System Analysis and Design

System Analysis and Designintroduction and context1BUSINESS DRIVERSSYSTEM ANALYTS AND PROJECT MANAGERSSYSTEM OWNERSSYSTEM USERSSYSTEM DESIGNERSSYSTEM BUILDERSTECHNOLOGY DRIVERSPROJECT PROCESS MANAGEMENTSYSTEM INITIATIONSYSTEMANALYSISSYSTEM DESIGNSYSTEM IMPLEMENTATIONT H E P R O D U C TINFORMATION SYSTEMSTransaction Process SystemManagement Information SystemDecision Support SystemExecutive Information SystemExpert SystemsCommunications and Collaboration SystemOffice Automation System2Framework for System Analysis and Designsystemgroup of interrelated components that function together to achieve a desired result

information systemarrangement of people, processes and information technology that interact to collect, process, store and provide as output the information needed to support an organization

information technologycombination of computer technology with telecommunications3Types of Information Systemtransaction processing system (TPS)captures and processes data about business transactions

management information system (MIS)provides for management oriented reporting based on transaction processing and operations of the organization

decision support system (DSS)helps to identify decision making opportunitiesprovides information to help make decisions4Types of Information Systemexpert systemcaptures the expertise of workers and then simulates that expertise to the benefit of non-experts

communications and collaboration systemenables more effective communications between workers, partners, customers and suppliers to enhance their ability to collaborate

office automation systemsupports the wide range of business office activities that provide for improved work flow between workers5Stakeholders: Players of the System GameStakeholdersAny person who has interest in an existing or proposed information systemCan be technical or nontechnical workersMay also include both internal and external workers.

Information workersJobs involve the creation, collection, processing, distribution and use of information.

Knowledge workers Subset of information workersResponsibilities are based on a specific body of knowledge6BUSINESS DRIVERSSYSTEM ANALYTS AND PROJECT MANAGERSSYSTEM OWNERSSYSTEM USERSSYSTEM DESIGNERSSYSTEM BUILDERSTECHNOLOGY DRIVERSPROJECT PROCESS MANAGEMENTSYSTEM INITIATIONSYSTEMANALYSISSYSTEM DESIGNSYSTEM IMPLEMENTATIONT H E P R O D U C TINFORMATION SYSTEMSTransaction Process SystemManagement Information SystemDecision Support SystemExecutive Information SystemExpert SystemsCommunications and Collaboration SystemOffice Automation System7StakeholdersSystem OwnersResponsible for funding thr project to be build and operatedSet the vision and priorities of the systemSystem's sponsor and executive advocateView an information system in terms of costs and benefitsSystem UsersDefine the business requirements and expectationsA "customer" who will use or is affected by an information system on a regular basisView an information system in terms of functionality providedTypesInternal system usersExternal system users8Types of System UsersInternal System UsersClerical and service workersTechnical and professional staffSupervisor, middle managers, and executive managersExternal System UsersCustomersSuppliersEmployeesRemote users users who are not physically located on the premisesMobile users users whose location is constantly changing9StakeholdersSystem DesignersTranslate the business requirements into a feasible technical solutionDesigns the computer database, inputs, outputs, screen, networks and software that will meet the system user's requirementsView an information system in terms of a design blueprint to guide constructionSystem BuildersConstruct, deploy and maintain the information systemTechnical specialist who constructs information system and components based on design specification by the system designerView an information system in terms of actual working hardware and software to implement the system10Other StakeholdersExternal Service Provider (ESP)Sells his or her expertise and experience to other businesses to help purchase, develop or integrate their information systems solutionsbe affiliated with a consulting or services organization

Project Manageraccepts responsibility for planning, monitoring and controlling projects with respect to schedule, budget, deliverables, customer satisfaction, technical standards and system quality11What drives today's Information System business wise?Globalization of the EconomyElectronic Commerce and BusinessSecurity and PrivacyCollaboration and PartnershipKnowledge Asset ManagementContinuous Improvement and Total Quality ManagementBusiness Process Redesign12BUSINESS DRIVERSSYSTEM ANALYTS AND PROJECT MANAGERSSYSTEM OWNERSSYSTEM USERSSYSTEM DESIGNERSSYSTEM BUILDERSTECHNOLOGY DRIVERSPROJECT PROCESS MANAGEMENTSYSTEM INITIATIONSYSTEMANALYSISSYSTEM DESIGNSYSTEM IMPLEMENTATIONT H E P R O D U C TINFORMATION SYSTEMSTransaction Process SystemManagement Information SystemDecision Support SystemExecutive Information SystemExpert SystemsCommunications and Collaboration SystemOffice Automation System13Globalization of the EconomyBrings:New and expanded international marketsNew international competitorsImpact on Information SystemRequire support of multiple languages, currency, exchange rates, business culturesRequire consolidation of international dataDemand for players who can communicate orally and in writingwith managementspeak different languages14Electronic Commerce and BusinessE-Commerce the buying and selling of goods and services by using the internetE-Businessthe use of internet to conduct and support day-to-day business activities Types Marketing of corporate image, products and servicesBusiness-to-consumer (B2C)Business-to-businees (B2B)Impact on Information Systemnew information systesm are being designed for an internet (or intranet) architecture15Electronic Commerce Storefront

16Electronic Business

17Security and PrivacySecurityHow will the business continue in the event of a security breach, terrorist attack or disaster?How can the business protect its digital assests from outside breach?

PrivacyConsumer demands for privacy in e-commerce transactionsGovernment requirements

Impact on Information SystemsNeed to incorporate stringent security and privacy controls18Collaboration and PartnershipOrganizations seek to break down the walls that separate organizational departments and functionsOrganizations collaborate with outside business partners and even competitors

Impact on Information Systemsneed to provide secure, external accessneed to pass data between different information systems19Knowledge Asset ManagementDataraw facts about people, places, events and things that are of importance in an organization

Informationdata that has been processed into a more meaningful form for someone

Knowledgedata and information that is further refined based on the facts, truths, beliefs, judgments, expericen and expertise of the recepient

20Knowledge Asset ManagementRecognize that data, information and knowledge are ciritical business resources

"How can an organization manage and share knowledge for competitive advantage?"

Strives to integrate the data and information that can create and preserve knowledge21Continuous Improvement and Total Quality ManagementBusiness process tasks that respond to bsuiness eventsthe work procedures and rules required to complete the business tasksindependent of any information technology used to autotmate or support them

Continuous Process Improvementmonitoring of business process to effect small but measurable improvements in cost reduction and value added

Total Quality Managementcomprehensive approach to facilitating quality improvements and management within a business22Business Process Redesignstudy, analysis and redesign of fundamental business process to reduce costs and/or improve value added to the business

more substantial changes and improvements than CPI

usually complemented by CPI23What drives today's Information System technology wise?Networks and the InternetMobile and Wireless TechnologiesObject TechnologiesCollaborative TechnologiesEnterprise Applications24BUSINESS DRIVERSSYSTEM ANALYTS AND PROJECT MANAGERSSYSTEM OWNERSSYSTEM USERSSYSTEM DESIGNERSSYSTEM BUILDERSTECHNOLOGY DRIVERSPROJECT PROCESS MANAGEMENTSYSTEM INITIATIONSYSTEMANALYSISSYSTEM DESIGNSYSTEM IMPLEMENTATIONT H E P R O D U C TINFORMATION SYSTEMSTransaction Process SystemManagement Information SystemDecision Support SystemExecutive Information SystemExpert SystemsCommunications and Collaboration SystemOffice Automation System25Networks and the InternetNetworks include mainframe time-sharing systems, network servers, and a variety of desktop, laptop and handheld client computersThe most pervasive networking technologies are based on the InternetXHTML and XML, HTML 5Scripting languagesWeb-specific programming languagesIntranetsExtranetsPortalsWeb Servicesextranet -an intranet that can be partially accessed by authorized outside users, enabling businesses to exchange information over the Internet securely.intranet -a local or restricted communications network, especially a private network created using World Wide Web software.26Networks and the InternetMobile and Wireless technologyhandheld and touchscreen devicessmart phonesbluetoothWIFI or Wireless networkingwearable technology

Impact on Information Systemswireless connectivity must be assumedlimitations of mobile devices and screen sizes must be accomodated27Object Technologiessoftware technology that defines a system in terms of objects that consolidate data and behavior Object oriented analysis and designcollection of tools and techniques for systems development that will utilize object technologies to construct a system and its softwareAgile developmentsystem development strategy in which developers are given the flexibility to select tools and techniques to best approach the task at handScrum developmentiterative and incremental agile software developmentduring a project, customers customers can change their mind on what they want and need that cannot be addressed in a traditional predictive or planned mannerfocused on maximizing team's ability to deliver quickly and respond to emerging requirements

28Collaborative Technologiesenhance interpersonal communications and teamworksample:e-mailinstant messaginggroup warework flowwiki29

Enterprise Applicationsvirtually all organizations require a core set of enterprise applicationsfinancial management, human resources, sales and etctracking for frequently purchasedfrequently need to have custom elements added

Systems Integrationprocess of building a unified information system out of diverse component of purchase software, custome built software, hardware and networking30Enterprise ApplicationsCustomer Relationship ManagementFinancial ManagementMarketing and SalesHuman Resource ManagementOperations Management Supply Chain Management CUSTOMERSSUPPLIERSDISTRIBUTORSENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING31Enterprise ApplicationsEnterprise Resource PlanningSoftware application that fully integrates information systems that span most or all of the basic, core business function An ERP solution is built around a common database shared by common business functions

Supply Chain Managementapplication that optimizes business process for raw material procurement to finish product distributiondirectly integrarting logistical information systems of organizations with those of the suppliers and distributorsdraw on board a supply chain movementthe farms - food processing plant - freight company - distribution center - freight company - the restaurants32Enterprise ApplicationsEnterprise Application Integrationprocess and technologies used to link application to support the flow of data and information between applications

Middleware software used to translate and route data between different applications33Enterprise ApplicationsCustomer Relationship ManagementENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING APPLICATIONSENTERPRISE APPLICATION INTEGRATION Other Custom Built ApplicationsSupply Chain Management CUSTOMERSSUPPLIERSDISTRIBUTORSOther Purchased Applications34System Development ProcessSet of activities, methods, best practicies, deliverables and automated tools that stakeholders use to develop and maintain information systems and software.

General problem-solving approachIdentify the problemAnalyze and understand the problemIndentify solution requirements and expectationsIndentify alternative solutions and choose "best" course of actionDesign the chosen solutionImplement the chosen solutionEvaluate the results. If problem is not solved, return to step 1 or 2 as appropriate.35BUSINESS DRIVERSSYSTEM ANALYTS AND PROJECT MANAGERSSYSTEM OWNERSSYSTEM USERSSYSTEM DESIGNERSSYSTEM BUILDERSTECHNOLOGY DRIVERSPROJECT PROCESS MANAGEMENTSYSTEM INITIATIONSYSTEMANALYSISSYSTEM DESIGNSYSTEM IMPLEMENTATIONT H E P R O D U C TINFORMATION SYSTEMSTransaction Process SystemManagement Information SystemDecision Support SystemExecutive Information SystemExpert SystemsCommunications and Collaboration SystemOffice Automation System36System Development ProcessSIMPLIFIED SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROCESSGENERAL PROBLEM SOLVING STEPSSystem InitiationIdentify the problemSystem AnalysisAnalyze and understand the problemIdentify the solution requirements and expectationsSystem DesignIdentify alternative solutions and choose "best" course of actionDesign the chosen solutionsSystem ImplementationImplement the chosen solutionEvaluate the results. If the problem is not solved, return to step 1 and 2 as appropriate37System Development ProcessSystem Initiationinitial planning for a project to define initial business scope, goals, schedule and budget deliverables: produce a business problem statement project plan

System Analysisstudy of business problem domain to recomment improvementsspecify business requirements identified in a system analysisdeliverables: produce a statement of of the system users' business requirements, expectations and priorities38System AnalystsA specialist who studies the problems and needs of an organization to determine how people, data, process and information technology can best accomplish improvements for the businessTypesProgrammer/analyst includes responsibilities both the computer program and system analystBusiness analyst - focuses only on the non-technical aspects of systems analysis and designProblems needs solving define as:Problems real or anticipate, that require corrective action.Opportunities to improve situation despite absence of complaintsDirective to change a situation regardless of whether anyone has complained about the current situation

39System Analyst SkillsWorking knowledge of information technologyComputer programming experience and expertiseGeneral business knowledgeGeneral problem solving skillsGood interpersonal communication skillsFlexibility and adaptabilityCharacter and ethics40System Development ProcessSystem Designspecification or construction of a technical, computer-based solution for the business requirementsdeliverables: produces a technical blueprint and specifications for a solution

System Implementationconstruction, installation, testing and delivery of a system into productiondeliverables: produces the technical hardware and software solution for the business problem41Project and Process ManagementProject Managementactivity of defining, planning, directing, monitoring and controlling a project to develop an acceptable system within an alloted time and budget.

Process Managementongoing activity that defines, improves and coordinates the use of an organization's chosen methodology and standards fro all system development projects.42