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8/6/2019 S5B Sustainable Sanitation and Hygiene for All: A Blend of Promising Approaches to Reach All by Antoinette Kome
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/s5b-sustainable-sanitation-and-hygiene-for-all-a-blend-of-promising-approaches 1/16
Manila, 23rd of May of 2011
Sustainable Sanitation and Hygiene for All:
a blend of promising approaches
ADB-DMC Dialogue
8/6/2019 S5B Sustainable Sanitation and Hygiene for All: A Blend of Promising Approaches to Reach All by Antoinette Kome
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/s5b-sustainable-sanitation-and-hygiene-for-all-a-blend-of-promising-approaches 2/16
Sustainable Sanitation and Hygiene for All
8/6/2019 S5B Sustainable Sanitation and Hygiene for All: A Blend of Promising Approaches to Reach All by Antoinette Kome
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/s5b-sustainable-sanitation-and-hygiene-for-all-a-blend-of-promising-approaches 3/16
What do we need to achieve?
• Acceleration of progress
• Coverage and quality
• Equity: reducing disparities
8/6/2019 S5B Sustainable Sanitation and Hygiene for All: A Blend of Promising Approaches to Reach All by Antoinette Kome
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/s5b-sustainable-sanitation-and-hygiene-for-all-a-blend-of-promising-approaches 4/16
Coverage, progress and quality
Country Ruralcoverage(JMP 2010)
SNV Programme areas(baselines 2010)
toilets Access to
sanitarytoilets
Hygienic
use
Bhutan 54% 86% 59% 29%
Cambodia 23% 22% 22% 13%
Lao PDR 38% 12% 8% 8%
Nepal 27% 50% 33% 37%
Viet Nam 67% 60% 39% 21%
8/6/2019 S5B Sustainable Sanitation and Hygiene for All: A Blend of Promising Approaches to Reach All by Antoinette Kome
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/s5b-sustainable-sanitation-and-hygiene-for-all-a-blend-of-promising-approaches 5/16
Equity: reducing disparities
0%
10%
20%30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Kinh H Mong Thai Kho Mu Nung Tay Phu la
A c c e s s t o
t o i l e t
s
Ethnic group
North west Vietnam access to toilets fordifferent ethnic groups (baseline 2010)
8/6/2019 S5B Sustainable Sanitation and Hygiene for All: A Blend of Promising Approaches to Reach All by Antoinette Kome
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/s5b-sustainable-sanitation-and-hygiene-for-all-a-blend-of-promising-approaches 6/16
How to facilitate access to sanitationhardware and services?
1. The majority of households can be reached by
strengthening the sanitation supply chains
2. Support mechanisms complement efforts for
those lagging behind: the poorest
6
Shops for sanitation hardware and masons building
toilet exist in any country
The challenge is to increase outreach
And serve many more customers
8/6/2019 S5B Sustainable Sanitation and Hygiene for All: A Blend of Promising Approaches to Reach All by Antoinette Kome
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/s5b-sustainable-sanitation-and-hygiene-for-all-a-blend-of-promising-approaches 7/16
• Understand diverse consumer aspirations
• Simplify the product and/or the process
• Increase outreach and information
• Work with the right people
1. Reaching the majority bystrengthening sanitation supply chains
8/6/2019 S5B Sustainable Sanitation and Hygiene for All: A Blend of Promising Approaches to Reach All by Antoinette Kome
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/s5b-sustainable-sanitation-and-hygiene-for-all-a-blend-of-promising-approaches 8/16
Sanitation Supply Chain Analysis
8/6/2019 S5B Sustainable Sanitation and Hygiene for All: A Blend of Promising Approaches to Reach All by Antoinette Kome
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/s5b-sustainable-sanitation-and-hygiene-for-all-a-blend-of-promising-approaches 9/16
1. Reaching the majority bystrengthening sanitation supply chains
a
•
Understand diverse consumeraspirations
• People do not want SHIT toilets
• Women aspire bathrooms for
privacy
• WTP is much higher than we think, if
they feel they can trust supplier
• The price of toilets is ridiculously
high
8/6/2019 S5B Sustainable Sanitation and Hygiene for All: A Blend of Promising Approaches to Reach All by Antoinette Kome
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/s5b-sustainable-sanitation-and-hygiene-for-all-a-blend-of-promising-approaches 10/16
1. Reaching the majority bystrengthening sanitation supply chains
b
• Simplify the product and/or the buying
process
• Cambodia with IDE’s “EZ latrine” plus added bathrooms
• Laos, developing a cost effective mould
• Bhutan, Nepal and Laos: Reduce cost by
BULK purchase
• Vietnam: The suppliers go in right after
the demand creation processes
8/6/2019 S5B Sustainable Sanitation and Hygiene for All: A Blend of Promising Approaches to Reach All by Antoinette Kome
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/s5b-sustainable-sanitation-and-hygiene-for-all-a-blend-of-promising-approaches 11/16
1. Reaching the majority bystrengthening sanitation supply chains
b
• Cambodia: Sales agents
• Nepal: outlets through small
shops
•
Bhutan: Tsechus for marketlinkages, information and
show-casing toilets through
public use
c • Increase outreach and information
8/6/2019 S5B Sustainable Sanitation and Hygiene for All: A Blend of Promising Approaches to Reach All by Antoinette Kome
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/s5b-sustainable-sanitation-and-hygiene-for-all-a-blend-of-promising-approaches 12/16
1. Reaching the majority bystrengthening sanitation supply chains
ad•
Work with the right people
• Small margins in rural sanitation
market are often only attractive
for small business or through a
“franchising model”
• 41% of retailers in Laos are co-
owned and operated by women
8/6/2019 S5B Sustainable Sanitation and Hygiene for All: A Blend of Promising Approaches to Reach All by Antoinette Kome
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/s5b-sustainable-sanitation-and-hygiene-for-all-a-blend-of-promising-approaches 13/16
•
Channelling• Targetting
• Monitoring for effectivenes
To households• Cash, materials, vouchers
• Upfront or after construction
To communities or lowest government
• Earmarked funding
• Post-ODF awards
Via the private sector
• Output based incentives
• Subsidised materials
• Subsidised credit
2.Support those lagging behind: thepoorest of the poor
8/6/2019 S5B Sustainable Sanitation and Hygiene for All: A Blend of Promising Approaches to Reach All by Antoinette Kome
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/s5b-sustainable-sanitation-and-hygiene-for-all-a-blend-of-promising-approaches 14/16
Common challenges for pro-poor support
• Many different forms and levels of subsidy existing
within one area creating confusing incentives, damaging
market development
• Effectiveness in reaching the poor
• Lack of monitoring information
14
Harmonise: avoid conflicting supportmechanisms and dependency on projectsDecentralise targettingChannel different sources through one agencyNo one-size fits all groups
8/6/2019 S5B Sustainable Sanitation and Hygiene for All: A Blend of Promising Approaches to Reach All by Antoinette Kome
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/s5b-sustainable-sanitation-and-hygiene-for-all-a-blend-of-promising-approaches 15/16
Promising ways out
• Link to existing rural employment
schemes
• Discussing existing poverty data
locally and find options
• Women’s union groups to link with
existing subsidy provisions
• Harmonise support at district level and channel
through private sector (Cambodia, Nepal)
8/6/2019 S5B Sustainable Sanitation and Hygiene for All: A Blend of Promising Approaches to Reach All by Antoinette Kome
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/s5b-sustainable-sanitation-and-hygiene-for-all-a-blend-of-promising-approaches 16/16
Lessons learned
• Public funded support should onlycomplement sanitation markets, not replace.
• A mix of different support mechanisms works best
• Responsibility for targetting and reaching
(sustainable) ODF should be combined
• Build on existing support mechanisms• Support should only come AFTER sanitation
demand creation 16