBk ;wkrw#s/ nk oj/ ;w[Zu/ e?vo ~ b[fXnkDk nkT[D bJhih nkfJnK ~ efjzd/ j'fJnK fJj' ejKrk fenkU, fdqVsk Bkb nZr/ tZXhJ/.
,gq/oDk tke nB[;ko eZfunK dh gfjukD eohJ/,G[b/fynK ftZu Bk ihthJ/ s/ gZe/ bZG rzY gkJhJ/.tkfjr[o{ ;k~ ;kfonK ~ go;go gq/wfgnko,J/esk, ftFtk;, j"A;bk, ftFkb fjodk,T[sFkj s/ ;dk jh uVQdhnK ebk tkbk ihtBgqdkB eo/.
ihtB fJZe jtk dk p[Zbk j?, i' nkT[Adkj? ns/ ubk iKdk j?. ihtB fJZe nktk} j?, i'ed/ th ykw'F j' ;edh j?, ihtB fJZe fyv"Dk j?,i' ed/ th N[ZN ;edk j?. ihtB fJZe irdkj'fJnk dhge j?, i' ed/ th p[ZM ;edk j?. ihtBfJZe ebh j?, i' ;[Gk fybdh j? s/ Fkw ~ w[oMkiKdh j?. nkU, r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oebwkfXnw okjhA ;/tk y/so ftZu fBZso e/ ihtB ~;\bk eohJ/ s/ ihtB d/ gbK ~ ;[BfjohpDkT[D bJh :sBFhb j'JhJ/.
n;K fBFu? efo ngBh ihs eo'A
@@BkBeeufVnK f;T[ s'V Y{zY ;ZiD ;zs gfenk##
n;K fBFu? efo ngBh ihs eo'A
@@BkBeeufVnK f;T[ s'V Y{zY ;ZiD ;zs gfenk##
nes{po 2006
12
rZse/ d/ wkfjo ;qL oftzdogkb f;zx Bkb j'Jh ftuko uouk d/ nzF L
w/ok iBw 1981 ftZu f}bQk fco'}g[o ftZu j'fJnk. fJe ;kb dh T[wo ftZu jh uzr/GftZy ns/ gVQkJh d/ wzst Bkb gfotko ;w/s n;hA nzfwqs;o nk rJ/.. w?A 10thA ;zs f;zx;[yk f;zx ;e{b ftZu'A gk; ehsh. jkfJo ;?ezvoh dh f;Zfynk, r[o{ okwdk; ;hL;?L;e{b ftZugqkgs ehsh. ghHn?wHNhH ebhno eoB s'A pknd w?A ykb;k ekbi, nzfwqs;o ftZuphHn?;H;hH n?rohebuo ftZu dkybk b? fbnk ns/ j[D w?A nkgDh fvroh d/ u"E/ ns/nkyoh ;kb ftZu jK.
xo ftZu F[o{ s'A jh y/vK gqsh T[;ko{ wkj"b ;h. w/o/ fgsk ih epZvh d/ fyvkoh ;B gow?A fe;/ n?;h y/v ~ ngBkT[Dk ukj[zdk ;h fi; Bkb ;ohoe ns/ nksfwe d'BK gZyK dkftek; j't/. fJ; bJh w?A wkoFb nkoN; ~ ngDkfJnk. f;Zy fJfsjk; s'A gq/fos j' e/ ;zB2002 ftZu nzfwqs SZeD s'A pknd rZse/ dh Nq/fBzr b?Dh F[o{ ehsh.
< nkgD/ iBw, gotfoF ns/ gVQkJh pko/ ikDekoh fdT[<
< nkgD/ gfotkoe fgS'eV pko/ ukBDk gkU<
< eokN/ s/ rZse/ dk F"Ae feE'A s/ fet/A fgnk<
;ZsthA ftZu gVQfdnK fgsk ih rzGho phwko j' rJ/. T[j uko ;kb sZe wzi/ #s/ jhoj/. pj[s n"yk ;wK jzYkfJnk j?. fgsk d/ fpwko j' ikD ekoB xo ftZu e'Jh ewkT[ BjhA;h fi; eoe/ wkbh jkbs pj[s f}nkdk ftrV rJh. 1998 ftZu fgsk ih d/ ;tortk;j'D #s/ jbks j'o yokp j' rJ/. fJBQK jkbksK ftZu ftuod/ j'J/ w?A nkgDh gVQkJh, y/vK s/j'o rshftXhnK tZb pVh w[Feb Bkb fXnkB fdzdk fojk, Bkb Bkb gfotko dhf}zw/tkoh th ;zGkbdk fojk. nZi w/o/ e'b i' th j? T[j ;G r[opkDh dh pyfFF j?. w/o/ wkskih dk fJ; ftZu pj[s wjZstg{oB :'rdkB j?. r[opkDh ikr bkT[D ns/ nkg X[Zg eZN e/;kB{z SK eoB tkb/ wksk ih dk w?A ;dk F[eo r[}ko ojKrk. r[opkDh B/ w/oh jo soQK d/ ;w/AftZu wdd ehsh j?. r[owfs dh ;/X ns/ r[of;ZyK dk ;fj:'r nZi th w/o/ Bkb j?.
< nkgD/ iBw, gotfoF ns/ gVQkJh pko/ ikDekoh fdT[<
< nkgD/ gfotkoe fgS'eV pko/ ukBDk gkU<
< eokN/ s/ rZse/ dk F"Ae feE'A s/ fet/A fgnk<
< fe; gZXo sZe rZse/ ns/ wkoFbnkoN dk gqdoFB ehsk j?<
fi; soQK i{v' eokN/, ;{w', o?;fbzr ns/j'o nfijhnK wkoFb nkoN; nzsookFNohgZXo #s/ gfjukD pBkT[D ftZu ekw:kpj'JhnK jB, rZse/ ftZu ftbZyDsk j'D d/pkti{d th fJ; B{z T[j ;EkB gqkgs BjhA j';fenk. fJ; d/ eh ekoB jB s/ s[;hA fJBQK s'AT[GoB bJh eh e'fFF eo oj/ j'<
;zB 1997 ftZu okFNoh gZXo #s/ fJzvhnkeZg u?AghnBfFg ftZu ;'B/ dk srwk jk;b ehsk.;zB 2003 ftZu F's'aekB eokN/ u?AghnBfFg i' fenzfwqs;o fty/ j'Jh, fJ; ftZu UgB u?AghnB dkf]skp jk;b ehsk. fJ; s'A fJbktk nzsookFNohgZXo #s/ eotkJ/ rJ/ wkoFb nkoN; Nq/fBzr e?AgftZu 3 tko fjZ;k fbnk. w?A ;zB 1999 ftZu
;NkJhb ftZu Gkos s'A ns/ ;zB 2003ftZu eokN/ ;NkJhb ftZu nwohek s'A pb?ep?bN jk;b ehsh. fJ; t/b/ nwoheB e'u
s'A Nq/fBzr jk;b eo fojk jK. eJhokFNoh-nzsookFNoh iE/pzdhnK tb'A y/vD d/gq;skt nkJ/ jB go nkgDh gVQkJh g{oh eoBT[gozs jh w?A fJ; gk;/ fXnkB d/tKrk.
rZse/ ftZu T[Zso Gkos ftZu Bro ehosBKns/ j'o tZy-tZy soQK d/ Xkofwe ;wkrwK,ykb;kJh y/vK, Xkofwe e?AgK nkfd ftZu tZv/ gZXo#s/ rZsek gqdoFB ehsk j?. fJ; s'A fJbktkr[od[nkok ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp, wkBu?;No(:{He/H) tb'A w?~ ;Zdk gZso fwfbnk j?.
Shitoriou
Goju
Sensei
Craig garrett
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id'A th e'Jh uh} nkgD/ w[ZY s'A N[ZNdh j? T[d'AT[j Yfjzdh ebk tZb j[zdh j[zdh ]sw j' iKdh j?.rZse/ ftZu nkJ/ fBxko dk ekoD th fJjh j? fepj[s rZseJh r[o{ ;kfjp tb'A dZ;/ n;b wkor s'AGNe rJ/ jB. rZse/ B{z f;yo #s/ gj[zukD bJh fJjpVk }o{oh j? fe rZsek nkgD/ otkfJsh gZy,
< fe; gZXo sZe rZse/ ns/ wkoFbnkoN dk gqdoFB ehsk j?<
fi; soQK i{v' eokN/, ;{w', o?;fbzr ns/j'o nfijhnK wkoFb nkoN; nzsookFNohgZXo #s/ gfjukD pBkT[D ftZu ekw:kpj'JhnK jB, rZse/ ftZu ftbZyDsk j'D d/pkti{d th fJ; B{z T[j ;EkB gqkgs BjhA j';fenk. fJ; d/ eh ekoB jB s/ s[;hA fJBQK s'AT[GoB bJh eh e'fFF eo oj/ j'<
sR. rivMdrpwl isMGsR. rivMdrpwl isMG
fJzNoftT{ eosk
d\so ;eZsor[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb
;L r[oFoB f;zx;L r[oFoB f;zxgq/oBk;q's B"itkBgq/oBk;q's B"itkB
nes{po 2006
13
fJfsjk;e gZy ns/ yk; s"o #s/ r[owfs gZy tb'A gogZe j't/. rZseJh f;zx$f;zxDhnKdk uVQdh ebk tkbk ihtB, rZse/ dh ftbZyDsk dh w[V f;oiDK eo fJ; dh nzsookFNoh gZXo #s/ gfjukD ~ w[V ekfJw eo ;edk j?. ;oeko, ;w{zj Xkofwe iE/pzdhnK,whvhnk ns/ ;oeko ~ rZse/ gqsh jK-gZyh o[Zy ngBkT[Dk gJ/rk.
wkoFb nkoN Bkb fiE/ ;ohoe ns/ fdwkrh ftek; j[zdk j? T[E/ nfXnksfwe gZys'A th fJj bkj/tzd f;ZX j[zdk j?. fJj ebk wB ftZu fdqVQ nksw ftFtkF g?dk eodh j? i'fe f}zdrh d/ jo gVkn #u wddrko ;kps jz[dk j?. nksw oZfynk ti'A fJj yk; s"o #s/phphnK d/ bJh pj[s bkj/tzd j?. fJj ;oho ftZu nB'yh soQK dh c[osh g?dk eodk j? ns/fdwkr B{z jo t/b/ ;[u/s oZydk j?. fiE/ rZse/ okjhA n;hA tZy-tZy soQK d/ FFso ubkT[D/f;Zyd/ jK T[E/ jh eokN/ ;kB{z nkgD/ ;oho B{z jh fJZe jfEnko dh soQK fJ;s/wkb eoBkf;ykT[Ad/ jB. eokN/ dk n;b nB[tkd
Fq'wDh r[od[nkok gqpzXe ew/Nh tb'A e[ZM wdd }o{o fwb ojh j? go nzso okFNohwzu T[Zs/ fJ; ebk dh gfjukD pBkT[D bJh b'V fJ; s'A fes/ f}nkdk j?. Fq'wDhr[od[nkok gqpzXe ew/Nh f;ZyK dh ;ot'sw ;z;Ek j?, fiE/ T[j rZse/ ~ wkbh ;jkfJskgqdkB eo oj/ jB T[E/ jh T[BQK ~ rZse/ ftZu nkJhnK B?fse froktNK ns/ ewhnK d/f]bkc ewoeZ;k eoe/ fJ; y/v dk fJZe wzu s'A ;zukbB eoBk ukjhdk j?. rZseJhnK ~rZse/ dk ;kok ;ki' ;wkB nk;kBh Bkb w[jZJhnk eotkT[D d/ :'r gqpzX j'D/ ukjhd/ jB.fi; soQK r[owfs ns/ fto;/ dh rZb eoB bJh ehosBhnK ns/ eEk tkueK ~ gzikp s'Apkjo d/F ftd/FK ftZu G/fink iKdk j?, T[;/ soQK rZse/ dhnK gq'c?FBb NhwK th ftd/FKftZu G/iDhnK ukjhdhnK jB. r[owfs ftZu fdZshnK iKdhnK j'o f;ybkJhnK d/ BkbrZsek th Fkfwb ehsk ikt/, feT[Afe fJj th r[owfs dk nfByVtK fjZ;k j?. r[o{ ;kfjpd/ tke nB[;ko -
r[of;Zy ihtB ftZu ;Fso dh yk; wfjwk j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk tZy-tZy Xkofwew"fenK #s/ eZY/ ikD tkb/ Bro ehosB d/ ftZu rZse/ dh Fw{bhns gZeh ehsh ikDhukjhdh j?. f;Zy iE/pzdhnK (Xkofwe ns/ r?of;nk;h) tb'A th fJ; d/ ftek; bJh nkgD/s"o #s/ iK Fq'wDh r[od[nkok gqpzXe ew/Nh Bkb ;fj:'r eoBk ukjhdk j?.
( - empty - hand - wayKra tae do
@@n; feqgkB yzv' yVr, s[ge spo no[ sho..;?\ ;o'jh ;?Eh :j? jwko? gho..## d'fjok (F;so wkbk gkL ƒ‚)
< wkoFb nkoN; ns/ rZse/ dk f;js #s/ eh gqGkt g?Adk j?<
< eh s[;hA ;e{bK$ekbiK ftZu rZse/ dh Nq/fBzr pkeh y/vK d/ Bkb-Bkb d/Dk}o{oh ;wMd/ j'<
< nkg ih B{z Fq'wDh r[od[nkok gqpzXe ew/Nh iK fe;/ j'o iE/pzdh tb'A fe;/soQK dh wdd gqkgs j' ojh j?<
of self defence) j?.
jK, pkeh y/vK d/ Bkb-Bkb ;e{bK ekbiK ftZu rZse/ dh Nq/fBzr d/Dk th pj[s }o{ohj?. fiE/ fJj ftfdnkoEhnK dk ;ohoe ns/ fdwkrh ftek; eoe/ T[BQK d/ dofwnkBgDg u[Ze/ BfFnK d/ o[MkB B{z mZbQ gkt/rk, T[E/ jh T[BQK B{z nkgD/ Xow ns/ fto;/ Bkb thi'V/rk. ni'e/ d"o ftZu fiE/ G?DK bJh fJeZfbnK xo'A fBebDk ]soBke ;kfps j[zdk j?,rZse/ dh Nq/fBzr Bkb T[j jo ;w/A nksw oZfynk bJh fJ; ebk dk fJ;s/wkb eo ;edhnKjB.
< wkoFb nkoN; ns/ rZse/ dk f;js #s/ eh gqGkt g?Adk j?<
< eh s[;hA ;e{bK$ekbiK ftZu rZse/ dh Nq/fBzr pkeh y/vK d/ Bkb-Bkb d/Dk}o{oh ;wMd/ j'<
< nkg ih B{z Fq'wDh r[od[nkok gqpzXe ew/Nh iK fe;/ j'o iE/pzdh tb'A fe;/soQK dh wdd gqkgs j' ojh j?<
Kra tae do
@@n; feqgkB yzv' yVr, s[ge spo no[ sho..;?\ ;o'jh ;?Eh :j? jwko? gho..## d'fjok (F;so wkbk gkL ƒ‚)
< rZse/ ftZu tos/ iKd/ Bt/A jfEnkoKdh T[gbZpXsk bJh fe; soQK dhnK n"eVK dk;kjwDk eoBk g?Adk j?<
< s[jkv/ tZb'A rZse/ B{z T[sFkjs eoBbJh fe; soQK dk T[gokbk ehsk frnk j?<
< wkoFb nkoN s'A fJbktk j'o o[uhnK<
< B"itkB ghVQh bJh e'Jh ;zd/F<
w?A fJzNo ;e{b gZXo #s/nB/eK tko i/s{ fojk jK. fJ; s'A fJbktk
Xkofwe vokw/, ;N/} gb/n ns/ fJe f\bw @e/;r[o{ eh w'jo# ftZu th ezw eo u[ZfenK jK.
GkFD gqsh:'rsktKftZu
otkfJsh n;so F;so wfjzr/ Gkn #s/fwbd/ jB. eJh tko
g[oksB F;so T[gbpX eotk e/ T[BQK #s/ thnfGnk; eotkT[Dk ukjhdk j?.
fJBQK F;soK dh fe;w ~ b?e/ fJwkBdkoh dh xkN t/yD ~ fwbdh j?. Fq'wDhr[od[nkok gqpzXe ew/Nh tb'A F;soK ~ xZN w[Zb#s/ T[gbZpX eotkT[D d/ gqpzX eoB/ ukjhd/ jBns/
r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb d/ ;fj:'rBkbb[fXnkDk, nzfwqs;o ns/ dwdwk ;kfjp fty/pkpk dhg f;zx ne?vwh nk\ wkoFb nkoN;y'bQhnK rJhnK jB. fJ; ne?vwh dh ftbZyDskfJj j? fe fJE/ rZse/ dk nfGnk; d/;[w/b Bkb ehsk iKdk j?.
nZi dk B"itkB nkgD/ nwho fto;/ ~ G[bke/, d[fBnkthA gdkoEK t;sK ns/ M{mh FkB' F'jos~ jk;b eoB bJh BfFnK ftZu g{oh soQK rbskBj' u[Zfenk j?. fiE/
w/ok nZi dh ghVQhbJh fJj ;zd/F j? fe n;hA nkgD/ n;b ;fGnkukons/ fto;/ Bkb i[fVnK ofjzfdnK, B?fsesk d/Bkb ubfdnK f}zdrh dhnK p[bzdhnK B{z S[j ;ed/jK. r[of;Zyh d/ rkvh okj #s/ uZb e/ ;dhth ;[Zyns/ FKsh B{z gqkgs ehsk ik ;edk j? ns/ fJe BFkofjs ;wki dh f;oiDk ehsh ik ;edh j?.
rZse/ ns/ wkoFb nkoN; dh Nq/fBzr bJh
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nes{po 2006
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~ tXkT[D ns/ ;[uZi/ sohe/ Bkb tosD bJhEconomic Resources
Model Town Extension, Ludhiana-141002
www.ggssc.net
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(Conventional) (Crop cycle) (Crop
diversification)
Cash Crops
(Agrobased Projects)
(Mushroom) (Bee keeping) (Dairy Farming )
(Small Scale Food Processing Units)
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������������������������������Ph. 0161-2450352, 2463606 Mobile : 98880-38729Ph. 0161-2450352, 2463606 Mobile : 98880-38729
Expert PenalistsDr. M.S.Gill Dr. S.S.Sokhi Dr. J.S.Kular
Dr. Mohinder Singh Dr. Amarjeet KaurIQBAL Singh
Directorate of Social Empowerment and Economic Development
Food Technologist
Chief AgronomistPAU, Ludhiana
Ex. Addl. Director,Extn. Education, PAU, Ludhiana
Ex. Director,Extn. Education, PAU, Ludhiana
Former Sr. AgronomistPAU, Ludhiana
Jt. DirectorJt. DirectorDirector
M.A. (Eco.) LLB
14nes{po 2006
15nes{po 2006
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oZp d/ s{z o{g ftZu gzit/A ;o{g ftZu,f;qFNh bJh o?jwsK dk y'fbnk ]}kBk J/.GrsK s/ r[o{nK dh pkDhnK B{z #emk eo,o{g r[o{ rzqE ih dk ofunk ;[jkBk J/.eb:[rh ihtK d/ T[Xko fjZs gksFkj s{z,Bkw dh y[wkohnK dk S/fVnk sokBk J/.eoK feZdK f;cs s/ ;bkj s/oh dkfsnk w?A,ehoshnK s/ohnK J/j rk fojk }wkBk J/.
pkDh j? J/j r[o{ ns/ r[o{nK dk o{g pkDh,fBs s/ok dhd J/jBK FpdK #u'A gkBk J/.n?;h dks pyFh j? ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dh,r[o{nK dh i's ns/ pkDh dk ]}kBk J/.
nzfwqs dk ;'wk ns/ frnkB dk Gzvko j? J/j,Grsh s/ Fesh dk Gfonk Gzvkok J/.fBZrfsnK dh rs s/ fBgfsnK dh gs j?,BZfXfonK dh fXo p/;jko/ dk ;jkok J/.g{idk j? Xow, JhwkB s/ ijkB J/jB{z,wB[Zysk dh ;KM dk J/j ukBD w[Bkok J/.w[esh dk dksk J/jB{z wzBdk ijkB ;kok,J/jd/ ftZu'A j[zdk ;Zuyzv dk B}kok J/.
v[ZbQ vZ[bQ g?Adh ;KMhtkbsk j? J/; ftZu'A,Bk jh e'Jh t?oh ns/ Bk jh e'Jh fprkBk J/.e/jVh e/jVh w?jwK d;K ;qh r[o{ rqzE ih dhr[o{nK dh i's ns/ pkDh dk ]}kBk J/.
;qh r[o{ rqzE ftZu GrsK dh pkDhnK #u'A,;G Bkb'A tZX pkDh Grs epho dh.wB[Zy Bz{ frnkB dhnK u"GK J/dK wkodh J/,u"G fit/A j[zdh nfDnkb/ fe;/ sho dh.d' ;" T[Dzik B/ ;b'e J/jd/ pkDh ftZu,pkDh #u th g?fjb j'Jh pkDh dh skwho dh.Bkwd/t Bkw ig gk fbnk ;h Bkw TZ[uk,bhB j'fJnk n?;k ;[X ojh Bk ;oho dh.
gq/odh j? pzdrh bJh pkDh ifrnk;{nK B{z,gqG{ Bkb i'VBk jh J/; dk fBFkBk J/.XzB XzB XzB d;K r[o{nK dk o{g j? J/,r[o{nK dh i's ns/ pkDh dk y}kBk J/.
fJe Unzeko dk g;kok J/j g;kfonk J/,fJe Unzeko dk g;kok r[o{ rqzE J/.fJe Unzeko dk BK nkfd j? Bk nzs e'Jh,fJe Unzeko dk B}kok r[o{ rqzE J/.fJe Unzeko dk BK ozr j? Bk o{g e'Jh,fJe Unzeko dk fBskok r[o{ rqzE J/.fJe Unzeko ftZu yzv p?qjwzv[ ;ko/,fJe Unzeko ftZu ;kok r[o{ rqzE J/.
fJe Unzeko dh Bk bhbk e'Jh ikD ;e/,fJe Unzeko dhnK tZyohnK FkBK J/.v[p/ p/V/ skoB/ bJh Bkw dk ijk} j? J/j,r[o{nK dh i's ns/ pkDh dh ]}kBk J/.
GrsK s/ r[o{nK B/ ;qh r[o{ rqzE ftZu,;w/A ;w/A okrK ftZu pkDhnK T[ukohnK.wfjwk ehsh pkDh #u fBo'b gqwkswk dh,skjhUA r[o{ rqzE ftZu rJhnK ;fsekohnK.okr ns/ okrBhnK :F J/jd/ r"AdhnK B/,fJeZshnK jh okrK ftZu pkDhnK fFzrkohnK.F'qwDh rqzE J/jB{z wzfBnK j? ;kfonK B/,;zsK wjkswk s/ ;G/ ;z;kohnK.
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;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dh w?jwK w?A fpnkB ;eK,w?A s/ ykbh g[sbk jK w/oh j? wikb eh<F/noK d/ J/j o{g ftZu J/;/ dhnK o?jwsK B/,J/;/ dhnK dksK B/ J/j w/ok j? ewkb eh<bZyK toQ/ nk:{ j't/ bZyK toQ/ fbydk ojK,wfjwk J/jdh fby ;eK Gbk j? ;tkb eh<r[o{nK s/ ghoK B/ vzv"s ehsh J/; nZr/,tkbh i' ijkB dk j? J/;/ dh j? wkbeh.
J/jd/ ftZu'A ;G' e[M U; B{z B;hp j't/,Fo Xk fgnko dk i' skodk fpnkBk J/.bZy bZy tkoh @uzB# w/ok gqDkw J/jB{z,r[o{nK dh i's ns/ pkDh dk ]}kBk J/.
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16nes{po 2006
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Xuvk syvwvW fwierYktoryto{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb dh T[sgsh jh ftfdne tksktoD ftZu j'Jh j?. fJj nekdfwe ;z;Ek vhH ghH nkJhH
(;e{b) gzikp, vhH ghH nkJhH (ekb}i) gzikp s/ tZy-tZy :{Bhtof;NhnK tZb'A wkBsk gqkgs ;z;Ek j?. :{B?;e' tb'A FKshd{s ti'A ;oNhfce/N gqkgs eoe/ ;BwkBh ;z;Ek B/ nekdfwe y/so d/ 34 ;kb g{o/ ehs/ jB. ;NZvh ;oeb dk FkpfdeGkt jh ftuko wzvb j?, gVQkJh dk wkj"b j?. 1972 s'A jh ftfdnkoEhnK ftZu Xow s/ fto;/ gqsh ikrosh fbnkT[D bJhfi; wkfXnw ns/ wzu ~ u[fDnk ;h, T[; dk Bkw jh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb oZfynk frnk ;h. r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ihf;ZyK d/ d;t/A r[o{ ;B, fiBQK B/ r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp tb'A s'oh f;Zyh dh bfjo ~ ;op T[Zsw gVkn sZe gjz[uk e/ ykb;/ dh
;kiBk ehsh ns/ r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp dh skfpnk r[o{ gzE d/ r[o{ j'D b'eszsoh o[jkBhns gozgok dk nozG ehsk. d;w fgsk dh bkfw;kb ihtBh ns/T[BQK dhnK pyfFFK ;w[Zu/ GkoshnK bJh s/ ftF/F eoe/ r[of;ZyK bJh nkdoFe s/ nBw'b jB. r[o{ ;kfjp dh Fy;hns ns/ fcbk;ch, ;KMhtkbskns/ ;{owrsh dh nB{mh fw;kb j? fi; s'A f;Zy ftukoXkok dh gquzv Fesh s/ F'Gk gqrN j[zdh j?. nfij/ r[oK ~ nkdoF wzB e/ ;z;Ek ubkT[Dh,nkgD/ nkg ftZu ;KMhtkbsk s/ ihtB ;zxoF d/ f;XKsK ftZu fBFuk oZyDk ;kps eodh j?.
ftfdne ndkfonK ftZu gVQd/ ftfdnkoEh, Xkofwe GktBktK ~ ekbiK, ;e{bK s/ :{Bhtof;NhnK ftZu y[Zb e/ gqrN eoB ftZunfsnzs fMie wfj;{; eod/ ;B. Bk;se b'eK tb'A Xow fto'Xh tksktoD ftfdne ndkfonK ftZu pDk fdZsk frnk. ;kps ;{osK ~ Ykj bZrojh ;h. nwho f;Zy fJfsjk; tb'A B"i[nkB nt/;bk ;h. ftd/Fh ftukoXkoktK ~ }'o F'o Bkb gqukfonk ik fojk ;h. nfij/ ;ys, x[Nt/A s/ n"y/wkj"b ftZu ;NZvh ;oeb ftfdnkoEhnK ~ tzrkodk j? s/ fJj ;[B/jk fdzdk j? fe @@n? B"i[nkB ykb;k, ikr s/ ;zGkb nkgDk r"otwJh fto;k,d;w/F fgsk B/ ;opz; tko e/ s?~ ;odkoh pyFh ;h. M{m/ c?FBK wro bZr e/ nkgDh ;odkoh dk nkg eksb Bk pD. ;kps ;{os XkoB eo s/ r[o{dk yk; o{g pD.## Bk;se gkoNhnK tb'A Ekg/ toeo, ftfdnkoEhnK ~Bk;sesk d/ fJBebkp dh bfjo pfjo fdykT[Ad/ jB s/ nkgD/ Bkb i'Vd/ jB. ;NZvh ;oeb B/ fJj ftFtk; gqrNkfJnk fe @@ B?fse fJBebkpfbnkJ/ fpBQK, ;ko/ fJBebkp nX{o/ jB. id'A sZe fJZe th wB[Zy dk Gbk j'Dk pkeh j?, ;kvk ;zxoF ikoh oj/rk.##
ns/ d/ T[d/F ;kjwD/ oZy e/ r?o-okiBhse ofjzd/ j'J/, B"i[nkBK s/nfXnkgeK dk fJj ek\bk fdB'A fdB j'o tv/ok jz[dk frnk. nkgD/ nwho fto;/ dh rZb eo ;[D e/ ftfdnkoEhnK ftZu nip gq;zBsk s/ ;zs[FNskt/yD ~ fwbh. j[D sZe ;?AeV/ r[owfs N/qfBzr e?AgK, r[opkDh ehosB ;wkrwK, ftfdne r'FNhnK, eJh doiB gqekFBktK , fszB djke/ s'A wk;ew?r}hB @@;kvk fto;k ;kvk r"ot## dh fBozso gqekFBk, r[owfs fJwfsjkBK, Xkofwe w/fbnK nkfde d/ o{g ftZu T[sFkj Gog{o wkj"b pfDnkj?.
;kv/ d/F dh ;oeko B/ fi; @@;?e{bo## f;XKs ~ ngDkfJnk, T[j pVk n;gFN s/ G[b/yk gkT{ ;h. Xow dh ftfdnk ~ ftfdne gqDkbhftu'A eZY fdZsk frnk.e[mkoh efwFB dh fog'oN th }'odko FpdK ftZu Xkofwe s/ B?fse ftfdnk ~ ftfdne gqDkbh dk fjZ;k pBkT[Dk }o{ohdZ;dh j?. j[D Gkt/A fes/ fes/ Xow ~ ftF/ ti'A gVkQT[D d/ :sB ehs/ iKd/ jB go ftnkge o{g ftZu BjhA. fBZih y/so d/ ftfdne ndkfonK ftZufJj :sB j'J/ jB. fJ; dk Bshik fJj fBeb fojk j? fe ftfdnkoEh dh F];hns ftZu Xow s/ B?fsesk gqsh F[G GktBk Goh ikD dh pikJ/ NhHthH,o;kb/, fcbwK nkfd dh ny"sh wkvoB f;Zfynk Bkb GVekjN, uzubkgD j'SkgD nk frnk j?. T[j w[ZYb/ o{g ftZu f}zw/tko BjhA fojk. T[j y'ihpBD dh Ekt/A w"ih pDdk ik fojk j?. B?fse Xkofwe f;Zfynk ns/ vf;gbB Bkb fiZE/ ;Zuk-;[Zuk ftfdnkoEh fttjko f;ofink ik ;ed?, T[;;zGktBk ~ ftfdnk gqDkbh, ftfdnkoEh e'b'A y'j ojh j?. y[Zb/gD s/ ;t?-;ziwh ns/ ;t?-nB[Fk;Bh tksktoD ~ eh n;hA Gkos ftZu f;oi b?D d/:sB ftZu jK< i/ nfijk j? sK n;hA fJZe wzMXko ftZu fxo iktKr/. wkfJnk d/ gqGkt, gZSwh ebuo d/ dpkn ns/ wkvoB pBD d/ ukn Bkb T[;ko{s/ ouBkswe FeshnK dk ;jh gq:'r BjhA j' ;e/rk. BfFnK ftZu c;Dk, thvhU-nkvhU fdqF-X[BK s/ vK; eoB/, Xow ns/ oZph ftFtk; ~gSfVnkgD ;wMDk, J/;/ ;'u d/ jh f;ZN/ jB. gZSwh d/FK B/ G"fse ftek; eoB T[gozs j[D fJ; rZb dh fuzsk eoBh F[o{ ehsh j? fe ftfdnkoEh d/ftneshst ~ Xkofwe-B?fse n;{bK dh wkBthnsk Bkb fet/A Usg's ehsk ik ;edk j?<
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17nes{po 2006
r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb tZb'A nozG/ fBwkD/ ;/tk ekoiK ;dek ftfdne ndkfonK d/ n?vhN'ohnw ftZu :[te w/fbnK d/ Bkw EZb/r[opkDh ehosB dhnK X[zBK r{ziD bZrhnK, b?euo, eftsk, e[fJ} s/ j'o w[ekpb/ j'D bZr/ s/ fJBQK okjhA ftfdnkoEhnK ftZu r[owfs T[;koh,B?fse edoK ehwsK dk ;fji ;[GkJh ;zuko j'Dk F[o{ j'fJnk. ;op Gkosh B?fse f;Zfynk fJwfsjkB th ftfdnkoEhnK ~ nkgDh gVQkJh d/ Bkb-Bkb r[owfs dh ;'Mh eotkT[D ftZu n;odkfJe ;kps j'fJnk. Fy;hns T[;koh ekoiFkbktK, :{E bhvofFg N/qfBzr e?Ag ftfdnk ftZu s/;opgZyh ftek; s/ ftfdnkoEhnK ftZu T[;ko{ bhvofFg r[DK ~ T[GkoB ftZu ;jkJh f;ZX j'J/. ftfdne fenkohnK okjhA pZfunK ftZu r[owfs;pzXh w[ZYbh ifrnk;k irkT[D ftZu nfjw :'rdkB fgnk. wkJh Gkr' fdt; ;wkrwK okjhA ekbi ftfdnkoEDK d/ wBK ftZu f;Zy phphnK dhnKwjkB e[opkBhnK gqsh }}pk g?dk j'Dk F[o{ j'fJnk. GkJh sko{ f;zx fdt; ;wkrwK okjhA B"i[nkBK ftZu e/; fgnko s/ d;sko fgnko ikfrnk s/;?AeV/ B"i[nkBK B/ e/; oZy e/ d;skoK ;ikJhnK. frnkB nziB ;wo ;e{b sfjs S[ZNhnK ftZu fJZe fJZe wjhBk ftF/F ebk;K d/ nk:'iBK B/ thpZfunK ftZu Xkofwe o[uh g?dk ehsh.
34t/A ;kbkBk e/Adoh ;wkrw #s/ B"itkBK ~ fJjh nghb j? fe r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb jh fJZe nfijk wkfXnw$gb/Nckow j? fi;okjhA nkg ih ;P?-;/th GktBk Bkb nZr/ nk e/ nkgD/ nzdo jo soQK d/ r[D g?dk eo ;ed/ j', nkgDk ftneshst ;ztko ;ed/ j' s/ ;zg{oBFy;hnsK d/ wkbe pD ;ed/ j'. r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb d/ w?Apo pD fJ; ek\b/ Bkb s[o e/ b'e ;[yhnk gqb'e ;[j/bk eo ;ed/ j'.
fit/A GkJh tho f;zx e/b'A d/ rZb bZrh t/b d/ jtkb/ Bkb oZp Bkb i'V pD nkt/, fgnkok oZp Bk ftS[V/, oZp dk nk;ok Bk N[ZN// dk sobkb?Ad/ jB rzdb/ tksktoD dk n;o ;k~ th Bk fBy/V d/t/. nkU, n;hA th fJZe sobk b?D bJh fJ; gb/N \kow #s/ nkJhJ/.
nkU, fJ; ek\b/ Bkb s[o GkJh tho f;zx ih tKr nodk; eohJ/.w?A d[BhnK s'A fuZs uk fbnk, s/o/ uoBK Bkb brk fbnk.fJZe :kd s/oh B/ gkfbnk j[D nk fwb ebrh tkfbnk.w?A fdB ~ nkjK wkodh, frD sko/ oks r[}kodh.jkfJ o' o' firok rkfbnk, j[D nk fwb ebrh tkfbnk.eJh iBw rJ/ so;/AfdnK, frnk fJj th f;Ze f;e/AfdnK.e/jk eowK gk;k Ykfbnk, j[D nk fwb ebrh tkfbnk. (ezpdh ebkJh)
jkfJ Bk Xohe ;k~ jkfJ t/ Bk wko fyZuK,jkfJ Bk so'V rb bZfrnK ~ gkghnk.jkfJ Bk s[ZDe/ wkohA, fyZu Bk cZNe d/ d/tfoQnK dh bZrh ;kvh s'V Bk ;okghnk. (bfjoK d/ jko)
nkU, fJ; ek\b/ Bkb s[o GkJh tho f;zx ih tKr nodk; eohJ/.w?A d[BhnK s'A fuZs uk fbnk, s/o/ uoBK Bkb brk fbnk.fJZe :kd s/oh B/ gkfbnk j[D nk fwb ebrh tkfbnk.w?A fdB ~ nkjK wkodh, frD sko/ oks r[}kodh.jkfJ o' o' firok rkfbnk, j[D nk fwb ebrh tkfbnk.eJh iBw rJ/ so;/AfdnK, frnk fJj th f;Ze f;e/AfdnK.e/jk eowK gk;k Ykfbnk, j[D nk fwb ebrh tkfbnk. (ezpdh ebkJh)
jkfJ Bk Xohe ;k~ jkfJ t/ Bk wko fyZuK,jkfJ Bk so'V rb bZfrnK ~ gkghnk.jkfJ Bk s[ZDe/ wkohA, fyZu Bk cZNe d/ d/tfoQnK dh bZrh ;kvh s'V Bk ;okghnk. (bfjoK d/ jko)
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;fenk j?. fuVhnK dh u{z-u{z, e'fJb dh e{-e{, p[bp[b, w'o, pphj/ ns/ j'o gzyhnK dh fwZmVh ntk} ftZu e'Jh t/dBk sK}o{o j[zdh j? go fJBQK ~ Fpdktbh gqdkB eoBh ns/ j}koK GkFktK ftZu ;{ywsk Bkb gVu'b eoB dh i[rfs wkBt B{z jhjk;b j'Jh j?.
fJ; vkfJo?eN'o/N d/ ndko/ ;kfjseko ;dB d/ nzsors fJ; rZb dk T[dw ehsk iKdk j? fe w"fbe ;kfjsetDrhnK eftsk, ejkDh, fJeKrh$BkNe, Bktb, b/y$fBpzX, y'i gZso, G/AN tkosk, jZYhA jzYkfJnK ;Zu nkfd d/ Bt/A
g[okD/ b/yeK B{z fJe wzu gqdkB ehsk ikt/ fi; ;dek T[;ko{ ;kfjs gqc[Zbs j't/.r[opkDh, ;kfjs dk ;q/FN o{g j?. r[opkDh y'i-ftuko s/ ;zuko e/Ado d/ nzsors pkDh d/ ftfGzB gZyK dh y'i dh ftt;Ek j?. fJ; ;pzXh
S'NhnK p?meK s'A b? e/ tZv/ ;?whBkoK ns/ g[;seK$y'i gqekFBktK d/ yoV/ gqtkBs eoB dk ekoi ehsk iKdk j?. e/Ado tb'A ftdtkBK B{z ftfGzB;?whBkoK ftZu y'i ekoi eoe/ gou/ g/F eoB bJh th T[sFkjs ehsk iKdk j?.
:[te fbykoh ;/X s/ f;ybkJh e/Ado tb'A :[te fbykohnK dhnK toeFkgK brk e/ ;[:'r ;zGkth b/yeK dh gSkD ehsh iKdh j? ns/ fJBQKB{z nrb/o/ e'o;K ftZu Fkwb eoe/ ;kfjse tksktoD gqdkB ehsk iKdk j?.
tZy-tZy ;kfjse ne?vwhnK, :{Bhtof;NhnK, ;kfjse e/AdoK, GkFk ftGkrK nkfd dhnK ;kfjse :'iBktK s/ w[fjzwK ftZu T[;ko{Fw{bhns eoB fjZs, ;kfjse skbw/b ehs/ ikD dh ftt;Ek j?.
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18nes{po 2006
smwijk Aqy ishq syvwvW fwierYktoryt
jkBh so}K #s/ ;wki nzdo ;[oskb ekfJw eoB bJh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih B/ GkJh wodkBk ih dh opkp dh X[zB T[Zs/ehosB ehsk. jfo ehosB dh ;[rks ;kvh ftok;s dh nBw'b t;s{ pDkJh. r[o{ ;kfjpkB B/ ;zrsK ekfJw eoe/ okrh,Ykvh, ;kfizd/, ebkeko s/ j[Bowzd ;zrhsekoK B{z ;ogq;sh fdZsh. r[opkDh dk okr-pZX rkfJD, ;zrsK nzdo fpp/e,t?okr, wkBtsk gqsh dod, fgnko-fsnkr ns/ ;/tk-f;woB d/ r[DK dh f;oiDk eodk nk fojk j?.
fJ; vkfJo?eN'o/N d/ nzsors gq'L gowi's f;zx ;Po ;w[zd dh ;[uZih nrtkJh ftZu ns/ ehosBhnK dh wkfjo Nhw;dek j/m fby/ ekoi ubkT[D dk T[gokbk j' fojk j?.
e/Adoh d\so fty/ ;Ekgs fJ; ne?vwh s/ nkekJht} ftZu gq'L gowi's f;zx j[ohA nkg jh ;'wtko s/ wzrbtko B{z p?m e/ ehosB dhf;ybkJh d/Ad/ jB. p[ZXtko s'A FfBuotko d{;o/ ;zrhs nfXnkge s/ ;jkfJe, ;/tk fBGkT[Ad/ jB.fJE/ nkoekJht} B{z BftnkT[D s/ ft;EkoB bJh eJh nB[wkB jB fiBQK B{z ;keko eoB bJh T[gokb/ b'VhAd/ jB.
;qL jopz; f;zx byBT{ (g?NoB), ;qL wfjzdo f;zx gqGkeo (gqXkB), ;qL nwoihs f;zx (whs gqXkB), ;qL pbgqhs f;zx (;eZso) s/ j'oBK;w{zj ehosBh thoK, G?DK, pkbK s/ pZfunK ;fjs fJj ftGkr j\sktkoh ehosB bVhnK ubkT[Adk j?.
;wo ;e{bK ftZu ns/ ftF/F e?AgK ftZu ehosB dh f;ybkJh b[fXnkDk, j[fFnkog[o ns/ j'o FfjoK ftZu pVh ;\bsk Bkb ubdh ojhj?. @;fjiX[B ehosB gqtko# gqki?eN nXhB vkL uoB ewb f;zx, ;qL pbgqhs f;zx, ;qL nwoihs f;zx N?e;bk, ;qL joGiB f;zx, joehos e"o,joftzdo e"o s/ j'oBK d/ ;w{je ehosB gqGkt Bkb wB sB o{j d/ y/V/ bJh ekoieow ehs/ iKd/ jB.
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GkJh ;w[zd f;zx r[owfs ;zrhs ne?vwh s/ nkoekJht} L
ehosB ftGkr L
ehosB f;ybkJh e?Ag L
GkJh ;w[zd f;zx r[owfs ;zrhs ne?vwh s/ nkoekJht} L
ehosB ftGkr L
ehosB f;ybkJh e?Ag L
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Fekw ;/tk gqG{ gqkgsh dk wkor j?. nekb g[oy dh f;oih ekfJBks, iht izs{, pB;gsh fi; ftZu nkg eoskg[oy fFds Bkb t; fojk j?, dh ;/tk ;zGkb nekb g[oy dh ;/tk j?. fJ; T[d/F ns/ wzst Bkb ;wkfie ns/ f;js ;/tktKvkfJo?eN'o/N, r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb tb'A tZy-tZy ekoi nkozG/ rJ/ jB. ;kvh gzEe j'Ad B{z j'oK s'A fJbktk d' w[Zyyso/ jB, BF/ ns/ }ksgks. }ksgks dhnK tzvhnK B/ gzE dh iE/pzde skes B{z ew}'o ehsk j?. }ksgks dhnK tzvhnK B{zmZbQ gkT[D bJh ns/ fJ; d/ wkV/ gqGktK pko/ ikro{e eoB bJh }ksgks SZv' w[fjzw dh f;oiBk ehsh rJh j?. jo e?Ag ns/r[owfs fenkohnK d"okB fJ; ftF/ #s/ tZy-tZy ftdtkBK tb'A ;o'fsnK Bkb ftuko ;KM/ ehs/ iKd/ jB.
BfFnK dh o'eEkw d/ y/so ftZu ;NZvh ;oeb tb'A fgSb/ ;fwnK d"okB T[Zxk :'rdkB gkfJnk ik fojk j?. fJ; t/b/ iE/pzdh gk; 3 BFkS[vkT{ e/Ado jB fiE/ BF/ eoB tkb/ o'rhnK dk fJbki ehsk ik fojk j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk ;z;ko Go ftZu fJ; ftF/ d/ wkfjoK tb'A tZy-tZy g/FekohnKdh wdd Bkb ikro{esk b?euo ehs/ ik oj/ jB.
fJ; s'A fJbktk e/Adoh i/bQ, b[fXnkDk fty/ 15 fdBK dk BFk S[vkT{ e?Ag brkfJnk frnk, fiE/ 50 s'A tZX woh}K dk fJbki ehsk frnk.szpke{ dh o'eEkw bJh fwFB fJzgbhw?ABN/FB sfjs ekoi ehs/ ik oj/ jB. fJ; s'A fJbktk vkfJo?eN'o/N tb'A tZy-tZy ftfFnK #s/ y'i eotkJh rJh.
;z;ko szpke{ fdt; ;w/A gzikp Go ftZu f}bQk eufjohnK fty/ F'e ;GktK nk:'fis ehshnK rJhnK fiE/ fJe ;kb d/ no;/ d"okB j'JhnK10 bZy GkoshnK dh szpke{ ;/tB eoe/ j'JhnK w"sK #s/ F'e wBkfJnk frnk ns/ j'oK B{z szpke{ s'A j'D tkb/ gqGktK pko/ ikro{e eotkfJnk frnk.fJe ftFk ftZu fJj d/fynk frnk fe 72% gzikph rkD/nFbhb jB, 56% rkfDnK ftZu BfFnK B{z tfvnkfJnk frnk j? idfe 26% rkfDnK ftZu iksK gksK B{z tXk uVQk e/ g/F ehsk frnk j?.
f;js ;/tktK B{z nkw b'eK sZe gj[zukD bJh GkJh xBQJhnk ;/tk fJzNoB?FBb tb'A w?vheb e?AgK s'A fJbktk, y{B dkB ns/ nZyK dkB bJhgq/fos ehsk iKdk j?. ;e{bK-ekbiK ftZu nkw phwkohnK, J/v} d/ o'eEkw ns/ c;N J/v pko/ ikDekoh fdZsh iKdh j?. gksFkj nZr/ nodk; j? fe;w{zj tho G?DK B{z j'o T[Zdw ns/ ;woZEk pyFD sK i' fJBQK ekoiK bJh j'o T[sFkj ns/ ;wogD Bkb fjZ;k gk ;eD.
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Study of Punjab Songs with reference to vulgarity, drug abuse and Casteism'
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gurmiq sMgIq Aqy kIrqn fwierYktoryt
;/tk eos j'fJ fBjekwh..;/tk eos j'fJ fBjekwh..
19nes{po 2006
�#2� �%����"� �%/�� ����0�
e f;nkDg dh T[swsk s'A n;hA ;de/ iKd/ jK id'A ;kB{z fttkj, gqtkoe foFs/, feZfsnK dh u'D, GkFk ns/eJh B?fse edoK d/ nkozGe t/fbnK pko/ ;'ud/ jK. b'eK tZb'A fe;/ th ezw d/ bJh nzsw c?;bk pVh ibdh BjhA ehskiKdk. T[j ekch ;w/A d/ fgZS'A ik e/ fe;/ ezw, o;w, ;z;Ek ns/ ftnesh B{z gqtkDs eod/ jB. b'eK tb'A fiBQK ezwK B{zBkeko fdZsk ikt/, T[j th j"bh j"bh nkgDh j'Ad ~ ]sw eo b?Ad/ jB. id'A n;hA b'eK dh w;{whns dh rZb eod/ jKsK ;kvh fJjh fJZSk j[zdh j? fe ;wki dk fJe gqGktFkbh fjZ;k nkgD/ ezw ftZu wZXw iK ;[;s j' frnk j?. go ;w/A d/nB[;ko fco s'A d/yD B{z fwbdk j? fe b'eK B/ nkgDh w{b f;nkDg B{z BjhA SZfvnk. i/ b'eK dh f;nkDg s'A n;hA bkjkb?Dk j't/ sK fJ; dk ;G s'A uzrk Yzr j? fe b'eK ftZu ftuohJ/. b'eK Bkb ;zgoe eohJ/. fi; bfjo, w[fjzw iK
ftukoe B/ ;\b j'Dk j't/ sK T[; B{z gfjbK b'eK d/ ftZu ikDk g?Adk j?. b'e-nXko w}p{s eoB bJh pV/ f;oV, JhwkBdkoh, ;/tk GktBk s/w[skfbnk-Fesh dh b'V j[zdh j?.
r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb B/ fgSb/ ;kY/ fszB djkfenK s'A b'eK ftZu ik e/ nkgDh t/dBk ejh j?. b'eK B/ fJ; e"wKsoh ;z;Ek dkfgzv gZXo #s/ ezw eoB dk Yzr th gqtkB ehsk j? ns/ :{B?;e' d/ FKsh d{s ti'A GkJhukoe J/esk ;Ekgs eoB dh rshftXh B{z th ;kbkfjnkj?. b'eK B/ ;w/A-;w/A #s/ fJ; ;zrmB dh nb'uDk th ehsh j? s/ ;oeb B/ b'eK tb'A ehsh Nhek fNZgDh s'A th ;/X jk;b ehsh j?.
;NZvh ;oeb dh b'e ;zgoe Bhsh fJ; soQK pDkJh rJh j? fe ftfdne s/ ;wkfie-;fGnkukoe-Xkofwe y/so d/ gqfsFm ;ZiDK,gqFkFeK, nB[Gth ftdtkBK s/ ;kfjsekoK dhnK ;/tktK s'A bkjk gqkgs ehsk ikt/. :{Bhtof;NhnK d/ toswkB ns/ ;kpek T[ge[bgshnK,vhB, vkfJo?eNo, ftGkrK d/ w[Zyh, f}bQk gqFkFD d/ b'e ;/te nc;oK, eowukohnK, f;js ftGkr d/ n\;oK, ekbiK d/ fgqz;hgb ;kfjpkB,;e{b w[ZyhnK, gqpzXeK, gq'c?;o ;kfjpkB, nfXnkgeK, vkeNo ;kfjpkB, g?ok w?vheb ;Nkc, tgkohnK, T[d:'rgshnK, feoshnK,ftfdnkoEhnK nkfd ;GBK b'eK d/ gqshfBZXK Bkb ;w/A-;w/A #s/ ;zgoe pDkfJnk iKdk j?. :sB fJj' j[zdk j? fe ;NZvh ;oeb d/ ;wkfieGbkJh d/ ekoiK s'A b'eK B{z ikD{ eotkfJnk ikJ/. fi; fe;/ B/ th e/Adoh d\so iK }'Bb d\soK ftZu ik e/ ;zuko ns/ ;/tk d/ ekoiK dkftFb/FD ehsk, T[; B/ jh jK-gZyh j[zrkok fdZsk.
Xkofwe y/so ftZu Fq'wDh r[od[nkok gqpzXe ew/Nh d/ fBZx/ ;fj:'r, ;qh nekb s]s ;kfjp dh ;ogq;sh, j'oBK ew/NhnK s/;z;EktK d/ fwbtosB ;dek ;NZvh ;oeb tZb'A r[opkDh ns/ nwho f;Zy fto;/ s'A gq/oBk bJh iKdh j?.
fjzd{ Xow, fJ;bkw, Jh;kJhns ns/ j'oBK XowK d/ ftdtkBK Bkb th ;op Xow ;zw/bBK ftZu ftuko j[zdh ofjzdh j? s/ ftFt nwBekfJw eoB bJh s/ J/v} s/ BfFnK s'A ;wki B{z pukT[D bJh gqGktFkbh o;sk bZfGnk iKdk j?.
b'jn sMprk fwierYktoryt
Sb/ v/Y djke/ s'A Gkos nzdo s/}h Bkb ;{uBk seBkb'ih dk g;kok s/ XkoBk j'Jh j?. o/bt/, jtkpk}h, tgko,p?Afezr, f;Zfynk, y'i s/ ;[oZfynk nkfd y/soK ftZu ezfgT{NoheoB j'D Bkb fJBebkph spdhbhnK t/yD B{z fwbhnK jB.;z;ko d/ nzdo ;zgoe eoBk pVk ;"yk s/ ;fji j' frnk j?. fJb?eNq'fBe; s/ fvihNb eqKsh B{z ;NZvh ;oeb B/ th nkgD/;zrmB dh ;zgoe :'rsk ftZu tkXk eoB bJh ns/ ftFt Go ftu'A nk oj/ frnkB gqtkj B{z g[D-SkD e/ tZy-tZyvkfJo?eN'o/NK dh tos'A ftuko bJh w[jZJhnk eokT[Dk fJ; fBod/Fkbk dk ssekbh wzst j?. seBheh gqpzXD d[nkok nfsnkX[fBe ;j{bsK gqkgs eoB tZb fXnkB fdZsk iKdk j?.
e/Adoh d\so d/ tZy-tZy ftGkrK dk ezfgT{No B?Ntoe ;Ekgs ehsk frnk j?, pokv p?Av fJzNoB?N T[gbGd j?.e/Adoh d\so d/ ;Nk\, vkfJo?eN'o/NK d/ ;/tkdkoK, }'BK ns/ ;N/NK d/ u'Dt/A w?ApoK B{z BthB seBkb'ih dh f;Zfynk d/D bJh toeFkgKb[nkT[DhnK.;bkJhv F'n, gkto g[nkfJzN, NoK;g/o?A;h} nkfd dh f;ybkJh d/Dh.
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sUcnw qknwlojI fwierYktoryt
20nes{po 2006
smwijk AiDkwirqw Aqy AwriQk ivkws fwierYktoryt
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XzB ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih s'A b? e/ d;w r[o{ ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih sZe r[o{ ;kfjpkB B/ T[Zu/-;[Zu/ ;wki ~ f;oiDbJh b'ekJh B{z nfXnkswe s"o #s/ gqpb ns/ w}p{s eoB bJh ;wkfie ns/ nkofEe ftt;Ek B{z pj[s BhM ns/ pkohehBkb ;wfMnk ns/ T[; ftt;Ek B{z mhe eoB bJh fJ; dhnK ;kohnK w[FebK nkgD/ fBZi s/ jzYkJhnK ns/ wB[Zysk B{zo'}kBk ihtB s'A jh T[dkjoDK ns/ fuzBQK B{z b? e/ ;wMkfJnk. nkg y/shpkVh ehsh, jZN ubkfJnk, B"eoh ehsh, x[{rDhnKt/uhnK, tgko ehsk ns/ Bkb Bkb ;Zuk tgko th ehsk. tzv SeD dhnK rZbK jh BjhA ehshnK pbfe nkg eoe/fdykfJnk. d;tzX T[jBK s/oK-s/oK ftZu jh eZY fdZsk. bzro ubk e/ ;wkfie ns/ nkofEe pokpoh dk jZe fdZsk. ;qh r[o{
rqzE ;kfjp ftZu th fJBQK feosh ns/ r[owfs ;'u d/ nB[;koh GrsK dh jh pkDh FF'ps ehsh. i' cb;ck ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih B/ wB[Zysk B{z fdZsk,T[j j? @@feos eo', Bkw ig' ns/ tzv Se'.##
nfXnkswtkd dh F[o{nks th feos s'A jh j?. gowskwk, @eosk g[oy# fi; d/ j[ew ftZu ;kok pqfjwzv ub fojk j? nkg fJ; g{o/ pqfjwzv d/ekoiK dh d/y-o/y eo fojk j?. Grs Bkwd/t ih B/ sK jh sK fejk j? L
r[o{ ;kfjpkB dh ;wki gqsh fJsBh ;zt/dFhbsk T[jBK dk wB[Zysk gqsh nEkj fgnko ns/ ;B/j dk fpnkB j?.r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb d/ ;zt/dBFhb ns/ wB[Zysk d/ Gb/ dh ;'u oZyD tkb/ thoK B/ r[o{ ;kfjpkB d/ nkdoFe ihtB ns/ r[opkDh s'A
;/X b? e/ ftuko ehsh fe fet/A nZi d/ gdkoEtkdh :[Zr ftZu nkofEe s"o #s/ gZSV u[Ze/ gfotkoK B{z r[o{ ;fkjp tb'A pyFh j'Jh r[owfs ;'u okjhAT[jBK B{z th ;wkfie pokpoh d/ gZXo #s/ fbnKdk ikt/. ni'e/ ;w/A gzikphnK ftZu BF/ dh tos'A ns/ gfssg[D/ dh bfjo uZbh j'Jh j?. fJ; d/ Gkt/AeJh ekoD jB go fJBQK ftZu'A i' gqw[Zy ekoB fdZ;dk j? T[j j? nkofEe szrh iK ew}'oh. fJe pj[s jh tZvh ns/ dog/F w[Ffeb fJj j? fe fijV/gzikph nZi sZe fwjBseFh ftu'A f;ow"o wzB/ iKd/ jB T[jBK ftZu'A feos eoB dh o[uh ]sw j' ojh j?. Gkt/A fJ; d/ th eJh ekoD jB fe fwjBseoe/ th b'VhAdh w}d{oh Bk fwbDk iK y/shpkVh ftu'A f}nkdk nkwdB Bk j'Dh, gVQ/ fby/ j'D #s/ th uzrhnK B"eohnK Bk fwbDhnK nkfd. b'eK dkpkjob/ w[beK tZb M[ekn f}nkdk j[zdk ik fojk j?. fJ; p/o[}rkoh ns/ nkofEe szrh eoe/ B"itkB ghVQh, @i' fe ;"y/ sohe/ Bkb oks' oks nwhopDBk ukj[zd/ jB#, ibdh jh ;wkfie p[okJhnK dk fFeko j' iKdh j?. fJjBQK dog/F w[FfebK B{z rzGhosk Bkb ;wMd/ j'J/, r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh;oeb tb'A nkofEe gZy s'A gSV/ b'eK B{z ;jh ikDekoh ns/ T[jBK B{z nkgD/ nkofEe t;hfbnK B{z tXkT[D bJh ;jh fdFk d/D bJh ;wkfienfXekfosk ns/ nkofEe ftek; vkfJo?eN'o/N dh ;EkgBk ehsh rJh j?. fJ; vkfJo?eN'o/N d/ w[Zy T[d/F jB L
1H y/shpkVh ;pzXh j?bg bkJhB F[o{ eoBk. fJ; j?bg bkJhB ftZu y/shpkVh ns/ y[oke ;pzXh feZfsnK ns/ gq'i?eNK dh ikDekoh d/D bJhy/shpkVh Bkb ;pzXs ikDekoK dh ew/Nh fsnko eoBk sK i' ;w/A ;w/A f;o T[j y/shpkVh ftZu nk ojhnK spdhbhnK ns/ BthA
@@jkE gkT[ efo ekw[ ;G[ uhs[ fBoziB Bkfb..##
fJBQK T[d/FK B{z g{ok eoB bJh vkfJo?eN'o/N tb'A j/m fbyh ekoiftXh pDkJh rJh j?L
feos eoBk, Bkw igDk ns/ tzv SeD #s/ nXkos L
e?ohno n?Av fvt?bgw?AN L
1H nkofEe s"o #s/ gZSV/ j'J/ rohp gfotkoK dk nkofEe gZXo T[Zuk u[ZeDk sK i' T[j d't/A tes dh o'Nh ns/ f}zdrh dhnK }o{oh t;sKnkokw Bkb gqkgs eo ;eD.
2H p/o[}rkoK bJh o[}rko d/ ;kXB w[jZJhnk eotkT[D/.3H ftfdnkoEhnK B{z ni'e/ ;w/A ftZu gquZbs ftfFnK pko/ g{oh ikDekoh d/Dh ns/ T[BQK B{z T[BQK dhnK o[uhnK, y{phnK ns/ ;wM w[skpe
e?ohno pko/ fdFk-fBod/F eoBk.4H ;P?-o[}rko bJh T[sFkfjs eoBk ns/ b'VhAdh ;jkfJsk eoBh.5H e'-nkgo/fNt (;fjekosk) wkoehfNzr pko/ ns/ fJ; d/ ;zGkts bkGK pko/ ikDekoh gqkgs eoe/ r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb okjhA fJ;
fwFB B{z F[o{ eoBk.
1H pZfunK B{z Bt/A ns/ g[okD/ ftfFnK pko/ ikDekoh d/Dk ns/ ;oekoh$r?o;oekoh ;ehwK sfjs pZfunK B{z fwbD tkbhnK ;j{bsK ns/okFhnK pko/ ikDekoh d/Dk.
2H pZfunK Bkb f;ZXk ;zgoe eoe/ T[BQK dhnK o[uhnK, r[DK ns/ fdwkrh gZXo pko/ ikDekoh b?Dk.3H pZfunK B{z t'e/FBb e'o;K pko/ ikDekoh d/ e/ gkoN NkJhw B"eoh bJh T[sFkfjs eoBk.
@@jkE gkT[ efo ekw[ ;G[ uhs[ fBoziB Bkfb..##
feos eoBk, Bkw igDk ns/ tzv SeD #s/ nXkos L
e?ohno n?Av fvt?bgw?AN L
fJBQK T[d/FK B{z g{ok eoB bJh vkfJo?eN'o/N tb'A j/m fbyh ekoiftXh pDkJh rJh j?L
21nes{po 2006
seBkb'ih, ph}K iK j'o BthnK c;bK, gq'i?eNK pko/ fe;kBK B{z gq/os eo ;eD.2H pZfunK bJh e?ohno ns/ rkJhv?A; dh j?bg bkJhB F[o{ eoBk. fi; ftZu pZfunK B{z T[jBK dhnK y{phnK ns/ o[uhnK nB[;ko nrb/oh
gVQkJh bJh ftfFnK dh u'D eotkT[Dk, T[jBK B{z e?ohno tk;s/ rkJhv?A; d/Dh ns/ T[jBQK B{z ;e{bK$ekbiK ftZu gVQkJh d"okB ns/gVQkJh s'A pknd fe; feZs/ ftZu B"eoh d/ w"e/ j'Dr/, pko/ ikDekoh d/Dk. bJh ;b/p; ns/ }o{oh fNg; dh ikDekohd/Dk.
3H ;?whBko eoe/ pZfunK ns/ B"itkBK B{z feos eoB bJh gq/oBk ns/ t'e/FBb e'o; eoB bJh T[sFkfjs eoBk sK i' pZfunK ftZunkofEe fBoGosk dh ;'u g?dk j' ;e/.
4H ;fjekosk ns/ ;P?-o'}rko ~ T[sFkfjs eoBk.5H bJh fJe tXhnk gb/Nckow fsnko eoBk.6H ;oekoh$r?o ;oekoh$ftZsh ;z;EktK nkfd s'A fwbD tkbhnK ftF/F ;j{bsK pko/ ikDekoh d/Dh.fJj vkfJo?eN'o/N ;kb nes{po 2005 ftZu j'Ad ftZu nkfJnk fi; ftZu dk; s'A fJbktk vkL w'fjzdo f;zx, vkL nwoihs e"o ps"o n?vhFBb
vkfJo?eNo d/ ;/tk fBGkn oj/ jB. feT[Afe fJj vkfJo?eN'o/N dh T[wo ni/ w;K jh fJe ;kb dh j? ns/ ekoi pj[s ftFkb j?, b/feB r[o{ gksFkjdh feqgk ;dek vkfJo?eN'o/N tb'A ekoi brksko ikoh jB. fJ;/ ;kb n?ro' j?bg bkJhB F[o{ ehsh ik u[Zeh j?. fi; ftZu n?e;goN vkLn?wHn?;HfrZb, vkL n?;Hn?;H ;'yh, vkL i/Hn?;H e[bko pky{ph ;/tk fBGkn oj/ jB. N?bh\'B s/ iK fBZih g[ZSfrZS B{z pj[s jh ;[uZi/ Yzr Bkb;[bMkfJnk ik fojk j? ns/ tZX s'A tZX e'fFF ehsh iKdh j? fe jo soQK d/ ;tkbK d/ n?e;goN; okjhA p/jsohB ;[Mkn fdZs/ ikD. vkfJo?eN'o/N tb'AeJh fgzvK ftZu d"ok th ehsk frnk ns/ vkL n?wHn?;H (frZb) tb'A brkJ/ rJ/ gq'i?eNK dk s}opk th fbnk.
fJ;/ ;kb d/jokd{B e?Ag ftu vkfJo?eN'o/N tb'A feos eoB ns/ ;jh ;pi?eN (ftF/) dh u'D ns/ e?ohno ;pzXh ftF/ #s/ b?euo th ehskfrnk. e?ohno ns/ ftfFnK dk brksko fJzNoB?N ns/ j'o t;hfbnK s'A vkNk fJeZso ehsk ik fojk j? sK i' ibdh jh e?ohno ;pzXh j?bg bkJhBF[o{ ehsh ik ;e/. fJ; B{z ibdh s'A ibdh B/go/ ukVQD bJh vkfJo?eN'o/N d/ d\so ;eZso ;qL oftzdo f;zx dh fB:[esh ehsh rJh j? i' brkskoBt/A-Bt/A ftfFnK pko/ ikDekoh fJeZmh eo oj/ jB. (i[bkJh s'A j[D sZe vkfJo?eN'o/N tb'A gVQkJh d/ ftfFnK$y/shpkVh ns/ o[}rko ;pzXh 90 d/eohp ;tkbK dk itkp fdZsk frnk j?. iB ;zgoe vkfJo?eN'o/N Bkb fwb e/ ;'fJnkphB ns/ fJ; d/ gq'veN; ;pzXh ikDekoh w[jZJhnk eotkJhrJh. ;kvk fto;k ;kvk r"ot w?r}hB ftZu th brksko feos ;pzXh nkoNheb fdZsk ik fojk j?. fJ;/ bVh ftZu y/shpkVh;pzXh, e?ohno rkJhv?A; ;pzXh ns/ fJzv;Nqh} ;pzXh ikDekoh fdZsh ikt/rh.
(1) n?ro' p/;v j?bg bkJhB d/ Bkb Bkb fgzvK ftZu ik e/ T[E'A d/ t;BheK B{z y/shpkVh ;pzXh BthA ikDekoh d/Dh ns/ feos eoB bJhgq/oBk.
(2) wkvb fgzv d/ B{z T[sFkfjs eoB bJh e'Jh fJe fgzv u[D e/ T[; B{z jo gZy'A wkvb fgzv pBkT[Dk.(3) e?ohno rkJhv?A; j?bg bkJhB F[o{ eoBk.(4) ;e{bK$ekbiK ftZu ;?whBko eoe/ pZfunK B{z feos eoB bJh gq/oBk, ftfFnK ns/ e?ohno ;pzXh ikDekoh d/Dh.(5) Xkofwe ;EkB ns/ ftfdne ndkfonK B{z nfij/ fJBcow/FB ;?ANo pBkT[D bJh gq/oBk.(6) ;oekoh$r?o ;oekoh$ftZsh ;z;EktK s'A fwbD tkbhnK ;j{bsK pko/ ;KM/ ;?whBko eoB/.
pkeh d/ T[d/FK w[skpe nZr/ nkT[D tkb/ ;kbK ftZu nekb g[oy ih dh feqgk ;dek ekoi ehs/ ikDr/. tkfjr[o{ feqgk eo/ ns/ nkg ;Gnekb g[oy nZr/ i'dVh eoBk ih fe i' ekoi$;/tk gqG{ nkg nkgD/ pZfunK s'A, ;/teK s'A eotk fojk j?, gqG{ ih dh feqgk pDh oj/ ns/ fJj tho G?DKdk ek\bk r[o{ fgnkfonK dh ;/tk eodk oj/. gziK ftekoK ns/ yk; eoe/ jT[w? dh w?b nkg nkgD/ ;/teK dh }o{o XT[Ad/ ofjDk ih.
competitive exams
Employers and job seekers
concept
vkfJo?eN'o/N tb'A
nrb/ ;kb bJh ekoi:'iBk
r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb fgSb/ fszB djkfenK s'A ;wki;/th ekoiK dh g{osh bJh d;tzX ns/ j'o ;z;EktK s'Afwbh ;jkfJsk B{z tos e/ ;wki ;/th ekoiK dh g{osh eodk nk fojk j?. fJBQK ekoiK ~ ;[uZi/ Yzr Bkb ubkT[D ns/ ft;EkobJh j'o wkfJe ;jkfJsk dh b'V B{z wfj;{; eofdnK J/fvv gq'i?eN; vkfJo?eN'o/N B{z j'Ad ftZu fbnKdk frnk. fJ;vkfJo?eN'o/N dk w[Zy wzst ;NZvh ;oeb bJh j'o ftZsh t;hfbnK B{z fJeZsos eoBk j?. j'o ftZsh ;kXB fJeZso eoB bJhfJ; vkfJo?eN'o/N tb'A Bt/A gqki?eN ftT[As/ ns/ xV/ iKd/ jB. fco ;oekoh ns/ r?o-;oekoh ;z;EktK dh Gkb eoe/ T[BQK d/w[skfpe gqki?eN ftZu b'VhAdhnK spdhbhnK ehshnK iKdhnK jB ns/ T[BQK ;z;EktK d/ ;bkj wFto/ Bkb nzsw o{g fdZsk
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22nes{po 2006
iKdk j?. gqki?eN dh gqtkBrh s'A pknd ftZsh ;jkfJsk fwbDh F[o{ j' iKdh j?. fJ; ;kb (2006-2007) fJ; vkfJo?eN'o/N tb'A uko Bt/A gqki?eNfbnKd/ rJ/. r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb tb'A fJ; s'A gfjbK uko gqki?eN ;\bsk g{ote ubkJ/ ik oj/ jB. Bt/A ns/ gfjb/ s'A ub oj/ gqki?eNj/m fbyhnK ;z;EktK d/ ;fj:'r Bkb ubkJ/ ik oj/ jB L
e/Adoh }'B ftZsh ;jkfJsk gqkgs eoB bJh Bt/ ;q'sK dh fBozso Gkb eodk ofjzdk j?. GftZy bJh ;kvk fJj ftuko j? fe ;NZvh ;oeb d/ j'o}'B nkgD/ }'B dhnK b'VK B{z w[Zy oZy e/ Bt/A gq'i?eNK dh f;oiBk eoB. vkfJo?eN'o/N nkc J/fvv gqki?eN fJBQK gqki?eN; bJh ftZsh ;jkfJskT[gbpX eoB bJh :sB eo/rk. fJBQK gq'i?eNK B{z pBkT[D bJh g{oh ikDekoh e/Adoh }'B s'A gqkgs ehsh ik ;edh j?. fJBQK gqki?eN; B{z gZe/ g?ohA}'B ftZu ubkT[D bJh }'B ftZu e[ZM p[fBnkdh b'VK }o{oh jB, fit/A fe }'B dk nkgDk d\so, uzrh wkfJe ;fEsh, ;/tk bJh ekoieosktK dkj'Dk ns/ ekoieosktK dk ftfdne gZXo fJfsnkfd. fJBQK gZyK dh iku bJh e/Adoh }'B tb'A fJe gq'ckowk pDkfJnk frnk j?, fi; nB[;ko }'BnkgDh ;fEsh B{z gqki?eN ubkT[D :'r pDk e/ Bt/A gqki?eN ubk ;eDr/.
;oekoh ;z;EktK
r?o-;oekoh ;z;EktK
1.
2.
1.
2.
Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
Ministry of Culture
Society for promotion of youth and masses
Society for service to voluntary agencies
fJBQK T[gob/ gqki?eNK s'A fJbktk fJe pj[s tZvk gqki?eN ftd/Fh ;jkfJsk Bkb ubkT[D bJh T[bhfenk frnk j?. fJe j'o gqki?eN pZfunKftZu B?fse f;Zfynk d/ gq;ko bJh d/ ;fj:'r Bkb ubkD bJh T[bhfenk frnk j?.
s/ gqki?eN nwohek ;fEs dh wdd Bkb ubkT[D bJh :sB nkozG/rJ/ jB.
Human Resource Development Ministry HIV/AIDS
Awareness and Risk reduction Bill and Millinda Gates Foundation
;oekoh ;z;EktK
r?o-;oekoh ;z;EktK
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j[D sZe fsnko j'J/ ;bkJhv F'n
1H ;ko/ }'BK ~ nkgD/ fJbkfenK ftZu g/F eoB bJh ;efogNK gqdkB eoBhnK.2H gkto g[nkfJzN g/Fekoh (ezfgT{No ;bkJhv F'n)3H ;hvh} dk fBowkD
wbNhwhvhnk ftGkrl ;ko/ vkfJo?eN'o/NK B{z wbNhwhvhnk ;jkfJsk s/ skbw/b gqdkB eoB bJh tuBpZX j?.;ko/ e?AgK s/ fenkohnK d/ bJh gkto g[nkfJzN b?euo} fsnko eoe/ ;pzXs ftGkrK$}'BK$:{fBNK ~ d/D/.;bkJhv F'n fsnko eoB/ s/ fJBQK B{z g/FeofsnK dh f;ybkJh d/Dh.t?p;kJhN T[Zs/ gkT[D bJh w[cs vkT{Bb'v eoB fjZs wkBt GbkJh dhnK g/FekohnK.ebkswe T[Zusk tkbhnK ;hvh} fsnko eoB s/ fJBQK B{z tkip tgkoe x/o/ ftZu fbnkT[D bJh gqwkDs eoBk.ihtB ebk ns/ F];hns ftek; d/ pko/ wbNhwhvhnk g/FekohnK fsnko eoe/ d/DhnK.BkNe ftGkrl wzu g/Fekoh d/ bJh xZN, dofwnkB/ ns/ T[Zuh bkrs d/ BkNe$fJeKrh fsnko eoB bJh ;/X d/Dh. ;efogN; gqdkBeoBhnK, ebkekoK dh u'D eoBh, }'BK$y/soK ns/ fJekJhnK ftZu BkNe wzvbhnK B{z g/FekohnK eoB bJh ;/X d/Dh s/ skbw/b eoBk.e/Adoh gZXo #s/ ;efogN p?Ae s/ w?Nhohnb p?Ae pDk e/ }'BK B{z gqdkB eoB bJh fsnko eoBk.BkNeK s'A nZr/ tZX e/ S'NhnK s/ tZvhnK fcbwK fsnko eoB dk T[dw eoBk.
1H fJ;soh Go{D jZfsnk ;pzXh fJ;soh dh G{fwek 2H f;Zy fJfsjk; ftZu fJ;soh 3H e/; gq;zr 4H ihtB ebk 5H ofjs wo:kdk6H BFhbhnK dtkJhnK$szpke{$Fokp d/ wkV/ gqGkt
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23nes{po 2006
thH ;hvh} fobh} tk;s/
g/FekohnK1H r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp 2 H r[o{ noiB d/t ih 3H f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk 4H d;sko 5H okr (31 okrK dh fusoktbh)
nzfwqs, wkdk Go{D jZfsnk, gqj/} s/ e"wKsoh i[rfs-J/v} ezNo'b, f;Zy s'A ykb;k, ;kyhnK, BFk y'oh fJbki:'r o'r j?, ihtB ebk, BF/dh tkdh, f;Zyh d/ w[ZYb/ f;XKs, ;t:/, ykb;k, w{b wzso, oZph gops, wkg/, nzsohth FKsh, e/;K dh fcbk;ch, f;Zy fcbk;ch, r[o{ BkBe dhnKf;ZfynktK, Fokp dh tZvh wko, gqt/F BFk, szpke{ wko/, BFk y'oh-fJe tZvh ;wZf;nk, BFk y'oh ns/ BF/ dh tkdh dk fJbki, d;sko, fttkj dhnK;[rksK, fJ;soh, feos dh wjkBsk, feos, 1984 dk f;Zy fto'Xh esb/nkw, gzi B?fse d'F, f;Zyh d/ w[ZYb/ f;XKs, f;Zy Xow dhnK ftF/FsktK,f;Zyh d/ fBokb/ bZSD, ftFtk;, ;zgsh, GktBk, F[eokBk s/ w[esh, ;XkoB ihtB s/ f;Zyh, ihtB dh wzf}b, oZp, r[owfs ihtB iku-s/ik f;zx,r[owfs ihtB iku, r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp, r[o{ BkBe, e/;K dh wjZssk, ig[ih d/ gzi yzv, w"s fgS'A f}zdrh, f;Zyh dh b'V, fgnko d/ nwb s/eow eKvK d/ yzvB dh b'V, Xow ns/ soe, f;ZyK dh fBseko, ;/tk, f;Zy fbftzr gzikph, f;Zy ihtB iku, f;Zy Fjhd, nzso Xow ;pzXh g/Fekoh,f;Zy fJfsjk;, Fjhd s/ ;{opho, f;Zyh ns/ ftfrnkB, f;Zyh ;pzXh ;bkJhv F'n, wo:kdk, wkBth J/esk, ;[Zuh ihtB ikue d/ G/d, ftfdnkoEhnKdk ;otgZyh ftek;, pkoKwkj.
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iv`qI vsIly pRbMD fwierYktoryt
o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb dk nzsookFNoh ;o{g ns/ fdZy ;ko/ ;z;ko ftZu o{gwkB ns/ fdqFNwkB j' ;eD dk;pZp tkfjr[o{ dh pyfFF ;dek ;[j/bk j' u[Zek j?, fJ; Bkb iZE/pzdh d/ ;ko/ vkfJo?eN'o/N ftzr ndko/ ekoiFhb ns/ft;Eko-tkbsk tZb fBZro T[;ko{ edw j'o nr/o/ tXk oj/ jB. ftZs ftGkr dh i[zw/tkoh j'o th shpo ns/ wx ojh j?.ftZs ftGkr tZb'A iZE/pzdh d/ ;ko/ b/y/-i'y/ ~ gkodoFh, ftt/eFhb, ;ziwsk ns/ itkp-d/jh #s/ nXkfos eoB fjZs fdqV
;zebg j' e/ ;zftXkB nB[;ko ekoi ehs/ ik oj/ jB. iZE/pzdh d/ ekoiK dk ft;Eko ;z;ko gZXo #s/ pj[-fdFkth ns/ pj[-wzibh j' fojk j?. ;kpsedwh Bkb iZE/pzdh dk tZX fojk ftek; pj[-nekoh ftZsh ;kXB b'udk s/ Gk;dk j?. ftZs ftGkr uh\ nkor/BkJh}o fgqzL okw f;zx ih ns/ uh\;eZso vkL uoB ewb f;zx ih dh ;[:'r ns/ ftFkb fdqFNh tkbh nrtkJh ns/ ;[gohw e"A;b d/ fdFk fBod/FK nB[;ko GftZy-w[Zyh ftZsh ;kXBK~ ;zi'D ns/ gqkgs eoB tk;s/ Bt/A fBo'J/ fd;jZd/ sbkF fojk j?, fiBQK ;pzXh ;zy/g o{g ftZu p/Bsh eoB dh y[Fh gqkgs eo fojk jK.
ftZsh ;kXBK ~ j'o ;[fdqV eoB tk;s/ Gkos ;oeko, gzikp ;oeko d/ ;wkfie GbkJh, f;js, f;Zfynk, o[}rko ns/ j'o nB/eK ;ehwKs/ gq'i?eNK d/ nXhB seBheh s"o #s/ :'rsk ;fjs gq'i?eN ;oeko gk; G/i/ ik u[Ze/ jB. BFk S[vkT{ e/Ado j'o y'b/ ik oj/ jB, fiBQK d/ wkfXnwokjhA iZE/pzdh o[}rko s/ ftZsh ;kXB gqkgs eo/rh. gzikp dhnK gqw[Zy ;z;EktK, F'qwDh r[od[nkok gqpzXe ew/Nh, fdZbh f;Zy r[od[nkok gqpzXeew/Nh, j}{o ;kfjp fvt?bgw?AN p'ov Bkb GkJh ekBQ f;zx BkGk fJz;NhfuT{N nk\ fjT{wB fo;'o; fvt?bgw?AN, j'o gq'i?eNK, w[fjzwK ns/gqkEfwesktK tk;s/ ;kofEe ns/ nkofEe ftuko tNKdok ehsk ik fojk j?. feT[Afe iZE/pzdh dk T[d/F s/ T[gokbk j/we[zN ;kfjp fizBh T[ukJh dhsKx oydk j?, fJ; eoe/ nzsookFNoh ;jkfJsk b'VhAdh nsh }o{oh j?. fJ; gqEkfJ fpbr?N ckT{Av/FB, wfbzvk ckT{Av/FB, c'ov ckT{Av/FB ns/ :{n?B U dhnK ;z;EKtK Bkb T[BQK d/ gZXoK dh fbysh ftuko tZy-tZy fJb?eNq'fBe whvhnk d/ ;kXBK okjhA ehsh ik ojh j?. fJ; d/ pj[s ;kofEe ns/Gog{o Bshi/ ;Zu/ gksFkj dh pyfFF Bkb o{gwkB j'Dr/.
vkL uoB ewb f;zx ih d/ vhw g'qi?eN gfotkoe ;zgoe w[fjzw okjhA :{fBN gZXo #s/ nkofEe w}p{sh tkbk gq'rokw 34t/A ;kbkBk e/Adoh;wkrw #s/ g/F ehsk ik fojk j?. ftZs ftGkr dk ;w[Zuk ekoi ;qL jfozdo f;zx ;hH J/H ns/ ;qL sob'uB f;zx ;hH J/H ns/ j'o r[of;Zy nkofEewkfjoK d/ ;fj:'r Bkb gkodoFsk ns/ p?Afezr gqDkbh dh so} s/ o;hd p[ZeK s/ p?bz; FhN }'B tkJhi s/ :{fBN gZXo dk ftZs f;;Nw dk ykeknkT[Ad/ toQ/ ftZu ikoh ehsk ik fojk j?. p?bz; FhN ;NZvh ;oeb dh t?Zp ;kJhN #s/ fdykJh ik ;e/ ns/ ;kbkBk p}N dh g/Fekoh fij/ fBoD/ ftukonXhB jB. r[opkDh d/ T[go'es f;ob/y tkb/ wjKtke dh nrzwh GktBk nB[;ko ftZs ftGkr ;zrsK dhnK n;h;K s/ ;fj:'r Bkb ub fojk j?.w/oh fBwkD/ ;/te ti'A ;Zu/ gksFkj d/ uoBK ftZu no}'Jh s/ nodk; j? fe ;Zu/ gksFkj ;kvh iZE/pzdh ~, @@jZE iZE/pzdh dk s/ yh;k s/ok##, dh nihwpyfFF eoB.
r[i?;k fps[ s?;k j'fJ tos? ng[Bk pb[ Bjh jko?..i?;k fps[ s?;k j'fJ tos? ng[Bk pb[ Bjh jko?..
24
SUN HOUSE, Q-10, HAUZ KHAS, NEW DELHI-16
Phone : 91-11-26563344, 26562979 , 26565790, 26863118(O)
Mobile : 098100-61111, Fax : 91-11-26964950, 26966370
M/S SUN INTERNATIONAL
SUN GROUP
S.VIKRAMJIT SINGHS.VIKRAMJIT SINGH
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nes{po 2006
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Xow ftjbVg[D/ ~ Ffj BjhA d/Adk ;r'A dh ns/dh skehd eodk j?.
r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp dk frnkB wB[Zy B{z fgSKj fyZu{ s/ soZeh d/ okj ftZu o'e BjhA pDkT[Adk ;r'AT[; B{z j'o nr/o/ tXD ns/ ftfrnkBhnK B{z bZGD dhg/qoBk eodk j?.n;hA ;wkfie spdhbh d/ g{oh soQK jkwh jK. y{B yokp/ Bkb BjhA, wkBf;e spdhbh Bkb, ;{MBkb, ;fGnsk Bkb, d?th p'bK d/ gqekF Bkb.ubkehnK, j[fFnkohnK s/ f;nkDg Bkb ihtB nkBzdwJh BjhA pD ;edk, ;r'A nkg/ ftZuftFkbsk fbnk e/, o{jkBh S'jK jk;b eoe/ ns/ f;woB d[nkok ;PQ?-;'X eoe/ jh ;\b;zs[fbs ihtB ihftnk ik ;edk j?.
@@e/s/ fJzd uzd ;{o e/s/ e/s/ wzvb d/;##
feos ftos eo Xow xkfb ykfJ feS[ jEj[d/fJ
feos ftos eo Xow xkfb ykfJ feS[ jEj[d/fJ
@@e/s/ fJzd uzd ;{o e/s/ e/s/ wzvb d/;##
October 2006
Editorial
Guru Nanak Ji spoke such in Asa ki var "so kyon manda
akhiay, jit jamai rajaan", why she be condemned who gives birth
to kings or great persons, Guru Nanak raised his voice against
the irresponsible behaviour of the society at that time towards
women who had been oppressed, downgraded and exploited
over the ages by the male dominated society. Sikhism
emphasized the importance of Gristh-Ashram (Married Life),
and Guru Ram Das Ji explained the concept of married life in the
Four Lavan, which are recited at the time of Anand Karj. Sikh
religion preached to give all due respect to women and
encouraged them to grow with dignity along with men. We
remember with reverence, the role of the noble Sikh women
played in Sikh history from time to time. Mata Sulakhni Ji, Bebe
Nanaki Ji, Mata Kheevi Ji, Bibi Bhani ji, Mata Gujari Ji, Mai
Bhago Ji are few names which inspire the Sikh women. Guru
Amar Dass Ji even appointed two women as incharge of Manjis
for the responsibility of preaching of Sikh religion. Rani Jindan's
role of fighting to the last breath of her life against the
cunningness of East India Company i.e. British Empire is an act
of great display of bravery, courage and self-esteem.
Such is the history of the Sikh religion where Sikh women
were respected and were considered to be the source of strength
for the family. Unfortunately, the Female Sex Ratio is declining
extremely in Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan. In Punjab, the
official figure for female is 874 against 1000 males due to the
mass practice of Female Foeticide. Many Sikhs are indulging in
this practice now-a-days which is against the teachings of the
Sikh-Faith. With this falling Female Sex Ratio, how a Sikh male
shall find a compatible Sikh female? Either some Sikh males
shall remain unmarried or they have to find women of other
faiths, who shall be in general be of low breed with less
intelligence and without any knowledge of the Sikh religion. If
this situation is not controlled, it shall further weaken the Sikh
religion, as already Patit-Puna is posing a serious problem.
The main reason against this Female Foeticide is the
strong feeling in the society that a girl is a great burden on the
family. The demand of heavy dowry and the lavish money to be
spent on the marriage ceremony are the big problems for parents
of girls, otherwise nobody would like to kill a child before it is
G born. Kerala is a State of India where
there are more females than per
thousand men, but the Christian
religion has played great part in
awakening the people and imparting
good education in that state. There is
no such problem in European
countries and in America. The Sikh
religious leaders should think to
tackle this problem seriously. The
Sikh Faith preaches Kirat Karo, Nam
Japo and Wand Chhako with further
emphasis on Truthful Simple Living.
Unfortunately lavishness, outward
show and ill-practices have engulfed
the lives of many of the Sikhs,
thereby it has become difficult to
find suitable matches for the girls by
people with meager resources. I feel
that there should be a directive
(HukamNama) from Akal Takhat to
solemnize the marriages with Sikh
Maryada without any dowry and
making it as simple as possible.
Similarly religious leaders of other
faiths should also raise their voice
against th is he inous cr ime
committed in the society. Parents
should be asked to spend money on
imparting high quality education to
their daughters and also teach them,
the moral values of the Sikh Faith so
that they can improve the quality of
life of the family to which they go
after marriage. In this way, the
quality of the Sikh Faith shall
improve and Sikhism shall shine.
My dear readers,Wahe guru ji ka khalsaWaheguru ji ki fateh.
Principal Hari Singh
Assistant Editor
English Section
25
26
4/19, Ashirvad Enclave
Dehradun
J.P. (Nanda)
1. Amrit Vela, Sach Naao, Wadiyaee Veechaar :
2. Dharam Karam Anuraago :
3. Jaalo Aisee Reet Jit Men Piyara Veesrai :
4. Alap Ahaar :
5. Rakh Ghareebee Ves :
Life of a Gursikh starts with : The time is
very important for concentration in
recitation, & alone, with family or
Whatever we have planned for the day, should be a
part of our life's aim; remembering Guru Arjun's "
"
Discard all those traditions & actions that are
obstacles in the Divine Path. Are not TV & Newspapers taking
away your precious time?
What we eat must be strictly watched. Hary Banjamin
(Diet Specialist) observes that an average man eats three
times his requirement & hence remains ill all his life. Indian
tradition of having two meals a day must be accepted with no
snacks in between. For health, Tea, Coffee & soft drinks must
be avoided at all costs.
By adopting simple living, we can help the needy
Amritve a
Simran, Gurbani
Kirtan Katha' in sangat
"Vich sangat Har Prabh vasai jeeo"
Awar kaj
tere kite na kam, mil sadh sangat bhaj keval Naam !" "Kar kar
thake wade wadere, kinhee na keeye kaaj maaya poore. Har
Har Naam jape jan koe, ta kee as pooran hoye.
GURSIKH MEET CHALO
GUR CHAALEE
(ACTION PLAN FOR GURSIKHS AS ORDAINED BY THE GURU)
around us with our own income. It
is our duty to ensure"
in this way.
We should be careful not to
hurt someones feelings by our ego.
We should try our best to give due
regards & respects to our near &
dears around us. Humility has
been taught to us by Guru Nanak !
Whatever we
remember by heart (esp. during
our earlier years) remains an asset
with us for life. We can never feel
lonely or bored: It helps us during
waiting for a bus, train, a plane
and during morning walk too.
Along with
recitation, we should go
thro' the works of Bhai Vir Singh ji,
Sant Randhir Singh ji, Principal
Teja Singh, Raghbir Singh Bir, Prof
Sahib Singh and other scholars &
saints whose words have a divine
power to guide us on the right
path.
At the end of the day, we
m u s t r e v i e w o u r a c t i o n s
performed during the day. We will
find many failings & mistakes. To
learn from our mistakes, failures
& not to repeat them is true "Art of
Living".
It is easy to control sleep for
those who have control over their
eating. To sleep early after
planning for tomorrow in His
remembrance, is the secret of
getting up early morning.
Sarbat ka
bhala'
Gurbani
Sri Guru Granth
Sahib
6. Mitha Bolan, Niv Chalan :
7 Gurbani Kanth :
8. Gyan Guru Atam Updesso :
9. Bande Khoj Dil Har Roz:
10. Sulap Si Nidra :
October 2006
27
Weight loss is achieved by the dieting person only
through control over the quality and quantity of food intake.
Once the weight loss is achieved and the ideal weight is reached
then it is necessary to maintain the normal weight permanently.
There are slimming centres who advises you to depend on rice
diet, banana diet, liquid protein diet and no carbohydrate diet.
The main drawback of this diet is that it proves hazardous in the
long run in manipulation of the components of moral balanced
diet into an unbalanced one to achieve weight loss. The person
who is 30-50% over the ideal weight according to LIC chart
should follow the protein sparing modified fasting diet
containing, 50 g protein and 500 calories/day. The person should
not continue this diet for more than 12 weeks otherwise result
could be precarious.
Exercise is important to reduce the weight. Not only
walk but there are so many exercises which reduce the weight
eg. skipping, jogging, swimming etc. and there are many
which help to reduce the fat from the specific area of
the body. There should be proper balance between the energy
intake and energy expenditure otherwise it results in creeping
obesity.
The person who does labour work and athletes need
more calories ranging between 3000-4000 calories/day.
Activities like walking, running, jogging, swimming, cycling and
yogasans
W
music are effective in burning
calories in the first 12 minutes. So
exercise and diet is the ideal
combination to reduce the weight.
While reducing weight by exercise,
person should keep some points in
mind eg :- 500 calories reduce 1
pound per week. If dieting person
perform exercise for half an hour eg
walking briskly, it will expend about
140-150 calories per day (i.e. app.
1000 calories per week) It means, he
will reduce 1500 calories per week.
If the duration of exercise is doubled
i.e. an hour, then calories reduction
upto 300 calories per day. If two
exercises (e.g.) walking & yoga are
combined then there is no need to
restrict on diet. This shows that the
physical activity can be used
effectively by itself or with
combination with mild dietary
control held in loss of body fat. One
may exercise longer but not harder
otherwise it may strain the heart.
While reducing weight,
person should remember some
points. i.e. he should not use
artificial practices eg medication
when eating away from home or in
the company of guest take care and
avoid excess food but do not be
upset if you miss your planning.
Baked foods instead of frying use
non sticky utensils. Do not use
crispy, only, sweety, syrupy sticky
or alcoholic food. Ar tificial
sweetners such as drops or tablets of
sacchrin may be used, but over use
of sacchrin may cause undesirable
effects. Do not use foods which are
of empty calories eg. sugars, alcohol,
96, Phase-2, Urban Estate
Dugri, Ludhiana
Hardeep Kaur
How to Remove ObesityHow to Remove Obesity
October 2006
�
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�
Your thought is an ancient dogma that cannot change you norcan you change it. My thought is new and it tests me and I testit morning and evening.
Your thought allows you to believe in the unequal contest ofthe strong against the weak, and in the tricking of the simpleby the subtle ones. My thought creates in me the desire to tillthe earth with my hoe, and harvest the crops with my sickle,and build my home with stones and mortar and weave myraiment with woolen and linen threads. (Kirat Karo)
Your thought urges you to marry wealth and notability. Minecommends self-retiance.
Your thought instils in your heart arrogance and superiority.Mine plants within me love for peace and desire for
independence. (jT[w? ~ wkoBk)
THOUGHTS
Kahlil Gibran
28
cold drinks. Take lot of salad eg. carrot, raddish & cucumber before lunch and dinner. It is a medicine for
an obese person because salad contain lots of fibre which binds all the fat (deposited in the blood)
excreted through stool. In the breakfast, always take stuffed roti with raddish or carrot because it
contain lots of fibre. Take fruit (i.e. guava, apple, pear, papaya) instead of juice, because juices have lots
of sugar and no fibre. So intake of fibre in the diet reduces the calories. Person should take one teaspoon
Isobgol with two glass of luke warm water before going to sleep. This will excrete all fat from your body
through stool or urine. Use refined soya oil or sunflower oil while cooking. Never use Desi Ghee in you
diet. Always use skimmed milk. The basic principle of reducing diets is to provide lesser calories than
what a person requires about 1000-1200 calories diet is found to suffice and proteins intake should be 1
gm/Kg of ideal body weight should be supplied through the diet. Fats about 3-4 teaspoon / day is
recommended Carbohydrates eg. sugar, jam squashes, fruit juices should be avoided because they do not
contribute bulk to the diet. A diet with good amount of fibre should be used to achieve a fulness with
lesser amount of calories. Vitamins, including green leafy vegetable, fresh fruits and whole grains
cereals and sprouted legumes in the diet are essential for our body. Do not skip any meal in your diet
otherwise your body will not have capacity to burn the food you take in a day.
1. Milk Two cup i.e in form of curd/lassi 10.0 200
2. Legume and Pulse Two serving (100 gm total) 12.0 200
3. Vegetable A Two serving (60+60=120gm) - -
(Green leafy & yellow vegetables)
4. Vegetable B On serving (60-70 gm) - 50
Ladyfinger, gaurd, brinjal)
5. Fruit 2 - 100
6. Cereal 5 (1 + 2 +2) - 500
7. Fat 1 (25gm) - 100
8. Sugar 10gm - 40
1190
Your self determination and mental control will see you through.
Keep in mind even models have to maintain their BMI (body Mass Index) between 18 to 25.
Food exchange list (per day)Item No. of Exchanges Protein B (g) Calories
To know the value of a year,
ask the boy who failed in the examination..
To know the value of a month
ask the delivered a premature baby.
To know the value of a week,
ask the editor of a weekly.
To know the value of a day,
ask the daily waged labourer
mother who
To know the value of a minute,
ask the person who missed the train,
To know the value of a second,
ask the person who escaped a major accident.
To know the value of a millisecond,
ask the person who missed a gold in a race.
Thus value time, as it waits for none.
Value of time
October 2006
29
came in response to Guru Nanak's
call, and began to reside at Sultanpur
with him.
After the divine experience
at Sultanpur, the Guru decided to
awaken the people to the reality by
undertaking long and arduous
journeys in the four directions. To
begin with, he proceeded to the
eastern part of the subcontinent,
and also cover places in the South
including Ceylon (Sri Lanka).
All the time during these
travels, Mardana was with Guru
Nanak. Janamsakhis are replete
with anecdotes portraying the wit
and wisdom of Mardana. Barring a
few episodes which are either
concocted or associated purposely
with the fair name of Bhai Mardana,
possibly to emphasise that the Guru
h a d t h e u n i q u e p o w e r o f
Some Eminent Sikhs of the GuruPeriod
Bhai Mardana was the closest associate and the first
disciple of Guru Nanak. According to Manohar Das Mehrban,
Mardana had been the companion of Guru Nanak since
childhood. Both Bhai Mardana and Guru Nanak were born at
Talwandi Rai Bhoi Ki; Bhai Mardana in 1459 CE and Guru
Nanak in 1469 CE. Mardana's original name was Dana. Mardana
was the name conferred on him by Guru Nanak. The names of
Dana's father and mother were Bhai and Bibi Lakho.
According to Bhai Kahan Singh, Mardana breathed his last in
1534 CE and Guru Nanak himself performed his last rites.
and Mardana called every morning at the
houses of local residents and obtained alms, generally in kind.
Both would sing to the accompaniment of the , and on
receiving alms, would move next door. According to Professor
Satbir Singh; "Nanak and Mardana first came into contact in
1480 CE at Talwandi, while, once lying under a tree, the sound of
some one's playing on the reached his (Guru Nanak's)
ears. He rose, approached the man playing on the , and
asked his name. He answered, 'Sir, (bard) people call me
by the name Dana'.
Hearing this, Baba appreciated his fine playing on the
Rabab and his excellent understanding of . Baba asked
Mardana to accompany him to play the Rabab and sing the
with him, so that he would get the better of both the
worlds. To this Dana replied, 'We hardly make our both ends
meet by singing Raags before the rich. In case we follow you, our
families would starve, we shall miss our prayer ( ) even,
and thus, we might stand condemned in both the worlds. How
do you plan to liberate me?' Guru Nanak said 'O Dana! You are
ignorant. God protects and feeds us all. (prayer) and roza
(fast) are benedictions, bestowed by God. God's abode is the
heart of the saints. At the final judgement, none shall come to
your rescue? Guru Nanak further emphasised, 'Dana, in case
you now turn to be Mardana (brave) and play Rabab along with
singing the Word of God ( ) you will gain in both the
worlds.' Dana, now transformed into Mardana, set out with
Guru Nanak to enlighten the people living in this world.
Mardana played on the Rabab and Guru Nanak sang the shabad.
Mardana would often accompany the Guru in singing the divine
Word. Thus the kirtan originated among Sikhs.
In the course of time, Nanak left Talwandi, and went to
Sultanpur Lodhi, where he was employed in the service of
Daulat Khan Lodhi, the Governor of Jalander Doab. Nanak, after
some period of time sent for Bhai Mardana from Talwandi. He
Badrew
Badrew
Rabab
Rabab
Rabab
Mirassi
Raags
shabad
Namaz
Namaz
Sabad
B
Badrew
Bhai Mardana
Sangrur
Surjit Singh (Gandhi)
October 2006
30
Mardana was a master
Rabab player. He improved the old
form of the instrument by fixing
four to six strings to a hollow base
so as to produce a deep and mellow
resonance.
Mardana composed verses
also, two Slokas under the name of
Mardana are included in the
in . In the
first Sloka, Bhai Mardana calls the
mordern age a vessel filled with the
wine of sexual desires.
"With egotism acting as the
serve/; the mind uses anger as the
cup, fills it with the wine of
emotional attachment and drinks it.
When one keeps the company of
falsehood and greed, the result is
total ruin. "
Mardana goes on to say that
one should ''make the distillery of
one's good deeds, using Truth as
molasses and thus make the True
Wine. "
I n t h e s e c o n d S l o ka ,
Mardana compares the body with a
vessel of conceit, and the wine
desires of all kinds, acting as our
buddies in drinking. He calls the
fabled messenger of death, the
server of this wine. But he suggests
that one should make spiritual
wisdom the molasses, praise of
Waheguru the bread, and Fear of
God the meat.
Bhai Mardana observed that
if the human body is made the vessel
and self-realization the wine, then
the nectar of immortality streams
forth.
''Only with the men-of-God
as company, and Lord's love as the
cup filled with this nectar of
immortality can corruption be
banished."
(SGGS - Page 553)
Sri Adi
Granth Bihagre ki Var
transforming brass into gold, all other stories touch the deepest
chords of human heart as also the root problems of the world
which hamper human progress. Hunger, thirst, family problems,
poverty, insecurity, etc., were some of the things, which often
tormented Mardana, as much as any other human being, but he
did not allow himself to be given to them, and with sustained
effort reached the stage of indentification with the Guru. At the
end of the first itinerary, when Mardana reached Talwandi, his
wife and children tried to stop him from going again with Nanak,
but he did not agree. Now he was awakenesd. So, once again he
accompanied Nanak on his journey to West Asia.
Nanak and Mardana sailed for Saudi Arabia along with
other Hajis. Having visited Mecca and Madina, they reached
Baghdad the capital of the Caliph of Islam. As usual, they stayed
outside the town near a graveyard. Nanak's visit to Baghdad is
recorded in the Var.5 of Bhai Gurdas :
"Baba went to Baghdad, and put up outside the city. The
Immortal personified, Baba was accompanied by the Rabab-
player Mardana."
On the roadside, Nanak began to sing hymns in praise of
God, and Mardana played a symphonic strain on his Rabab.
Although people could not understand the language of the
hymns, yet the melodious voice and the emotion with which the
hymns were being sung, produced a soothing effect on their
minds.
Guru Nanak passed the last two decades of his life at
Kartarpur. Mardana also came to settle at this place. His wife
and two sons, Shahzada and Raizada, also joined him.
In 1534 CE, Mardana fell ill. He grew increasingly weak,
and there was little hope of recovery. Visualizing the
approaching end of Mardana, Guru Nanak asked if his body
after death may be let into water like Brahmins, or it may be
cremated like Khatris, or it may be thrown to the winds like one
of the Parsis or it may be buried like that of a Muslim. Mardana
answered:
"Well, Baba ! You are talking of the body. By the grace of
your teachings, I have entirely forgotten about it. Now, I regard
my soul as the sole guardian of my body."
Again Guru Nanak said:
"Do you wish to be made famous by having a suitable
tomb constructed in your memory?"
Mardana replied:
"When my soul has been separated from its bodily tomb
why shut it up in a sepulchre."
Baba stepped forward, took Mardana in his embrace
and declared:Mardana, you have realized the Infinite."
The following morning, a watch before day-break,
Mardana passed away.
October 2006
31
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October 2006
32
SportsSportsSportsTalkTalkSecretary General
Sports WingGuru Gobind Singh Study Circle
Prabhjot Singh
that too just for saving the team fromgetting wooden spoon reflectedpoorly on the performance. Thepsychological barrier to finish off thematch and conceding late goals andindiscipline along with low levels ofphysical fitness was evident throughout . The senior players notper for ming and the lack ofunderstanding & interpretation of thelaws & further failing to put them intopractice led to the dismal 11thposition out of the 12 teams. The coreproblem of not availing the penaltycorner was an area which hurt theteam most. The bench strength wasexposed when drag flicker SandeepSingh's absence due to freakish bulletinjury left them gasping for breath inpenalty corner situation. It is now upto the federation to set the house inorder before the Doha Asian Games.The glorious past of our Hockey andits connection with Punjab should betapped. Along side the mental block ofnot appointing a foreign coach withfree hand should now be consideredwith seriousness. The fairy talesummer for Germany continued andw a s c o m p l e t e d w h e n t h e ysuccessfully defended the World Cupin front of their home fans, after greatrun in WC soccer was not fulfilledwith gold medal by their heroes.
Moving on to other sportsheroes, the farewell of Andre Agassiwas indeed tearful for the fans of thiscolorful and star crowd puller.Champion on every playing surfaceand longevity of this champion wasindeed stand out quality which otherplayer should try to emulate.
At the Oval on Sunday the 20th August 2006, after 1813Tests in 130 years, Mr.Inzamam-ul-Huq become the first of 280Test Captains to see the umpire forfeit the match to his opponents.The Oval was set on fire on this suspense filled Sunday. Utterconfusion engulfed the stadium and the cricket fraternity wastaken aback at the unilateral decision of umpire Darrell Hair topenalize Pakistan team for ball tampering. Seething with anger theteam felt deeply upset, aggrieved & insulted by the implication thatthey had cheated. The biggest question is where was the proof andif any it should be provided to ensure that this test was not Hair'slast as an umpire. Inzamam too played his cards all wrong andshowed indecisiveness in his actions. He should have protestedvisibly and strongly when Hair offered the original insult. Heshould have demanded explanation from Hair on the spot andprotest via manager should have been registered. Not taking thefield after tea was in correct decision made by team managementwhich led to the implication that the team was hurting the spirit ofthe game.
By all accounts, Sunday's sordid mess could have beenavoided if the man in the middle, Darrell Hair, had acted with moresense and sensitivity. Hitler like attitude to stamp his authority onevery match was the falling of the man. A good umpire ought toensure correct decisions and game being played with minimumcontroversy. The custodian when guards the games rules and notits spirit is bound to fail & bring out acrimonious reactions. Thebiggest loser was not Pakistan but the game it self. The game beingbrought into disrepute was due to one man's ego & innate bias, awatershed created that will echo in cricketing lore, for all thewrong reasons. The PCB should ask ICC to commission an inquiryinto the whole episode and seriously consider suing Hair fordefamation.
The ICC's habit of brushing the issue under the carpet cometo fore when Darrell Hair's letter for asking monetarycompensation was exposed. The bad precedent for crickets futurewas set when Darrell Hair's mercenary attitude in asking formoney came to light. The viel of no nonsense man & one who wasnot afraid calling spade-a spade, come off when Hair agreed to thefinancial consideration leaving his fraternity of umpiresspeechless. The man who most in the sub continual believe isprejudiced, if not downright racist, has given reasons for his criticsto question his integrity. It is for this reason that the ICC needs totread very cautiously in their follow up action. Justice not only bedone but should be seen to be done.
The debacle of Indian Hockey Team at the XIth World Cupin Germany is further proof of the erosion of the national game. Theteams preparation or lack of direction in it was the main reason forthis failure. Just one victory, out of seven matches & five defeats,
A
October 2006
Contd. Page 34.........
33
Guru Nanak Sermon To Mula Ki,
Mula Kir came to meet Guru Nanak and offeredhumble beseachmest thus : "Master, in the earlier ages of
and kings too delight in gambling,watching dances of beautiful women and dramatic showsand keeping concubines, and still they were known asrighteous rulers. Are gambling and the luxury of keepconcubines justified these days?"
Guru Nanak said : "In early ages challenging oneanother for gambling games was a matter of pride andprestige with kings. But in the present dark age ( )we have established different moral values in Sikhism.Service of the needy and destitute, without judging theirdeeds, is one of the fundamental principles of Sikhism.Gambling leads to countless mistrusts, afflictions and evils.A Sikh ruler or saint should completely discard gambling andharkening after prostitutes and keeping concubines. SuchSikhs are worthy of respect and reverence, who serve othersand have a life of devotion to the Guru.
Bhai Mula recited the hymns of Guru Nanak and the( ) and sung them in musical modes ( ). He
considered all the devotees of Guru Nanak, the very image ofhis Master, Guru Nanak. He earned his living by hard andhonest labour and received the blessings and goodwill ofevery Sikh and non-sikh or saint, who visited him, and hespent liberally on entertaining them as his honoured Guests.Day and night he was eager to help and serve all wayfarers,visitors and needy people who knocked at his door in thename of Guru Nanak and God. To those who were hungary,
Ramayana Mahabharta
kaliyuga
Bhagtas Sabad Ragas
Guru Nanak Sermon To Mula Ki, he offered food, and to those whowere in need of clothes, he offerednew clothes.
Taking advantage of hisextreme generosity, a professionalcheat and thief ( ), knowingfull well the emotional temper ofdevoted Sikhs, knocked at thedoor of Bhai Mula and asked forshelter. The cheat had memorizedmany hymns of Guru Nanak andrecited them loudly to impress hishost by his piety. Bhai Mulaserved him with great devotionand reverence. At night Mula'swife took of her gold ornamentsand placed them in the nitch of thewall. After that both the husbandand wife went to sleep. The thieftook the casket of the goldornaments and concealed it underthe blanket, with which hecovered his body. But the maindoor was locked and the key waswith Bhai Mula. He woke up BhaiMula and asked him for the keyssaying, that he wanted to go outinto the open field to answer thecall of nature. Bhai Mulasuggested that he could use onenclosure on the roof of the houseas toilet and he would get itcleaned the next morning. Hewould, in the meantime, preparehot water for him so that he couldtake his bath, if he so desired. Thethief insisted on leaving at onceand persuaded Mula to open thedoor. As soon as he was about toleave, the casket of ornaments
Thug
37-Janta Enclave,
Dugri Dhandra Road, Ludhiana
Anurag SinghServe the Virtuousand Sinners alikeServe the Virtuousand Sinners alike
Serve the Virtuousand Sinners alikeServe the Virtuousand Sinners alike
October 2006
o'r ;'r d{y fs;[ Bkjh..;kX;zfr jfo ehosB[ rkjh..
rog sog dhookh this naahee
saadhhusu(n)g has keeruthun gaahee
....
Disease, sorrow and pain do not affect him; he
sings the Kirtan of the Lord's Praises in the Saadh
Sangat, the Company of the Holy.
(SGGS 1085)
34
slipped from his armpit and Mula saw that it was the casketcontaining the gold ornaments of his wife. Bhai Mula pickedup the ornaments and handed it over to the thief, whohurriedly slipped away.
When Mula's wife woke up, she found the casket ofher gold ornaments missing. She was about to raise analarm, when Bhai Mula explaining it away said, "Last night athief broke into our house and stole the casket of goldornaments. Our guest, the noble Sikh, who recited GuruNanak's hymns so well, felt ashamed that gold ornamentshad been stolen while he was staying with them. Feeling thathe may be suspected he left the house in haste. So do notblame the Sikh of Guru Nanak, who was reciting the Guru'shymns so well. He got a new set of fold ornaments made forhis wife.
Guru Nanak came to know about this incidentwhen Mula met Guru Nanak after some months, the Masterbestowed his benediction and delivered the followingsermon : " You have concealed and sheltered shame and sinof a thief, who took the shelter of my name and pretended tobe my Sikh, well-versed in reciting hymns. He was not a Sikhbut a professional thief. You did not allow my name to beassociated with the misdeeds of the thief, lest people mayhave low opinion of my disciples. God will shield and protectand forgive even your shortcomings and transgressions.Know the spirit of the word ( ) to be the spirit of theGuru. Know that the is the heart and soul of the Guru.You should concentrate on divine name of the Guru andmeditate on the Word of God in these progressive stages :
Sarvan (SK : ) : hearing within yourself thedivine Name.
Manan : deep knowledge and conviction, based onexperience.
: profound and repeated meditation.
"The third stage is the natural outcome of the firsttwo. By living such a life of contemplation you shall achieveliberation from the cycle of birth and death."
1. Guru Nanak in his composition has vividlyportrayed the spiritual experiences of these threestages : or in stages ( ) 7-10,or in 11-14, and (
) in 16.
Sankracharya in his commentarysays : "The comprehension of Brahaman (God) includeshearing, reasoning and meditation. Mere hearing does notresult is full comprehension or relaization of God."
SabadSabad
Sravana
Nidhidhyasana
Japuji
Suniai sarvan Pauris Manaimanan Pauris nidhidhyasana Parm
Pad-Panch Parvan Pauri
Brahma Sutras
References and notes
October 2006
Maria Sharapova's victory inwomen's final was a welcome signfor this charismatic player who cansurely help in filling the vacuum ofAndre's exit with her style and game.Roger Federer's express was not tobe derailed and his dominance ofmens tennis continued with hisemphatic victory in the US open. Thetalk of seeing one of the tennis's alltime master evolve and dominatewas further consolidated with TigerWoods presence when Federerclaimed victory. The icon stature inthe game of golf which Tiger hasgained, with five straight victoriesincluding two Majors, British &PGA, back to back has left all fellowgolfers in awe of his game. Future forthese two great champions holdsgreater pastures, as they have thegame and age on their side, to coverand rewrite all the records in theirname. Our very own hero, SachinTendulkar, took the field in DLF Cupa t M a l a y s i a a n d s c o r e d atremendous centur y on hiscomeback, raising hope for the team& himself on the final bend of hisillustrious career. Now one sincerelyhopes that experiments & trials ofTeam India stops quickly & a settledlook be given before it is too late asthe World Cups final countdown hasbegun with the start of this season.
A t l a s t , t h e P u n j a b
Government come forward in a big
way to award the shooters, who had
brought laurels for the country in
recent past. Amanpreet Singh, youth
of the last month, too got his award
and this encouragement will help
him and others in scaling greater
heights. Similarly, the Giant of
Indian Hockey Punjab should wake
up from its sleep to again take charge
of its glorious heritage in the game.
Also it is high time for us to seek
answers from the IHF who again
failed to bring out the best from of its
players.
......... Contd. Page 32
lkMk fojlk lkMk xkSjo
laikndh;laikndh;laikndh;
jr 'kq: ls gh lekt dh ladqfpr lksp dk f'kdkj jgh gSA
çkphu dky ls gh jktuhfrK;ksa vkSj /kkfeZd vkdkvksa us vkSjr dks vius
LokFkZ rd gh lhfer j[kkA orZeku esa vxj >kad dj ns[ksa rks L=h ls vkt
Hkh HksnHkko fd;k tkrk gSA eka ds xHkZ esa gh L=h dks ekj fn;k tkrk gSA
bl ço`fr dk tUe iqjkru le; ls gh pyk vk jgk gSA euq Le`fr esa
;gka rd fy[kk gS fd L=h iq:"k ds iSj dh twrh gS ,oa ;s cPps iSnk djus okyh
e'khu gSA dbZ dfFkr /kkfeZd vkdkvksa us rks ;gka rd dgk fd L=h euq"; dh
eqfDr ds jkLrs dk jksM+k gSA iqjkru le; esa yksx rFkkdfFkr cqjh 'kfDr;ksa ls
cpus ds fy; viuh toku dU;kvksa dks Jaxkj dj eafnjksa esa nku djrs Fks
ftl ls nsonkfl;ksa dh çFkk dk tUe gqvkA dh ,d fjiksVZ esa dgk x;k gS
fd egkjk"Vª] vka/kzk çns'k ,oa dukZVd esa vkt Hkh nsonklh çFkk cM+s iSekus ij
çpfyr gS vkSj bls [kRe djus ds fy;s cuk;s x;s dkuwu ukdkQh gSaA vkt
Hkh nsonklh çFkk cnLrwj tkjh gSA
,sls gkykrksa us euq"; dh lksp dks detksj cuk fn;k vkSj og yM+dh
ds tUe ij ghurk eglwl djus yxk] blh fy, blus yM+dh dks tUeksijkUr
ekjuk 'kq: dj fn;k vkSj blh us lkl cgw ds fj'rs esa dM+okgV Hkj nhA ijUrq
dqnjr ds tho dks lekt dk vax u ekurs gq,s mls ekj nsuk iki gSA
;g ,d foMEcuk gS fd lekt dh fuekZrk] L=h] Loa; vius lRdkj
çkfIr ds fy, vkt Hkh la?k"kZ dj jgh gSA L=h dbZ ns'kksa dh ç/kkuea=h in ij
jg pqdh gSA fMtkbuj] ik;yV] lh-bh-vks-] oSKkfud] varfj{k vFkkZr gj
{ksrz esa L=h viuk yksgk euok jgh gSA ijUrq vkt Hkh vke L=h dks mldk
curk lEeku çkIr ugha gqvkA xzkeh.k {ksrzksa esa vkt Hkh L=h mUgha iqjkuh
/kkj.kkvksa ds nk;js esa th jgh gSA bl lc ls NqVdkjk ikus ds fy;s ge lc dks
lkspuk gksxkA ge lc dks ç.k djuk gksxk fd L=h iq:"k ds Hksn dks [kRe
fd;k tk, vkSj L=h dks mldk curk lEeku fnyk;k tk,A vkt dU;k
Hkw.kZgR;k ,d Toyar leL;k gS ftldk gy ge lHkh dks feydj lkspuk
gksxkA lHkh /kkfeZd] lkekftd] ckSf}d o jktuhfrd 'kfDr;ksa dks feydj
ç;kl djuk gksxk rkfd bl leL;k ls tYn ls tYn NqVdkjk ik;k tk
ldsA
vkS
UNI
lgk;d laikndfgUnh foHkkx
lfoanjthr dkSjlfoanjthr dkSjvkt Hkh LEekfur thouds fy, la?k"kZ'khy L=hvkt Hkh LEekfur thouds fy, la?k"kZ'khy L=h
vkt Hkh LEekfur thouds fy, la?k"kZ'khy L=hvkt Hkh LEekfur thouds fy, la?k"kZ'khy L=h
35vDrwcj 2006
js ,d fj'rsnkj çksQSlj gSaA
,d ckj eq>s muds ikl dqN le; Bgjusdk volj çkIr gqvkA eSa jkst ns[krk fdos dkyst esa NqV~Vh gksus ds mijkUr gh ?kjokfil vkrsA ,d fnu eSaus muls iwNk &vady th] vkt dy dbZ çksQSlj çk;%1&2 ihfj;M yxk dj ?kj okfil pystkrs gSaA fQj ?kj tkdj V;w'ku vkfni<+krs gaS] ij vki rks iwjs le; ij gh ?kjokfil vkrs gks] igys ugha vkrsA fQj ?kjvkdj V;w'ku Hkh ugha i<+krsA
os eq>s dgus yxs&^^fdlhflD[k ds fy, ;g Bhd ugha fd ogviuk drZO; iwjk u djsA xqjck.kh esafdjr djks] uke tiks rFkk oaM Ndks dsfl)kUr ij tksj fn;k x;k gSA ;fn eSaviuk drZO; iwjk ugh djrk rks bldkeryc gS fdjr ugha djrkA fdjr dkrkRi;Z gh ;gh gS fd ftl dk;Z ds fy,rqEgsa iSls feyrs gSa og dk;Z yxu o fu"Bkds lkFk iwjk djksA**
;g lqudj esjk eu xn~xn gksmBk vkSj fdruk gh le; eSa lksprk jgk& ;gh rks gS flD[k dk thou] D;ksa u eSaHkh vius thou esa viuk ywa\
es
drZO;
fçriky fla?k] vdcjiqjkfçriky fla?k] vdcjiqjk
36
lkMk fojlk lkMk xkSjo
vDrwcj 2006
tkc ds xoZuj [kku cgknj tdjhvk [kku us ;g ,syku dj fn;krFkk <a<ksjk fiVok fn;k fd lkjs flD[k lekIr dj fn, x, gSaA bruk [krjkgksus ds ckn Hkh bl nq"çpkj dks lekIr djus ds fy, dqN fla?k fNi&fNi djJh gfjefUnj lkfgc Jh veqrlj ds n'kZu djus pys tkrsA n'kZu&Luku djrsdjrs dbZ fla?k vius çk.kksa dh vkgqfr ns pqds Fks] ijUrq fQj Hkh vius xq:LFkkuksa ds çfr mudh J)k o I;kj esa dksbZ deh ugha vk;h vkSj u gh osxqjLFkkuksa ds n'kZu djus ls ihNs gVsA
Jh gfjefUnj lkfgc ¼Jh ve`rlj th½ ds n'kZu djus ds fy, nks fla?kHkkbZ cksrk fla?k th o HkkbZ xjtk fla?k th rjurkju lkfgc ds jkLrs gksdjve`rlj tk jgs FksA jkLrs esa mUgsa irk pyk fd tdjhvk [kku us ,syku djj[kk gS fd lkjs flD[k lekIr dj fn, x, gSaA
nksuksa fla?kksa us dqN lksp fopkj ds ckn ;g QSlyk fd;k fd tdjhvk[kku ds bl nq"çpkj dks >wBk fl) djds fn[kk,axsA
bl mn~ns'k ds lkFk os nksuksa lM+d ij [kM+s gks x,A nksuksa ds gkFk esayDdM+ ds etcwr lksVs ¼ykfB;ka½ FkhA lM+d ds fdukjs uwjnhu dh ljk; dksmUgksus viuk fVdkuk ¼vM~Mk½ cuk fy;k rFkk vkus tkus okyksa ls VSdl olwydjuk 'kq: dj fn;kA ¼mudk mns'; /ku bDVBk djuk ugha Fkk vfirq os rksbl ek/;e ls ;g ckr tdjhvk [kku rd iagqpkuk pkgrs Fks fd flD[k vHkhftUnk gSa ejs ugha½ vxj dksbZ xkM+h okyk vkrk gS mls jksd dj dgrs] HkkbZ ;gkaflD[kksa dk jkt gS] xkM+h rc vkxs tk,xh ;fn ,d vkuk VSDl Hkjksxs] vU;FkkxkM+h vkxs ugha tk,xhA blh çdkj [kPpj okys ls ,d iSlk VSDl ysrsA lkFkgh mUgsa ;g Hkh dg nsrs fd tgk¡ Hkh tkvksxs] ogka yksxksa dks crk nsuk fd uwjnhudh ljk; ds vkl ikl flD[kksa dk jkt gks x;k gSA
bl rjg fdruk gh le; ;g nksuksa fla?k VSDl bDVBk djrs jgs] ijtdjhvk [kku dh vksj ls dksbZ dkjokbZ u gqbZA yksx ogk¡ ls fudyrs rks cgqr
ia
gSjku gksrs fd tdjhvk [kku dk ,syku rksfcydqy gh >wB fudykA og rks dgrk gS fdflD[k lekIr dj fn, x, gSa] ijUrq ;gka rksflD[kksa dk jkT; lFkkfir gks pqdk gSA
tdjhvk [kku dh vksj ls dksbZdk;Zokgh u gksrh ns[k HkkbZ cksrk fla?k us[kku cgknj tdjhvk [kku dks ,d i=fy[kk vkSj fdlh jkgxhj ds gkFk tdjhvk[kku rd igqapok;kA bl i= esa tdjhvk[kku dks cksrk fla?k us etkd ls HkkHkh [kkuksads uke ls lEcksf/kr fd;kA bl i= esa cksrkfla?k us fy[kk &
fpV~Bh fy[krqe fla?k cksrkAgkFk gS lksVk] fop jkg [kyksrkAvkuk yk;k xM~Ms uwaiSlk yk;k [kksrkAtk vk[kha HkkHkh [kkuksa uwa,g vk[ks fla?k cksrkAi= i<+dj xoZuj tdjhvk [kku
xqLls ls yky&ihyk gks x;kA mlus viustjuSy] tykynhu dks vkns'k fn;k fd nkslkS 'kL=/kkjh QkSth ysdj tkvks vkSj fl[kjkT; dk ,syku djus okys nks fla?kksa dksrqjUr thfor idM+ dj ykvksA
bu nks lkS 'kL=/kkjh ?kqM+lokjflikfgvksa ds lkFk HkkbZ cksrk fla?k HkkbZxjtk fla?k us ?keklku ;q) fd;kA buesa lsvf/kdka'k flikfg;ksa dks ekjdj Loa; Hkh'ghn gks x, rFkk lalkj dks ;g crk x, fdfla?k lekIr ugha fd;s th ldrs vufrfla?kksa dks lekIr djus okys Loa; lekIr gkstkrs gSaA vkt Hkh HkkbZ cksrk fla?k HkkbZ xjtkfla?k dh 'kghnh iqdkj&iqdkj dj dg jgh gS& fla?kks! flD[kh dh vku o 'kku dks dk;ej[kukA ns[kuk] VwV pkgs tkuk] ijUrq tkfyeds vkxs >qduk er rFkk lnk gh ;g vkoktcqyUn djrs jguk &
¼xq: xzUFk lkfgc iUuk ƒ†„‰½HkkbZ cksrk fla?k HkkbZ xjtk fla?k dh
'kgknr flD[kksa dh ohjrk dh thrh tkxrhfelky gSA
HkS dkgw dks nsr ufgufg HkS ekur vkuAAHkS dkgw dks nsr ufgufg HkS ekur vkuAA
'kghn HkkbZ cksrk fla?k xjtk fla?k'kghn HkkbZ cksrk fla?k xjtk fla?k'kghn HkkbZ cksrk fla?k xjtk fla?k
37
lkMk fojlk lkMk xkSjo
'kes'k firk Jh xq: xksfcUn fla?k th us tksrh tksr lekus ds le; 1708
esa ;g fu.kZ; fy;k fd muds ckn vc dksbZ nsg/kkjh xq: ugha gksxkA vc Jh xq: xzUFklkfgc xq:in ij vklhu gksaxs ftuesa 6 fl[k xq:vksa lfgr 36 fgUnw] eqfLye vkSjfl[k /keksZ ds egkRekvksa] larksa] ihjksa vkSj Qdhjksa dh ck.kh ntZ dh xbZ gSA mUgksausdgk fd
1430 i`"Bksa] 12 cksfy;ksa vkSj 31 jkxksa ds bl xzaFk esa iatkc] egkjk"Vª] fla/k]fcgkj] mRrj çns'k] xqtjkr] e/; çns'k vkSj jktLFkku ds HkDr dfo;ksa dh jpuk;sablesa vafdr gSaA 1604 esa tc igyh ckj bl ^chM+* dk çdk'k Jh xq: vtqZu nso thus Lo.kZ ezfnj ve`rlj esa fd;k rc ls vkt 400 ls vf/kd o"kZ chr tkus ds ckn Hkhfo'o dk ;g ,d vdsyk xzUFk gS ftls xq: dh inoh ls lq'kksfHkr gksus dk lkSHkkX;vkSj xkSjo çkIr gSA lHkh tkfr;ksa] /keksZ ,oa çkarksa dk çfrfuf/Ro djus okyk ;g xzaFkbl vVy fl)kUr ij ekuork ds xq: ds :i esa iwTuh; gS fd ^
tks ckjEckj dgrk gSfdlh Hkh çdkj dk
lS)kfUrd fojks/k] oSpkfjd fojks/k u j[kus okyk ;g xzaFk dgrk gSftlesa dsoy ekuork ,oa lPpkbZ ds fl)kUr viuk;s x;s gSaA
okLro esa iape ikr'kkg xq: vtqZu nso th us b; egku xzaFk ds ek/;e ls jk"Vªh;,drk] /keZ fujis{krk ,ao v[k.Mrk dk thokUr mnkgj.k çLrqr fd;k gSA bl fy,
n
vkKk HkbZ vdky dh rHkh pyk;ks iaFk AA
lc fl[ku dks gqDe gS xq: ekfu;ksa xzaFkAA
xq: xzaFk th eku;ksa çxV xqjka dh nsg AA
tks çHkq dks feycks pgS [kkst 'kCn efg ysfgAA
,d firk ,dl dsge ckfjd rw esjk xqjgkbZ* ^vOoy vYyk uwj mik;k dqnjr dslc cans] ,d uwj rs lc tx miT;k dkSu Hkys dks eansAA
^bDdk ck.kh bdxqj bdks 'kCn ohpkj*
vkKk HkbZ vdky dh rHkh pyk;ks iaFk AA
lc fl[ku dks gqDe gS xq: ekfu;ksa xzaFkAA
xq: xzaFk th eku;ksa çxV xqjka dh nsg AA
tks çHkq dks feycks pgS [kkst 'kCn efg ysfgAA
,d firk ,dl dsge ckfjd rw esjk xqjgkbZ* ^vOoy vYyk uwj mik;k dqnjr dslc cans] ,d uwj rs lc tx miT;k dkSu Hkys dks eansAA
^bDdk ck.kh bdxqj bdks 'kCn ohpkj*
xq: xzaFk lkfgc dsoy fl[k /keZ dh gh ughavfirq leLr ekuork dh vewY; fuf/k gSA xq:xksfcan fla?k th us xq: dh xfjek çnku djdsfo'o ds lHkh HkDrksa dks 'kCn ds ek/;e ls çHkqdks [kkstus dk lans'k nsrs gq, xq: xzaFk lkfgc dksvejRo çnku fd;kA vke vkneh dh le> esavkus okyh Hkk"kk dk iz;ksx djrs gq, jkxksa esack.kh dh jpuk] i<+us] lquus okyksa ds euksa ijviuk vfeV LFkku cuk ysrh gSA ekuo dhHkkoukvksa esa jkx dyk dk viuk egRo gSAlaxhr vkRek dks 'kq) djrk gS rFkk vkRek dheSy dks /kks Mkyrk gSA bldh ck.kh lHkh le>ldsa vkSj vius g`n;ksa esa clk ysa blh fy,vklku Hkh gSA ekuo )kjk bZ'oj dh HkfDr dksiq.kZ lRdkj nsus dh gh n`f"V ls çHkq dks 65 ls Hkhvf/kd ukeksa ls iqdkjk x;k gSA gfj 'kCn dkç;ksx 8344 ckj vkSj jke 'kCn dk ç;ksx2533 ckj] çHkq 'kCn dk ç;ksx 1371 ckj rFkkxksiky 'kCn dk ç;ksx 491 ckj djus ds lkFklkFk vYykg 'kCn dk ç;ksx 49 rFkk [kqnk 'kCndk ç;ksx 17 ckj fd;k x;k gS] bl xzaFk esaA
ds çpkjd Jh xq: xzaFk lkfgcds ckjs esa Mk- jk/kkd`".kuu~ th fy[krs gSa ^^xq:xzaFk lkfgc dh vVy lPpkbZ rFkk vVwV HkfDrds lEeq[k ioZrksa rFkk lkxjksa dh leLr lhek;satks ,d ns'k dks nwljs ns'k ls vyx djrh gSa]Lor% lekIr gks tk;saxhA** ukscsy iqjLdkjfotsrk Jherh iyZcd us dgk ^^xq: xzaFk lkfgcfopkjksa ,oa Hkkoksa dk ewy L=ksr gSaA eSusa fo'o dsvU; egku /keZ xzaFkksa dk v/;~;u fd;k gS ijesjs fnyksa fnekx dks ftruk xq: xzaFk lkfgc usçHkkfor fd;k mruk fdlh us ughaA blesavafdr bykgh Kku] ekuo eu dh vlhferfo'kkyrk dk çek.k gSA blesa Js"B bZ'ojh;ladYi ds ckjs esa lw> ,oa fopkjksa ls ysdjekuo 'kjhj dh O;ogkfjd vko';drkvksa dhiwfrZ rd dks ekU;rk çkIr gSA** çfl)bfrgkldkj Vk;uch dk dFku gS ^^xq: xzaFk
^^uk dks cSjh ukfg csxkuk] lxy laxgedks cu vkbZ**
^^uk dks cSjh ukfg csxkuk] lxy laxgedks cu vkbZ**
Jh xq: xzUFk lkfgc thJh xq: xzUFk lkfgc thJh xq: xzUFk lkfgc thJh xq: xzUFk lkfgc th
vDrwcj 2006
Jh xq: xzUFk lkfgc ds 300osa lEiw.kzrk fnol rFkkJh xq: xzUFk ds igys çd'kksRlo dks lefiZr
d`iky fla?klgk;d egkizcU/kd]
cSad v‚Q+ cM+kSnk] t;iqj
38
lkMk fojlk lkMk xkSjo
lkfgc ekuork dh loZ lka>kh vk?;kfRed fuf/k dh fojklr gSA ;g leLr Kku/kkfeZd xazFkksa esa lcls vf/kd lEekfur xazFk gSA fl[kksa esa bldh inoh blkbZ;ksa dsfy, ckbZcy ls dgha Åph gSA vkfn xzaFk fl[kksa dk xq: gS rFkk lHkh /keksZa dh gksusokyh xksf"B;ksa esa bldh vkokt lkjs lalkj ds fy, fu'p; gh ykHknk;d gksxhA**çfl) fo}ku Mk- xzhu yht fy[krs gSa ^^xq: xzaFk lkfgc fu'p; gh lalkj Hkj dslkfgR; esa dkO; dFkk ds i{k esa mRd`"V jpuk gSA xq: xzaFk lkfgc Hkkjrh; n'kZu ovk/;kEe dk rRo Kku gS ij bls ladh.kZ lkEçnkf;d vFkksZa esa fgUnh fQykLQh dkfupksM+ dguk mfpr ugha vfirq bls rks ekuo fopkj/kkjk dguk leqfpr gSA tSlstSls eSa xq: xzaFk lkfgc dk v/;~;u djrk x;k oSls oSls xq:ck.kh esjs eu dksçsetky esa tdM+rh xbZA** çfl) nk'kZfud eSdkyQ us dgk ^^xq: xzaFk lkfgc gh,slk xzaFk gS ftlesa xq:vksa dh ck.kh vius }kjk fyf[kr ,oa ,df=r dh xbZ gSA vjcds iSxEcj eksgEen lkfgc us dqjku dh vk;rksa dks viuh dye ls ugha fy[kkA blkbZer ds bZlk elhg us Hkh vius f'k";ksa dks viuh dksbZ jpuk fyf[kr ugha nhA cq) erds egkRek xkSre cq) us Hkh vius vkn'kksZa dks fyf[kr :i esa ugha NksM+k ijUrq fl[kxq:vksa us viuh ck.kh Lo;a }kjk mPpkfjr ,oa fyfic) dh gSA**
çfl) blkbZ fe'kujh fel pkjyV us dgk ^^tgk¡ rd eSaus xq: xzaFk lkfgcdk v/;~;u fd;k gS] eSaus eglwl fd;k gS fd ;g ,d cM+k fofp= xazFk gS rFkk blesagSjku dj nsus okyh fueZyrk vkSj vkfRed lR; gSA vxj ^gfj* 'kCn ds LFkku ij^;wlw* elhg dk uke fy[kk gksrk rks ;g çkphu blkbZ _f"k;ksa rFkk rifLo;ksa dhjpuk çrhr gksrhA xq: xzaFk lkfgc vkfRed 'kkafr ,oa r`fIr iw.kZ xaFk gS vkSj eq>s 'keZvkrh gS fd eSa bu fl[kksa ls vkfRed ifjiDork esa cgqr ihNs gawA** vNwr vkSj fiNMksads elhgk rFkk izfl) dkuwunku Mk- vEcsMdj us dgk ^^vNwr vkSj fiNM+s oxZ dsyksxksa dks ftruh vkfRed 'kkafr vkSj lkekftd r`fIr xqjck.kh dj ldrh gS vkSjvU; fdlh Hkh er dk dksbZ xzUFk ugha dj ldrkA xkLiy vkQ xq: xzaFk esa Mk-xzahuyht us fy[kk ^ifo=rk vkSj :gkuh;r esa nqfu;ka ds /keksZa ls mapk eqdke gSA ;gfdlh dk cnyrk :i ughaA xq: xzaFk lkfgc dk :rck pksVh dk gSA ;g ckr ;dhuudgh tk ldrh gS fd ck.kh vkdk'k vkSj g`n~; ds vkarfjd çdk'k ls mRiUu gqbZ gSA;g fdlh ds i<+us lquus ls lEcU/k ugha j[krh rFkk ;g leLr ekuork dk leku:i ls vk/;kfRed Hk.Mkj gSA ;g rks dgha eglwl gh ugha gksrk fd ;g fdlhfof'k"V lEçnk; dk xzaFk gS] ;g rks ekuo ek= dk gh xazFk gS vkSj ;gh xq: xzaFk dhvykSfddrk gSA Hkkjr ds xkSjo] ukscsy iqjLdkj fotsrk Jh jfoUæ ukFk VSxkSj th lsiwNk x;k fd ;fn fo'o ds fy, vUrjkZ"Vªh; xhr cukuk gks ftlls lkjs lalkj dksçfrfuf/kRo fey lds rks VSxkSj th us xq: ukud nso th dh jpuk dh vksj b'kkjkfd;k ftlesa mUgksusa lw;Z vkSj nhid :i esa] rkjs eksrh :i esa] iou lqxfU/kr /kwi olewph çd`fr & Qy vkSj ifr;ksa ds :i esa vkdk'k :ih Fkky esa lts gSa ftlds }kjkçHkq dh fujUrj vkjrh dh tk jgh gSA blh ls dyiuk djsa fd ;fn xq: ukud nsoth dk ,d 'kCn lewph ekuork dk çfrfuf/kRo djus dh lkeF;Z j[krk gS rks lewpkxq: xzaFk vo'; gh ekuork dk xq: gqvkA
Hkkjro"kZ ds HkwriwoZ jk"Vªifr Mk- jk/kkd`".kuu~ th fy[krs gSa ^Jh xq: xzaFklkfgc th esa gesa ekuork dh vuqHkwfr] Hkoukvksa dk vn~Hkqr :i] bZo'j ds vfLrRodk xgu o.kZu vkSj bZ'ojh; çse dk ,d m}sfyr dj nsus okyk laxhr feyrk gSAlkxj vkSj ioZr dh lhekvksa ls Hkh vkxs gS og lR; tks Jh xq: xzaFk lkfgc th esa
,d vn~Hkqr mn~xkj vkSj HkfDr ls of.kZr fd;kx;k gSA Lokeh jkerhFkZ naMh lU;klh th dkdFku gS ^xq: xzaFk lkfgc esa ntZ ok.khegkdY;k.kdkjh gS D;ksafd bldk lnksins'keuq"; tkfr ds fdlh ,d oxZ ds fy, ughacfYd lewph ekuork ds fy, gSA blesa fdlh,d oxZ fd fgrksa dks çeq[krk nsus ds fy, fdlhdiV :ih deZdk.M dk o.kZu ugha feyrkcfYd ekuoh; thou dks iw.kZ lQyrk ds fy,dsoy vdky iqj[k dh HkfDr dks gh vfr lqxecrk;k gSA eqfLye mPPdksfV ds fo}ku eksgEenvkflQ [kku lkfgc QekZrs gSa ^^nq[k dh ckr;g gS fd ge eqlyeku] Jh xq: xzaFk lkfgc thdks dsoy fl[kksa dh ifo= /kfeZd] fdrkcle>dj vksj vkfd"kZr u gks ldsA gesa mUgsai<+us dh Hkh rdyhQ u dh] xq: xazFk lkfgc esa12oha lnh ls ysdj 17oha lnh rd dh cksyh]Hkk"kk] lekt rFkk lksp ds fdrus ekf.kd eksrhfijks;s gq, feyrs gSaA ;gha ugha ckdh /keksZa dsvykok bles eqlyeku HkDrksa dh ck.kh Hkhvafdr dh xbZ gSA** tukc v[kykd gqlSunsgyoh lkfgc dk dguk gS ^^ifo= xq: xzaFklkfgc fl[k /keZ dk ,d vknjuh; /keZ xzaFkugha vfirq fgUnksLrku dk igyk /keZ fujis{kxzaFk gSS ftldk ladyu xq: vtZu nso th us1604 esa fd;kA bl xazFk esa vyx vyxtkfr;ksa rFkk /keksZa ds lwQh] HkDrksa dh ck.khvafdr gS ftlls ekuoh; vkpkj mtkxj gksrkgSA**
çfl) vaxzst fo}ku Vk;uch dgrs gSa^^fl[kksa ds fy, ;g bZlkbZ;ksa ds ckbZcy]eqlyekuksa ds dqjku vkSj ;gwfn;ksa ds rkSjku lsHkh dgh vf/kd egRoiw.kZ gSA vkus okys le; esafl[k /keZ vkSj Jh xq: xazFk lkfgc lewps fo'odks ,d fo'ks"k egRo dh f'k{kk nsaxsA** ,p- ,y-cukMZ'kkg tSls çfl) nk'kZfud dk er gS ^^xq:ukud nso th ds /kkfeZd mins'kksa dks bl u;s;qx dk ,d ek= fo'okl le>uk pkfg,A ;glHkh nwljs /kekZs }kjk fn;s x;s fl)kUrksa dkslekIr dj nsrk gSA nwljs xzaFk dsoy lR; dko.kZu djrs gaS ijUrq Jh xq: xzaFk lkfgc lEiw.kZlR; dk o.kZu djrs gSaA xq: xzaFk lkfgc fo'ods ,dek= xazFk gSa] tks crkrs gSa fd bl Hkwe.My
vDrwcj 2006
39
lkMk fojlk lkMk xkSjo
ds vfrfjDr vU; Hkwe.My Hkh gSaA igys ds xzaFk ;gh crkrs Fks fd dsoy ;gh ,dlalkj gS] nwljk ughaA Jh xq: xzaFk lkfgc th vkt ds euq"; dh leL;kvksa dklPpk lek/kku gSA fgUnh ds vkpk;Z Jh gtkjh çlkn f}osnh dk dFku gS ^^Jh xq:xzaFk lkfgc th leLr ekuork ds fy, ,d fnO; lans'k gSA Jh xq: xzaFk lkfgc th dsladyudrkZ xq: vtqZu nso th egkjkt us ckf.k;ksa dk laxzg djrs gq, fdlh fof'k"VHkk"kk dk ç;ksx u dj] bUgsa Hkk"kkokn ls mij j[kk gSA** Mk- jks'kuyky th us dgk^^Jh xq: xzaFk lkfgc dk ftruk vknj fd;k tk, mruk de gSA blesa dkO; 'kL=ds vewY; tokgjkr gSaA Hkkjrh; jgL;okn ds mPp Lrjh; mnkgj.k blesa ls feyldrs gSaA Hkk"kk foKku laca/kh [kkst dk ,d fo'kky [ktkuk gSA laxhr dyk dh'kkL=h; fo/kk;sa blesa fo|eku gSaA lnkpkj rFkk ekuork ds æksfg;ksa dks æksgh dgusdh {kerk gS] rkdr gS rFkk fuMjrk gSA ;g ,sls 'khry rFkk ehBs ty dk >juk gStks ges'kk cgrk gh jgrk gS rFkk ftlds lsou ls gtkjksa nq[kh vkRekvksa dks 'kkafrvkSj 'kfDr feyrh jgrh gSA ftlds vkxs eLrd >qdkus ls vkfRed çlUurk rFkkftlds lquus ls vkfRed 'kkafr çkIr gksrh gSA ,sls vf}rh;] egku vkSj Js"B xazFk dklEeku djuk gekjk lH;kpkjd] lkfgfR;d o ukxfjd /keZ gSA** vaxzst fo}kueSDl vkFkZj eSdkfyd dk dFku gS ^^Jh xq: xksfcaUn fla?k th dk /keZ nwljs /keksZ lscgqr fHkUu gS] fo'o ds cM+s cM+s fo}kuksa us tks fy[kk vkSj dgk gS mlesa mudk viuk
dqN Hkh ugha gS] mUgksaus ijEijk ls pyh vk jghlwfDr;ksa dks dsoy nksgjk;k gSA bl lqdjkr dsfopkjksa dks ysVks rFkk tsufQu dh jpukvksa dsek/;e ls gh tkurs gSaA cq) us vius mins'kksa dksfyf[kr :i esa ugha fn;k gSA daqxQwtwftls;ksjksih; dkuQhf'k;l ds uke ls tkursgSa] us Hkh ,slk dksbZ xzUFk ugha fy[kk gS ftlesamlus vius uSfrd vkSj lkekftd fopkjksa dksO;Dr fd;k gSA bZlkbZ /keZ ds tUenkrk us viusfopkjksa dks fyf[kr :i esa ugha fn;k gSA gesamuds fo"k; esa eSF;wefdY;wd vkSj tku ds fy[ksx, xzUFkksa ds ekè;e ls ekywe gksrk gSA vjc dselhgk us Hkh dqjku dks fy[kdj is'k ughafd;kA mUgsa muds leFkZdksa us gh fy[kk ijUrqfl[k /keZ ,d vdsyk /keZ gS ftlds xq:vksa dhjpuk,a mUgksaus Lo;a laHkkydj j[kh rFkk Jhxq: xzUFk lkfgc ds :i esa ladfyr fd;kA blrjg dk ekSfyd /keZ vkSj foLr`r uSfrd ç.kkyhdgha nwljh txg ns[kus dks ugha feyrhA** Mk-eueksgu lgxy th us xq: xzUFk lkfgc ijvius fopkj bl rjg O;fDr fd;s gSa ^^;|fiJh xq: xzUFk lkfgc th dk fuekZ.k yxHkx 400o"kZ iwoZ gqvk gS ijUrq fQj Hkh orZeku thou dhçp.M leL;kvksa dk lqpk: lek/kku rFkkHkkjrh; laLd`fr dk vkn'kZ Lo:i blesan`f"Veku gSaA blfy, Jh xq: xzUFk lkfgc dksHkkokRed ,drk ijLij çse rFkk ekuork dkçpkjd xzUFk ekurs gSaA :f<+okfnrk rFkkladh.kZrk dh fuEu dksfV dh fopkj/kkjk lseqDr gksdj ftl vkn'kZ lekt dh ladYiukJh xq: xzUFk lkfgc th esa çLrqr gS] ogHkkjrh; laLd`fr dk lkjk n`f"Vdks.k dgh tkldrh gSA HkfDr rFkk 'kfDr dk xkSjoiw.kZfeJ.k Jh xq: xzUFk lkfgc th esa çR;{k rFkkLi"V fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA**
vr% vkb, ekuork ds bl jgcj dks 'kh'kfuok;sa tks dsoy flD[kksa dk /keZ xzUFk ughavfirq leLr ekuo ek= dk /keZ xzUFk gS ftlesathou dks Lo;a dks tkuus dh mRlqdrk gks rFkkftlds eu esa çHkq ijes'oj ls feyus dh rM+igksA
^^ukud uke pM+nh dyk
rsjs Hkk.ks ljcr nk Hkyk**
vDrwcj 2006
n'kgjk vkrk gS lky esa ,d ckj]fnykrk gS ;kn] cqjkbZ ij HkykbZ dh fot; dks]
jke ds gkFkksa D;ksa ugha ejrk jko.k nks ckj]D;ksa ejrk gS lky esa ,d ckjAdHkh lkspk geusa] vius ihNs fNis jko.k dks]tks gj fnu iSnk gksrk gSA
D;ksa ugha ekjrs ge mls ckj&ckjAckrsa djrs gks jko.k dks ekjus dhAekjuk gS rks [kqn ds voxq.kksa dks ekjksAladh.kZ ik[k.M+h Lo:i dks ekjks tksdjrk gS fnu Hkj fdlh dk uqdlkuA
igys vius dks lq/kkjks] bu ladh.kZfopkjksa dks NksM+ks] ladh.kZ Lo:i dks NksM+ksA
rHkh lkFkZd gksxk rqEgkjk thou] rHkh fot;gksxh cqjkbZ ij thr dhArHkh n'kgjk vkrk gS lky esa ,d ckjD;ksafd jko.k us nq"deZ fd;k Fkk]thou esa ,d ckjArHkh fot; ikbZ Fkh jke us jko.k dks ekjdjArHkh n'kgjk vkrk gS lky esa ,d ckjfnykrk gS ;kn cqjkbZ ij HkykbZ dh fot; dhA
^thr* çks-jhrk jkuhçks-jhrk jkuh
th- ,p- th- [kkylk dkfyt] xq:lj lq/kkj ¼yqf/k;kuk½th- ,p- th- [kkylk dkfyt] xq:lj lq/kkj ¼yqf/k;kuk½
40
lkMk fojlk lkMk xkSjo
vDrwcj 2006
uork ds nks vax gSA L=h vkSj iq:"k A iq:"k vkSj L=h thou :ih xkM+h ds
nks ifg, gSa A thou :ih xkM+h dks Bhd jQrkj ls pykus ds fy, nksuks ifg;ksa dk
lgh lyker vkSj 'kfDr'kkyh gksuk vfuok;Z gS A
l`f"V ds vkjEHk ls gh ukjh dh n'kk vR;Ur n;uh; jgh gS A xq: ukud nso
th ds izxV gksus ls igys L=h dks 'kqn ls Hkh cqjk le>k tkrk Fkk A mls iwtk ikB
djus dh Hkh vuqefr ugha Fkh A oSfnd lkfgR; ds v/?k;u ls irk pyrk gS fd vxj
dksbZ L=h osnksa ds 'yksd lqu ysrh Fkh] rks mlds dkuksa esa fi?kyk gqvk dkap Mky nsrs
Fks A L=h dks lc nq%[kkas dh tM+ vkSj udZ dk }kj dgk tkrk Fkk A mldh gkyr i'kq
ls Hkh cÌ+rj Fkh A enZ iz/kku lekt esa L=h dks Hkksx foykl dh oLrq le>k tkrk
FkkA
egkHkkjr vkSj jkek;.k dky esa Hkh L=h dh n'kk vPNh ugha Fkh A L=h iq:"k
ds fy, dsoy f[kykSuk ek= Fkh A tc ikaMo nzksirh dks tq,s esa gkj tkrs gSa rks dkSjo
Hkjh lHkk esa nzksinh dks viekfur djrs gaSA jke pfjr ekul ds jpkZ;rk rqylhnkl
th us rks ukjh dk vfr uhp dgk gS A rqylhnkl th dk dFku gS %&
ukFk lEiznk; esa Hkh L=h dks uQjr Hkjh fuxkgksa ls gh ns[kk x;k A o L=h
dks izHkw izkfIr ds ekxZ dh lcls cM+h ck/kk ekurs FksA
xq: ukud nso th us L=h ds izfr izpfyr ,slh fopkj/kkjk ds f[kykQ
cxkor dh A xq: ukud nso th ds vuqlkj L=h dh n'kk bruh n;uh; Fkh fd u rks
mls vius ek;ds esa LFkku feyrk Fkk vkSj u gh llqjky esa A L=h tkfr ij gksrs
vU;k;ksa dks ns[kdj mudk fny ilht mBk mUgksasus yksxksa dks dgk fd L=h iq:"k dh
nklh ugha cfYd mlls Hkh egku gS A og uhp ugh cfYd lgh vFkksZa esa nsoh gS A xq:
ukud nso th us dgk fd %& ^^ftldh dks[k ls gekjk tUe gqvk tks gekjk ikyu
iks"ku djrh gS] ftlds pj.kksa esa ge iz.kke djrs gS] ftlds fcuk fookg vkfn
egRoiw.kZ dk;Z v/kwjs gS ftlds fcuk gekjk lR; ds ekxZ ij pyuk dfBu gSA ftldh
dks[k ls cM+s&cM+s egkiq:"kksa] 'kwjohjksa vkSj ihj iSxEcjksa dk tUe gqvk gS og fuUnk dh
ik= ugha cfYd tks mldh fuUnk djrs gSa og [kqn ikih vkSj nqjkpkjh gSa A
xq: ukud nso th Qqjekrs gaS %&
ek
<ksy xaokj 'kwnz i'kq ukjh A
;g ik¡pksa rkM+u ds vf/kdkjh A
HkafM taeh,s HkafM fuaeh,
HkafM eax.kq ohvkgq AA
HkaMgq gksoS nkslrh HkaMgq pyS jkgq AA
Hkamq eqvk HkaMq Hkkyh, HkafM gksoS ca/kkuq AA
<ksy xaokj 'kwnz i'kq ukjh A
;g ik¡pksa rkM+u ds vf/kdkjh A
HkafM taeh,s HkafM fuaeh,
HkafM eax.kq ohvkgq AA
HkaMgq gksoS nkslrh HkaMgq pyS jkgq AA
Hkamq eqvk HkaMq Hkkyh, HkafM gksoS ca/kkuq AA
lks fdm eank vk[kh, ftrq tefg jktku AA
HkaMgq gh HkaM mitS HkaMS ck>q u dks, AA
ukud HkaMs ckgjk ,dks lpk lks, AA
xq: ukud nso th us L=h dks lekt esa
Å¡pk LFkku fnyk;k A flD[k /keZ esa L=h dks tks
lkekftd] jktuhfrd vkSj /kkfeZd LorU=k
izkIr gS] og vUg fdlh Hkh /keZ esa ugha gSA xqjefr
esa L=h dks uke fleju lRlax djuk xq: ?kj
dh lsok djuh vkfn fdlh Hkh rjg dh dksbZ
ikcanh ugha gS A xq: vejnkl th us Hkh L=h ds
loZi{kh fodkl ds fy, ?kw¡?kV dk fojks/k fd;k
vkSj mls [kRe djus dk gqDe fn;k A ml le;
fdlh Hkh L=h dks laxr esa ?kw¡?kV fudky dj
vkus dh vkKk ugha Fkh A mUgksus fo|ok fookg
dk Hkh leZFku fd;kA xq: th us ih<+h izFkk dk
Hkh izpyu fd;kA ftldk m)s'; L=h esa
xq:ck.kh ds izfr fnypLih mRiUu djuk Fkk A
xq: vjtqu nso th }kjk chch Hkkuh th dks eqag
ek¡xk oj nsuk Hkh xq: lkfgcku dk L=h ds izfr
usd fopkj/kkjk dks gh n'kkZrk gSA
flD[k /keZ esa ijkbZ vkSjr ij cqjh
fuxkg j[kus okyk egk ikih gS A ijkbZ csVh cgu
vkSj lk/kkj.k L=h dks vknj lfgr ^chch* dg
dj lEcksf/kr fd;k tkrk gS A ;g lc xq:
lkfgckuks ds mins'k vkSj vfezrebZ ck.kh dk
Qy gS A
lks fdm eank vk[kh, ftrq tefg jktku AA
HkaMgq gh HkaM mitS HkaMS ck>q u dks, AA
ukud HkaMs ckgjk ,dks lpk lks, AA
L=h ds izfrxqjefr nqf"Vhdks.kL=h ds izfr
xqjefr nqf"Vhdks.k
