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Copyright2013byBentleySystems,Inc.Version7.0Revision2
1.0INTRODUCTION
1.1OVERVIEW
SACSIV,thegeneralpurposethreedimensionalstaticstructuralanalysisprogram,isthefocalpointforallprogramsintheSACSsystem.Itgivestheuserthecapabilityofmodelingalargearrayofstructuresfromsimpletwodimensionalspaceframeanalysestocomplexthreedimensionalfiniteelementanalyses.SACSIVcanalsobeusedfornonlinearstaticanalysiswhencoupledwithPSImoduleordynamicresponseanalysiswhencoupledwiththeDynpac,WaveResponseandDynamicResponsemodules.
SACSIVreferstothreeoftheprogrammodulesoftheSACSsystem,namelythepreprocessormodulePre,thesolvermoduleSolveandthepostprocessormodulePost.Thepostprocessormodule,Post,canbeexecutedaspartofSACSIVorasanindividualanalysisstep.ThismanualaddressesthefeaturesandcapabilitiesofthePreandSolvemodulesandincludestheprocedureusedtorunPostaspartofSACSIV.ThePostmanualaddressestheexecutionofthepostprocessorasaseparatestepandincludesadetaileddiscussionontheprogramcapabilities.
1.2PROGRAMFEATURES
SACSIVrequiresaSACSmodelfileoroutputstructuraldatafileforexecutionandcreatesacommonsolutionfilecontaininganalysisresults.
SomeofthemainfeaturesandcapabilitiesofSACSIVare:
1. Allowsspecificationofvariousinputoptions,analysisoptions,andoutputreportswithinthemodelfile.2. AllowsspecificationofpostprocessoroptionswithinthemodelfileandcanautomaticallyexecutePOST.3. CanaccessmemberpropertiesfromoneofvarioussectionpropertyfilesincludedwiththeSACSsystem,fromuserdefinedsectionpropertyfilesorfromsections
definedwithinthemodelfile4. Supportsvariousbeamelementtypesincluding:
a. Tubularb. Channelc. Angled. Teee. PlateGirderf. Prismaticg. Coneh. Box&StiffenedBoxi. StiffenedCylinderj. LaunchRunnerk. JackupLegl. DoubleAngle
m. RectangularTuben. DoubleWebPlateGirdero. BoxedPlateGirderp. BoxedPlateGirderq. UnsymetricPlateGirder
5. Supportsvarioussixdegreeoffreedomtriangularandquadrilateralplateelementtypesincluding:
a. Isotropicb. Membranec. Sheard. Stiffenede. Corrugated
6. Contains6,8and9nodetriangularandrectangularshellelements.7. Containsthefollowingsolidelementsshapes:
a. 4nodetetrahedronb. 5nodepyramidc. 6nodewedged. 8nodebrick
8. Beamandfiniteelementoffsets.9. Rotationalandtranslationalmemberreleases.
10. Springsupportstogroundincludingatobliqueangles.11. Localandglobalelementloads.12. Memberlinearandconcentratedloadsinlocalorglobalcoordinatesystem.13. Jointloads.14. Thermalloads.15. Specifiedsupportdeflections.16. Supportstaperedsections.17. SupportstwoanalysistechniquesforplateelementsincludingDKTandtraditionalplatebeamstriptheory.
SomeofPostmodulefeatureswhichcanbespecifieddirectlyinthemodelfileare:
1. Membercheckcodeincluding:AISC,APIRP2A,Eurocode3,ISO,NorwegianPetroleumDirectorateandDanishOffshore,etc.2. APIandDNVhydrostaticcollapseanalysis.3. API2Uand2VBulletins4. Eulerbucklingcheckforsegmentedmembers.5. Automaticmemberredesign.6. Allowablestressmodifiers.7. Finiteelementcodecheckandstiffenerstressoutput.
Note:RefertothePostUser=sManualforadetaileddiscussionofthepostprocessormodulecapabilities.
1.3SACSIVMODELCOMPONENTS
TheSACSIVmodelfileisthestandardinputforalltypesofanalysesintheSACSSystem.Theuserneedgenerateonlyonestructuralmodelthatcanbeusedinanytypeofanalysis.
ThemodelfilecanbegeneratedbyvariousSACSprogrammodules.Precede,DataGeneratororatexteditorisusedtocreatetheanalysisoptions,modelgeometryanduserdefinedloading.SeastateorWaveResponseisusedtogenerateenvironmentalloadingdataresultingfromwave,wind,current,deadweightandbuoyancy.Launch,FlotationorTowisusedtogenerateloadsinducedbyajacketlaunch,upendingsequenceoftransportationrespectively.Themodelfileismadeupofthefollowing:
1. AnalysisOptions2. PostProcessorOptions3. MaterialandSectionPropertyData4. ElementData5. JointData6. LoadData
1.4ANALYSISOPTIONS
AnalysisoptionsmaybespecifiedinthemodelfileormaybedesignatedwhencreatingtherunfileusingtheExecutive.OptionsspecifiedinthemodelfileareinputontheOPTIONSinputlineasfollows:
1. Unitsmustbespecifiedincolumns1415a.ENEnglishb.MNMetricwithKNforcec.MEMetricwithKgforce
2. CreateSuperElement(column10)3. ImportSuperElement(column9)4. Consider/Ignorememberreleases(columns2122)5. Include/Excludesheareffects(columns2324)6. IncludePDeltaeffectsintheanalysis(columns1718)
ThefollowingsampleinputdesignatesEnglishunits,astandardanalysis(columns1920blank)andincludesheareffects:
Twoanalysistechniquesforplateelementsaresupported,,DKT(DiscreteKirchhofftheory)andtraditionalplatebeamstriptheory.Bydefault,DKTplatetheoryisused.EnterNDincolumns3637tousethetraditionalbeamstripmethod.
Note:Forsomestructures,axialforcehasasignificanteffectonthelateralstiffnessoftheelements.ThePDeltaoptiongivesafirstorderapproximationoftheseeffects.UsingthePDeltaoptionrequiresspecifyingPDeltaloadcases(ie.theloadcasesusedtodeterminetheaxialforceinthemember)usingtheLCSELlinewiththe>PD=option.
Twoanalysistechniquesforsolidelementsaresupported,traditionalconstantstrain3degreeoffreedomsolidsandisoparametric6degreeoffreedomsolids.Bydefault,constantstrain3DOFsolidsareused.Enter6incolumn71tousetheisoparametric6DOFsolids.
Solidjointorderinghastwooptionsaswell.Bydefault,solidsjointsareorderedsuchthatflatplanesinsolidelementsbecomesolidfaces.AmorerobustorderingschemewhichallowssolidfacewarpagemaybespecifiedwithanRincolumn72.
1.5POSTPROCESSOROPTIONS
PostprocessoroptionsmaybespecifiedintheSACSmodelfilebutarenotrequired.ThepostprocessoroptionsspecifiedareusedasdefaultsbythePostandPostvueprogramsandmaybemodifiedinthePostinputfile.
Note:APostinputfileisnotnecessaryifthepostprocessingoptionsspecifiedinthemodelfilearetobeused.
Thefollowingisabriefdiscussionofthepostprocessingoptionsthatmaybespecifiedinthemodelfile.ThePostUsersManualaddressesthesefeaturesindetail.
1.5.1MemberCheckCode
ThecodethatmemberstressesaretobecheckedwithrespecttoisspecifiedontheOPTIONSlineincolumns2526.
1.5.2MemberCheckLocations
ThelocationsatwhichtochecknonsegmentedandsegmentedmembersarespecifiedontheOPTIONSlineincolumns2930and3132respectively.
Fornonsegmentedmembers,thenumberofequallengthpiecesthememberistobedividedintoshouldbestipulated.Forsegmentedmembers,specifythenumberofpieceseachsegmentofthememberistobedividedinto.Ineithercase,thememberischeckedatthebeginningandendofeachpiece.
1.5.3OutputReports
ThedesiredoutputreportsaredesignatedontheOPTIONSinputline.Formemberreports,whenPTisenteredintheappropriatecolumns,allmembersarereportedunlessSKappearsontheindividualMEMBERline.WhenSEisspecifiedforamemberdetailreport,onlymemberswithRPontheMEMBERlinearereported.
1.5.4RedesignParameters
Ifautomaticredesignisdesired,theparametersaredesignatedontheREDESIGNinputlines.
1.5.5HydrostaticCollapseParameters
HydrostaticcollapseparametersarespecifiedontheHYDROinputline.Fullhydrostaticcheckincludingactualmemberstressesduetoaxialforces,bendingandhoopstresscanbeperformedbythePostprogram.
1.5.6GroupingElementsbyUnityCheckRatio
Elementswithunitycheckratiosthatfallwithinadefinedrangecanbeprintedtogetherasareportgroup.UptothreerangesmaybedefinedusingtheUCPARTinputline.
Forexample,allelementswithunitycheckratiogreaterthan1.00canbereportedinthefirstreport,elementswithunitycheckratiobetween0.8and1.0inthesecondandelementswithunitycheckratiobetween0.5and0.8inthethirdreport.
1.5.7AllowableStress/MaterialFactor
ForAPI/AISCworkingstressanalysis,thecalculatedallowablestressesforaloadcase(orloadcombination)canbemodifiedbyspecifyingtheloadcasenameandtheappropriateallowablestressfactorontheAMODline.
ForNPDanalysis,thematerialfactorusedforallloadcasesisspecifiedusingtheAMODline.Onlyonematerialfactormaybespecifiedanditmustbedesignatedforthefirstloadcaseinthemodel,althoughitwillbeusedforallloadcases.mE
ForDanishcodeanalysis,thefactorsmandEselectedontheGRUPlinecanbechangedforallmembersbyusingtheAMODline.Onlyonefactormaybespecifiedanditmustbedesignatedforthefirstloadcaseinthemodel,anditwillbeusedforallloadcases.Thisisusefulforblastanalysis.
1.5.8ResistanceFactors
TheresistancefactorsindicatedbyAPIareusedbydefaultwhenselectingLRFDcodes.TheusercanspecifythatresistancefactorsindicatedforAISCorAPIseismiccodesaretobeusedbyenteringCorSincolumn40ontheOPTIONSline.
Forexample,thefollowinglinespecifiesthatresistancefactorsindicatedbyAISCaretobeused.
1.5.9UserDefinedResistanceFactors
TheusercanmodifytheresistancefactorstobeusedforLFRDanalysesusingtheRFLRFDline.Theresistancefactorsforyield,axialcompression,axialtension,bending,shearandhoopcapacitiesfortubularandnontubularmemberscanbeentered.
Forexample,thefollowinglinespecifiesthat1.0istobeusedforaxialcompressionandtensionforbothtubularandnontubularmembers.
Note:Whenspecifyingresistancefactors,thedefaultvaluesontheRFLRFDlineareusedforfieldsinwhichnooverridehasbeenspecified.
1.5.10EuroCodeCheckOptions
TheOPTIONSlinehasbeenupdatedtoincludethenewcodecheckoptionforEurocode3EN199311:2005enterE5atcolumn2526ofOPTIONSlineforthenewcode.Whenthiscodeisactivated,thenontubularmemberswillbecheckedforEurocode3:2005.Currently,thecrosssectionsofWideFlange,PlateGirder,WeldedBox,RolledRectangularTube,DoubleWebPlateGirder,andBoxedPlateGirderaresupported.ThetubularandconicalmemberswillbecheckedaccordingtoNorsokN0042004.ForEurocode3EN199311:v1992,theIDisstillECinOPTIONSlineasbefore.
TheCODEEClinecanbeusedtomodifythedefaultEurocodecheckoption,shearareaoption,theresistancefactorsM0valueandtheM1value.ForEurocode3:2005,themethodforinteractionfactors,theoptionofnationalannexes,andthefactorofshearbucklingcanbemodifiedorselectedintheCODEline.Formoredetails,pleaserefertothelinedescriptioninthemanual.
1.5.11SpanDesignation
TheSPANinputlinecanbeusedtoidentifyanalyticalbeamelementsthatmakeupphysicalmembersforserviceabilityandcodecheckrequirementsbyenteringthejointsinorderofoccurrenceinthespan.Anynumberofmemberscanbeincludedinacontinuousline.CantilevermemberscanalsobeanalyzedbutmustbespecifiedbyenteringCincolumn14oftheSPANline.Momentdiscontinuitiesandmomentmemberendreleasesareallowedalongthecontinuousmember,however,forceendreleasesarenotallowed.
Note:ThebeamelementlocalxaxesofallelementsdefinedintheSPANlinearerequiredtobeactinginthesamedirection.
1.5.12AISC2005(13thEdition)Options
InusingAISC2005,theuserhastwooptionscorrespondingtoASDdesignandLRFDdesign.IfoptionAAisselectedincolumns2526onOPTIONSline,thiswillactivatecodecheckbyASDmethodofAISC2005fornontubularmembersandWSDmethodofAPIRP2A21steditionfortubularmembers.IfoptionALisselectedthenthiswillactivatecodecheckbyLRFDmethodofAISC2005fornontubularmembersandLRFDmethodofAPIRP2ALRFD1steditionfortubularmembers.
1.5.13PanelCodeCheckOptions
Column35oftheOPTIONSlinecanbeusedforselectingcodechecksforstiffenedorunstiffenedpanels.EnterAforAPIBULL2VorDforDnVRPC201.CurrentlyonlyDnVRPC201codeofpracticeisimplemented
TheDnVRPC201platepanelcodecouldbeusedinaccordancetoeithertheLRFDorWSDstandardsbyspecifyingtheappropriatecodecheckoptionsincolumn2526ofOPTIONSline.
ThePCODEinputlineforDnVRPC201codeofpracticemaybeusedtoinputuserdefinedparameters.CurrentlyalltheoptionsinthislineareonlyapplicabletoDnVRPC201codeofpractice.ThefollowinginputcanbedefinedonthePCODEline.
a.Column1419:materialfactorM(default1.15).
b.Column20:Methodselectionforeffectivewidthcalculationofgirdersinaccordancetosection8.4(Method2isthedefault).Thisoptionisonlyvalidfororthogonallystiffenedpanels.
c.Column2125:EnteranallowableusagefactoraccordingtoWSDstandardifthepaneltobecheckedinaworkingstressdesignstandard(WSD)(default0.6).
Note:IftheWSD(sometimesalsoreferredtoasASD)codeisselectedincolumns2526ofOPTIONSline,thentheplatepanelwillbecheckinaccordanceWSDstandardusingtheuserspecifiedusagefactorfromthePCODEline.Ifcolumns2125ofPCODElineareleftblank,thenthedefaultusagefactorof0.6willbeused.However,iftheLRFDcodeisselectedincolumns2526ofOPTIONSline,thentheplatepanelwillbecheckinaccordancetotheLRFDstandard.Inthiscase,theusagefactorfromcolumns2125ofPCODElinewillbeignoredevenifavaluehasbeenspecified.
d.Columns2631:Thealphalimitfornonrectangularpanels(default10degrees).Ifthislimitexceededforanypanelthentheprogramwillissueawarningmessagetoremindtheuserthatanequivalentrectangularpanelusingalargerdimensionsparalleltostiffener(s)ofthefirststiffenedplateinthepanel
willbeusedforthecodecheck.
e.Column3237:Limitforpanelcoplanarcheck(defaultto400,i.e.coplanarcheckwillbelimitedtopanellength/400andpanelwidth/400whicheverisless).
1.5.14ISOcodecheckoptions
ISO19902:2007codecheckontubularmembers,conicaltransitions,anddentedandgroutedmembershasbeensupported.IScodeoptioncanbeselectedonOPTIONSline.ISO199013:2010containsrequirementsandguidancefortopsidesstructures.Inordertospecifytheassociatedcodecheckoptionfornontubularstructuralmembers,CODEISlinemustbeused,whereusermaychooseEurocode3:2005,Eurocode3:1992,AISC13th2005LRFD,CanadianCSAS162009,andNS3472.Theresistancefactorsoftubularorconicalsectionsunderaxialtension,compression,bending,shearandhoopcompressioncanbemodifiedinCODEISline.Ifnecessary,thecorrespondingresistancefactorsforEurocode3codescanbeenteredinCODEECline,forAISC13thLRFDcodeinRFLRFDline,andforCanadiancodeinRFLRFDlinetoo.NotethatthebuildingcodecorrespondencefactorKcinISO199013isnotsupportedincodecheckandstillunderinvestigation.Formoredetails,pleaserefertotheassociatedlinedescriptionincardimage.
1.5.15NorsokStandardN004codecheckoptions
NorsokStandardN004"Designofsteelstructures"specifiesguidelinesandrequirementsfordesignanddocumentationofoffshoresteelstructuresandhasbeenupdatedtoRev3,2013.SACSsupportbothRev2,2004andRev3,2013intubularmembersandconicaltransitionscodecheck.EnterNSatcolumn2526ofOPTIONSlineforv2004and"NC"forthelatest2013code.ThenontubularmembersarecheckedbyNS3472for"NS"option,andbyEurocode3:2005for"NC"option.ForEurocode3code,thecorrespondingresistancefactorscanbeenteredinCODEECline.
Note:SectionAnnexK.5.3GroutedconnectioninNorsokN004isnotsupportedinSACS.Forfatigueanalysis,pleaserefertoSACSFatiguemanualfordetails.Forsimpletubularjointdesign,pleaserefertoSACSJointCanmanual.
1.5.16ALSloadcasesspecification
Ingeneral,ULS(ultimatelimitstate)isthedefaultstateinmembers'LRFDcodecheck.InordertodoALS(accidentallimitstate)analysis,userneedstomodifytheassociatedresistancefactorsandrunaseparatedpostprocessinganalysis.SACSnowsupportspecifyingloadcasesasULSorALSinonepostprocessingmembercodecheck.ThisfeatureisperformedbyusingAMODlinesandworksonlyforNorsokStandardN004,Eurocode3,andISO19902codes.InAMODlines,loadcaseswithAMODvaluespecifiedto2.0areconsideredasALSwhosepartialresistancefactorsormaterialfactorsaremodifiedto1.0automaticallyincodechecktheloadcaseswithoutAMODvalue(default)orAMODvaluesetto1.0areULSwithappropriateresistancefactors.Notethat,NorsokStandardN004doesnotallowthematerialfactorMinULSloadcasetobemodified,whichequalsto1.15forEurocode3andISO19902,usermaydefineULSresistancefactorsinCODEECorCODEISline,respectively.
1.6SELECTINGLOADCASESFOROUTPUT
Theloadcasesforwhichoutputresultsaredesired,maybedesignatedinthemodelfileusingtheLCSELline.Foraparticularanalysistype,resultsonlyforloadcasesspecifiedforthattypearereported.
Specifyloadcasesincolumns1775andtheanalysistypetowhichthelistofloadcasespertainincolumns78asfollows:
STStandardstaticanalysisand/orPSIanalysisGPGapelementanalysisDYConverttomassforDynpacanalysisPDDesignatesgravityloadusedtodeterminePDeltaeffectsforsecondorderanalysisand/ormomentmagnifiersforconcreteelementsinfirstorderanalysis.
LeavefunctionblankiftheloadcaseslistedaretobeusedforstandardSTanddynamicDYfunctions.
Forexample,thefollowinglinesdesignatethatloadcasesGRAV,ST01andST02aretobeusedforstandardanalyses,whileloadcasesBOATandMISCaretobeconvertedtomasswhenrunningDynpac.
Note:MorethanoneLCSELlinemaybeused.IfnoLCSELlineisspecified,allloadcasesareusedforstandardanalysis.
1.6.1PDeltaLoadCases
Thelateralstiffnessofanelementisafunctionofaxialforcesuchthataxialcompressionreducesthelateralstiffnesswhileaxialtensionincreasesthelateralstiffness.Fortypicallinearstaticanalysis,theeffectofaxialforceonthelateralstiffnessisnegligible.Forsomestructures,howevertheaxialforcedoeshaveasignificanteffectonthelateralstiffnessoftheelements.ThePDeltaoptiongivesafirstorderapproximationoftheseeffects.
WhenusingthePDeltaoption,theprogramcalculatesthelateralstiffnessofeachmemberusingareferenceaxialforceobtainedfromtheloadcasesdesignatedasPDeltaloadcases.
Forexample,ifmostoftheaxialloadintheelementsofastructureisduetodeadloadingorotherverticalloading,thecorrespondingloadcasesshouldbedesignatedasPDeltaloadcases.ThelateralstiffnessforeachmemberwillthenbedeterminedconsideringtheaxialforceduetothedesignatedPDeltaloadcases.
ThefollowingdesignatesthatloadcasesDEAD,MISC,EQPTandAREAaretobeusedtoincludetheeffectsaxialloadhasonlateralstiffness.
Note:Iftwodifferentdesignloadcasescausecompletelydifferentaxialloading,thenaseparateanalysismustberunforeachofthedesignloadcase.Forexample,ifonecasecausessignificantaxialcompressionwhileanothercausessignificantaxialtension,separateanalysesmustbeexecuted.
1.6.2LargeDeflectionorPDeltaAnalysis
WhenchoosingbetweenlargedeflectionorPDeltaoptionsforanalysis,somefactorsshouldbeconsidered.PDeltaanalysisgivesafirstorderapproximationoftheeffectofaxialforceonthelateralstiffnessofthestructure.Largedeflectionanalysisisahigherorderapproximation.Assuch,thePDeltaoptionisusefulforstructuresinwhichthelateraldeflectionislessthan10%ofthetotalstructureheight(groundsupportedstructures).Forexample,ina300footplatform/towerassembly,PDeltaanalysiswouldbevalidfortowerdeflectionsinanydirectionoflessthan30feet.PDeltaanalysisislimitedtothedeflectionofframedstructures(beams).Forstructuresconsistingofplates
orothersolidelements,PDeltaanalysisdoesnotapplyandtheuseofthisanalysiswillnotmakeanydifferenceintheresults.
Largedeflectionanalysisisusedwhenloaddependentdeflectionsordiaphragmactioniscommon.UnlikePDeltaanalysis,largedeflectionanalysisislimitedtooneloadcaseperrun.Forexample,aplatedboilermightbeanalyzedwithlargedeflectionanalysis,beingasthelargeplatedeflectionswillcausetheboilerwallstobehavelikeadiaphragmwithmembraneactionratherthanalinearplatewithonlybendingstiffness.
1.7FACTORINGLOADCASES
LoadcasesmaybefactoredforparticulartypesofanalysesusingtheLCFACline.Specifyloadcasesincolumns1775,thefactortobeappliedincolumns1116andtheanalysistypetowhichtheloadfactorpertainsincolumns78asfollows:
STStandardstaticanalysisand/orPSIanalysisDYConverttomassforDynpacanalysisLeavefunctionblankiftheloadcaseslistedaretobeusedforstandardSTanddynamicDYfunctions.
Forexample,thefollowinglinesdesignatethatloadcasesBOATandMISCaretobefactoredby0.5whenconvertedtomassforDynpac.
Note:MorethanoneLCFAClinemaybeused.Whenloadcasefactorsarespecified,theloadcaseisfactoredbeforebeingappliedtoanyloadcombinations.
1.8MATERIALANDSECTIONPROPERTYDATA
EachbeamandplateelementintheSACSmodelisassignedtoagroupwhichcontainsthematerialandsectionpropertydataforallelementsassignedtothatgroup.Elementswiththesamenumberofsegmentsandidenticalstructural,materialandcodecheckpropertiesmaybeassignedtothesamegroup.
1.8.1SectionProperties
Thefollowingsectiondetailsdefiningsectionpropertiesforbeamandfiniteelements.
1.8.2NonTubularMembers
SectionpropertiesfornontubularbeamelementsaredefinedbythesectionreferencedontheGRUPlineofthegrouptheelementisassignedto.Referencedsectionsthataredefinedinthesectionlibraryfileneednotbedefinedinthemodelfile.NontubularsectionsthatarenotdefinedinthesectionlibraryfilemustbedefinedinthemodelfileusingaSECTIONline.
WhendefiningsectionpropertiesusingaSECTIONline,thesectionnameisdesignatedincolumns612,thesectiontypein1618andthedimensionsin5080.Crosssectiontypessupportedare:
1. Tubular2. WideFlange3. CompactWideFlange4. Box5. Tee6. GeneralPrismatic7. Channel8. PlateGirder9. Angle
10. Cone11. StiffenedBox12. StiffenedCylinder
Stiffnesspropertiesarecalculatedfromthedimensionsinputbutmaybeoverriddenincolumns1948.Whenoverridingstiffness,allvaluesmustbeinput.
Note:Iftheuserinputsanyofthecrosssectionproperties(column19to48ontheSECTline),theprogramwillusetheinputvalueofthecglocation.Otherwisetheprogramcomputesitusingthecrosssectiondimensions.Stiffnessvaluesforanglecrosssectionsmaynotbeoverridden.
ThefollowingsampledefinestheplategirdersectionPLGRD2referencedbygroupZB1andboxsectionRECTANG.Theboxsectionhasstiffnessvaluesspecified.SectionW24X76referencedbygroupW02isobtainedfromthesectionlibraryfile.
Note:Whenusingsectionsdefinedinthesectionlibraryfile,thesectionlabelspecifiedonthemembergrouplinemustmatchthenameinthelibraryfileexactly.Also,sectionsdefinedinthelibraryfilemaybeoverriddenbydefiningthesamesectioninthemodelfile.
Angle,teeandbulbcrosssectionsmaybeutilizedasstiffeningelements.Forexample,ifthestemofateecrosssectioniscontinuouslyconnectedtoaplateorgirderstructure,thentheteecrosssectionwillreinforcethestructuretowhichitisattached.Tospecifythatanangle,teeorbulbcrosssectionistoserveasastiffener,enterSincolumn15oftherelevantSECTline.ThefollowingdesignatesthatanglecrosssectionSTFANGLwillbeusedasacontinuouslyconnectedstiffenerinthemodel.
Note:Onlyangle,teeandbulbsectionsusedasstiffenersmaybe
specifiedinthismanner.
1.8.3TubularMembersFortubularsections,sectionpropertiescanbedefinedonaSECTIONlineorcanbecalculateddirectlyfromtheoutsidediameterandwallthicknessinputontheGRUPline.WhenasectionlabelisspecifiedontheGRUPline,thepropertiesaredeterminedfromtheinputonthecorrespondingSECTIONline.ThesectionlabelfieldshouldbeleftblankwhensectionpropertiesaretobedeterminedfromtheoutsidediameterandwallthicknessspecifiedontheGRUPline.
ThefollowingdefinestubulargroupsBL1andBL2.ThepropertiesfromBL1aredesignatedontheGRUPlinewhilethepropertiesforgroupBL2areobtainedfromsectionCAN105definedusingasectionline.
1.8.4GroutedTubularMembers
Groutedsectionsaredefinedusingatubularsection.TheODandthicknessofeachoftheconcentrictubesmustbespecifiedontheSECTIONline.Forpurposeofdeterminingtheweight,theannulusisassumedtobefilledwithgrout(150#/ft3).Forstiffnesspurposes,however,thegroutintheannulusisignored.
ThefollowingdefinesthegroutedleggroupGL2usingsectionGLEG103whichcontains103.ODand90.0ODconcentrictubulars.
1.8.5DentedTubularMembers
DentedtubularsectionsaredefinedusingaSECTIONlinewithDTBincolumns1618.TheODandthicknessofthetubularmustbespecifiedontheincolumns5055and5660,respectively.Thedentdepthandgroutfillratioareinputincolumns6166and6771.Ifthesectionisbentandthebendisnotaccountedforusingoffsetsoradditionaljoints,entertheoutofstraightnessincolumns7276.
ThefollowingdefinesthedentedsectionDENT24as24x1.0withadentdepthof4inches.Nogroutisincluded.
Note:ThedentpointsinthelocalZdirectionandissymmetricaboutthelocalXZplane.Thedentlengthisthelengthofthememberorthelengthofthesegment.ThelocalZdirectioncanbeorientedrelativetothedefaultusingachordangleincolumns3641ofthecorrespondingMEMBERline(orareferencejointincolumns4245).
1.8.6SegmentedMembers
Thesectionlabeldefiningthecrosssectionproperties,orthediameterandwallthicknessfortubularmembers,foreachofthemembersegmentsisspecifiedontheGRUPlinecorrespondingtothatsegment.SeetheexampleintheSegmentedMembersundertheMaterialPropertiesSection.
1.8.7PlateElements
SectionpropertiesofaplateelementaredeterminedfromthethicknessspecifiedonthePLATElineforisotropicplatesthatarenotassignedtoplategroupsortheappropriatePGRUPlineformembrane,shear,andcorrugatedplatesorforisotropicplatesassignedtoagroup.ThepropertiesofstiffenedplatesaredeterminedfromtheplatepropertiesspecifiedonthePGRUPlineandstiffenersspecifiedonthePSTIFinputline.
ThefollowingdefinesplatesAAAAandAAAB.ThethicknessforAAAAisdefineddirectlyonthePLATElinewhileAAABisobtainedfromthePGRUPlinedefininggroupP01.
1.8.8ShellandSolidElements
SectionpropertiesofashellelementaredeterminedfromthethicknessspecifiedontheSHELLlineforisotropicshellsthatarenotassignedtoshellgroupsviatheSHLGRPline.Solidelementshavenosectionpropertiesparticulartotheelement.
1.8.9MaterialProperties
1.8.10MembersorBeamElements
Forbeamelements,materialpropertiessuchasmodulusofelasticity,shearmodulus,yieldstress(andshearareafactorfortubulars),arespecifiedontheappropriateGRUPline.ThegrouptowhichthememberisassignedisdesignatedontheMEMBERline.
ThefollowingdefinesthematerialpropertiesforgroupsBL1andBL2.
Note:Bydefault,theplategirderflangeyieldstressisassumedtobethesameasthewebyieldstress.Entertheflangeyieldstressincolumns4145oftheGRUPlinedefiningtheplategirdergroupifdifferentfromthewebyieldstress.
1.8.11TaperedMembers
TaperednonsegmentedelementsmaybedefinedusingtwoGRUPlines.ThepropertiesofthebeginningofthetaperaredefinedusingaGRUPlinewithBincolumn9whilethepropertiesattheendofthetaperaredefinedusingaGRUPlinewithEincolumn9.
Forexample,thefollowingdefinesataperedplategirderwiththebeginningdefinedbysectionPGIRD18andtheenddefinedbyPGIRD12.
Note:Thesectiontypemustbethesameateachendofthetaperedsegment.
ThepreviouscaseistheonlycaseinwhichmorethanoneGRUPlinecorrespondstoasinglesegmentmember.InthiscasedonotspecifyasegmentlengthoradifferenceinmaterialpropertiesinthetwoGRUPlines.Inallothercases,thenumberofconsecutiveGRUPlineswiththesamegroupnamecorrespondstothenumberofsegmentsinagroup.
Ifataperedbeamisneededwhosetopflangeisparalleltothelinebetweentheendpointjoints,itisnecessarytoaddtwointermediatejointsandsplitthememberintothreemembers,thefirsttapered,thesecondconstantcrosssection,andthethirdtapered.Thisisdoneasfollows:
TaperedsegmentedelementsaredefinedusingaGRUPlineforeachsegment.ThepropertiesofthegroupforthebeginningofthetaperaredefinedusingaGRUPlinewithBincolumn9whilethepropertiesofthegroupfortheendofthetaperaredefinedusingaGRUPlinewithEincolumn9.AGRUPlinewithaBincolumn9willstartataperwiththeendofthetapercrosssectionobtainedfromthenextGRUPline.AGRUPlinewithanEincolumn9willendataperwiththebeginningofthetaperdeterminedfromthepreviousGRUPline.
Forexample,thefollowingdefinesataperedplategirderwiththebeginningdefinedbysectionPGIRD12.ThemiddlesectionisconstantdepthdefinedbyPGIRD18andtheendisdefinedbyPGIRD12.
Note:Thesectiontypemustbethesameforeachsegmentofthetaperedmember.
Inasegmentedmember,theaxisofthememberbetweenthejointscorrespondstotheneutralaxisofeachsegmentinthemember.IntheprevioustaperedplategirderthetopandbottomflangesofthePGIRD12segmentwouldexpandtoreachthePGIRD18section.Inataperedsegmentedmember,thetopandbottomflangesarenotusuallyparalleltothelinebetweenmemberendpoints.
1.8.12SegmentedMembers
AseriesofGRUPlineswiththesamegrouplabelareusedtodefinethepropertygroupofasegmentedmember.Eachinputlinecorrespondstooneofthesegmentsofthatgroup.Materialpropertiesofthesegmentinadditiontothesegmentlengthmaybespecified.Forexample,groupLG1inthefigurebelowwouldbespecifiedusingthreegrouplinesasfollows:
Note:Thesegmentlengthforoneofthesegmentswasleftblanksothatitcanbedeterminedbytheprogram.Thisinsuresthatthesumofallsegmentlengthswillequalthememberlength.
Thesegmentlengthmayalsobeexpressedasafractionofthetotalmemberlength.Inthiscase,thefractionforeachsegmentmustbeenteredandthesummationofallsegmentlengthfractionsmustequalone.Ifanysegmentlengthisleftblank,itisassumedthattheremaininglengthsarelengthsratherthanfractions.
1.8.13PlateElements
MaterialpropertiesforplateelementsincludingYoungsModulus,PoissonsRatioandyieldstressarespecifiedontheappropriatePLATElineforisotropicplatesthatarenotassignedtoaplategrouporonthePGRUPlineformembrane,shear,corrugatedandstiffenedplatesorforisotropicplatesassignedtoaplategroup.Ifaplategroupistobeused,thegrouptowhichtheplateisassignedisdesignatedonthePLATElinedefiningtheelement.
ThefollowingdefinesthepropertiesforplategroupP01.
1.8.14ShellandSolidElements
Materialpropertiesforshellandsolidelementswhicharenotinputingrouplines(SHLGRPorSLDGRP,respectively)areinputdirectlyontheSHELLorSOLIDlinedefiningtheelement.
1.8.15StiffenerData
1.8.16PlateGirders
Bydefaultplategirdermembersareassumedtohavewebstiffenerspacingequaltothememberlength.Plategirderwebstiffenerspacingcanbedesignatedincolumns6569ontheGRUPlinedefiningtheplategirdergroup.
ThefollowingdesignatesahybridplategirdergroupnamedPG2thatreferencessectionPG36100.Theflangeyieldstressis50,thewebyieldstressis36andthewebstiffenerspacingisdesignatedas24.
1.8.17TubularMembers
Tubularmemberscancontainringand/orlongitudinalstiffenersasdefinedontheSECSCYlineimmediatelyfollowingtheSECTlinedefiningthetubularproperties.Enterthelongitudinalstiffenersectionnameincolumns915andthespacingincolumns1620.
Theringstiffenersectionisdefinedincolumns2127alongwiththeringspacingincolumns2832.
Note:Thebasicsectionproperties(i.e.ODandthickness)ofastiffenedtubularsectionmustbedefinedusingaSECTIONline.
Thefollowingdefinesastiffened48.0x1.0tubularsectionnamedSCY48X1withringstiffenersdefinedbysectionRSTIF1spacedat24.
Note:StiffenedtubularsectionscanbecodecheckedusingAPI2UBulletincriteriabyspecifyingPTincolumns6768ontheOPTIONSline.
1.9ELEMENTDATA
TheSACSsystemallowstheuseofbeam,plate,shelland/orsolidelementsinthemodel.
1.9.1MembersorBeamElements
BeamelementsarespecifiedonMEMBERlinesfollowingtheMEMBERheaderinputline.Beamelementsarenamedbythejointstowhichtheyareconnected.Inadditiontotheconnectingjoints,thepropertygrouplabelalongwithsomeoptionalpropertydataarespecifiedontheMEMBERline.Memberpropertiesspecified,suchasfloodcondition,Kfactors,averagejointthicknessanddensityoverridedataspecifiedontheGRUPline.
Thefollowingdefinesmember101201andassignsittopropertygroupGL2.
Note:Whenanaveragejointthicknessisentered,thememberlengthusedforEulerbucklingandhydrodynamicloadgenerationisshortedbytheaveragejointthickness.Anyexistingloadsarenotaffectednormodifiedwhenanaveragejointthicknessisspecified.
1.9.2MemberLocalCoordinateSystem
Eachmemberhasanassociatedlocalcoordinatesystemwhichloadsandstressesmaybedefinedwithrespectto.Thedefaultmemberlocalcoordinatesystemisdefinedas:
ThememberlocalXaxisisdefinedalongthememberneutralaxisfromthefirstconnectingjointspecifiedtowardthesecondconnectingjoint.
Formembersthatarenotvertical,i.e.localXaxisisnotparalleltoglobalZ,thelocalZaxisisdefinedasperpendiculartolocalXaxis,lyingintheplaneformedbytheglobalZandlocalXaxesandhavingapositiveprojectionalongtheglobalZaxis.TherighthandruleisusedtodeterminethelocalYaxis.ThelocalZaxisforverticalmembers,i.e.memberswhoselocalXaxisisparalleltoglobalZ,isparalleltotheglobalYaxisandinthepositiveYdirection.ThelocalYaxisisdeterminedbyusingtherighthandrule.Seefigurebelow.
Thedefaultorientationofthememberlocalcoordinatesystemcanbeoverriddenbyspecifyingachord(beta)angleand/oralocalZaxisreferencejointontheMEMBERline.Whenachordangleisinput,thedefaultlocalcoordinatesystemisrotatedaboutthelocalXaxisbytheanglespecifiedfollowingtherighthandrule.TheZaxisreferencejointisusedwiththelocalXaxistodefinethelocalXZplane.ThelocalZaxisisdefinedsuchthatitisperpendiculartothememberandpositivetowardthereferencejoint.
1.9.3MemberInternalLoadandStressSignConvention
ThesignconventionusedbythePostprogrammoduleforreportingmemberinternalloadsandstressesisdependentonthememberlocalcoordinatesystemasfollows:
1. Axialtensionispositiveatbothendsofthememberwhilecompressionisnegativeatbothends.2. Positivebendingatbothendsofthemembercausesthecenterofthemembertodeflectdownwardorinthenegativedirectionofthelocalcoordinatesystem.3. Positiveshearforceisinthedirectionofthepositivelocalmembercoordinateatthebeginningofthememberandinthenegativelocalmembercoordinateattheendof
themember.4. Apositivetorsionvectorisoutwardatbothendsofthemember.
Thefigurebelowshowspositiveloadsandmomentsalongwithpositivestressesatthememberbeginningandend.
1.9.4MemberEndFixity
Bydefault,theendsofamemberarefixedtotheconnectingjointsforallsixdegreesoffreedom.However,anyofthesixdegreesoffreedommaybereleasedfromtheconnectingjointbyspecifyinga1intheappropriatecolumnontheMemberDescriptionline.Degreesoffreedomareinthememberlocalcoordinatesystem.
Forinstance,thestartofmember101102isfixedforaxialloadandshear.Thetorsion,momentYandmomentZdegreesoffreedomarethereforereleasedbyspecifying000111incolumns2328.Theendofthememberisfixedforalldegreesoffreedom.
1.9.5MemberOffsets
Memberoffsetsareusedtoshortenorlengthenthememberortomovethememberwhentheneutralaxisisnotlocatedonthelinebetweenitsconnectingjoints.Whenoffsetsarespecified,theprogramcreatesarigidlinkbetweentheneutralaxisofthememberendandtheconnectingjoint.
Theoffsetsdescribethelengthoftherigidlinkandmaybedescribedinlocalorglobalrectangularcoordinates.Thecoordinatesystemusedisspecifiedincolumn7ontheMEMBERline.Enter1forglobalcoordinatesystemor2forlocalcoordinatesystem.TheoffsetsaredefinedontheMEMBEROFFSETSlineimmediatelyfollowing
Thefollowingdefinesoffsetsintheglobalcoordinatesystemformember203301.
Note:Specifiedmemberendreleasesareappliedtotheconnectionbetweenthememberendandtherigidlink.
1.9.6Kfactors/EffectiveBucklingLength
Kfactorsoreffectivebucklinglength,butnotboth,maybespecifiedforbucklingaboutthelocalYandZaxes.KfactorsarespecifiedonthepertinentGRUPlineincolumns5259butmaybeoverriddenontheMEMBERlineincolumns5259.
WhenKfactorsareused,theeffectivebucklinglengthiscalculatedastheKfactormultipliedbytheactualmemberlength.WheneffectivelengthsarespecifiedontheMEMBERline,Lmustbeinputincolumn47.TheeffectivebucklinglengthisthendeterminedusingtheKfactorfromtheGRUPlinemultipliedbucklinglengthspecified.
Thefollowingdefinesmembers101201and201301.Theeffectivebucklinglengthformember101201isdeterminedusingtheKfactorsspecifiedforgroupT01sincenoKfactorsarespecifiedontheMEMBERline.Theeffectivelengthformember201301isdeterminedusingthebucklinglengthontheMEMBERlineandtheKfactorsspecifiedforgroupT01.
1.9.7UnbracedLengthofCompressionFlange
Thedistancebetweenbracingagainsttwistorlateraldisplacementofthecompressionflangeforuseincalculatingbendingallowablestressesfornontubularmembers,maybeinputontheGRUPorMEMBERlineincolumns6064.Thedefaultisthememberlength.
Thefollowingdesignatesthattheunbracedlengthofthecompressionflangeformember101201is5.
Note:ValuesspecifiedontheMEMBERlineoverridevaluesspecifiedontheGRUPline.
1.9.8ShearAreaFactorforTubularMembers
Fortubularmembers,thefactorwithwhichtomultiplythecrosssectionareaforpurposesofshearstresscalculations,maybeinputontheGRUPlineincolumns6569orontheMEMBERlineincolumns6064.
Thefollowingspecifiesashearareamodifierof0.5formember101501.
1.9.9SkippingfromOutputReports
AmembermaybeeliminatedfromoutputreportsbyinputtingSKontheMEMBERlineincolumns2021.IfSEwasdesignatedastheelementdetailreportoption,enterRPtohavethestressandunitycheckresultsreportedfortheparticularmember.Allmembersofagroupmaybeskippedfromoutputreportsbyspecifying9incolumn47oftheGRUPline.
1.9.10MultipleMembersBetweenTwoJoints
Amaximumoftwomembers,spanninginoppositedirection,areallowedbetweenthesametwojoints.Forexample,twomembersmaybemodeledbetweenjoints101and102,member101102andmember102101.However,allloadingappliedtothememberswillbeappliedtothefirstmemberspecified.Ingeneral,modelingtwomembersbetweenthesamejointsisapplicablewhenthesecondmemberisadummymemberusedonlytosimulateadditionalstiffness.
1.9.11DefiningSpecialElementTypes
1.9.12CableElement
CableelementsaredefinedusingstandardbeamelementsexceptthatadditionalmemberdataisspecifiedontheMEMB2line.Thetensionusedtodeterminethecablestiffnessisinputincolumns814ontheMEMB2line.
Thefollowingspecifiesatensionforceof10.0forcablemember101501.
Note:EnterAincolumn16ontheMEMBERlineifadditionalmemberdataisspecifiedontheMEMB2line.
1.9.13GapElement
Elementscanbedesignatedastensiononly,compressiononly,noloadorfrictionelementsforGapanalyses.Thegapelementtypemaybedesignatedonthemembergrouplineincolumn30orontheMEMBERlineincolumn22usingT,C,NorF,Release6:Revision0SACSSACSIV219respectively.
Note:Thegapelementtypeisonlyapplicablewhenrunningagapelementanalysisandisignoredforallotheranalysistypes.
1.9.14XBraceorKBrace
Bydefault,thebucklinglengthandKfactorsspecifiedontheGRUPandMEMBERlinesinthemodelareusedforunitycheckcalculationsforeachloadcase.
MembersmakingupanXbraceorchordmembersofaKbracenotbracedoutofplanemaybedesignatedassuchusingtheMEMB2line.TheMEMB2lineallowsdesignationoftheKfactorand/orbucklinglengthtobeusedforloadcaseswherethememberispartofanXbraceorthechordofaKbrace.
Note:TheXbraceorKbraceparametersareonlyappliedtotheaxisintheplaneoftheconnectionforloadcaseswherethememberisincompressionandthereferencemember(s)areintension.
ThebracetypeXorKisdesignatedincolumn15.Thememberlocalaxis,YorZ,thatliesintheplaneoftheXbraceorKbraceisenteredincolumn16.Enterthereferencemember(s)thatwillbecheckedfortensionincolumns1732.TheKfactorand/orbucklinglengthtobeusedforloadcaseswherethememberispartofanXbraceorthechordofaKbraceisdesignatedincolumns3338and3945,respectively.
Note:KbracesrequiretworeferencememberswhilethesecondreferencememberisoptionalforXbraces.
Thefollowingexampledefinesparametersformembers101109and105109whicharechordmembersofaKbracewhoselocalYaxeslieinthebraceplane.ThediagonalorKbracemembersare109110and109112.Forloadcaseswherechordmembers101109and105109areincompressionandmembers109110and109112areintension,aKfactorof0.8andabucklinglengthof11.15istobeused.Forotherloadcases,theKfactorandbucklinglengthspecifiedinthemodelfilearetobeused.
Thisexampledefinesparametersformembers301309and307309whicharechordmembersofanXbraceandmembers303309,305310and310309whichmakeupthetwobraceelementsframingintothechord.ThememberslocalYaxeslieintheplaneofthebrace.Formembers301309and307309,aKfactorof0.9andabucklinglengthof8.71istobeusedforloadcaseswherethememberisincompressionandtheotherpairofmembersframingintothechord,303309and310309,areintension.Formembers303309,305310and310309,aKfactorof0.9andabucklinglengthof8.55istobeusedforloadcaseswherethememberisincompressionandmembers301309and307309areintension.Forotherloadcases,theKfactorandbucklinglengthspecifiedinthemodelfilearetobeused.
1.9.15PlateElementsTheSACSsystemcontainsbothtriangularandquadrilateralorthotropicflatplateelements.Theelementisatrue6degreeoffreedomlinearstrainelement.Theorthotropicnatureoftheflatplateelementallowsforthemodelingofthefollowingplatetypes:Isotropic,Membrane,Shear,Stiffened&Corrugated.
Theappendicescontainadetaileddiscussionofeachplateelementtype.
1.9.16IsotropicPlatesForisotropicplateelements,theplatename,connectingjoints,thicknessandmaterialpropertiesmaybespecifiedontheappropriatePlateDescriptionline.Aplategroupisnotrequired.Ifaplategroupisspecified,thematerialpropertiesandthicknessareobtainedfromtheplategroupunlessoverriddenonthePLATEline.
ThefollowingdefinesplatesAAAAandAAAB.ThepropertiesofplateAAAAaredefineddirectlyonthePLATElinewhileplateAAABobtainspropertiesfromgroupP01.
1.9.17MembraneandShearPlates
APLATElinecontainingtheplatename,connectingjointsandplatepropertygroupnameisusedtodefinetheplate.Theplatetype,thicknessandmaterialpropertiesarestipulatedontheappropriatePGRUPline.AnyplatematerialpropertiesinputonthePLATElineoverridethosespecifiedfortheplategroup.
1.9.18StiffenedPlates
APLATElinecontainingtheplatename,connectingjointsandplatepropertygroupnameisusedtodefineastiffenedplate.Theplatetype,materialproperties,stiffenersectionlabels,stiffenerdirection,location(top,bottomorboth)andspacingarespecifiedontheappropriatePGRUPinputline.MultiplePGRUPlineshavingthesamegrouplabelcanbeusedtodescribeplateswithmorethantwosetsofstiffeners.PlatematerialpropertiesinputonthePLATElineoverridethosespecifiedfortheplategroup.
PlatestiffenercrosssectionsmaybeanyshapedefinablebytheSECTIONline.SpecialstiffenercrosssectionsnotavailableontheSECTIONlinemaybedefinedusingthePSTIFline.SectionsnotfoundinthesectionlibraryfilemustbedefinedinthemodelusingPSTIFlines.AnoutlineofPSTIFgeometryisshowninthediagramfollowing.
ThefollowingsampleshowsplateAAAAdefinedbygroupP01.GroupP01isastiffenedplategroupwithW12X26runningalongthelocalXaxisat100.0spacing.W12X26isasectiondefinedinthesectionlibraryfile.
1.9.19CorrugatedPlates
Corrugatedplatesarespecialplateswithacombinationofbothinplaneandoutofplanestiffness.CorrugatedplatesaregivendirectlyonthePSTIFlinebyspecifyingfourparametersA,B,C,andDasshowninthefollowingfigure.
ThefollowinginputdefinesacorrugatedplateAAABwithcorrugationsrunninginthelocalXdirection.Thethicknessoftheplateis0.25andthespacingCis12.TheAandBdimensionsare3and3,respectively.WiththestiffenerspacingunspecifiedonthePGRUPline,thestiffenerspacingdefaultstotheCdimension12.AspecificationofTorBfortoporbottomstiffenersisunnecessary.
Note:AvonMisescheckversusanallowableof0.6Fyisusedtocheckthecorrugatedplate.Bucklingisnotincludedintheplatemodelorcodecheck.Ifbucklingcanoccur,theplatethicknessmayrequireadjustmenttolimittheplatecapacity.ThenormallimitationsapplysuchasaspectratioandgriddensityaswithanyFEmodel.Sincethecorrugatedplatehassignificantoutofplanestiffness,adjacentmembersareassumedtosharetheloadwiththecorrugatedplate.
1.9.20PlateLocalCoordinateSystem
Likebeamelements,eachplateelementhasanassociatedlocalcoordinatesystemwhichloadsandstressesmaybedefinedwithrespectto.TheplatelocalXaxisisdefinedattheplatecenterlinefromthefirstconnectingjointspecifiedtothesecondconnectingjoint.ThelocalXYplaneisdefinedbythefirstthreejointswithlocalYaxisperpendiculartothelocalXaxistowardthethirdjoint.TherighthandruleisusedtodefinethelocalZaxis.
Forexample,plateAAABconnectedtojoints614,615,627and626hasalocalXaxisfromjoint614tojoint615.ThelocalYaxisisperpendiculartothelocalXaxisinthedirectionofjoint627.
1.9.21PlateOffsets
Plateoffsetsmaybeusedwhentheplatescenterplaneisnotlocatedattheplaneformedbytheconnectingjointsorwhenoneoftheedgesdoesnotcorrespondtoalinebetweenthejointstowhichitisconnected.Plateoffsetscanalsobeusedtogeneratethetransitionbetweentheflatplatesandbeamelements.SeetheCommentaryforadetaileddiscussion.
Whenanoffsetisstipulated,theprogramcreatesarigidlinkbetweentheplatecornerandtheconnectingjoint.Theoffsetsdescribethelengthoftherigidlinkandmaybedescribedinlocalorglobalrectangularcoordinates.ThecoordinatesystemusedisspecifiedonthePLATEline.
LocalZoffsetsmaybespecifieddirectlyonthePGRUPlineincolumns3641.Forstiffenedplates,theautomaticoffsetoption,whichcalculatestheoffsetsuchthatthecenterplaneoftheplateitselfliesinthejointplane,maybeselectedbyenteringZincolumn10.AnylocalZoffsetsspecifiedareaddedtothecalculatedoffsets.
ThefollowingdefinesplategroupsP01andP02containingalocalZoffsetof10.GroupP02isastiffenedplateandalsohastheneutralaxisoffsetoptiononsothattheoffsetismeasuredfromtheplatecenterinsteadoftheneutralaxis.
OffsetsdefiningthelocationoftheplateedgesaredesignatedonthetwoPLATEOFFSETSlinesimmediatelyfollowingthePLATEinputline.Thefirstoffsetlinecontainstheoffsetsforthefirsttwojoints,andthesecondcontainstheoffsetsforthethirdandfourth(optional)joint(s).Thecoordinatesystemthattheoffsetsaredefinedwithrespecttoisdesignatedincolumn43onthePLATEline.Enter1forglobalcoordinatesor2forlocalcoordinates.
ThefollowingdefinesplateAAABwithglobalXoffsetof10.0specifiedateachjoint.
1.9.22SkippingfromOutputReports
AplatemaybeeliminatedfromoutputreportsbyinputtingSKincolumns3132onthePLATEline.IfSEisdesignatedforelementdetailreportsontheOPTIONSline,enterRPincolumns3132tohavethestressandunitycheckresultsreportedfortheparticularplate.
1.9.23PlateModelingConsiderations
Unlikebeamelements,flatplateelementsarenotclosedformsolutions.Therefore,therearelimitationstothegeometryandmeshsizethatarenecessarytogenerateaccuratestressesanddeflections.ThefollowingsuggestionsaremadefortheuseofflatplatesintheSACSsystem:
1. Theaspectratio(widthversusheight)forplateelementssubjectedtooutofplanebendingshouldbelimitedto6to1forthreenodeplatesand3to1forfournodeplates.Iftheprimaryplateloadisintheplaneoftheplatethentheaspectratiocanbeincreasedto10to1forthreenodeplatesand5to1forfournodeplates.
2. Interiorangleswithinaplateshouldnotexceed180degrees.3. Fournodeplatesarelimitedto3degreesofoutofplanetolerancebetweentheRelease6:Revision0SACSSACSIV225fournodessuchthattheanglebetweenthe
normalstoanytriangularportionsofthefournodeplatecannotexceedthisvalue.4. Fordetailedstresses,ameshsizeoffournodesbyfournodeswillaccuratelyrepresentaflatplateforbothstiffnessandstresscalculations.Acoarsermeshspacingwill
resultinrelativelyaccuratestiffnessrepresentationbutstresscalculationsmaynotrepresentlocalstressvariationswithintheplate.5. Becausefournodeplatesarerepresentedinternallyby4threenodeplates,a4nodeplateisinherentlymoreaccuratethana3nodeplate.6. Platestressesfortraditionalbeamstriptheoryplatesareonlyreportedatthegeometriccenteroftheplate.PlatestressesforDKTplatesarereportedatthecorner
jointsandthegeometriccenter.Platestressesreportedatthegeometriccenterofplatesaretheoreticallymoreaccuratethanthoseatcornerjoints.
1.9.24ShellElements
TheSACSprogramcontains6nodetriangular,and8or9noderectangularisoparametric
shellelements.Shellelementscanhaveconstantthicknessorthicknessmaybespecifiedateachnode.Rigidlinkoffsetscanbemodeledateachnodetoallowforconnectioneccentricities.
Materialpropertiesincludingmodulusofelasticity,Poissonsratio,yieldstress,coefficientofthermalexpansionanddensityarespecifiedeitherontheSHLGRPlineorontheSHELLlineitself.Shellthickness,ifconstant,maybespecifiedeitherontheSHLGRPlineorontheSHELLline.Forshellswithvaryingthickness,thethicknessateachnodeisspecifiedontheSHELLTHICKlineimmediatelyfollowingtheSHELLlinedefiningtheelement.
1.9.25ShellLocalCoordinateSystem
Fortriangularshellelements,thelocalXaxisisdefinedfromnodeonethroughnodethree.
ThelocalYaxisisperpendiculartothelocalXaxisandliesintheplaneformedbynodesone,threeandfive.TherighthandruleisusedtodeterminethelocalZaxis.ThelocalXaxisforarectangularshellisdefinedbynodesoneandthree.ThelocalYaxisisperpendiculartothelocalXaxisandliesintheplaneformedbynodesone,threeandseven.ThelocalZaxisisdeterminedbytherighthandrule.Adetaileddiscussiononshellelementsislocatedintheappendices.
1.9.26IntegrationPoints
ThenumberofGaussianIntegrationpointsalongtheelementsurfaceisspecifiedeitherontheSHLGRPlineorontheSHELLlineitself.TheuserspecifiesFine,MediumorCoarseintegrationcorrespondingto13points,7pointsor3pointsrespectivelyfortriangularshells,or4x4,3x3or2x2meshrespectivelyforrectangularshells.Therearealsotwointegrationpointsthroughtheelementthicknessforbothtriangularandrectangularshellelements.
1.9.27ShellOffsets
Shelloffsetscanbemodeledateachnodetoallowforconnectioneccentricities.TheoffsetsarespecifiedontheSHELLOFFSETlineinglobalcoordinates.Twooffsetlinesarerequiredfor6nodeelementsandthreearerequiredforeightorninenodeelements.
1.9.28ShellElementReport
IfPTisdesignatedintheelementdetailreportfieldontheoptionsline,thestressdetailsforashellelementmaybeskippedbyinputtingSontheSHLGRPorSHELLline.IfSEorisdesignatedintheelementdetailreportfieldontheoptionsline,allshellelementdetailswillbeskipped.
1.9.29SolidElements
TheSACSprogramcontains4nodetetrahedron,5nodepyramid,6nodewedgeand8nodebricksolidfiniteelementshapes.Theelementsareconstantstrainelementsanddonotrestrainrotationatthenodes.Thesolidname,connectingjointsandmaterialpropertiesincludingmodulusofelasticity,Poissonsratio,yieldstress,coefficientofthermalexpansionanddensityarestatedeitherontheSLDGRPlineorontheSOLIDlineitself.
Beingasthesesolidfiniteelementsdonotcontaininherentrotationalstiffness,therotationaldegreesoffreedomforjointscontainedwithinonlysolidelementswillbeconstrained.SACSautomaticallygeneratestheconstraintsofrotationaldegreesoffreedomforjointswhichareexclusivelycontainedinsolids.Withtheextraconstraintsonsolidjoints,therewillbeextrareactionforcesgeneratedinthePostoutputfortheseconstraineddegreesoffreedom.
Inherentrotationaldegreesoffreedominsolidelementsmaybemodeledbyspecifying6incolumn71oftheOPTIONSline.Theseelementsareacondensationofhigherorderisoparametricsolidelements,withtherotationaldegreesoffreedombeingobtainedfrommidsidenodetranslationaldegreesoffreedom.
Jointorderinginsolidelementsisfree.Assuch,arbitraryjointordermaybeinputwiththeprogramdeterminingsolidfaces.Therearetwooptionsforjointordering:(1)thedefaultmethodwhichrequiresflatsolidfacesand(2)amorerobustschemeallowingsolidfacewarpage.Thesecondscheme,whichisspecifiedwithanRincolumn72oftheoptionsline,hastheadditionalfeatureofallowingtheprogramtobypassjointorderingforanysolidwhenanNisspecifiedincolumn44oftheSOLIDline(orcolumn
14oftheSLDGRPline).WiththedefaultjointorderingmethodanNspecifiedincolumn44oftheSOLIDline(orcolumn14oftheSLDGRPline)willmeanthatonly8nodebricksolidelementsarenotreordered.Thedefaultjointorderingforsolidsisshowninthefigure.
1.9.30SolidLocalCoordinateSystem
ThelocalXaxisisdefinedbynodesoneandtwo.ThelocalXYplaneisdefinedbynodesone,twoandthree.ThelocalYaxisisperpendiculartothelocalXaxis,positiveinthedirectionofnodethree.TherighthandruleisusedtodeterminethelocalZaxis.
1.9.31SolidOffsets
SolidoffsetscanbespecifiedtoaccountforeccentricitiesorelementtransitionsontheSOLIDOFFSETlinefollowingtheSOLIDlinedefiningtheelement.
Normallyoffsetsareusedtolocatetheelementrelativetotheconnectingjointsusingarigidlink.Offsetscanalsobeusedtogeneratetransitionsbetweensolidelementsandisoparametricshells,flatplates,andmembers.Forexample,ifafournodefaceofasolidelementisconnectedtoabeamorplateelement,thesolidfaceshouldbedescribedusingonlytwojointslyingatthecenteroftheface.Twojointsshouldbespecifiedasthefourconnectingjoints(i.e.101,102,102,101).Offsetsarethenspecifiedateachconnectingjointtooffsetthejointstothecornersoftheelement.Theresultingoffsetsolidelementwillformafull6degreeoffreedomtransitionconnectionbetweentheelements.
1.10JOINTS
JointsaredefinedontheJOINTinputlinewhichcontainsthejointname,globalcoordinatesandfixity.
1.10.1JointCoordinates
TheX,YandZglobaljointcoordinatesmaybeinputinfeet,inchesorfeetplusinchesforEnglishunitsorinmeters,centimetersormeterspluscentimetersformetricunits.Forexample,ajointwithanXcoordinateof25.50feetmaybeenteredas25.5feet,306.0inchesor25.0feetand6.0inchesasillustratedbythefollowingthreeJOINTlines:
AjointwithanXcoordinateof25.5metersmaybeenteredas25.5meters,2550.0centimetersor25.0metersand50.0centimetersasillustratedbytheinputlinesbelow:
1.10.2JointSupport/Fixity
Thejointsupportconditionorfixityofeachofthesixdegreesoffreedom(X,YandZtranslationandrotation)isspecifiedontheJOINTlineincolumns5560.
Bydefault,eachdegreeoffreedomisassumedfree.Ablankor0indicatesthatthedegreeoffreedomisfree.
1.10.3FixedtoGround
A1indicatesthatthedegreeoffreedomisfixedtoground.Forapinnedsupport,afixityof111orPINNEDshouldbespecified.Afixedsupportcanbespecifiedas111111orFIXEDincolumns5560.
Thefollowingshowsjoint297aspinned(i.e.111)andjoint298fixedforXandYtranslationandforrotationabouttheglobalZaxis(i.e.110001).
Note:Jointswithspringsupportsortowhichprescribeddisplacementsaredefinedmustbefixedtogroundforanydegreeoffreedomtowhichaspringvalueordisplacementisassigned.
1.10.4PileheadSupports
Jointsthroughwhichalinearstructureisconnectedtoanonlinearsystemarecalledpileheadsupports.Thestiffnessandloadmatricesofthelinearstructurearecondenseddowntothepileheadjointsinordertoaccountfortheeffectsofthelinearstructureinthenonlinearanalysis.ThisisrequiredwhenusingthePSImoduletoaccountforthenonlinearpile\soilinteraction.AjointisdesignatedasapileheadjointbyspecifyingPILEHDincolumns5560ontheJOINTline.
Thefollowingshowsjoint299asapileheadsupport.
Note:Forstaticlinearanalysis,jointswithPILEHDstipulatedasthesupportconditionareassumedtobefixedsupports.
1.10.5SpringSupports
Anyoralldegreesoffreedomofajointmaybedesignatedasatranslationorrotationelasticspringprovidedthatthedegreeoffreedomisdesignatedasfixed(i.e.1)ontherespectiveJointDescriptionline.ThespringconstantsforsprungdegreesoffreedomarespecifiedontheJointElasticSupportinputlineincolumns1253followingtheJointDescriptionlineandareenteredwithrespecttothesupportjointcoordinatesystem.Thesupportjointcoordinatesystemistheglobalcoordinatesystembydefault.
Thefollowingdefinesjoint297asapinnedsupportwithaspringconstantof1000.0fortheverticaldirection(Ztranslationdegreeoffreedom).
Whenallthreetranslationaland/orrotationaldegreesoffreedomaredesignatedassprings,thesupportjointcoordinatesystemmayberedefinedusingtworeferencejointsspecifiedincolumns7376and7780ontheJointElasticSupportline.ThesupportjointlocalXaxisisdefinedbythesupportjointandthefirstreferencejoint.ThelocalXZplaneisdefinedbythesupportjointandthereferencejointswiththelocalZaxisperpendiculartothelocalXaxis.
Forexample,joint297isdefinedaspinnedwithaspringconstantof100.0alongalinebetweenjoints297and505(supportlocalX).ThejointsupportcoordinatesystemXZplaneisdefinedusingjoint702.
Note:Degreesoffreedommustbesprungasasetwhenthesupportcoordinatesystemisredefinedbyreferencejoints.Therefore,sincethelocalYandZdegreesoffreedomaretobefixed,theywereassignedaveryhighspringconstant.
1.10.6RetainedforDynamics
Fordynamicanalysis,unrestraineddegreesoffreedomareconsideredasslavedegreesoffreedom.Specify2intheappropriatecolumntodesignateafreeDOFasamasterDOFfordynamics.
Forexample,joint297isfreeforstaticanalysisbuttranslationXandYdegreesoffreedomareconsideredmasterorretaineddegreesoffreedomformodeshapeextraction.
1.10.7MasterDegreesofFreedom
ThedisplacementcharacteristicsofajointmaybeappliedtootherjointsusingtheMASTERline.Thislinespecifiesmasterdegreesoffreedomforwhichallcoupledjointswillhaveidenticaldisplacements.Thisisusefulinmodelingrigidstructuralelementswhichattachtoabodyandsupplyuniformdisplacementforseveraljointsinastructure.Asaruleofthumb,coupledjointsshouldnotbecoupledforalldegreesoffreedomtypically,distinctpointsmaybeforcedtodisplacesimilarlybutmaynotrotatesimilarly.Thefollowingexamplespecifiesthatjoints22,23,24and25havethesameX,YandZdisplacement(1incolumns13,15and17,respectively)asmasterjoint20.
Note:Adegreeoffreedomforaparticularjointmaynotbecoupledtomorethanonemasterjoint.Similarly,amasterjointmaynotbecoupledtoanothermasterjoint.
1.11LOADING
TheSACSsystemsupportsloadingappliedatjointsandtomembers,platesandshellelements.LoadinginformationisgenerallyspecifiedafterallgeometryinformationinthemodelfileandmaybespecifiedbytheuserorgeneratedbyoneoftheSACSprogrammodules.AlinewithLOADspecifiedincolumns14isusedtosignalthebeginningoftheloadingsectionofthemodel.
1.11.1LoadConditions
RelatedloadingisusuallygroupedintoaLoadConditionorLoadCasewithauniquenamedesignation.Loadcasesarenamedusingupto4characters(numericoralphanumeric).
TheLoadConditionHeaderline,labeledLOADCN,signalsthebeginningoftheloadconditionspecifiedincolumns810.AllloadinginformationpertainingtothedesignatedloadconditionfollowsontheLOADlinesimmediatelyafter*.
Note:Platetemperatureloadandjointspecifieddeflectionsareexceptions.Seediscussionlaterinthissection.
1.11.2MemberDistributedLoadsandMoments
MemberdistributedloadsarespecifiedusingtheLOADlinetitledMemberDistributedLoadsbydesignatingtheappropriatememberjointnamesincolumns815andUNIFincolumns6669forloadandDMOMincolumns6669formoment.LoadingmaybespecifiedinthedirectionoftheglobalormemberlocalX,YorZcoordinateaxes.Ingeneral,thefollowingdatashouldbespecifiedfordistributedloadsormoments:
1. Thedistancefromthestartofthemembertothepositionthattheloadstarts,2. Themagnitudeperunitlengthoftheloadatthestartposition,3. Thedistancefromthestartpositiontothepositionthattheloadends,and4. Themagnitudeperunitlengthoftheloadattheendposition.
Ifthestartoftheloadcoincideswiththestartofthemember,thenthestartpositionoftheloadneednotbespecified.Furthermore,iftheendoftheloadcoincideswiththeendofthemember,thenthedistancefromtheloadstarttotheloadendneednotbespecified.
Thefollowingdesignatesadistributedloadformember101102appliedintheglobalZdirection.Theloadbegins1.0fromthebeginningofthememberwithamagnitudeof2.5k/ftandisappliedalongthememberfor5.0ft.Thefinalvalueis7.5k/ft.Member102103hasadistributedmomentaboutthelocalXaxis.Themomentatthebeginofthememberis0andincreaseslinearlyto10.0atthememberend.
Note:Thebeginningpositionoftheloadingormomentismeasuredfromthememberendandnotfromthebeginjoint.Theeffectsofoffsetsshouldbetakenintoconsiderationwhenspecifyingthisposition.
1.11.3MemberConcentratedLoadsandMoments
MemberconcentratedloadsormomentsarespecifiedontheLOADlinetitledMemberConcentratedLoadsbydesignatingthememberjointnamesincolumns815andCONCorMOMTincolumns6669.Concentratedloadsormomentsmaybespecifiedwithrespecttotheglobalormemberlocalcoordinateaxes.ThedistancefromthebeginendofthemembertotheloadmustbespecifiedandshouldtakeintoconsiderationanymemberoffsetsalongthememberlocalXaxisatthebeginend.
ThefollowingdefinesaconcentratedloadintheglobalZdirectiononmember101102.Theloadmagnitudeis57.0andisappliedadistanceof4.5fromthebeginningofthemember.Also,amomentof345.isappliedaboutthelocalZaxisofmember101102atthesamelocation.
1.11.4MemberTemperatureLoads
Membertemperatureloadsarestipulatedbydesignatingthememberconnectingjoints,thecoefficientofthermalexpansionandTEMPintheappropriatecolumnsontheLOADlinetitledMemberTemperatureLoad.ConstanttemperaturechangesorlineartemperaturegradientsalongthememberlocalX,YorZaxismaybespecifiedwithrespecttotheambienttemperature.
FortemperaturechangesalongthelocalYorZaxis,thechangeattwosurfacesataspecifieddistanceapartareinput.Thedistancebetweenthetwosurfacesaremeasuredalongthememberlocalaxisspecifiedabouttheneutralaxis.Forchangesalongthememberaxis,thetemperaturechangeatthebeginningandendofthememberarespecified.
Note:Whenspecifyingthetemperaturechangesalongthemember,1.0shouldbeinputasthedistancebetweenthetemperaturesurfaces.
TheinputlinesforcasesA,B,C,DandEillustratedinthefigureaboveformember12wheredzis20,dyis8andthecoefficientofexpansionis0.65xE05followrespectively:
1.11.5JointLoads
LoadsonjointsaredesignatedusingtheLOADlinetitledJointLoads.Thejointname,forcesactingintheglobalX,YorZdirectionsand/ormomentsabouttheglobalX,YorZaxisarestipulated.GLOBandJOINarespecifiedincolumns6164and6669respectively.
ThefollowingdefinesaforceintheglobalYdirectionof50.0andamomentabouttheZaxisof345.0injoint123.
1.11.6JointSpecifiedDisplacements
Forceddisplacementsforjointdegreesoffreedomdesignatedasfixedtoground,maybespecifiedusingtheJOINTlinenamedJointSpecifiedDeflection.TheJointSpecifiedDeflectionlineshouldfollowimmediatelyafterthedefiningJointDescriptionlineinthemodelfile.Thejointname,thespecifiedtranslationsand/orrotationswithrespecttotheglobalcoordinatesystemandPERSETmustbespecified.TheloadconditiontowhichthedeflectionsapplyorALLforallloadconditionsisstipulatedincolumns6972.
Thefollowingdesignatesadisplacementof3.5intheglobalZdirectionatjoint123inloadcaseMISC.
Note:ThedegreeoffreedombeingdisplacedusingthePERSETlinemustbefixedtoground.
1.11.7PlatePressureLoads
PlatepressureloadscanbeapplieddirectlytotheplateusingtheLOADPRESlines.Pressureloadingcanbeappliedtoindividualplatesortoplategroupsasuniformpressureoralinearlyvaryingpressure.
1.11.8UniformPressure
Foruniformpressure,thepressureisdesignatedincolumns1723andthekeywordUNIFisspecifiedincolumns6669.Specifyeithertheplatenameorplategroupnameincolumns811or1315,respectively.
Thefollowingappliesauniformpressureloadof100toplateA001andallplatesingroupPLT.
1.11.9VaryingPressure
Forlinearingvaryingpressure,thepressureatthejointsisspecifiedincolumns1744andthekeywordJTJTisspecifiedincolumns6669.Specifyeithertheplatenameorplategroupnameincolumns811or1315,respectively.
ThefollowingappliesavaryingpressureonplateU002.
1.11.10SubmergedPressure
PressureloadsduetoheadcanbeapplieddirectlytoplateelementsusingtheLOADPRESlinewiththeSUBMkeywordspecifiedincolumns6669.
Entereithertheplatenameorplategroupincolumns811or1315,respectively.Thesurfaceelevationandwaterdensityareenteredincolumns1723and2430,respectively.
1.11.11PlateThermalLoads
PlatethermalortemperatureloadsarespecifiedontheLOADPTEMlinesintheloadingsectionofthemodel.Temperatureloadingmaybespecifiedforindividualplatesbyenteringtheplatenameincolumns811orforplategroupsbyenteringthegroupnameincolumns1315.Thecoefficientofthermalexpansionandplatetemperaturechangeswithrespecttotheambienttemperaturearerequired.
1.11.12UniformTemperature
UniformtemperaturechangeisdesignatedbytheUNIFkeywordincolumns6669andauniformtemperaturespecifiedincolumns1723.
ThefollowingshowsplateD100andallplatesingroupAAAwithauniformtemperatureof135inloadcaseT135.
1.11.13VaryingTemperature
AtemperaturechangeateachjointisdesignatedbytheJTJTkeywordincolumns6669.Thetemperatureateachjointisinputincolumns1744.
1.11.14SurfaceTemperature
SurfacetemperatureloadingisspecifiedusingtheTPBMkeywordincolumns6669.Entertheuppersurfaceandlowersurfacetemperaturesincolumns1723and2430,respectively.
ThefollowingshowsplateD101andallplatesingroupABCwithanuppersurfacetemperatureof100andalowersurfacetemperatureof75inloadcaseloadcaseT135.
1.11.15ShellPressureLoads
GeneralshellpressureloadsappliedatthejointsarestipulatedontheLOADSPGlinetitledShellPressureLoadlocatedwithintheappropriateloadconditiondata.Thepressureisappliedtoeitheroneshell,arangeofshellsorallshellswithinthemodel,byspecifyingoneshellname,twoshellnamesornoshellname.Thepressureateachoftheshelljointsisdesignatedincolumns1880.
ConstantorlinearlyvaryingpressurewithinashellelementmaybespecifiedontheLOADSPCline.Byspecifyingoneshellname,twoshellnames,ornotspecifyingashellname,theShellVariablePressurelinecanapplytooneshell,arangeofshellsorallshellswithinthemodel.Forconstantpressure,thepressureisspecifiedincolumns1824.Forvaryingpressure,thepressuregradientsinthedirectionofeachoftheglobalaxesarespecifiedincolumns2545.
1.11.16ShellTemperatureLoads
ShelltemperatureloadsarespecifiedwithintheloadconditiondatausingtheLOADlinetitledShellTemperatureLoad.Constanttemperature,temperaturevaryingatmidsurface,thetopsurfaceorthebottomsurfacemaybespecifiedbySTC,STM,STTorSTBrespectively.Theshellname,ornamesforarangeofshells,towhichtheloadistobeappliedalongwiththetemperaturechangeateachjointarespecified.Ifnoshellnameisspecified,theloadingisappliedtoallshellsinthemodel.Forconstanttemperature,typeSTC,thetemperaturechangeatthefirstjointonlyisrequired.
1.11.17LoadCombinations
LoadcombinationsconsistingofbasicloadconditionsorpreviouslydefinedloadcombinationsaredefinedusingtheLCOMBinputline.LoadcombinationlinesfollowthebasicloadconditionsinthemodelandmustbeinitiatedwithaLCOMBheaderline.
Note:BasicloadcasesmaynotbedefinedaftertheLCOMBheaderline.
Theloadcombinationnamemustbeauniquenamenotusedbyabasicloadcaseorbyanothercombination.Theloadcasesorcombinationsmakinguptheloadcombinationalongwiththeappropriateloadfactorstobeappliedarespecified.TheloadcombinationdefinitionmaybecontinuedbyrepeatingtheLCOMBlinewiththecombinationnamespecifiedincolumns710,sothatuptofortyeightloadcomponentsmaybespecified.
ThefollowingdefinesaloadcombinationnamedST03consistingof100%ofloadcaseMISC,110%ofDEADand85%of7.
Note:Forastandardstaticanalyses,loadcombinationsarenotsolvedinthesolutionphase.Resultsareobtainedbysuperpositionofthebasicresultsduringpostprocessing.BecausePSIanalyseshavenonlinearsolutions,resultsforonlyloadcombinationsandbasicloadcasesspecifiedontheLCSELlineareobtained.
2.0SACSIVTROUBLESHOOTING
2.1MODELSINGULARITY
Modelsingularityisthecommontermusedtodescribeproblemswithinastiffnessmatrixthatmaylimittheaccuracyofthesolutionorpreventitentirely.Inmatrixtheory,astructuralmodelmatrixmustbePositiveDefiniteforittobeinverted.SomecommonreasonsforastructuralmodelmatrixbecomingNonPositiveDefiniteareasfollows:
1. Portionofstructureorentirestructuretranslatingasarigidbodyinspace.2. Portionofstructureorentirestructurerotatingasarigidbodyinspace.3. Ajointconnectedtothestructureistranslatingorrotatinginspacebecauseaparticularendfixityforallmembersconnectingtothejointisreleased,thereforethejoint
canmoveorspinfreely.4. Memberorplatestructuralpropertiesarezeroforallelementsconnectingtoajointsothatthejointiseffectivelyunrestrained.
Whenusingacomputertoperformasolution,thereexistsafinitenumberofdigitsthatcanbeusedtodefineanyonenumber.Duringnumericalprocedureswithintheprogram,accuracymaybelostduetotherelativesizeofthenumbersusedinthemathematicaloperations.SACSIVdeterminestheaccuracylostduringsolutionandreportsitastheMaximumNumberofSignificantDigitslostintheoutputlistingfile.Ingeneral,solutionswithsixorfewersignificantdigitslostaresufficientlyaccuratewhilesolutionswithtwelveormoresignificantdigitslostarenot.
Itispossibleforthesolutiontolosesufficientaccuracysuchthatthesolutionbecomestrivialorthestructurebecomesmathematicallyunstable(matrixisNonPositiveDefinite).Commonreasonsforastructuralmodeltoloosesignificantaccuracyorbecomemathematicallyunstablefollow:
1. Verystiffelementattachedtoaverysoftelement.2. Astiffstructureattachedtogroundthrougharelativelysoftspringsystem.3. Astructurewithlittlestiffnessattachedtogroundthrougharelativelystiffspringsystem.
2.2DEBUGGINGTHEMODEL
IfSACSIVdetectsaNonPositiveDefinitediagonalterminthestiffnessmatrix,itwillindicatetherowofthematrixwhereitoccurred.Ifthevalueisbetweenzeroand0.0001itwillberesetto1.0,therowandcolumnwhereitoccurredwillbenulledandthesolutionwillcontinue.Ifthediagonalvalueislessthan0.0001theprogramterminatesexecutionandreportsthecriticaljointdegreeoffreedom.
Forinstanceswhereanunrestrainedportionofthestructureactsasamechanismforsingularitytooccur,thelastjointofthemechanism,inoptimizedorder,isreported.Ifthereportedjointisindeedrestrained,theInterpretedInputEchoReportcanbeusedtoisolatethecriticalportionofthestructure.TheinterpretedJointDataListportionofthereportcontainsthejointdegreeoffreedomandmatrixrowlocationlistinthefollowingformat:
1. ThedegreesoffreedomforeachjointinthestiffnessmatrixarereportedasrotationX,YandZfollowedbytranslationX,YandZ.2. Foreachjoint,thebeginningrownumberpertainingtotherotationXdegreeoffreedomislistedinthereport.TherownumberspertainingtorotationY,andZand
translationX,YandZareobtainedbyadding1,2,3,4,and5respectivelytotherowreportedforthejointrotationXdegreeoffreedom.
Thecriticalrowlocationisreportedinthesolutionlistingfile.
3.0COMMENTARY
3.1ANGLECROSSSECTIONS
TheorientationofananglesectionisdeterminedfromthesignsoftheAandBdimensionsinputontheSECTinputline.
Note:PositiveBdimensionisinthenegativelocalYaxisdirection.
SACSIVusespropertiesaboutthememberprincipalaxesforstiffnesscalculations.Normally,thecrosssectioninputlocalaxesareaxesofsymmetryandarethereforeprincipalaxes.Forangles,however,theinputaxesarenotprincipalaxes.Therefore,theinertiapropertiescalculatedabouttheinputaxesmustbetransformedtotheprincipalaxesbytheprogramusingthefollowing:
Theshearareasabouttheprincipalaxesareusedinmemberstiffnesscalculationsandaretakenas:
wheretheIViandQViarewithrespecttothemprincipalaxis.
BendingstressandEulerbucklingstressarecalculatedwithrespecttotheprincipalaxes.Theeffectivebucklinglengthfactors,KyandKz,areinputwithrespecttothelocalcoordinates.TheprogramtransformstheinputKfactorsintotheprincipalaxessystemtoobtainthefactorstobeusedinEulerbucklingcalculations,from:
K1,2=PrincipalaxeseffectivelengthfactorsKy,z=Inputeffectivebucklinglengthfactors=Anglebetweeninputaxesandprincipalaxes
Theshearstressatanypointiscalculatedwithrespecttothelocalcoordinatesystemusingthefollowingequation:
Iy,Iz,Iyz=InertiapropertieswithrespecttoYandZaxesVy,Vz=ShearinYandZdirectionst=ThicknessQy,Qz=FirstmomentsaboutYandZaxesofportionofthecrosssectionareabetweenthepointandthefreeedge(Shadedareainfigurebelow).
Tensileandcompressivestressesareevaluatedatpoints1,2,3,4and5shownintheaboverightfigure.Shearstressesaredeterminedatthepointsofmaximumshearstressineachleg.Thesepointsarelocatedautomaticallyforeachloadcase.
Note:Althoughprincipalaxesareusedinstiffness,bendingstressandEulerbucklingcalculations,theoutputresultsarereportedwithrespecttothelocalcoordinateaxes.
3.2FLATPLATECROSSSECTIONS
TheSACSIVprogramcontainsbothtriangularandquadrilateralorthotropicflatplateelements.Theseelementsarederivedfromclassicalflatplatetheorytechniquesbyincorporatinganempiricaltheorythatincludesaconstantstraininplaneextensionalandshearmodel,anedgebeamrepresentationforoutofplanebendingandshearmodelandaninplanetorsionmodel.Thiscombinationresultsinatrue6degreeoffreedomlinearstrainelementthathasexcellentconvergenceproperties.
3.2.1IsotropicPlates
Theisotropicplateelementisafull6degreeoffreedombendingelementthatassumesconstantinplaneandoutofplanepropertiesinalldirections.Thiselementisapplicableforplateswithconstantthicknessandmaterialproperties.
3.2.2MembranePlates
Themembraneplateelementissimilartotheisotropicplateelementexcepttheoutofplanebendingandshearstiffnessissettozero.Theoutofplanedeflectionsandrotationsarenotrestrained.Thiselementisapplicablewhenthebendingstiffnessoftheplateisnotcoupledtothesupportingframeorthebendingstiffnessoftheplateisincludedinthesupportingstructureelements.
3.2.3ShearPlates
Shearplateshaveonlyinplaneshearstiffnesswithallothercomponentsofstiffnesssetequaltozero.Thiselementcanbeusedtorepresentshearwallsorageneralshearstiffnessforcoarsefiniteelementmeshrepresentation.
3.2.4StiffenedPlates
StiffenedplatesarerepresentedbyanisotropicplatewithadditionaloutofplanebendingandshearstiffnessincludedtorepresentparallelmemberelementsattachedtotheplateintheplatelocalXandYcoordinatedirections.Theadditionalbendingandshearstiffnessdoesnothavebiaxialcoupling(theXstiffenersarenotcoupledtotheYstiffeners).
Thestiffenedplateelementcontainstheflatplatepropertiesandtheaveragememberstiffenerpropertiesinbothlocalcoordinatesincludingtheplacementoftheplaterelativetothemembersstiffeners.Theoutofplanebendingstiffnesscalculationforthestiffenersassumesaneffectiveplatewidthactingwiththestiffenersforcalculatinganaverageadditionalmomentofinertiaduetothestiffeners.Theeffectiveplatewidthislimitedtothesmalleroftheparallelstiffenerspacingor30timestheplatethickness.
Stiffenedplateelementsareeffectiveforincludingthestiffnessofplatesandmembersinoneelementwithoutmodelinganexcessivenumberofjointsand/orbeamelements.Thepropertiesreportedforthestiffenedplatearetheeffectivesmearedproperties.Themaximumstressesarereportedfortheflatplateportionandthestiffenersseparately.
3.2.5CorrugatedPlates
Thecorrugatedplateisaspecialcombinationofbothinplaneandoutofplanestiffness.Acorrugatedplatehasextensionalstiffnessinthedirectionofthecorrugationsandnoextensionalstiffnessacrossthecorrugations.Inplaneshearisassumedtobefullyeffective.Theoutofplanebendingandshearstiffnessiszerowhenbendingacrossthecorrugations.Inthedirectionofthecorrugations,theoutofplanebendingandshearstiffnessisduetotheeffectivebeampropertiesofthecrosssection.Nobiaxialbendingcouplingisallowedandtheinplanetorsionalpropertiesareassumedtobefullyeffective.
Note:Whenusingcorrugatedplates,thesumoftheinplaneareaduetotheeffectiveplatethicknessandthestiffenersmustequalthetotalinplaneareaofthecorrugatedpanelinthedirectionofthecorrugations.
3.2.6PlateElementTransitiontoBeamElement
Plateoffsetscanbeusedtomodeltransitionpointsbetweenplateandbeamelements.Anytwoadjacentplatenodescanbespecifiedasthesamejointname.Plateoffsetsspecifiedateachplatenodecanthenbeusedtoseparatethenodesandplacethemindifferentspatialpositions.Thiswillresultinoneedgeiftheplatebeingdescribedbythemotionofonejointwhichcanbeconnectedtoabeamelement.Forexample,whenmodelingatubularmemberwithafiniteelementmesh,thereisusuallyatransitionpointwherebeamelementtheorybecomessufficientlyaccurate.Atthispoint,alloftheplateelementsmustbeattachedtoasinglecentraljointwhichisthebeginningjointofthebeamelement.TheplateelementsareconnectedtothecentralJointwithoffsetssuchthattheendsoftheplatesarelocatedatthesurfaceofthetubular.Thetransitionjointwilldefinethecompletedisplacementofthecrosssectionatthatpointandwillassureproperinternalloadtransfer.Also,thecrosssectionofthetubularatthetransitionwillremainplaneduringdeformationwhichisaconstraintofnormalbeamtheory.
3.3SHELLELEMENTS
TheSACSIVprogramcontains6,8and9nodetriangularandrectangularIsoparametricShellElementsbasedonderivationsbyBathe[Bathe,KlausJurgen,FiniteElementProceduresInEngineeringAnalysis,PrenticeHall,NewJersey,1982].Theseelementsareconsideredindustrystandardsandareavailableinmostlargescalefiniteelementprograms.
ThelocationofthestresspointsalongtheshellsurfacedependsintheselectionofthenumberofGaussianIntegrationpointsspecifiedforeachshell.Thestressescanbecalculatedatthecenteroftheshelland/oratthecornerGaussianpointsasshowninthefigures.Thedefaultforeachshellisthehavethestressdeterminedattheshellcenteronly.Theshelltotalinplanedirectandshearstressesarereportedinthelocalplatecoordinatesystemattheupper,middleandlowersurfacesandtheprincipalstressesandmaximumshearstressesarereportedfortheupperandlowersurface.
TheunitycheckcalculationsarebasedonmaximumvonMisesstressforinplanestressesattheupper,middleandlowershellsurface.Shellbucklingisnotincludedintheunitycheckcalculation.TheunitycheckformulationscanbefoundintheusersmanualofthePOSTprogrammodule.
3.3.1ShellElementTransitiontoBeamElement
Isoparametricshelloffsetsarenormallyusedtolocatetheneutralaxisoftheshellrelativetotheconnectingstructure.Theycanalsobeusedtogeneratethetransitionbetweentheisoparametricshellsandbeamelements.
Anythreenodesthatdescribethesideofashellcanbeconnectedtothesamejoint.Usingshelloffsets,thecoincidentnodescanbeseparatedandplacedindifferentspatialpositions,resultinginonesideoftheshellbeingdescribedbythemotionofonejointwhichcanbeconnecteddirectlytoabeamelement.
Forexample,whenmodelingatubularmemberwithshellelements,thereisusuallyatransitionpointwherebeamelementtheorybecomessufficientlyaccurate.Atthispoint,alloftheshellelementsmustbeattachedtoasinglecentraljointwhichisthebeginningjointofthebeamelement.Theshellelementsareconnectedtothecentraljointwithoffsetssuchthattheendsoftheshellsarelocatedatthesurfaceofthetubular.Thetransitionjointwilldefinethecompletedisplacementofthecrosssectionatthatpointandwillassureproperinternalloadtransfer.Also,thecrosssectionofthetubularatthetransitionwillremainplaneduringdeformationwhichisaconstraintofnormalbeamtheory.
3.4SOLIDELEMENTS
TheSACSIVprogramcontains4,5,6and8nodeSolidFiniteElementsthatrepresenttetrahedron,pyramid,wedgeandbrickshapedelements,respectively.TheSolidElementsarebasedonaconstantstraintheoryandtheelementsdonotrestrainrotationatthenodes.Thepyramid,wedgeandbrickelementsarebuiltfromthebasictetrahedronelement.
3.4.1SolidTransitiontoShell,PlateorBeamElements
Solidelementoffsetscanbeusedtogeneratethetransitionbetweenthesolidelementsandisoparametricshells,flatplatesand/orbeamelements.IfafournodefaceofasolidelementisconnectedtoaoneortwodimensionalelementthenthefournodefaceshouldbedescribedbyonlytwoJoints.thesetwoJointsshouldlieonatthecenterofthefaceoftheSolidElement.TheupperandloweredgesofthefacewillbedescribedbythesametwoJointsandwillincludeoffsetstolocatethemcorrectlyinspace.TheresultingOffsetSolidElementwillformafull6degreeoffreedomtransitionconnectionbetweentheelements.
4.0SAMPLEPROBLEMS
ThesampleproblemsillustratevariouscapabilitiesoftheSACSIVprogrammodule.Twoseparateanalysesaredetailed.
1. Thefirstsampleproblemisajackettypestructureconsistingoftubular,wideflange,angleandconecrosssectionbeamelementsandflatplateelements.Inadditiontopropertiesspecifiedinthemodelfile,sectionpropertiesdefinedintheAISCsectionlibrarywerereferenced.Thissamplecontainsmemberandplateoffsetsalongwithmemberendreleases.Fourbasicloadconditions,comprisedofjointloads,memberuniformloads,memberconcentratedloadsandjointspecifieddisplacements,andtwoloadcombinationswerespecified.
2. SampleProblem2illustratestheuseofshellandsolidelements.Threebasicloadcasesconsistingofjointloads,linearlyvaryingshellpressureloadsandvaryingshelltemperatureloadswerespecifiedinadditiontotwoloadcombinations.
SAMPLEPROBLEM1
SampleProblem1isthejackettypestructureshownfixedatthebottomofthepiles.Cone,tubular,wideflangeandanglecrosssectionbeamelementsandflatplateelementsaremodeled.Flatplate,tubular,angleandconesectionpropertiesaredefinedinthemodelfilewhilewideflangepropertiesareobtainedfromtheAISCsectionlibraryfile.
Offsetsarespecifiedforjackettubularmemberssothatbracesaremodeledtothefaceofthechordanda2"gap(atthechordface)existbetweenbraces.W12deckwideflangemembersmodeledintheglobalYdirectionareoffsetsothattheyarelyingontopofW24maingirderswiththeneutralaxisatelevation40.0.Platesareoffsetsothattheneutralaxisislocatedatelevation42.Anglemembersonthedeckaremodeledtoresistonlyaxialloadandshearbydesignatingmemberendreleases.
Fourbasicloadconditionsandtwoloadcombinationsarespecified.LoadCaseLIVEconsistofmemberuniformloadsrepresentingliveload.LoadCaseEQPTcontainsjointloadsandmemberconcentratedloadsrepresentingequipmentloads.Thethirdloadcase,LATXcontainsjointlateralloadsandLoadCaseDISPisusedtospecifysupportdisplacements.
PartsoftheSACSmodelfileisshownbelowfollowedbyadescriptionofselectedportions.
ThefollowingisadescriptionofselectedinputlinesintheSACSmodelfileforSampleProblem1.Theinputlinesarereferencedbytheletterintheleftmarginoftheinputlisting.
Note:Forasteriskeditems(*),seePostprogrammanualforadetaileddiscussiononpostprocessingoptions.
A. TheOPTIONSlinespecifiestheanalysisoptions,namely.A. Englishunitsaredesignatedby'EN'incolumns1415.B. Bydefaultastaticanalysisisdesired(columns1920areblank).C. SDincolumns2324specifiesthatsheareffectsaretobeconsideredinmembers.D. *ElementcodecheckwillbebasedonAISC/APIcode(UCincolumns2526).E. *Nonsegmentedbeamelementswillbedividedintotwopostprocessingsegmentsandeachsegmentofsegmentedelementswillbeconsideredasapost
processingsegmentby2and1incolumns30and32.F. AninterpretedechoofthemodelisrequestedbyPTincolumns4142.G. *Unitycheckrange,stressforcontrollingloadcase,internalloadandjointreactionreportsarerequestedwhenperformingcodecheck.
B. *OnlyresultsforloadcasesCMB1andCMB62aretobereportedasspecifiedontheLCSELline.C. *TheelementUCrangesarespecifiedontheUCPARTline.D. *AllowablestressesforloadcaseCMB2aretobefactoredby1.333asspecifiedontheAMODline.E. NontubularcrosssectionsnotdefinedinthesectionlibraryfilearedefinedbySECTlinesfollowingtheSECTheader.Thefirstlinedefinespropertiesofsection
CON4436asfollows:A. Thesectiontowhichtheinformationappliesisspecifiedincolumns612.B. SectionCON4436isdesignatedasaconesectionbyCONincolumns1618.C. Becausenostiffnesspropertiesarespecifiedincolumns1948,theywillbecalculatedbySACSIV.D. ThelargerOD,thicknessandsmallerODarespecifiedincolumns5055,5660and6166respectively.
F. PropertiesaredefinedonGRUPinputlinesfollowingtheGRUPheaderline.ThepropertiesforallmembersassignedtogroupDK1aredefinedontheGRUPlinewithDK1specifiedincolumns68.
A. ThecrosssectionisaW24X94wideflangewhosepropertiesaredefinedinthesectionlibraryfile.B. Theelasticmodulus,shearmodulusandyieldstressarespecifiedincolumns3135,3640and4145respectively.C. *Columns47,5255and5659definethedefaultmemberclassification,KyandKzfactorsforcodecheck.D. Thematerialdensityis490.0#/ft3asspecifiedincolumns7176.
G. ThepropertiesformembersassignedtogroupDK3aredefinedbytheGRUPlinewithDK3specifiedincolumns68.A. ThecrosssectionpropertiesaredefinedbysectionL3X3whichisdefinedinthemodelfile.
H. ThepropertiesofmembersassignedtogroupLG1varyalongthelengthofthemember.ByinputtingthreeGRUPlinesforgroupLG1,themembersaredividedintothreesegmentseachwithpropertiesdefinedforeachsegment.
A. Thepropertiesforthefirstsegment**aredefinedbythefirstGRUPLG1line.Thelinespecifiesoutsidediameter48.0,wallthickness1.5andyieldstress50.0ksi.Thelengthofthefirstsegmentis6.98asspecifiedincolumns7780.
B. Themiddlesegmentisatubularwith48.0outsidediameter,1.0wallthicknessand36.0yieldstress.Nosegmentlengthisspecified**.C. Thelastsegmentisatubularwith48.0outsidediameter,1.5wallthicknessand50.0yieldstress.Thesegmentlengthis5.55asspecifiedincolumns7780.
**Note:Thefirstsegmentspecifiedcorrespondstothesegmentstartingatthememberstartjoint.Also,thelengthofonesegmentshouldalwaysbeleftblank.Theprogramwilldeterminethelengthoftheblanksegmentforeachmemberofthegroupindividually,thusallowingmembersofdifferentlengthstobeassignedtothesamegroup.
I. ThepropertiesformembersassignedtogroupMD1arespecifiedontheGRUPlinewithMD1incolumns68.A. TheODandthicknessfortubularsectionsarespecifieddirectlyontheGRUPline.TheODisspecifiedas18.00andthicknessas0.75incolumns1823and25
29respectively.Theprogramwillcalculatethecrosssectionproperties.J. MembersaredefinedintheinputfilefollowingtheMEMBERheaderline.MembersaredefinedusingaMEMBERinputlineandarenamedbythestartandendjoints.
Member101201isdefinedasfollows:A. Thestartandendjointsarespecifiedincolumns811and1215.B. ThememberisassignedtogroupLG1(columns1719).
K. Member101112isdefinedbytheMEMBERlinewith101and112specifiedincolumns911and1315asfollows:A. AMEMBEROFFSETSlinedefiningoffsetsinglobalcoordinateswillfollowasdesignatedby1incolumn7.B. ThepropertygroupisMH1andKyandKzare0.80.C. TheMEMBEROFFSETSlinespecifiesanoffsetintheglobalXdirectionof24.0atthestartjoint.
L. Member520501isadeckmemberassignedtogroupDK2withglobaloffsetsspecified(1incolumn7).A. ThememberisaW12X65(definedbygroupDK2)withtheunbracedlengthofcompressionflangespecifiedas0.01incolumns6064.B. BecausethemembersitsonthetopflangeoftheW24itcrosses,itisoffset18.0"intheglobalZatthestartandendofthememberbytheMEMBEROFFSET
line.
M. Thememberdefinedbyjoints525and503isassignedtogroupDK3whichisdefinedasan3x3xdangle.A. Offsetswillbedefinedwithrespecttothememberlocalaxisasdesignatedby2incolumn7.B. ThememberendsarereleasedforlocalYandZmomentatthestartandlocalX,YandZmomentattheendasspecifiedby000011and000111incolumns
2328and2934respectively.C. Thememberlocalcoordinatesystemisrotated90
SAMPLEPROBLEM2
SampleProblem2illustratestheuseofninenodeshellandeightnodesolidfiniteelements.Threebasicloadcasesconsistingofjointloads,linearlyvaryingshellpressureloadsandvaryingshelltemperatureloadswerespecifiedinadditiontotwoloadcombinations.
FollowingistheSACSmodelfileforthissampleproblemandadescriptionofselectedportions.
ThefollowingisadescriptionofselectedinputlinesintheSACSmodelfileforSampleProblem2.Theinputlinesarereferencedbytheletterintheleftmarginoftheinput
listing.
Note:Forasteriskeditems(*),seePostprogrammanualforadetaileddiscussiononpostprocessingoptions.
A. TheOPTIONSlinespecifiestheanalysisoptions,namely:A. EnglishunitsaredesignatedbyENincolumns1415.B. Bydefaultastaticanalysisisdesired(columns1920areblank).C. *ElementcodecheckwillbebasedonAISC/APIcode(UCincolumns2526).D. *AnelementdetailedstressreportisrequestedbyPTincolumns5556.
B. *Onlyresultsforloadcombinations4and5aretobereportedasspecifiedontheLCSELline.C. ASHELLheaderlinedesignatesthatshellelementdefinitionsfollow.ThefirstSHELLinputlinedefinesthepropertiesofshellS212asfollows:
A. TheshellnameS212isdesignatedincolumns710.B. Theconnectingjointsarespecifiedincolumns1247.ShellS212isaninenodeshelldefinedbyjoints212,213,214,224,234,233,232,222and223,where
joint223isthecenterjoint.ThelocalXaxisisdefinedbyjoints212and214,thelocalYisperpendiculartothelocalXandparalleltothelineformedbyjoints214and234.
C. Aconstantthicknessof2.5"isassignedby0incolumn6(constant)and2.5incolumns5355.D. TheModulusofelasticity,Poissonsratio,yieldstress,materialdensityandcoefficientofthermalexpansionarespecifiedincolumns5761,6265,6670,7175
and7680.D. SolidelementsaredefinedonSOLIDinputlinesfollowingtheSOLIDheaderline.ThegeometryandpropertiesforsolidelementD101aredefinedonthefirst
SOLIDlineasfollows:A. ThesolidnameD101isdesignatedincolumns710.B. Theconnectingjointsarespecifiedincolumns1243.SolidD101isaneightnodebrickelementdefinedbyjoints101,102,202,201,111,112,212,and211.C. Amodulusofelasticityof3,640ksiisassignedby3.64incolumns5761.ThedefaultPoissonsratioandyieldstressareused.D. Thematerialdensityisspecifiedas150.0#/ft3incolumns7175.
E. TheJOINTheaderlinesignalsthebeginningofjointdefinitions.ThefirstJOINTlinedefinesthecoordinates**ofjoint101(101specifiedincolumns810).
**Note:Jointcoordinatesmaybedefinedindecimalsoffeet(meters)orinfeet(meters)plusinches(centimeters).Forthissample,coordinatesareexpressedinfeetplusinches.
A. TheXcoordinateofjoint101is9ftasdesignatedby9.incolumns1218.B. TheYcoordinateis5'0.276"or5.023'(5.00276mifmodelunitsaremetric)asdesignatedby5.incolumns1925and0.276incolumns4046.C. TheZcoordinateis0.(0incolumns2632).D. Joint101isasupportjointwithallsixdegreesoffreedomrestrained(111111incolumns5560).
F. Joint112isdefinedbyJOINTlinewith112incolumns810.A. TheX,YandZcoordinatesaredefinedincolumns1253.B. TheX,YandZrotationaldegreesoffreedomarerestrainedby000111incolumns5560.
Note:Becausesolidelementsdonothaverotationalstiffness,therotationaldegreesoffreedomforjointsconnectedexclusivelytosolidelementsmustbefixed.
G. TheloadingportionoftheinputbeginswiththeLOADheaderline.Loadcondition1isdesignatedincolumn10oftheLOADCNinputline.H. Loadcase1consistofloadsonjoints212,213,214,215,216,222,223,224,225,226,232,233,234,235and236.Joint212isloadedasfollows:
A. TheJOINlabelincolumns6669designatesthetypeofloadingasajointload.B. Thejointtobeloadedisdesignatedincolumns911.C. Aloadof0.735istobeappliedintheglobalZdirectionasindicatedincolumns3137.
I. Loadcase2containsavaryingnormalpressureloadactingonshellsS212andS214.TheLOADinputlinespecifiesthefollowing:A. ThetypeofloadisdesignatedasanormalpressureloadbySPCincolumns68.B. AllshellnamesfromS212throughS214aretobeloadedbythisinputline(S212andS214incolumns1013and1417).C. Thenormalpressureattheoriginjoint(i.e.firstjointspecifiedontheSHELLline)is10.4psiinthelocalZdirectionasspecifiedby10.4incolumns1824.D. Thenormalpressuredecreasesby0.866psiperfootinthelocalYdirection(0.866incolumns3238).
J. Loadcase3containsshelltemperatureloadsonthetopandbottomsurfacesofshellsS212andS214.Thetopsurfaceoftheshellisexposedtoatemperaturelowerthantheambienttemperaturewhilethebottomsurfaceisattheambienttemperature.
A. ThetypeofloadisdesignatedasashelltemperatureloadatthetopsurfacebySTTincolumns68.B. AllshellnamesfromS212throughS214aretobeloadedbythisinputline(S212andS214incolumns1013and1417).C. Thetemperatureatthetopsurfacerelativetotheambienttemperatureateachoftheshelljointsisspecifiedincolumns1880.D. Thetemperatureatthebottomsurfacerelativetoambienttemperatureisspecifiedincolumns1880oftheSHELLlinewithSTBdesignatedincolumns68.
K. Loadcombinationsmadeupofoneormoreloadcasesand/orcombinationsaredefinedaftertheLCOMBheaderline.Loadcase4isacombinationconsistingofloadcase1multipliedby1.1and100.0percentofloadcase2.
Theoutputfilefortheanalysisislistedonthefollowingpages.TheoutputforthepostprocessorisincludedandisdiscussedindetailinthePostprogrammodulemanual.