s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com€¦ · Web view2021. 2. 26. · A.1Equalization of Standard (Schedule 40) steel pipe discharge rates. A.2Available steel tube sizes and relevant data

Appendix A

Supplemental Tables

Contents of Supplemental Tables Page

A.1 Equalization of Standard (Schedule 40) steel pipe discharge ratesA.2 Available steel tube sizes and relevant dataA.3 Monthly and annual average of daily insolation values (kWh/m2.day) for AfricaA.4 Monthly and annual average of daily insolation values (kWh/m2.day) for Asia-Pacific A.5 Monthly and annual average of daily insolation values (kWh/m2.day) for CanadaA.6 Monthly and annual average of daily insolation values (kWh/m2.day) for EuropeA.7 Monthly and annual average of daily insolation values (kWh/m2.day) for South AmericaA.8 Monthly and annual average of daily insolation values (kWh/m2.day) for the USAA.9 Global estimates of annual solar resource availabilities and ranksA.10 Recommended night temperatures for a list of greenhouse cropsA.11 Climatic conditions for selected locations in the United States (I-P)A.12 Climatic conditions for selected locations in the United States (SI)A.13 Climatic conditions for selected locations in other countries (I-P)A.14 Climatic conditions for selected locations in other countries (SI)A.15 Thermodynamic properties of moist air at standard atmospheric pressure, 101,325 kPaA.16 Thermodynamic properties of water at saturationA.17 Physical properties of water at normal atmospheric pressure on the sea level at 0°CA.18 Heat emissions of horizontal white steel tubes (kcal/h.m)A.19 Heat emissions of black hot water heating hoses (kcal/h.m)A.20 Heat emissions of smooth floor heating polyethylene tubes (kcal/h.m)A.21 Piping table for central hot water heating pipesA.22 Boiler room piping table for central hot water heatingA.23 Flow rates versus flow resistances of hot water heating hoses at 80oCA.24 Flow rates versus flow resistances of floor heating polyethylene tubes at 35oCA.25 Flow resistances of loops with fixed steel pipe and hot water heating hose connections (mm H2O/m)A.26 Minimum and maximum capacities of steel pipesA.27 Resistance values at different resistance coefficients and water velocitiesA.28 Piping table for Class 51 PVC CO2 pipes for 60oC

Table A.1 Equalization of Standard (Schedule 40) steel pipe discharge rates.

Nominal Pipe Diameter

(in)

½¾ 1 1 ¼ 1 ½ 2 2 ½ 3 3 ½ 4 5 6 8 10 12

½ 1 2.0 3.7 7.3 11 20 31 54 78 107 188 297 590 1042 1635¾ 1 1.8 3.6 5.3 10 16 27 38 53 93 147 292 516 8091 1 2 2.9 5.5 8.5 15 21 29 51 80 160 282 443

1 ¼ 1 1.5 2.7 4.3 7.4 11 15 26 40 80 142 2231 ½ 1 1.9 2.9 5.0 7.2 9.9 17 28 55 97 1522 1 1.6 2.7 3.9 5.3 9.3 15 29 52 81

2 ½ 1 1.7 2.5 3.4 6.0 9.5 19 33 523 1 1.4 2.0 3.5 5.5 11 19 30

3 ½ 1 1.4 2.4 3.8 7.6 13 214 1 1.8 2.8 5.5 9.8 155 1 1.6 3.1 5.6 8.76 1 2.0 3.5 5.58 1 1.8 2.810 1 1.612 1

The tabulated values show the number of pipes of one size require to equal the delivery of a larger pipe under the same head. For instance, it requires 52 2” Std. pipes to equal one 10” Std. pipe.

Table A.2 Available steel tube sizes and relevant data.

NominalPipe Size

NominalTube Size

OutsideDiameter

WallThickness

InsideDiameter

InsideArea

in mm mm in m mm in m mm in m mm2 in2 m2

3/8 17 17.1 0.673 0.0171

2.31

0.091

0.0023

12.48 0.491 0.0125

122 0.190 0.000122½ 21 21.3 0.839 0.021

32.77

0.109

0.0028

15.76 0.620 0.0158

195 0.302 0.000195¾ 27 26.7 1.051 0.026

72.87

0.113

0.0029

20.96 0.825 0.0210

345 0.535 0.0003451 33 33.4 1.315 0.033

43.02

0.119

0.0030

27.36 1.077 0.0274

588 0.911 0.00058838 38.0 1.496 0.038

02.00

0.079

0.0020

34.00 1.339 0.0340

907 1.407 0.0009071 ¼ 42 42.2 1.661 0.042

21.65

0.065

0.0017

38.90 1.531 0.0389

1,188 1.841 0.0011881 ½ 48 48.3 1.902 0.048

32.77

0.109

0.0028

42.76 1.683 0.0428

1,435 2.225 0.00143551 50.9 2.004 0.050

92.10

0.083

0.0021

46.70 1.839 0.0467

1,712 2.654 0.00171157 57.0 2.244 0.057

02.25

0.089

0.0023

52.50 2.067 0.0525

2,164 3.354 0.0021642 60 60.3 2.374 0.060

32.77

0.109

0.0028

54.76 2.156 0.0548

2,354 3.649 0.00235463 63.5 2.500 0.063

52.25

0.089

0.0023

59.00 2.323 0.0590

2,733 4.236 0.00273470 70.0 2.756 0.070

02.50

0.098

0.0025

65.00 2.559 0.0650

3,317 5.141 0.0033182 ½ 73 73.0 2.874 0.073

02.11

0.083

0.0021

68.78 2.708 0.0688

3,714 5.756 0.00371576 76.1 2.996 0.076

12.50

0.098

0.0025

71.10 2.799 0.0711

3,968 6.151 0.00396883 82.5 3.248 0.082

52.50

0.098

0.0025

77.50 3.051 0.0775

4,715 7.308 0.0047173 89 88.9 3.500 0.088

92.11

0.083

0.0021

84.68 3.334 0.0847

5,629 8.725 0.00563295 95.0 3.740 0.095

02.75

0.108

0.0028

89.50 3.524 0.0895

6,288 9.746 0.0062913 ½ 102 101.6 4.000 0.101

62.75

0.108

0.0028

96.06 3.782 0.0961

7,244 11.228 0.007250108 108.0 4.252 0.108

02.75

0.108

0.0028

102.5 4.035 0.1025

8,247 12.784 0.0082474 114 114.3 4.500 0.114

32.77

0.109

0.0028

108.8 4.283 0.1088

9,292 14.403 0.009190121 121.0 4.764 0.121

03.00

0.118

0.0030

115.0 4.528 0.1150

10,382 16.092 0.010382127 127.0 5.000 0.127

03.00

0.118

0.0030

121.0 4.764 0.1210

11,493 17.814 0.011493133 133.0 5.236 0.133

03.00

0.118

0.0030

127.0 5.000 0.1270

12,661 19.625 0.0126615 140 141.3 5.563 0.141

33.40

0.134

0.0034

134.5 5.295 0.1345

14,201 22.011 0.014201152 152.4 6.000 0.152

43.00

0.118

0.0030

146.4 5.764 0.1464

16,825 26.079 0.016825159 159.0 6.260 0.159

03.00

0.118

0.0030

153.0 6.024 0.1530

18,376 28.483 0.0183766 168 168.3 6.626 0.168

33.40

0.134

0.0034

161.5 6.358 0.1615

20,475 31.736 0.0207298 219 219.1 8.626 0.219

14.78

0.188

0.0048

209.5 8.248 0.2095

34,454 53.404 0.03446710 273 273.1 10.75

20.273

14.68

0.184

0.0047

263.7 10.382

0.2637

54,587 84.610 0.05460412 324 323.9 12.75

20.323

96.35

0.250

0.0064

311.2 12.252

0.3112

76,024 117.837

0.07651314 356 355.6 14.00

00.355

65.00

0.197

0.0050

345.6 13.606

0.3456

93,760 145.328

0.09376016 406 406.4 16.00

00.406

46.35

0.250

0.0064

393.7 15.500

0.3937

121,675

188.596

0.12167518 457 457.0 17.99

20.457

06.35

0.250

0.0064

444.3 17.492

0.4443

154,961

240.190

0.15496120 508 508.0 20.00

00.508

06.35

0.250

0.0064

495.3 19.500

0.4953

192,578

298.496

0.19257824 610 610.0 24.01

60.610

06.35

0.250

0.0064

597.3 23.516

0.5973

280,062

434.097

0.280062

Table A.3 Monthly and annual average of daily insolation values (kWh/m2.day) for Africa.

AFRICACountry City Lat Long Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year AvgB. Faso Ougadougou 12o 24’ N 1o 30’ E 5.48 6.43 6.56 6.62 6.53 6.16 6.76 5.48 5.87 6.18 5.83 5.35 6.02C. A. Rep. Bangui 18o 32’ N 120o 36’ E 4.13 4.97 5.99 6.61 6.17 5.53 5.73 4.87 5.07 4.55 4.07 3.81 5.12Cameroon Yaounde 3o 48’ N 11o 30’ W 4.94 5.38 5.16 4.68 4.46 4.42 5.17 5.07 5.03 5.40 5.29 4.83 4.98Djibouti Djibouti 11o 33’ N 43o 09’ E 5.60 5.77 6.59 6.81 6.85 6.87 6.46 6.47 6.56 6.77 6.22 5.56 6.37Algeria Alger 36o 50’ N 3o 00’ E 2.22 2.94 3.87 5.00 5.88 6.69 7.23 6.48 5.15 3.53 2.43 2.02 4.45Egypt Cairo 29o 35’ N 31o 09’ E 3.39 4.17 5.24 6.49 7.11 8.00 7.88 7.40 6.42 5.07 3.86 3.19 5.68Ethiopia Addis Ababa 9o 2’ N 38o 42’ E 5.96 5.80 6.23 6.31 6.11 5.79 5.03 5.00 5.64 6.31 6.15 5.75 5.84Ghana Accra 5o 36’ N 0o 12’ W 5.65 6.01 55.65 5.33 5.00 4.49 4.50 4.59 4.67 5.25 5.70 5.55 5.20Gambia Gambia 13o 28’ N 16o 39’ W 5.01 5.93 6.67 6.92 6.72 6.06 5.48 5.09 5.30 5.67 5.36 4.95 5.76Guinea Conakry 9o 36’ N 13o 36’ E 5.81 6.41 6.51 6.22 5.69 5.69 5.09 5.05 5.46 5.87 5.98 5.60 5.78Kenya Nairobi 1o 16’ S 36o 48’ E 6.05 6.24 6.07 5.70 5.42 5.14 4.88 5.09 5.78 6.03 5.48 5.60 5.62Liberia Liberia 6o 30” N 9o 30’ W 5.43 5.72 5.59 5.31 5.11 4.61 4.25 4.19 4.67 5.13 5.24 5.20 5.03Libya Tarabulus 32o 54’ N 13o 11’ W 3.10 4.03 5.19 6.48 6.89 7.77 8.11 7.45 6.12 4.58 3.35 2.76 5.48Morocco Rabat 32o 32’ N 9o 17’ W 3.13 3.86 5.09 6.08 6.89 7.31 7.34 6.80 5.69 4.37 3.25 2.82 5.21Mali Bamako 12o 30’ N 7o 54’ E 5.61 6.35 6.64 6.78 6.42 6.47 5.87 5.65 6.04 6.13 5.85 5.36 6.09Mauritania Nouakchott 17o 45’ N 15o 45’ E 5.31 6.21 6.80 7.54 7.57 7.63 7.20 6.90 6.78 6.34 5.49 4.88 6.55Niger Niamey 13o 30’ N 2o 12’ W 5.42 6.39 6.72 6.79 6.75 6.31 6.07 5.78 6.07 6.16 5.79 5.29 6.12Nigeria Abuja 9o 12’ N 7o 11’ E 5.57 6.33 6.22 6.10 5.89 5.47 4.92 4.65 5.12 5.82 5.81 5.42 5.61Sudan Al Khur-tum 15o 33’ N 33o 32’ E 5.46 6.19 6.75 7.25 6.85 6.96 6.52 6.35 6.42 6.17 5.66 5.22 6.31Sierra Leone Freetown 8o 29’ N 13o 14’ W 5.19 5.91 6.08 5.47 4.76 4.09 3.60 3.58 4.25 4.84 4.93 4.94 4.80Senegal Dakar 14o 38’ N 17o 27’ W 4.84 5.77 6.56 6.81 6.70 5.70 5.15 5.01 5.13 5.46 5.03 4.63 5.56Somalia Muqdisho 2o 02’ N 45o 20’ E 6.38 6.81 6.71 6.28 5.85 5.45 5.21 5.61 6.15 6.16 6.00 5.91 6.04Tunisia Tunis 36o 48’ N 10o 68’ E 2.29 3.06 4.09 5.47 6.38 7.16 7.57 6.80 5.33 3.65 2.54 2.08 4.70

Table A.4 Monthly and annual average of daily insolation values (kWh/m2.day) for Asia-Pacific.

ASIA-PACIFICCountry City Lat Long Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Avg

Australia

Adelaide 34o 55’ S 138o 36’ E 7.20 6.58 5.18 3.85 2.65 2.23 2.48 3.20 4.46 5.69 6.59 6.74 4.74Brisbane 27o 99’ S 153o 08’ E 6.93 6.09 5.44 4.34 3.50 3.29 3.52 4.43 5.62 6.18 6.74 6.93 5.25Hobart 42o 52’ S 147o 19’ E 5.97 5.33 4.05 2.73 1.79 1.44 1.68 2.41 3.60 4.78 5.92 6.18 3.82Melbourne 37o 47’ S 144o 58’ E 6.78 6.22 4.76 3.40 2.29 1.84 2.04 2.79 3.94 5.27 6.28 6.46 4.34Perth 31o 57’ S 115o 52’ E 7.70 6.75 5.41 4.16 3.06 2.67 2.89 3.66 4.76 6.09 7.04 7.76 5.16Sydney 34o 00’ S 151o 00’ E 6.34 5.68 4.87 3.60 2.74 2.50 2.67 3.54 4.67 5.61 6.32 6.60 4.59

Bangladesh Dhaka 23o 42’ N 90o 22’ E 4.44 5.08 5.87 6.06 5.50 4.41 4.09 4.37 4.17 4.50 4.37 4.13 4.75

China

Beijing 39o 55’ N 116o 25’ E 2.37 2.92 3.58 5.61 4.83 5.68 5.42 4.49 4.25 3.20 2.66 2.04 3.92Nanjing 32o 03’ N 118o 53’ E 2.04 2.22 2.65 4.50 3.84 4.47 4.93 4.50 3.67 3.02 2.88 2.08 3.40Shanghai 31o 10’ N 121o 28’ E 2.29 2.63 3.07 4.54 4.38 4.59 5.52 5.23 4.03 3.39 2.97 2.38 4.01Hong Kong 22o 18’ N 114o 10’ E 2.59 2.56 3.06 3.93 4.13 4.74 5.81 4.95 4.68 4.05 3.56 2.93 4.18

Indonesia Jakarta 6o 11’ S 106o 50’ E 4.15 4.59 5.00 4.94 4.88 4.71 5.09 5.46 5.66 5.36 4.76 4.47 5.03Israel Tel Aviv 32o 05’ N 34o 46’ E 2.78 3.50 4.73 6.03 6.86 7.87 7.81 7.22 6.19 4.63 3.32 2.62 5.73

Iran

Tabriz 38o 48’ N 46o 18’ E 1.79 2.40 3.37 4.58 5.54 6.71 6.97 6.06 5.20 3.26 2.14 1.56 4.13Tehran 35o 40’ N 51o 26’ E 2.23 2.84 3.72 5.12 5.99 7.32 7.20 6.41 5.59 3.90 2.61 2.02 4.58Mashhad 36o 16’ N 59o 34’ E 2.22 2.97 3.88 5.21 6.29 7.49 7.41 6.78 5.70 4.13 2.78 2.06 4.74Bandar Abbas 27o 15’ N 56o 15’ E 3.63 4.43 5.14 6.29 7.43 7.96 7.41 6.97 6.58 5.51 4.29 3.37 5.75

IndiaNew Delhi 28o 00’ N 77o 00’ E 3.68 4.47 5.50 6.60 7.08 6.55 5.01 4.62 5.11 4.99 4.15 3.42 5.10Bombay 18o 33’ N 72o 32’ E 5.22 6.03 6.66 7.05 6.77 4.59 3.54 3.40 4.72 5.39 5.15 4.80 5.28Bangalore 12o 57’ N 77o 37’ E 5.00 5.90 6.44 6.42 6.13 4.76 4.48 4.59 4.98 4.68 4.34 4.40 5.18

Iraq Baghdad 33o 20’ N 44o 24’ E 2.79 3.64 4.59 5.76 6.83 8.10 7.97 7.29 6.25 4.44 3.04 2.52 5.27Jordan Amman 31o 57’ N 35o 57’ E 2.93 3.67 4.83 6.04 6.88 7.91 7.86 7.27 6.25 4.71 3.47 2.76 5.80Japan Tokyo 35o 35’ N 139o 38’ E 2.31 2.99 3.70 4.90 5.07 4.47 4.88 5.42 3.82 2.98 2.50 2.23 4.00Cambodia Phnom Penh 11o 33’ N 104o 51’ E 5.27 5.78 6.02 5.76 5.09 4.30 4.55 4.07 4.34 4.41 4.88 5.03 4.85North Korea Pyongyang 39o 00’ N 125o 18’ E 2.50 3.35 4.50 5.17 5.60 5.35 4.51 4.63 4.22 3.51 2.46 2.09 4.20Korea Seoul 37o 31’ N 127o 00’ E 2.62 3.40 4.29 5.24 5.63 5.15 4.26 4.55 3.99 3.64 2.60 2.24 4.16Laos Vientiane 18o 07’ N 102o 35’ E 4.30 4.94 5.52 5.74 5.11 4.24 4.22 4.19 4.61 4.26 4.21 4.24 4.63Lebanon Beirut 33o 54’ N 35o 28’ E 2.64 3.40 4.63 6.03 6.96 7.90 7.84 7.19 6.13 4.50 3.14 2.44 5.68Myanmar Yangon 16o 47’ N 96o 09’ E 5.40 6.06 6.65 6.69 5.14 3.24 3.30 2.99 4.12 4.51 4.82 5.05 4.65Mongolia Ulaanbaatar 47o 55’ N 106o 54’ E 1.79 2.77 4.24 5.53 6.26 6.15 5.55 4.88 4.17 3.00 1.82 1.40 4.30Malaysia Kuala Lumpur 3o 07’ N 101o 42’ E 4.54 5.27 5.14 5.05 4.80 4.98 4.91 4.78 4.54 4.51 4.23 4.07 4.70

New ZealandAuckland 36o 52’ S 174o 45’ E 6.37 5.90 4.71 3.43 2.44 2.00 2.25 2.95 4.13 5.23 6.05 6.56 4.34Christchurch 43o 32’ S 172o 37’ E 5.90 4.95 3.86 2.75 1.72 1.21 1.47 2.15 3.30 4.34 5.43 5.64 3.57Wellington 41o 17’ S 174o 47’ E 6.27 5.31 4.17 3.00 1.95 1.54 1.74 2.46 3.66 4.70 5.73 6.01 3.88

Oman Muscat 23o 37’ N 58o 37’ E 4.34 5.00 5.85 6.69 7.54 7.56 6.91 6.71 6.55 5.93 4.95 4.23 6.29

PhilippinesCebu 10o 19’ N 123o 54’ E 4.53 5.15 5.83 6.25 5.90 4.83 4.76 4.93 4.96 4.75 4.49 4.44 5.07Manila 14o 37’ N 120o 58’ E 4.82 5.62 6.42 6.75 6.19 4.96 4.94 4.41 4.86 4.63 4.59 4.50 5.22

S. Arabia Riyadh 24o 39’ N 46o 42’ E 4.03 4.92 5.56 6.24 7.27 7.99 7.86 7.46 6.83 5.80 4.58 3.82 6.03Singapore Singapore C. 1o 00’ N 103o 00’ E 4.43 5.52 5.05 5.05 4.62 4.66 4.51 4.61 4.49 4.50 3.98 3.93 4.61

ThailandBang Kok 13o 45’ N 100o 30’ E 4.42 4.65 4.84 5.03 4.75 3.77 4.22 3.46 3.63 3.89 4.16 4.40 4.27Chiang Mai 18o 00’ N 99o 00’ E 4.79 5.51 6.11 6.29 5.53 4.44 4.16 4.18 4.50 4.34 4.28 4.48 4.88

U.A. Emirates Abu Dhabi 24o 28’ N 54o 22’ E 3.92 4.50 5.22 5.87 7.06 7.33 6.90 6.64 6.39 5.53 4.54 3.79 5.64Vietnam Hanoi 21o 00’ N 105o 54’ E 2.52 2.94 3.81 4.34 4.66 4.51 4.62 4.62 4.57 3.64 3.29 3.17 3.89Yemen Aden 12o 50’ N 45o 02’ E 5.45 5.78 6.52 6.48 6.71 6.72 6.33 6.33 6.41 6.54 5.99 5.39 6.22

Table A.5 Monthly and annual average of daily insolation values (kWh/m2.day) for Canada.

CANADAProvince City Lat Long Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year AvgAB Edmonton 53o 34’ N 113o 31’ W 1.45 2.36 3.41 4.25 4.91 5.42 5.55 4.76 3.52 2.18 1.43 1.21 3.37BC Victoria 48o 25’ N 123o 19’ W 1.00 1.82 2.93 4.01 5.13 5.54 5.85 5.28 3.88 2.17 1.11 0.86 3.29MB Winnipeg 49o 54’ N 97o 14’ W 1.21 2.08 3.27 4.55 5.54 5.80 5.85 4.84 3.32 2.21 1.33 1.02 3.41NL St. Johns 45o 19’ N 65o 53’ W 1.56 2.27 3.48 4.19 4.76 5.05 5.05 4.54 3.53 2.29 1.43 1.27 3.28NS Halifax 44o 39’ N 63o 34’ W 1.56 2.31 3.46 4.09 4.82 5.27 5.41 4.86 3.92 2.54 1.53 1.30 3.42ON Toronto 43o 41’ N 79o 38’ W 1.44 2.27 3.19 4.13 5.15 5.83 5.67 4.82 3.66 2.47 1.48 1.20 3.44QC Montreal 45o 28’ N 73o 45’ W 1.45 2.36 3.41 4.25 4.91 5.42 5.55 4.76 3.52 2.18 1.43 1.21 3.37SK Regina 45o 19’ N 65o 53’ W 1.14 1.96 3.02 4.69 5.48 5.79 6.14 4.96 3.42 2.29 1.30 0.95 3.42

Table A.6 Monthly and annual average of daily insolation values (kWh/m2.day) for Europe.

EUROPECountry City Lat Long Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year AvgAustria Vienna 48o 13’ N 16o 22’ E 1.10 1.81 2.80 3.76 4.76 5.12 5.72 4.98 3.68 2.15 1.28 0.93 3.52Belgium Bruxelles 50o 45’ N 4o 30’ E 0.74 1.31 2.29 3.68 4.67 4.48 4.82 4.20 2.86 1.73 0.92 0.56 3.02Bulgaria Sofija 42o 40’ N 23o 18’ E 1.50 2.04 2.97 4.05 5.00 5.80 6.29 5.68 4.46 2.75 1.62 1.27 3.99Cyprus Limassol 34o 40’ N 33o 03’ E 2.52 3.26 4.54 6.00 6.85 7.81 7.80 7.18 6.11 4.43 3.02 2.31 5.61Croatia Zagreb 45o 29’ N 15o 35’ E 1.30 2.00 2.94 3.91 5.03 5.37 5.93 5.19 3.94 2.39 1.39 1.09 3.72

GermanyHamburg 53o 33’ N 9o 59’ E 0.54 1.11 2.09 3.68 4.86 4.47 4.47 3.89 2.59 1.48 0.69 0.40 2.52Munich 48o 05’ N 11o 23’ E 1.05 1.80 2.82 3.95 4.84 4.65 5.14 4.46 3.20 2.00 1.02 0.79 2.98

Spain

Madrid 40o 25’ N 3o 41’ W 1.93 2.75 4.09 4.83 5.85 6.52 7.11 6.30 4.91 3.07 1.97 1.59 4.62Malaga 36o 43’ N 4o 42’ W 2.52 3.24 4.51 5.40 6.35 7.09 7.64 6.81 5.39 3.70 2.58 2.14 5.16Barcelona 41o 24’ N 2o 9’ E 1.89 2.71 3.97 4.99 5.82 6.56 7.01 6.07 4.72 3.11 2.04 1.70 4.60Alicante 38o 40’ N 0o 30’ W 2.23 3.02 4.26 5.39 6.13 6.89 7.34 6.53 5.11 3.45 2.34 1.94 4.94

FranceLyon 45o 46’ N 4o 50’ E 1.26 1.97 3.02 4.08 4.97 5.40 6.03 5.23 3.93 2.27 1.43 1.08 3.74Paris 48o 52’ N 2o 20’ E 0.89 1.62 2.62 3.95 4.90 4.83 5.35 4.61 3.33 2.00 1.12 0.72 3.34Toulouse 43o 37’ N 1o 26’ E 1.39 2.14 3.19 4.03 4.82 5.16 5.86 5.07 4.09 2.48 1.58 1.25 3.75

Greece Athens 38o 00’ N 23o 43’ E 2.00 2.52 3.67 5.21 6.38 7.52 7.61 6.91 5.57 3.50 2.16 1.63 4.56Hungary Budapest 47o 30’ N 19o 30’ E 1.00 1.71 2.76 3.90 5.03 5.30 5.62 4.84 3.57 2.24 1.17 0.88 3.17Ireland Dublin 53o 20’ N 6o 15’ W 0.56 1.07 1.97 3.32 4.40 4.30 4.30 3.40 2.69 1.43 0.77 0.43 2.39

ItalyMilan 45o 28’ N 9o 12’ E 1.27 1.89 2.91 3.65 4.84 5.36 5.97 5.21 3.91 2.40 1.42 1.08 3.33Rome 41o 53’ N 12o 30’ E 1.78 2.52 3.71 4.87 5.98 6.84 7.08 6.34 4.83 3.08 1.98 1.56 4.21

Netherlands Amsterdam 52o 21’ N 4o 54’ E 0.61 1.21 2.27 3.76 4.88 4.73 4.78 4.13 2.80 1.60 0.78 0.45 2.67Norway Oslo 59o 56’ N 10o 44’ E 0.30 0.87 1.68 3.12 4.65 4.84 4.59 3.36 2.22 1.02 0.42 0.19 2.27Romania Bucharest 44o 26’ N 26o 06’ E 1.36 1.94 2.91 3.94 5.03 5.60 6.15 5.53 4.15 2.59 1.37 1.10 3.47

PortugalLisboa 38o 40’ N 9o 11’ W 2.27 2.99 4.30 5.15 6.13 6.46 6.89 6.33 5.11 3.44 2.27 1.84 4.43Oviedo 43o 21’ N 5o 50’ W 1.67 2.29 3.44 4.59 5.56 6.32 6.86 5.95 4.51 2.71 1.77 1.46 3.93

Turkey Ankara 39o 57’ N 32o 53’ E 1.77 2.38 3.69 4.54 5.53 6.63 6.99 6.55 5.22 3.24 1.99 1.51 4.17Ukraine Odessa 46o 30’ N 30o 46’ E 1.08 1.78 2.68 3.87 5.40 5.70 6.39 5.63 3.96 2.45 1.06 0.87 3.41

U. KingdomEdinburgh 55o 56’ N 3o 10’ W 0.44 0.94 1.86 3.18 4.33 4.34 4.13 3.41 2.43 1.20 0.59 0.32 2.26London 51o 32’ N 0o 5’ W 0.67 1.26 2.22 3.48 4.54 4.51 4.74 4.01 2.86 1.65 0.89 0.52 2.61

SwitzerlandBern 46o 57’ N 7o 26’ E 1.10 1.77 2.74 3.60 4.70 5.07 5.68 4.95 3.66 2.18 1.26 0.92 3.14Lausanne 46o 32’ N 6o 39’ E 1.10 1.81 2.80 3.76 4.76 5.12 5.72 4.98 3.68 2.15 1.28 0.93 3.17

Yugoslavia Beograd 44o 50’ N 20o 30’ E 1.29 1.89 2.92 3.86 4.88 5.45 6.00 5.30 4.05 2.50 1.40 1.11 3.39

Table A.7 Monthly and annual average of daily insolation values (kWh/m2.day) for South America.

SOUTH AMERICACountry City Lat Long Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Avg

ArgentinaBuenos Aires 34º 49’ S 58º 32’ W 6.44 5.67 4.53 3.53 2.74 2.04 2.31 3.27 4.23 5.12 6.36 6.44 4.39Cordoba 31º 24' S 64º 12' W 7.07 6.30 4.90 3.87 3.01 2.65 2.79 3.63 4.76 5.93 6.63 6.96 4.88Rio Gallegos 51º 37' S 69º 13' W 5.47 4.63 3.32 2.02 1.07 0.71 0.81 1.61 2.87 4.26 5.53 5.79 3.17

Belize Belize City 17º 30' N 88º 11' W 3.73 4.59 5.45 5.97 5.75 5.19 5.03 5.16 4.82 4.50 3.99 3.54 4.81

Brazil

Belem 01º 27' S 48º 29' W 4.54 4.34 4.26 4.46 4.75 4.99 5.27 5.50 5.85 5.79 5.52 4.96 5.02B. Horizonte 19º 55' S 43º 56' W 5.45 5.63 5.34 4.78 4.30 4.09 4.32 4.82 5.05 5.26 5.25 4.98 4.94Brasilia 15º 52’ S 47º 56’ W 5.21 5.15 5.09 4.99 4.80 4.59 4.86 5.46 5.28 5.23 4.97 4.82 5.03Curitiba 25º 26' S 49º 15' W 5.48 4.88 4.32 3.57 2.95 2.83 2.96 3.47 3.87 4.65 5.44 5.41 4.15Fortaleza 03º 43' S 38º 31' W 5.85 5.44 4.82 4.80 5.11 5.34 5.74 6.34 6.60 6.62 6.50 6.16 5.78Manaus 03º 08' S 60º 01' W 4.15 4.12 4.22 4.34 4.08 4.24 4.55 4.98 5.23 4.93 4.72 4.23 4.48Porto Alegre 30º 02' S 51º 13' W 6.08 5.56 4.54 3.48 2.81 2.27 2.50 3.06 3.89 5.01 5.93 6.50 4.30Recife 08º 05' S 34º 54' W 6.59 6.22 5.95 5.05 4.84 4.61 4.38 5.07 5.78 6.23 6.40 6.48 5.63Rio de Janeiro 22º 54' S 42º 10' W 5.40 5.34 4.87 4.11 3.43 3.35 3.39 3.83 3.77 4.41 4.97 4.98 4.32Salvador 12º 59' S 38º 30' W 5.89 5.79 5.28 4.59 4.09 3.75 3.83 4.26 4.79 5.32 5.38 5.61 4.88Sao Paulo 23º 33' S 46º 39' W 5.44 5.05 4.75 4.21 3.47 3.36 3.54 4.19 4.25 5.09 5.73 5.38 4.54

BoliviaLa Paz 16º 29' S 68º 08' W 5.30 5.57 5.16 5.01 4.78 4.37 4.51 4.96 5.66 5.98 6.15 5.92 5.28Santa Cruz 17º 47' S 63º 10' W 4.57 4.90 4.57 3.92 3.44 3.25 3.44 4.01 4.45 5.00 5.21 5.01 4.31Sucre 19º 02' S 65º 15' W 1.67 2.29 3.47 4.58 5.59 6.37 6.86 5.97 4.51 2.73 1.77 1.46 3.93

Chile

Iquique 20º 13' S 70º 10' W 7.42 7.34 6.19 4.70 3.45 2.78 3.04 3.39 4.53 5.37 6.36 7.40 5.16Osorno 40º 35' S 73º 14' W 6.78 6.02 4.34 2.93 1.91 1.43 1.69 2.48 3.50 4.95 6.47 6.98 4.12Santiago 33º 27' S 70º 42' W 7.55 6.56 5.13 3.83 2.59 2.22 2.38 3.09 4.08 5.64 6.84 7.82 4.81Valparaiso 33º 01' S 71º 38' W 7.55 6.56 5.13 3.83 2.59 2.22 2.38 3.09 4.08 5.64 6.84 7.82 4.81

Columbia

Bogota 04º 36' N 74º 05' W 4.50 4.48 4.67 4.46 4.45 4.63 4.71 4.70 4.80 4.28 4.24 4.32 4.52Cali 03º 27' N 76º 30' W 3.63 3.90 4.09 3.89 3.76 3.71 4.05 3.93 3.89 3.52 3.49 3.44 3.78Cartagena 10º 25' N 75º 32' W 5.74 6.18 6.54 6.30 5.62 5.56 5.66 5.72 5.35 4.72 4.90 5.30 5.63Medellin 06º 14' N 75º 34' W 3.95 4.22 4.38 3.95 4.01 4.36 4.67 4.51 4.37 3.82 3.78 3.86 4.16

Costa Rica San Jose 09º 59' N 84º 04' W 6.09 6.74 7.23 6.64 5.26 5.00 4.94 4.84 4.76 4.63 4.63 5.30 5.51Cuba Havana 23º 09' N 82º 21' W 4.09 4.97 5.92 7.06 7.15 7.10 6.90 6.86 6.10 5.12 4.26 3.74 5.77

EcuadorGuayaquil 02º 13' S 79º 54' W 6.07 6.01 6.31 6.31 5.83 4.88 4.50 4.50 4.95 4.69 5.29 5.93 5.44Quito 00º 14' S 78º 30' W 3.57 3.56 3.71 3.71 3.73 3.81 3.85 3.88 3.89 3.79 3.85 3.68 3.75

El Salvador San Salvador 13º 40' N 89º 10' W 5.58 6.23 6.68 6.52 5.95 5.74 6.22 6.18 5.49 5.61 5.42 5.30 5.91Guatemala City 14º 37' N 90º 31' W 4.93 5.48 5.90 5.81 5.35 4.91 5.27 5.12 4.59 4.68 4.65 4.62 5.11Guiana Cayenne 04º 56' N 52º 27' W 3.91 4.34 4.55 4.66 4.04 4.25 4.96 5.40 5.81 5.51 4.91 4.29 4.72Guyana Georgetown 06º 50' N 58º 12' W 4.12 4.57 4.98 5.09 4.49 4.32 4.65 4.90 5.15 4.88 4.42 4.01 4.63Honduras Tegucigalpa 14º 05' N 87º 14' W 4.26 5.08 5.84 5.99 5.54 5.35 5.34 5.47 5.04 4.43 4.15 3.91 5.03Jamaica Kingston 17º 58' N 76º 48' W 4.92 5.67 6.45 6.80 6.50 6.82 6.84 6.61 6.23 5.45 4.76 4.58 5.97Martinique Fort de France 14º 37' N 61º 05' W 5.35 5.98 6.59 6.94 6.70 6.42 6.49 6.45 6.03 5.87 5.15 5.15 6.09

Mexico

Acapulco 16º 50' N 99º 54' W 5.46 6.30 7.17 7.41 7.06 6.16 6.29 6.20 5.45 5.94 5.56 5.19 6.18Cancun 21º 10' N 86º 50' W 4.16 5.14 6.04 6.86 6.79 6.47 6.63 6.65 5.86 5.19 4.51 3.90 5.68Chihuahua 28º 39' N 106º 05' W 3.41 4.34 5.63 6.43 6.88 6.53 5.69 5.30 5.14 4.65 3.89 3.26 5.10Guadalajara 20º 40' N 103º 40' W 4.24 5.18 6.21 6.71 6.89 6.00 5.23 5.41 5.14 5.11 4.79 4.13 5.42La Paz 24º 09' N 110º 18' W 3.73 4.67 5.75 6.63 7.16 7.07 6.40 6.06 5.52 4.93 4.11 3.51 5.46Mexico City 19º 26' N 99º 08' W 4.34 5.07 5.89 5.95 5.90 5.03 4.76 4.86 4.57 4.73 4.57 4.29 5.00Monterrey 25º 40' N 100º 23' W 3.33 4.20 5.40 5.71 6.06 5.89 5.59 5.44 4.76 4.49 3.90 3.23 4.83Oaxaca 17º 04' N 96º 43' W 4.36 4.99 5.74 6.08 5.86 5.01 4.92 4.95 4.43 4.63 4.38 4.08 4.95Puerto Vallarta 20º 39' N 105º 14' W 4.20 5.29 6.39 7.12 7.51 6.96 6.17 5.99 5.32 5.30 4.82 4.00 5.76Tijuana 32º 32' N 117º 01' W 3.32 4.15 5.23 6.37 6.61 6.43 6.46 6.31 5.40 4.26 3.65 3.08 5.11Veracruz 19º 10' N 96º 07' W 3.55 4.13 4.86 5.35 5.40 5.12 5.15 5.17 4.66 4.45 3.92 3.43 4.60

Nicaragua Managua 12º 10' N 86º 15' W 5.34 5.89 6.59 6.54 5.83 5.67 5.70 5.69 5.43 5.39 5.15 5.05 5.69Panama Panama City 08º 58' N 79º 33' W 5.27 5.92 6.23 5.75 4.78 4.11 4.16 4.15 4.24 3.99 4.23 4.66 4.79Paraguay Asuncion 25º 20’ S 57º 31’ W 6.10 5.77 4.98 3.84 3.48 2.76 3.09 3.97 4.49 5.26 6.22 6.26 4.68

PeruArequipa 16º 25' S 71º 32' W 4.95 5.26 4.88 4.90 4.80 4.53 4.78 5.16 5.70 5.84 5.96 5.54 5.19Cusco 13º 30' S 71º 58' W 4.19 4.43 4.23 3.99 3.74 3.56 4.01 4.29 4.55 4.72 4.67 4.50 4.24Lima 40º 42’ N 84º 02’ W 1.57 2.48 3.21 4.46 5.37 5.97 5.58 5.18 4.58 3.09 1.81 1.33 3.71

Puerto Rico San Juan 18º 15' N 66º 30' W 4.26 4.90 5.70 6.09 5.89 6.09 6.08 5.78 5.26 4.80 4.36 4.15 5.28Suriname Paramaribo 05º 49' N 55º 09' W 4.13 4.63 5.07 5.08 4.78 4.78 5.12 5.42 5.87 5.61 4.97 4.47 4.99

VenezuelaCaracas 10º 30’ N 66º 54’ W 5.14 5.82 6.11 5.94 5.76 5.63 5.77 5.77 5.72 5.56 5.01 4.84 5.59Maracaibo 10º 39' N 71º 36' W 4.71 5.09 5.42 5.22 5.12 5.28 5.49 5.31 5.20 4.68 4.55 4.51 5.05Valencia 10º 09' N 68º 00' W 5.75 6.68 7.17 7.28 6.48 5.11 5.92 6.26 6.26 6.13 5.76 5.41 6.18

Table A.8 Monthly and annual average of daily insolation values (kWh/m2.day) for the USA.

UNITES STATES OF AMERICAState City Lat Long Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year AvgAL Birmingham 33' 34" N 86' 45" W 2.29 3.31 4.04 5.14 5.92 5.98 5.81 5.70 4.80 3.93 2.96 2.25 4.34AK Anchorage 61' 10" N 150' 01" W 0.21 0.76 1.68 3.12 3.98 4.58 4.25 3.16 1.98 0.98 0.37 0.12 2.09AR Little Rock 32' 25" N 94' 44" W 2.36 3.39 4.01 5.32 5.71 6.19 6.15 5.85 5.25 4.17 2.95 2.25 4.46AZ Phoenix 33' 26" N 112' 01" W 3.25 4.41 5.17 6.76 7.42 7.70 6.99 6.11 6.02 4.44 3.52 2.75 5.38CA Los Angeles 34' 00" N 118' 00" W 3.09 4.25 5.09 6.58 7.29 7.62 7.45 6.72 6.11 4.42 3.43 2.72 5.40CA San Francisco 38' 31" N 121' 30" W 2.35 3.33 4.42 5.95 6.84 7.39 7.55 6.51 5.75 3.92 2.65 2.06 4.89CO Denver 39' 45" N 104' 52" W 2.25 3.20 4.32 5.61 6.11 6.71 6.50 5.86 5.47 4.01 2.59 1.98 4.55CT Hartford 41' 44" N 72' 39" W 1.70 2.43 3.48 4.07 5.14 5.58 5.38 5.04 4.13 2.91 1.81 1.42 3.59DE Dover 39' 08" N 75' 28" W 1.85 2.62 3.60 4.33 5.44 5.91 5.64 5.30 4.38 3.23 2.21 1.66 3.84FL Miami 25' 48" N 80' 16" W 3.72 4.61 5.42 6.40 6.61 6.29 6.26 6.08 5.47 4.84 3.96 3.46 5.26GA Atlanta 33' 39" N 84' 26" W 2.31 3.37 4.08 5.20 6.02 6.01 5.81 5.59 4.76 3.95 2.98 2.33 4.37HI Honolulu 21' 20" N 157' 55" W 4.38 5.15 5.99 6.69 7.05 7.48 7.37 7.07 6.51 5.46 4.41 4.01 5.96IA Dubuque 42' 24" N 90' 42" W 1.64 2.58 3.34 4.57 5.54 6.06 5.81 5.26 4.33 3.03 1.72 1.35 3.77ID Boise 43' 34" N 116' 13" W 1.73 2.72 3.77 5.22 5.90 6.57 7.17 6.12 5.28 3.29 1.74 1.46 4.24IN Indianapolis 39' 44" N 86' 17" W 1.67 2.59 3.28 4.67 5.46 6.11 5.79 5.37 4.76 3.33 1.97 1.46 3.87IL Chicago 41' 53" N 87' 38" W 1.50 2.45 3.20 4.48 5.56 6.07 5.68 5.27 4.51 3.07 1.69 1.26 3.72CA Los Angeles 34' 00" N 118' 00" W 3.09 4.25 5.09 6.58 7.29 7.62 7.45 6.72 6.11 4.42 3.43 2.72 5.40CA San Francisco 38' 31" N 121' 30" W 2.35 3.33 4.42 5.95 6.84 7.39 7.55 6.51 5.75 3.92 2.65 2.06 4.89CO Denver 39' 45" N 104' 52" W 2.25 3.20 4.32 5.61 6.11 6.71 6.50 5.86 5.47 4.01 2.59 1.98 4.55CT Hartford 41' 44" N 72' 39" W 1.70 2.43 3.48 4.07 5.14 5.58 5.38 5.04 4.13 2.91 1.81 1.42 3.59DE Dover 39' 08" N 75' 28" W 1.85 2.62 3.60 4.33 5.44 5.91 5.64 5.30 4.38 3.23 2.21 1.66 3.84FL Miami 25' 48" N 80' 16" W 3.72 4.61 5.42 6.40 6.61 6.29 6.26 6.08 5.47 4.84 3.96 3.46 5.26GA Atlanta 33' 39" N 84' 26" W 2.31 3.37 4.08 5.20 6.02 6.01 5.81 5.59 4.76 3.95 2.98 2.33 4.37HI Honolulu 21' 20" N 157' 55" W 4.38 5.15 5.99 6.69 7.05 7.48 7.37 7.07 6.51 5.46 4.41 4.01 5.96IA Dubuque 42' 24" N 90' 42" W 1.64 2.58 3.34 4.57 5.54 6.06 5.81 5.26 4.33 3.03 1.72 1.35 3.77ID Boise 43' 34" N 116' 13" W 1.73 2.72 3.77 5.22 5.90 6.57 7.17 6.12 5.28 3.29 1.74 1.46 4.24IN Indianapolis 39' 44" N 86' 17" W 1.67 2.59 3.28 4.67 5.46 6.11 5.79 5.37 4.76 3.33 1.97 1.46 3.87IL Chicago 41' 53" N 87' 38" W 1.50 2.45 3.20 4.48 5.56 6.07 5.68 5.27 4.51 3.07 1.69 1.26 3.72KS Kansas City 39' 12" N 94' 36" W 2.06 2.89 3.62 4.92 5.58 6.17 6.21 5.59 4.90 3.49 2.20 1.75 4.11KY Louisville 38' 11" N 85' 44" W 1.71 2.65 3.32 4.73 5.38 6.08 5.79 5.35 4.80 3.42 2.10 1.56 3.90LA New Orleans 29' 37" N 90' 05" W 2.64 3.73 4.67 5.80 6.60 6.15 6.09 5.70 5.13 4.48 3.49 2.68 4.76MA Boston 42' 22" N 71' 02" W 1.66 2.50 3.51 4.13 5.11 5.47 5.44 5.05 4.12 2.84 1.74 1.40 3.58MD Annapolis 38' 35" N 76' 21" W 1.96 2.80 3.71 4.55 5.54 6.03 5.77 5.34 4.48 3.40 2.37 1.81 3.98ME Portland 45' 36" N 122' 36" W 1.38 2.33 3.49 4.57 5.46 6.09 6.64 5.78 4.80 2.79 1.41 1.10 3.82MI Detroit 42' 25" N 83' 01" W 1.43 2.33 3.19 4.34 5.44 5.98 5.64 4.99 4.25 2.73 1.52 1.14 3.58MO St. Louis 38' 45" N 90' 23" W 2.02 2.82 3.52 4.97 5.56 6.21 6.05 5.63 4.91 3.55 2.21 1.73 4.09MN Minneapolis 44' 53" N 93' 13" W 1.60 2.61 3.30 4.55 5.44 5.86 5.77 5.12 4.12 2.90 1.62 1.34 3.68MS Jackson 42' 16" N 84' 28" W 1.47 2.41 3.22 4.33 5.46 5.93 5.57 4.99 4.30 2.78 1.55 1.17 3.59MT Billings 45' 48" N 108' 32" W 1.55 2.57 3.52 4.82 5.63 6.45 6.39 5.75 4.67 3.19 1.77 1.30 3.96MT Great Falls 43' 33" N 96' 42" W 1.30 2.36 3.41 4.84 5.56 6.18 6.44 5.53 4.40 2.90 1.53 1.11 3.79NC Charlotte 35' 13" N 80' 56" W 2.22 3.17 3.95 4.98 5.80 6.01 5.76 5.27 4.58 3.75 2.76 2.21 4.20ND Fargo 46' 54" N 96' 48" W 1.44 2.39 3.36 4.79 5.62 5.82 5.94 5.14 4.01 2.83 1.59 1.31 3.68NE Omaha 41' 18" N 95' 54" W 1.92 2.76 3.45 4.74 5.60 6.14 6.11 5.46 4.74 3.34 2.00 1.57 3.98NH Manchester 42' 56" N 71' 26" W 1.66 2.50 3.51 4.13 5.11 5.47 5.44 5.05 4.12 2.84 1.74 1.40 3.58NJ Trenton 40' 13" N 74' 46" W 1.71 2.39 3.43 4.04 5.26 5.67 5.39 5.14 4.18 3.00 1.98 1.48 3.63NM Albuquerque 35' 03" N 106' 37" W 2.92 3.97 4.92 6.30 6.68 6.94 6.66 5.80 5.68 4.18 3.16 2.50 4.97NV Las Vegas 36' 18" N 115' 16" W 3.02 4.13 5.05 6.57 7.25 7.69 7.37 6.42 6.08 4.26 3.18 2.60 5.30NY New York 41' 00'' N 74' 00'' W 1.67 2.37 3.41 3.93 5.11 5.48 5.26 5.01 4.05 2.85 1.82 1.40 3.53OH Columbus 39' 16" N 85' 54" W 1.64 2.57 3.26 4.63 5.40 6.08 5.73 5.29 4.74 3.29 1.96 1.45 3.83OK Tulsa 36' 12" N 95' 54" W 2.33 3.22 3.90 5.25 5.58 6.32 6.40 5.80 5.08 3.80 2.62 2.06 4.36OR Portland 45' 32" N 122' 40" W 1.38 2.33 3.49 4.57 5.46 6.09 6.64 5.78 4.80 2.79 1.41 1.10 3.82PA Philadelphia 39' 53" N 75' 15" W 1.85 2.62 3.60 4.33 5.44 5.91 5.64 5.30 4.38 3.23 2.21 1.66 3.84PA Pittsburgh 40' 27" N 79' 57" W 1.59 2.40 3.26 4.07 5.05 5.53 5.27 4.94 4.05 2.88 1.86 1.41 3.53RI Providence 41' 44" N 71' 26" W 1.70 2.46 3.53 4.20 5.17 5.67 5.48 5.08 4.21 2.97 1.80 1.43 3.64SC Columbia 38' 58" N 92' 22" W 2.14 2.91 3.62 5.03 5.56 6.22 6.13 5.64 4.95 3.57 2.25 1.82 4.15SD Sioux Falls 45' 27" N 98' 25" W 1.72 2.71 3.31 4.65 5.61 6.10 6.04 5.42 4.47 3.20 1.78 1.43 3.87TN Nashville 36' 07" N 86' 41" W 1.94 2.90 3.54 4.76 5.57 5.90 5.86 5.62 4.63 3.53 2.45 1.82 4.04TX San Antonio 29' 32" N 98' 28" W 2.57 3.70 4.43 5.54 5.94 6.62 6.49 6.28 5.70 4.67 3.43 2.62 4.83TX Houston 29' 59" N 95' 22" W 2.47 3.50 4.40 5.59 6.03 6.45 6.36 6.07 5.46 4.61 3.30 2.44 4.72UT Salt Lake City 40' 46" N 111" 52"W 2.23 3.15 4.09 5.57 6.26 6.98 6.86 5.98 5.39 3.68 2.29 1.97 4.53VA Washington 38' 51" N 77' 02" W 1.95 2.80 3.66 4.46 5.42 5.88 5.63 5.22 4.38 3.36 2.34 1.79 3.90VT Montpelier 44' 16" N 72' 35" W 1.58 2.54 3.50 4.05 5.00 5.24 5.37 4.92 3.79 2.46 1.52 1.28 3.43WA Seattle 47' 32" N 122' 18" W 1.14 2.04 3.23 4.26 5.19 5.75 6.27 5.46 4.43 2.50 1.21 0.90 3.53WI Milwaukee 42' 57" N 87' 54" W 1.43 2.41 3.29 4.48 5.60 6.09 5.74 5.21 4.34 2.90 1.60 1.20 3.69WV Charleston 38' 22" N 81' 36" W 1.75 2.64 3.34 4.26 5.20 5.67 5.49 5.19 4.26 3.19 2.15 1.62 3.73WY Casper 42' 55" N 106' 28" W 1.93 2.80 3.79 5.13 5.90 6.68 6.50 5.90 5.13 3.59 2.06 1.65 4.25

Table A.9 Global estimates of annual solar resource availabilities and ranks.

Country

Total Solar Resource

(MWh/year) Rank Country


(MWh/year) RankRussia 30,586,340,907 1 Western Sahara 941,144,534 62Antarctica 29,799,042,216 2 Cote d'Ivoire 896,134,633 63China 27,373,606,560 3 Burkina Faso 891,425,628 64Australia 25,097,791,333 4 Malaysia 874,948,870 65Brazil 24,993,114,081 5 Vietnam 842,394,206 66United States 24,557,081,452 6 Japan 809,152,634 67Canada 21,214,183,621 7 Philippines 792,147,409 68India 9,877,095,200 8 Italy 752,180,333 69Sudan 8,702,766,347 9 Uganda 743,105,754 70Algeria 8,162,220,322 10 Guinea 730,013,129 71Argentina 7,853,433,856 11 Sweden 720,428,393 72Congo 7,245,440,119 12 Ghana 706,055,035 73Saudi Arabia 6,966,439,615 13 Laos 669,083,990 74Kazakhstan 6,684,341,327 14 Gabon 636,664,662 75Mexico 6,469,155,958 15 Senegal 625,811,191 76Libya 5,976,855,697 16 Germany 618,698,988 77Iran 5,183,911,292 17 Ecuador 606,283,904 78Indonesia 4,967,990,842 18 New Zealand 592,697,733 79Mongolia 4,774,191,855 19 Guyana 575,822,087 80Chad 4,522,957,089 20 Romania 546,457,548 81Mali 4,312,187,336 21 Poland 546,278,796 82Niger 4,254,446,931 22 Cambodia 545,084,676 83South Africa 4,204,499,012 23 Kyrgyzstan 537,285,421 84Greenland 4,094,804,148 24 Finland 525,698,867 85Angola 3,874,754,634 25 Syria 525,529,130 86Ethiopia 3,799,653,474 26 Uruguay 480,236,704 87Egypt 3,688,671,549 27 Tunisia 467,022,409 88Mauritania 3,598,925,249 28 Nepal 466,643,167 89Peru 3,576,841,559 29 Norway 461,031,108 90Bolivia 3,220,149,178 30 Eritrea 421,357,819 91Namibia 3,033,492,156 31 Tajikistan 410,128,118 92Pakistan 3,010,691,250 32 Azerbaijan 406,543,854 93Colombia 2,888,939,688 33 Suriname 402,456,417 94Tanzania 2,877,063,979 34 United Kingdom 391,017,510 95Nigeria 2,783,723,951 35 Bangladesh 380,054,187 96Venezuela 2,586,860,121 36 Belarus 379,989,767 97Mozambique 2,477,570,615 37 Nicaragua 359,009,793 98Zambia 2,425,883,282 38 Malawi 356,284,837 99Turkey 2,208,294,782 39 Benin 351,781,829 100Somalia 2,163,991,070 40 Cuba 341,066,748 101Botswana 2,087,670,494 41 Guatemala 328,690,841 102Afghanistan 1,982,757,812 42 Honduras 322,616,232 103Chile 1,972,640,705 43 Greece 315,471,728 104Myanmar 1,940,406,489 44 North Korea 308,975,078 105Madagascar 1,904,631,470 45 Jordan 305,225,384 106Kenya 1,857,790,043 46 Portugal 254,296,700 107Central African Republic 1,833,110,584 47 South Korea 250,682,398 108Yemen 1,655,035,662 48 Bulgaria 246,668,630 109Thailand 1,557,506,043 49 Liberia 246,447,095 110Turkmenistan 1,483,722,811 50 French Guiana 230,746,872 111Spain 1,376,540,386 51 U. Arab Emirates 227,379,935 112Iraq 1,354,153,408 52 Serbia 204,507,081 113Morocco 1,315,121,215 53 Sierra Leone 197,129,589 114Zimbabwe 1,302,865,151 54 Hungary 193,442,667 115Cameroon 1,288,799,143 55 Sri Lanka 189,451,980 116Papua New Guinea 1,244,136,982 56 Panama 185,228,630 117Ukraine 1,202,370,998 57 Austria 171,630,421 118Uzbekistan 1,194,990,362 58 Togo 164,906,100 119France 1,182,610,432 59 Georgia 154,072,843 120Paraguay 1,112,221,024 60 Dominican Republic 151,187,496 121Oman 1,082,588,294 61 Costa Rica 144,132,360 122

Table A.9 Global estimates of annual solar resource availabilities and ranks (continued).

Country


(MWh/year) Rank Country


(MWh/year) RankIceland 142,782,217 123 Guam 1,091,557 186Czech Republic 138,119,861 124 Faroe Is. 985,501 187Bosnia & Herzegovina 120,526,347 125 Singapore 979,641 188Croatia 118,196,504 126 Kiribati 956,021 189Latvia 115,235,200 127 Andorra 942,917 190Lithuania 113,249,947 128 St. Lucia 871,393 191Ireland 110,893,425 129 Mayotte 789,876 192Bhutan 107,639,065 130 Tonga 767,298 193Lesotho 104,597,933 131 Bahrain 762,658 194Guinea-Bissau 93,662,159 132 Gaza Strip 715,749 195Slovakia 93,612,073 133 Barbados 704,490 196Haiti 92,947,587 134 Palau 693,444 197Switzerland 91,030,882 135 Antigua & Barbuda 693,373 198Estonia 79,148,789 136 St. Vincent & the Gren. 630,724 199Burundi 75,639,933 137 Malta 628,845 200Albania 74,846,821 138 Seychelles 613,563 201Israel 74,554,898 139 Jan Mayen 590,583 202Moldova 74,350,170 140 St. Pierre & Miquelon 559,570 203Armenia 74,269,255 141 Niue 546,035 204Djibouti 70,432,530 142 Virgin Isl. 538,895 205Denmark 70,010,532 143 Brit Ind. Ocean Territ. 527,473 206Rwanda 66,786,632 144 Turks & Caicos Islands 524,421 207El Salvador 65,682,560 145 Grenada 506,763 208Svalbard 64,502,359 146 Isle of Man 471,543 209Equatorial Guinea 63,641,107 147 Heard Isl. & McD. Isl. 463,250 210Belize 63,174,808 148 Micronesia 462,954 211Solomon Is. 63,107,651 149 Cayman Is. 460,978 212Macedonia 61,694,537 150 St. Kitts & Nevis 450,484 213Netherlands 57,659,687 151 Aruba 428,781 214New Caledonia 56,580,281 152 Christmas Isl. 325,830 215Kuwait 56,301,253 153 St. Helena 268,225 216Swaziland 53,026,489 154 American Samoa 257,185 217Fiji 52,957,983 155 Northern Mariana Isl. 249,687 218Belgium 51,416,631 156 Liechtenstein 245,575 219Timor-Leste 50,516,428 157 Montserrat 219,511 220Slovenia 41,979,985 158 Anguilla 218,479 221Montenegro 35,113,084 159 Jersey 217,964 222Jamaica 33,956,864 160 Wallis & Futuna 167,101 223Qatar 32,966,799 161 Cook Isl. 163,364 224Lebanon 31,608,742 162 British Virgin Isl. 121,036 225The Bahamas 31,428,125 163 Norfolk I. 118,244 226The Gambia 30,830,444 164 Guernsey 91,583 227Cyprus 29,087,248 165 Pitcairn Is. 84,432 228Puerto Rico 27,460,529 166 San Marino 76,547 229Vanuatu 26,310,294 167 Nauru 62,453 230Falkland Is. 20,978,817 168 Tuvalu 50,746 231Brunei 17,239,249 169 Wake I. 46,186 232West Bank 16,161,174 170 Bouvet I. 44,610 233Trinidad & Tobago 11,763,273 171 Bermuda 40,108 234Fr. South. & Antarctic Land 11,027,846 172 Marshall Is. 36,982 235Cape Verde 7,431,057 173 Cocos Is. 31,742 236Reunion 6,390,168 174 Gibraltar 15,648 237Samoa 6,128,264 175 Tokelau 14,277 238Luxembourg 4,484,426 176 Juan De Nova Isl. 14,265 239S. Georgia & the S. Sand. Is 4,226,407 177 Monaco 13,958 240Mauritius 4,000,504 178 Glorioso Isl. 13,681 241Comoros 3,348,890 179 Jarvis I. 13,251 242Guadeloupe 3,172,077 180 Midway Isl. 11,458 243French Polynesia 2,974,099 181 Howland I. 6,557 244Martinique 2,161,820 182 Johnston Atoll 1,724 245Sao Tome & Principe 1,701,402 183 Baker Isl. 1,443 246Netherlands Antilles 1,282,311 184 Vatican City 801 247Dominica 1,149,538 185 Maldives 794 248

Table A.10 Recommended night temperatures for a list of greenhouse crops (ASHRAE, 1989).

Crop SpeciesNight Temperature(oC) (oF) Remarks

Aster Callistehpus chinensis 10 - 13 50 - 55 Long days during early stages of growth

Azelea Rhododendron species 16 - 18 61 - 64 Vegetative growth and forcing specific temperatures required for flower initiation and

developmentCalceolaria C. herbeohydrida

1610

6150

Vegetative growthFlower initiation and development

Calendula C. officinallis 4 - 7 39 - 45

Calla Zantedeschia species 13 - 16 55 - 61 Decrease to 13oC (55oF) as plants bloom

Carnation Dianthus caryophyllus

10 – 1113

13 - 16

50 – 52 winter55 spring

55 – 61 summer

Night temperatures adjusted seasonally in relation to Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD)

Chrysanthemum C. morifolium

1617 - 18

61 cut flowers63-64 pot plants

Temperatures during flower initiation especially critical; uniform initiation very important for pot mums; cultivars classified on basis of temperature for development

Cineraria Senecio cruentus

169 - 11

6148 - 52

Vegetative growthFlower initiation and development; best plant quality at low temperatures

Crossandra C. infundibuliformis

24 – 2718

75 – 8164

GerminationGrowth and flowering

Cyclamen C. indicum

16 – 1813

61 – 6455

GerminationSeedling

Foliage Plants 18 - 21 64 - 70 Species differ in their temperature and radiant energy requirements

Fuschia F. hydrida 11 - 16 52 - 61 Long days for flower initiation

Geranium Pelargonium x hortorum 13 - 16 55 - 61 16 – 18oC (61 – 65oF) for fast crops at high radiant energy flux

Gardenia G. grandiflora G. jasminoides

16 - 1716 - 17

61 - 6361 - 63 Lower temperatures result in iron chlorosis; higher temperatures increase bud abscission

Gloxinia Sinningia speciosa 18 - 21 64 - 70 Lower temperatures increase bud brittleness

Hydrangea H. macrophylla

13 - 1616 - 17

55 – 6161 – 63 (forcing)

Specific temperature for flower initiation and development

Iris I. tingitana (Wedgewood) 7 - 16 45 – 61 (forcing) Forcing temperature 13 – 14oC (55 – 57oF) for 10/11 bulbs;

10 – 12oC (50 – 54oF) for 9/10 bulbsKalanchoe K. blossfeldiana 16 61 Temperatures influence rate of flower development and incidence of powdery mildew

Lily Lilium longiflorum 16 61 Temperature manipulated to alter rate of flower development; specific temperatures for

flower initiationOrchida Cattleya species 16 61 Temperature requirement of hybrids related in parental species

Orchids Phalaenopsis species Cymbidium species Cypripedium

1810

10 - 13

6450

50 - 55

Poinsettia Euphorbia pulcherrima

1816 -17

6461 - 63

Vegetative growthPhotoperiod requirement and bract development changes with temperature

Roses Rosa species 16 - 17 61 - 63

Saintpaulia S. ionantha 18 - 21 64 - 70 Below 16oC (61oF), growth is slow, hard and brittle

Snapdragon Antirrhinum maias

9 - 1013 - 16

48 – 5055 – 61

WinterSpring and FallSeedlings benefit from 16 – 18oC (61 – 64oF) temperature

Stock Mathiola incana 7 - 10 45 - 50 Buds fail to set if temperatures are above 18oC (64oF) for 6 or more hours a day

Tomato*171818

636464

Low lightHigh lightWith CO2 dosing

Cucumber*

252321

17 – 21

777370

63 – 70

After transplanting (3-4 days)Growth to wire (3 weeks)Until first lateral harvested/pickedReminder of season. Warmer temperature will result in thinner plants, rapid fruit development; cooler temperature will result in thicker plants, strong lateral growth and flower development, and slower plant growth

Pepper*

2524232418

7775737564

GerminationTransplantingPlant raisingHarvest stageFull harvest

Lettuce* 15 – 1810

59 – 6450

Varies in this range depending on the cultivar, the desired rate of growth and harvest dateLettuce can be grown as a cool crop during the winter months when light levels are low

* OMAFRA (2001)

Table A.11 Climatic conditions for selected locations in the United States (I-P) (ASHRAE 1997; used with permission).

Winter, oFMean Wind Speed/

Mean Wind DirectionCoincident w/Design Dry-Bulb

Summer, oF

DesignDry-Bulb 99.6% 0.4% Design Dry-Bulb and Mean

Coincident Wet-BulbDesign Wet-Bulb and Mean

Coincident Dry-Bulb

StationLat.,

o Long., oElev.,

ft99.6% 99% Speed,

mphDir.,

oSpeed, mph

Dir.,o

0.4% 1% 2% 0.4% 1% 2%DB MWB DB MWB DB MWB WB MDB WB MDB WB MDB

ALABAMA Mobile 30.68 88.25 220 26 30 10 360 9 320 94 77 92 76 91 76 79 89 79 88 78 87ALASKA Anchorage (AP) 61.17 150.02 131 -14 -9 4 10 8 20 71 59 68 57 65 56 60 69 58 66 57 63ARIZONA Tucson 32.12 110.93 2556 31 34 7 140 13 300 104 65 102 65 100 65 72 88 71 87 70 86ARKANSAS Little Rock (AF B) 34.92 92.15 312 16 21 9 360 9 200 97 77 95 77 92 76 80 92 79 91 78 89CALIFORNIA Sacramento, Metro 38.70 121.58 23 31 33 3 340 8 220 100 69 97 69 94 68 72 96 70 94 69 91COLORADO Denver 39.75 104.87 5331 -3 3 6 180 9 160 93 60 90 59 87 59 65 81 63 80 62 79CONNECTICUT Hartford 41.73 72.65 20 2 6 7 320 9 240 91 73 88 72 85 70 76 87 74 84 84 73DELAWARE Dover (AF B) 39.13 75.47 30 14 18 8 340 9 240 93 76 89 75 87 74 79 88 78 86 76 84FLORIDA Gainesville 29.68 82.27 151 30 33 4 300 9 270 94 77 92 77 90 76 80 89 79 88 78 87GEORGIA Atlanta 33.65 84.42 1033 18 23 12 320 9 300 93 75 91 74 88 73 77 88 76 87 75 85HAWAII Honolulu 21.35 157.93 16 61 63 5 320 15 60 89 73 88 73 87 73 76 84 75 84 74 84IDAHO Boise 43.57 116.22 2867 2 9 6 130 11 320 96 63 94 63 91 62 66 90 64 89 63 87ILLINOIS Springfield 39.85 89.67 614 -4 2 10 270 12 230 93 76 91 75 88 74 79 89 77 88 76 85INDIANA Lafayette (Purdue U) 40.42 86.93 607 -5 3 9 270 12 220 93 75 90 75 88 73 79 89 77 86 75 84IOWA Des Moines 41.53 93.65 965 -9 -4 11 320 12 180 93 76 90 74 87 73 78 89 76 87 75 85KANSAS Topeka 39.07 95.62 886 -2 4 9 320 12 180 96 75 93 75 90 75 79 90 78 89 76 88KENTUCKY Lexington 38.03 84.60 988 4 10 8 270 9 240 91 74 89 73 86 72 77 87 75 86 74 83LOUSIANA Baton Rouge 30.53 92.55 89 27 30 7 360 3 180 94 78 92 77 91 77 80 89 79 88 78 87MAINE Augusta 44.32 69.80 351 -3 1 10 320 11 210 87 71 84 69 80 67 73 83 71 80 69 77MARYLAND Baltimore (AP) 39.18 76.67 154 11 15 10 290 11 280 93 75 91 74 88 73 78 88 76 86 75 85MASSACHUSETS Boston 42.37 71.03 30 7 12 17 320 14 270 91 73 87 71 84 70 75 87 74 83 72 81MICHIGAN Lansing 42.77 84.60 873 -3 2 8 290 13 250 89 73 86 72 84 70 76 85 74 83 73 81MINNESSOTA Minneapolis 44.88 93.22 837 -16 -11 9 300 14 180 91 73 88 71 85 70 76 88 74 84 72 82MISSISSIPPI Jackson 32.32 90.08 331 21 25 7 340 8 270 95 77 93 76 92 76 80 90 79 89 78 88MISSOURI Columbia 38.82 92.22 899 -1 5 11 310 11 210 95 75 92 75 89 74 78 89 77 88 75 86MONTANA Helena 46.60 112.00 3898 -18 -10 5 290 12 280 90 60 87 59 84 59 63 82 61 81 60 80NEBRASKA Lincoln 40.85 96.75 1188 -7 -2 9 350 15 180 97 74 94 74 91 73 78 90 76 89 75 87NEVADA Reno 39.50 115.03 4400 8 13 3 160 10 290 95 61 92 60 90 59 63 87 62 86 60 85NEW HAMPSHIRE Concord 43.20 71.50 344 -8 -2 4 320 10 230 90 71 87 70 84 68 74 85 73 82 71 79NEW JERSEY Trenton (AF B) 40.02 74.60 135 11 15 8 330 8 240 93 75 90 74 87 73 78 89 76 87 75 84NEW MEXICO Albuquerque 35.05 106.62 5315 13 18 8 360 10 240 96 60 93 60 91 60 65 83 64 82 64 81NEW YORK Albany 42.75 73.80 292 -7 -2 5 300 10 230 90 71 86 70 84 69 74 85 73 82 71 79NORTH CAROLINA Raleigh/Durham 35.87 78.78 440 16 20 8 360 9 240 93 76 90 75 88 74 78 88 77 87 76 85NORTH DAKOTA Bismarck 46.77 100.75 1660 -21 -16 7 290 13 180 93 68 90 67 86 66 72 86 70 84 68 82OHIO Columbus (AP) 40.00 82.88 817 1 6 9 270 11 270 90 74 88 73 86 71 77 87 75 85 74 82OKLAHOMA Oklahoma City (AP) 35.40 97.60 1302 9 15 15 360 13 180 99 74 96 74 94 73 77 91 76 90 75 89OREGON Salem 44.92 123.00 200 20 25 6 350 10 360 92 67 87 66 83 64 68 89 67 85 65 81PENNSYLVANIA Harrisburg 40.20 76.77 308 9 13 8 270 10 250 92 74 89 73 86 72 77 87 76 85 74 83RHODE ISLAND Providence 41.73 71.43 62 5 10 12 340 13 230 89 73 86 71 83 70 76 85 74 82 73 80SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston 32.90 80.72 39 28 31 4 300 7 270 94 78 92 77 90 77 80 90 79 88 78 87SOUTH DAKOTA Pierre 44.38 100.28 1742 -14 -9 11 320 14 180 99 70 95 69 91 68 74 90 72 89 71 86TENNESEE Knoxville 35.82 83.98 981 13 19 7 50 8 250 92 74 90 74 87 73 77 88 76 86 75 85TEXAS Austin 30.30 97.70 620 6 13 14 20 15 200 98 74 96 74 94 74 78 89 77 88 76 87UTAH Salt Lake City 40.78 111.97 4226 6 11 7 160 11 340 96 62 94 62 92 61 66 85 65 85 64 85VERMONT Burlington 44.47 73.15 341 -11 -6 6 70 11 180 87 71 84 69 82 68 74 83 72 81 70 78VIRGINIA Richmond 37.50 77.33 177 14 18 7 340 10 230 94 76 92 75 89 74 79 90 78 88 76 86WASHINGTON Olympia 46.97 122.90 200 18 23 5 180 8 50 87 67 83 65 79 64 68 85 66 81 64 78WEST VIRGINIA Charleston 38.37 81.60 981 6 11 7 250 8 240 91 73 88 73 86 71 76 86 75 85 74 82WISCONSIN Madison 43.13 89.33 866 -11 -6 8 300 12 230 90 73 87 72 84 70 76 86 74 84 84 72WYOMING Cheyenne (AF B) 41.15 104.82 6142 -7 0 10 290 13 290 87 58 85 57 82 57 62 77 61 76 66 75

AP: Airport; AF B: Air Force Base; DB: Dry-bulb temperature; MWB: Mean wet-bulb temperature; MDB: Mean dry-bulb temperature.

Table A.12 Climatic conditions for selected locations in the United States (SI) (ASHRAE 1997; used with permission).

Winter, oCMean Wind Speed/


Summer, oC



Coincident Dry-Bulb

StationLat.,

o Long., oElev.,

m99.6% 99% Speed,

m/sDir.,

oSpeed,

m/sDir.,

o


ALABAMA Mobile 30.68 88.25 67 -3 -1 4 360 4 320 34 25 33 24 33 24 26 32 26 31 26 31ALASKA Anchorage (AP) 61.17 150.02 40 -26 -23 2 10 4 20 22 15 20 14 18 13 16 21 14 19 14 17ARIZONA Tucson 32.12 110.93 780 -1 1 3 140 6 300 40 18 39 18 38 18 22 31 22 31 21 30ARKANSAS Little Rock (AF B) 34.92 92.15 95 -9 -6 4 360 4 200 36 25 35 25 33 24 27 33 26 33 26 32CALIFORNIA Sacramento, Metro 38.70 121.58 7 -1 1 1 340 4 220 38 21 36 21 34 20 22 36 21 34 21 33COLORADO Denver 39.75 104.87 162 -19 -16 3 180 4 160 34 16 32 15 31 15 18 27 17 27 17 26CONNECTICUT Hartford 41.73 72.65 6 -17 -14 3 320 4 240 33 23 31 22 29 21 24 31 23 29 29 23DELAWARE Dover (AF B) 39.13 75.47 9 -10 -8 4 340 4 240 34 24 32 24 31 23 26 31 26 30 24 29FLORIDA Gainesville 29.68 82.27 46 -1 1 2 300 4 270 34 25 33 25 32 24 27 32 26 31 26 31GEORGIA Atlanta 33.65 84.42 315 -8 -5 5 320 4 300 34 24 33 23 31 23 25 31 24 31 24 29HAWAII Honolulu 21.35 157.93 5 16 17 2 320 7 60 32 23 31 23 31 23 24 29 24 29 23 29IDAHO Boise 43.57 116.22 874 -17 -13 3 130 5 320 36 17 34 17 33 17 19 32 18 32 17 31ILLINOIS Springfield 39.85 89.67 187 -20 -17 4 270 5 230 34 24 33 24 31 23 26 32 25 31 24 29INDIANA Lafayette (Purdue U) 40.42 86.93 185 -21 -16 4 270 5 220 34 24 32 24 31 23 26 32 25 30 24 29IOWA Des Moines 41.53 93.65 294 -23 -20 5 320 5 180 34 24 32 23 31 23 26 32 24 31 24 29KANSAS Topeka 39.07 95.62 270 -19 -16 4 320 5 180 36 24 34 24 32 24 26 32 26 32 24 31KENTUCKY Lexington 38.03 84.60 301 -16 -12 4 270 4 240 33 23 32 23 30 22 25 31 24 30 23 28LOUSIANA Baton Rouge 30.53 92.55 27 -3 -1 3 360 1 180 34 26 33 25 33 25 27 32 26 31 26 31MAINE Augusta 44.32 69.80 107 -19 -17 4 320 5 210 31 22 29 21 27 19 23 28 22 27 21 25MARYLAND Baltimore (AP) 39.18 76.67 47 -12 -9 4 290 5 280 34 24 33 23 31 23 26 31 24 30 24 29MASSACHUSETS Boston 42.37 71.03 9 -14 -11 8 320 6 270 33 23 31 22 29 21 24 31 23 28 22 27MICHIGAN Lansing 42.77 84.60 266 -19 -17 4 290 6 250 32 23 30 22 29 21 24 29 23 28 23 27MINNESSOTA Minneapolis 44.88 93.22 255 -27 -24 4 300 6 180 33 23 31 22 29 21 24 31 23 29 22 28MISSISSIPPI Jackson 32.32 90.08 101 -6 -4 3 340 4 270 35 25 34 24 33 24 27 32 26 32 26 31MISSOURI Columbia 38.82 92.22 274 -18 -15 5 310 5 210 35 24 33 24 32 23 26 32 25 31 24 30MONTANA Helena 46.60 112.00 118 -28 -23 2 290 5 280 32 16 31 15 29 15 17 28 16 27 16 27NEBRASKA Lincoln 40.85 96.75 362 -22 -19 4 350 7 180 36 23 34 23 33 23 26 32 24 32 24 31NEVADA Reno 39.50 115.03 134 -13 -11 1 160 4 290 35 16 33 16 32 15 17 31 17 30 16 29NEW HAMPSHIRE Concord 43.20 71.50 105 -22 -19 2 320 4 230 32 22 31 21 29 20 23 29 23 28 22 26NEW JERSEY Trenton (AF B) 40.02 74.60 41 -12 -9 4 330 4 240 34 24 32 23 31 23 26 32 24 31 24 29NEW MEXICO Albuquerque 35.05 106.62 162 -11 -8 4 360 4 240 36 16 34 16 33 16 18 28 18 28 18 27NEW YORK Albany 42.75 73.80 89 -22 -19 2 300 4 230 32 22 30 21 29 21 23 29 23 28 22 26NORTH CAROLINA Raleigh/Durham 35.87 78.78 134 -9 -7 4 360 4 240 34 24 32 24 31 23 26 31 25 31 24 29NORTH DAKOTA Bismarck 46.77 100.75 506 -29 -27 3 290 6 180 34 20 32 19 30 19 22 30 21 29 20 28OHIO Columbus (AP) 40.00 82.88 249 -17 -14 4 270 5 270 32 23 31 23 30 22 25 31 24 29 23 28OKLAHOMA Oklahoma City (AP) 35.40 97.60 397 -13 -9 7 360 6 180 37 23 36 23 34 23 25 33 24 32 24 32OREGON Salem 44.92 123.00 61 -7 -4 3 350 4 360 33 19 31 19 28 18 20 32 19 29 18 27PENNSYLVANIA Harrisburg 40.20 76.77 94 -13 -11 4 270 4 250 33 23 32 23 30 22 25 31 24 29 23 28RHODE ISLAND Providence 41.73 71.43 19 -15 -12 5 340 6 230 32 23 30 22 28 21 24 29 23 28 23 27SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston 32.90 80.72 12 -2 -1 2 300 3 270 34 26 33 25 32 25 27 32 26 31 26 31SOUTH DAKOTA Pierre 44.38 100.28 531 -26 -23 5 320 6 180 37 21 35 21 33 20 23 32 22 32 22 30TENNESEE Knoxville 35.82 83.98 299 -11 -7 3 50 4 250 33 23 32 23 31 23 25 31 24 30 24 29TEXAS Austin 30.30 97.70 189 -14 -11 6 20 7 200 37 23 36 23 34 23 26 32 25 31 24 31UTAH Salt Lake City 40.78 111.97 128 -14 -12 3 160 5 340 36 17 34 17 33 16 19 29 18 29 18 29VERMONT Burlington 44.47 73.15 104 -24 -21 3 70 5 180 31 22 29 21 28 20 23 28 22 27 21 26VIRGINIA Richmond 37.50 77.33 54 -10 -8 3 340 4 230 34 24 33 24 32 23 26 32 26 31 24 30WASHINGTON Olympia 46.97 122.90 61 -8 -5 2 180 4 50 31 19 28 18 26 18 20 29 19 27 18 26WEST VIRGINIA Charleston 38.37 81.60 299 -14 -12 3 250 4 240 33 23 31 23 30 22 24 30 24 29 23 28WISCONSIN Madison 43.13 89.33 264 -24 -21 4 300 5 230 32 23 31 22 29 21 24 30 23 29 29 22WYOMING Cheyenne (AF B) 41.15 104.82 187 -22 -18 4 290 6 290 31 14 29 14 28 14 17 25 16 24 19 24


Table A.13 Climatic conditions for selected locations in other countries (I-P) (ASHRAE 1997; used with permission).



Summer, oF



Coincident Dry-Bulb

StationLat.,

o Long., oElev.,

ft99.6% 99% Speed,

mphDir.,

oSpeed, mph

Dir.,o


ALGERIA Algiers 36.72 N 3.25 E 82 36 38 2 200 12 60 95 71 92 71 89 72 77 87 76 85 75 83ARGENTINA Buenos Aires 34.82 S 67.50 W 65 31 34 4 270 11 270 93 73 90 72 87 71 76 86 75 84 74 83ARMENIA Yerevan 40.13 N 44.47 E 2919 7 11 1 180 6 210 96 69 94 69 91 67 72 91 70 90 69 88ASCENSION ISLAND Georgetown 7.97 S 14.40 W 259 69 70 16 90 19 120 86 75 85 75 85 75 77 84 76 83 76 82

AUSTRALIA

Adelaide 34.93 S 138.52 E 13 39 41 2 50 13 310 95 64 92 64 88 63 70 83 68 81 66 80Brisbane 27.38 S 153.10 E 16 44 46 2 270 8 100 88 72 86 72 84 72 77 84 76 82 75 81Darwin 12.40 S 130.87 E 98 64 66 7 140 12 290 93 75 92 76 91 76 82 89 81 88 81 87Perth 31.93 S 115.95 E 95 41 43 1 50 10 270 99 67 95 66 91 65 72 87 70 85 69 83Sydney (AP) 33.95 S 151.18 E 10 42 44 2 320 12 300 90 68 85 67 82 68 73 82 72 79 71 78

AUSTRIA Vienna, Hohe Warte 48.25 N 16.37 E 656 12 17 6 240 9 140 86 68 83 67 80 66 70 83 69 80 67 77AZORES Lajes 38.77 N 27.10 W 180 46 48 3 300 8 250 80 71 78 71 77 69 72 78 72 77 71 75BAHAMAS Nassau 25.05 N 77.47 W 22 57 60 3 300 10 130 91 79 90 78 89 78 81 87 80 87 80 87BAHRAIN Al-Manamah 26.27 N 50.65 E 6 52 54 13 290 11 340 103 77 101 78 99 79 87 94 86 94 85 93BELARUS Minsk 53.87 N 27.53 E 767 -5 0 5 300 9 70 81 65 78 64 75 62 67 78 66 75 64 73BELGIUM Brussels 50.90 N 4.53 E 190 15 21 7 50 8 60 82 67 79 66 76 65 69 80 68 77 66 74BENIN Cotonou 6.35 N 2.38 E 29 71 72 5 20 12 200 90 79 89 80 89 80 82 88 81 88 81 87BERMUDA Hamilton, NAS 32.37 N 64.68 E 9 55 57 16 310 11 190 88 78 88 78 86 77 80 85 80 85 79 84BOLIVIA La Paz 16.52 S 68.18 W 13169 25 27 2 330 8 60 63 44 62 44 61 43 49 58 48 57 47 56BOSNIA-HERZOGOV. Banja Luka 44.78 N 17.22 W 511 10 16 2 320 4 360 92 69 88 69 85 67 72 85 71 83 69 81

BRAZIL Rio De Janeiro 22.82 S 43.25 W 19 59 61 3 320 7 50 102 79 99 77 97 77 82 95 81 94 80 91Sao Paulo 23.62 S 46.65 W 2634 48 50 4 160 6 330 89 69 88 69 86 69 73 81 72 81 71 80

BULGARIA Sofia 42.65 N 23.38 E 1952 10 14 2 360 5 110 88 66 85 65 82 64 68 83 67 82 65 80BRUNEI Brunei (AP) 4.93 N 114.93 E 49 71 72 0 220 8 320 92 79 92 79 91 79 82 89 82 88 81 88CANADA Alberta Edmonton (AP) 53.30 N 113.6 W 2372 -28 -23 6 180 9 180 82 63 78 62 75 60 66 77 64 75 62 73 British Columbia Vancouver 49.18 N 123.17 W 7 18 24 6 90 7 290 76 65 74 64 71 62 66 75 64 72 63 70 Manitoba Winnipeg (AP) 49.90 N 97.23 W 784 -27 -23 7 320 13 180 87 68 84 67 81 66 72 82 70 80 68 78 New Brunswick Fredericton (AP) 45.87 N 66.83 W 66 -12 -7 5 270 11 230 86 69 83 68 79 66 72 82 70 79 68 76 Newfoundland St. John (AP) 47.62 N 52.73 W 459 3 7 17 290 17 250 76 65 73 64 70 63 68 73 66 71 64 68 Northwest Territories Yellowknife (AP) 62.47 N 114.45 W 676 -39 -36 5 50 10 160 77 60 74 59 70 57 62 73 60 71 59 68 Nova Scotia Halifax (AP) 44.88 N 63.50 W 476 -2 2 11 320 12 200 80 68 78 66 75 64 70 77 69 74 67 72 Ontario Toronto (AP) 43.67 N 79.63 W 568 -4 1 9 340 12 270 87 71 84 70 81 68 74 83 72 80 70 78 Prince Edward Island Charlottetown (AP) 46.28 N 63.13 W 177 -6 -2 13 270 12 230 79 69 77 67 74 65 71 77 69 74 67 72 Québec Montreal (AP) 45.47 N 73.75 W 118 -12 -7 7 250 11 230 85 71 83 70 80 68 74 82 72 80 70 77 Saskatchewan Regina (AP) 50.43 N 104.67 W 1893 -29 -24 9 270 14 180 89 64 85 64 82 62 68 82 66 80 64 78 Yukon Territory Whitehorse (AP) 60.72 N 135.07 W 2306 -34 -31 2 340 8 140 77 57 73 55 69 53 58 73 56 70 55 67CANARY ISLANDS Las Palmas 27.93 N 15.38 W 82 55 57 4 320 19 30 86 68 84 68 81 69 76 80 75 78 73 78CAPE VERDE Sal Island 16.73 N 22.95 W 180 63 64 10 30 15 60 86 75 85 75 84 75 78 82 77 82 77 81CHILE Santiago 33.38 S 70.78 W 1561 29 32 2 20 12 210 89 65 88 65 86 64 68 85 67 84 66 82

CHINA

Beijing 39.93 N 116.28 E 180 13 15 4 340 7 200 94 71 91 71 89 71 79 87 78 84 76 83Guangzhou 23.13 N 113.32 E 26 42 44 6 360 5 270 94 80 93 79 91 79 82 89 81 89 81 88Harbin 45.75 N 126.77 E 469 -21 -16 2 200 11 180 87 69 84 68 82 68 75 82 74 79 72 78Hefei 31.87 N 117.23 E 118 24 27 4 340 8 180 95 81 92 80 90 79 82 92 82 90 81 89Kashi 39.47 N 75.98 E 4235 8 12 1 320 4 180 92 66 90 65 88 64 69 85 68 84 66 83Shanghai 31.17 N 121.43 E 22 26 29 6 290 8 200 94 81 92 80 89 79 83 90 82 89 81 88Tianjin 39.10 N 117.17 E 16 14 17 4 340 6 250 92 74 90 73 88 73 80 86 78 85 77 84Urumqi 43.78 N 87.62 E 3015 -10 -5 2 180 8 320 91 61 89 60 86 60 64 83 63 82 62 81Wuhan 30.62 N 114.13 E 75 27 29 2 20 8 220 95 81 93 80 91 80 83 91 82 90 81 89Xi’an 34.30 N 108.93 E 1305 20 23 1 40 5 40 95 73 92 73 90 72 78 89 77 87 76 85


Table A.13 Climatic conditions for selected locations in other countries (I-P) (Continued).



Summer, oF



Coincident Dry-Bulb

StationLat.,

o Long., oElev.,

ft99.6% 99% Speed,

mphDir.,

oSpeed, mph

Dir.,o


COLOMBIA Bogota 4.70 N 74.13 W 8359 36 39 0 320 10 90 70 56 68 56 68 56 60 66 59 65 58 65COOK ISLANDS Rarotonga Islands 21.20 S 159.82 W 22 62 64 1 150 11 80 85 78 85 78 84 77 80 84 79 83 79 83CROATIA Zagreb 45.73 N 16.07 E 351 8 14 2 240 6 230 88 70 85 70 83 68 72 85 71 83 69 80CUBA Guantanamo 19.90 N 75.15 W 55 67 68 8 360 12 130 94 78 93 78 92 78 82 91 81 91 80 90CYPRUS Larnaca 34.88 N 33.63 E 6 37 40 7 310 12 200 93 71 91 72 89 72 78 86 77 85 76 84CZECH REPUBLIC Prague 50.10 N 14.28 E 1200 3 10 4 10 8 160 84 65 80 64 77 63 67 79 66 76 64 74DENMARK Copenhagen 55.63 N 12.67 E 16 12 18 11 360 11 160 77 63 74 62 71 60 65 74 63 71 62 69ECUADOR Quito 0.15 S 78.48 W 9225 45 46 1 350 9 150 72 54 70 54 69 54 58 67 57 66 57 65EGYPT Cairo 30.13 N 31.40 E 242 45 46 6 210 13 360 100 69 97 69 95 69 75 89 74 87 74 86ESTONIA Tallinn 59.35 N 24.80 E 144 -4 3 6 140 8 40 77 64 74 62 71 61 66 73 64 71 62 69FAEROE ISLANDS Torshavn 62.02 N 6.77 W 127 26 28 13 320 11 210 58 54 56 53 55 53 55 57 54 56 53 54FIJI Nadi 17.75 S 177.45 E 59 61 63 4 120 13 350 90 77 89 77 88 77 80 87 79 86 79 85FINLAND Helsinki 60.32 N 24.97 E 183 -11 -3 5 340 11 210 79 64 75 61 73 61 66 74 64 72 62 69FRANCE Paris, De Gaulle AP 49.02 N 2.53 E 357 18 23 10 60 9 60 86 69 82 68 79 66 71 81 69 79 67 76FRENCH POLYNESIA Papeete, Tahiti 17.55 S 149.62 W 6 68 69 3 120 7 260 89 79 89 79 88 78 81 88 80 87 79 86GERMANY Berlin 52.47 N 13.40 E 160 11 15 4 50 6 210 86 66 82 65 79 64 68 81 67 79 65 75GEORGIA Batumi 41.65 N 41.63 E 19 29 32 13 130 9 300 82 73 80 72 79 71 75 80 74 79 72 77GIBRALTAR North Front 36.15 N 5.35 W 16 46 48 9 270 14 200 88 69 85 68 82 68 74 79 73 78 72 77GREECE Athens 37.90 N 23.73 E 49 34 37 8 360 14 30 93 69 91 68 89 68 75 85 73 85 72 83GREENLAND Kungerlussuaq 677.00 N 50.80 W 173 -42 -38 9 60 11 70 65 51 63 50 60 49 52 64 51 62 49 59GUAM Anderson AF B 13.58 N 144.93 E 606 74 75 9 70 9 90 88 79 87 79 87 78 81 86 80 85 80 85HUNGARY Budapest 47.43 N 129.27 E 606 8 14 2 170 10 200 90 69 86 68 84 66 71 87 69 85 67 80ICELAND Reykjavik 64.13 N 21.90 W 200 14 17 10 90 12 360 60 53 58 52 56 51 54 58 53 56 52 55

INDIA

Ahmadabad 23.07 N 72.63 E 180 52 55 2 360 7 270 108 74 106 74 103 75 84 94 83 92 82 91Bombay 19.12 N 72.85 E 45 62 64 0 360 7 320 95 73 93 74 92 75 82 89 81 88 81 88Hyderabad 17.45 N 78.47 E 1788 58 60 1 50 8 320 105 71 103 71 101 71 77 90 76 88 76 87Jaipur 26.82 N 75.80 E 1279 44 47 0 90 9 320 108 69 105 69 103 69 80 88 80 87 79 87New Delhi 28.58 N 77.20 E 708 44 46 2 270 7 320 107 72 105 72 103 73 82 92 82 91 81 90

INDIAN OCEAN ISL. Diego Garcia Island 7.30 S 72.40 E 9 73 75 11 110 7 90 90 80 89 79 88 79 82 87 81 86 80 86IRELAND Dublin 53.43 N 6.25 W 278 29 31 9 250 11 230 72 63 69 61 67 60 64 69 63 67 61 66ISRAEL Tel Aviv-Yafo 32.10 N 34.78 E 13 44 46 7 120 9 310 88 69 86 74 85 74 78 84 77 83 76 83ITALY Rome 41.80 N 12.23 E 9 30 32 9 60 12 270 87 74 86 74 84 74 79 83 78 82 76 81JAMAICA Kingston 17.93 N 76.78 W 29 71 72 6 330 25 110 92 78 91 78 90 78 81 89 80 89 79 88

JAPAN Tokyo (AP) 35.55 N 139.78 E 26 31 32 7 280 14 10 91 78 88 77 86 77 80 88 79 86 78 84Naha 26.18 N 127.65 E 26 53 55 16 10 13 200 90 80 88 80 88 80 82 87 81 87 81 86

JORDAN Amman 31.98 N 35.98 E 2536 33 35 6 90 8 290 95 65 92 65 89 64 71 83 70 82 68 81

KAZAKHSTANAlmaty 43.23 N 76.93 E 2778 -3 3 1 360 3 330 91 65 89 64 86 63 67 85 66 84 65 83Oral 51.25 N 51.40 E 118 -18 -13 6 360 11 140 93 67 89 66 86 65 70 86 68 84 67 82Semey 50.35 N 80.25 E 643 -25 -20 1 90 9 20 91 66 87 64 84 64 68 84 67 82 66 80

KENYA Nairobi 1.32 S 36.92 E 6236 49 51 6 240 14 60 84 60 83 60 81 60 66 75 65 74 64 73KOREA, NORTH P’yongyang 39.03 N 125.78 E 124 3 7 2 110 4 270 87 75 85 74 83 72 78 84 76 82 75 80KOREA, SOUTH Seoul 37.55 N 126.80 E 62 7 10 3 10 9 160 89 77 86 75 84 74 80 86 78 83 77 80KUWAIT Kuwait 29.22 N 47.98 E 180 38 41 4 300 14 340 117 69 115 69 113 68 82 94 78 91 75 92KYRGIZISTAN Bishkek 42.85 N 74.53 E 2083 -8 -2 3 150 8 220 95 67 93 65 90 65 69 90 68 87 66 85LATVIA Riga 56.97 N 24.07 E 9 -3 4 4 40 9 150 79 65 76 64 73 62 67 75 66 73 64 71LIBYA Tripoli 32.67 N 13.15 E 265 39 41 4 240 13 60 107 76 103 74 100 73 81 99 78 94 76 90LIECHTENSTEIN Vaduz 47.13 N 9.53 E 1519 12 17 3 180 10 320 83 67 80 65 78 64 68 80 67 78 65 75LITHIUANIA Vilnius 54.63 N 25.28 E 511 -5 2 5 70 11 140 81 65 78 64 75 62 68 78 66 74 64 72MACEDONIA Skopje 41.97 N 21.65 E 784 10 15 1 50 4 270 95 68 92 68 89 67 71 90 70 88 68 86MADEIRA ISLANDS Funchal 32.68 N 16.77 W 180 53 55 8 310 11 30 81 69 79 69 77 68 72 78 71 76 70 76

MALAYSIA Kuala Lumpur 3.12 N 101.55 E 72 71 72 1 340 8 270 94 78 93 78 92 78 81 90 80 89 80 89MALI Bamakao 12.53 N 7.95 W 1250 59 62 7 40 9 80 104 69 103 69 101 69 79 91 78 89 78 88MALTA Luqa 35.85 N 14.48 E 298 44 46 6 270 9 310 92 71 88 72 86 72 77 84 76 82 75 82

Table A.13 Climatic conditions for selected locations in other countries (I-P) (Continued). Winter, oF

Mean Wind Speed/Mean Wind Direction

Coincident w/Design Dry-BulbSummer, oF



Coincident Dry-Bulb

StationLat.,

o Long., oElev.,

ft99.6% 99% Speed,

mphDir.,

oSpeed, mph

Dir.,o


MAURITANIA Nauakchott 18.10 N 15.95 E 9 55 57 9 60 14 80 107 70 103 69 100 69 81 88 80 87 79 86MEXICO Mexico City 19.43 N 99.08 W 7329 39 42 5 90 11 360 84 57 82 57 80 56 62 74 61 73 60 72MICRONESIA Truk Intl. 7.47 N 151.85 W 7 75 76 9 100 9 40 88 80 88 80 87 79 81 87 81 87 80 86MOLDOVA Kishinev 47.02 N 28.87 E 590 6 10 5 300 6 200 86 67 84 66 81 65 70 81 68 80 67 78MONGOLIA Ulaanbataar 47.03 N 106.96 E 4317 -23 -19 2 320 8 270 82 60 78 59 75 58 63 75 61 73 59 71MOROCCO Casablanca 33.57 N 7.67 W 203 42 44 5 180 8 360 85 72 81 72 79 72 75 80 74 79 73 77NETHERLANDS Amsterdam 52.30 N 4.77 E -6 17 21 11 70 11 70 80 66 77 65 74 64 69 77 67 74 65 72NETH. ANTILLES Willemstad 12.20 N 68.97 W 219 74 75 10 100 18 80 91 80 90 80 90 79 82 89 81 88 81 87NEW CALEDONIA Noumea 22.27 N 166.45 W 236 61 62 6 60 12 80 88 76 86 76 85 75 79 85 78 84 77 82NEW ZEALAND Auckland 37.02 S 174.80 E 19 35 37 10 240 13 20 77 66 76 66 74 66 70 75 69 73 67 72NIGER Niamey 13.48 N 2.17 E 744 60 62 6 40 8 40 108 71 106 71 105 70 80 95 79 94 78 93NORWAY Oslo/Fomebu 59.90 N 10.62 E 55 0 5 23 360 7 180 89 63 77 62 73 60 65 75 63 71 62 69OMAN Masqat 23.58 N 58.28 E 49 61 63 5 200 11 340 109 73 107 73 105 73 86 93 85 93 84 92PANAMA Panama 8.92 N 79.60 W 52 73 73 2 10 12 10 95 76 93 77 92 77 82 89 81 89 81 88PARAGUAY Asuncion 25.27 S 57.63 W 331 41 44 2 180 14 360 98 75 95 75 94 75 80 91 79 90 78 89PERU Lima 12.00 S 77.12 W 42 57 58 4 170 13 170 86 75 84 74 82 73 76 83 75 81 74 80PHILLIPPINES Manila (AP) 14.52 N 121.00 E 68 69 71 2 90 21 90 95 81 93 80 92 79 83 91 82 90 82 89POLAND Warsaw 52.17 N 20.97 E 351 0 8 5 90 9 150 84 67 81 66 77 64 70 82 68 78 66 76PORTUGAL Lisbon 38.78 N 9.13 W 403 39 41 4 50 11 330 93 69 90 68 86 68 73 87 71 83 70 81PUERTO RICO San Juan 18.43 N 66.00 W 62 69 69 3 190 12 170 92 77 90 78 89 78 81 88 80 87 79 87QATAR Ad Dawhah 25.25 N 51.57 E 32 51 53 7 290 15 350 109 71 107 72 105 72 87 94 86 93 85 93ROMANIA Bucharest 44.50 N 26.13 E 298 8 14 3 250 5 230 91 72 88 70 86 69 74 87 73 85 71 83

RUSSIAN FED.

Astrakhan 46.20 N 48.03 E 59 -1 4 7 270 11 90 94 71 91 69 88 68 74 87 72 85 71 83Groznyy 43.35 N 45.68 E 531 5 10 3 270 9 90 91 71 88 69 86 68 73 87 71 84 70 82Irkutsk 52.27 N 104.35 E 1683 -29 -24 4 80 8 190 81 63 78 82 74 61 66 76 65 74 63 72Kazan 55.78 N 49.18 E 380 -18 -12 9 330 10 170 85 67 81 66 78 64 70 81 68 77 66 75Moscow 55.75 N 37.63 E 511 -10 -4 3 20 4 210 82 67 79 65 76 64 69 78 67 76 65 73St. Petersburg 59.97 N 128.12 E 646 -35 -30 1 290 7 180 79 65 76 64 73 62 67 76 66 74 64 71Ufa 54.75 N 56.00 E 344 -24 -18 3 140 8 50 87 67 83 66 80 65 70 82 68 80 67 78Yakutsk 62.08 N 129.75 E 337 -61 -58 2 340 7 110 85 66 81 64 78 62 68 82 66 78 64 75

SAMOA Pago Pago 14.33 N 170.72 E 9 72 73 5 310 11 80 88 80 88 80 87 80 82 87 81 86 81 86SAUDI ARABIA Riyadh 24.72 N 46.72 E 2007 41 44 4 320 11 360 111 69 109 68 107 67 72 104 70 104 69 103SENEGAL Dakar 14.73 N 17.50 W 78 61 62 10 360 10 360 89 74 88 77 86 77 81 86 80 85 79 84SINGAPORE Singapore 1.37 N 103.97 E 52 73 74 4 330 11 30 91 79 90 79 90 79 81 88 81 87 80 87SLOVAKIA Bratislava 48.20 N 17.20 E 427 9 14 3 50 8 160 89 69 86 68 83 67 71 85 69 83 68 80SLOVENIA Ljubljana 46.22 N 14.48 E 1263 9 13 1 290 7 130 86 68 83 67 80 65 70 83 68 80 67 78SOUTH AFRICA Cape Town 33.98 S 18.60 E 137 38 41 0 40 12 170 87 67 83 67 81 65 70 82 69 80 68 77SPAIN Madrid 40.45 N 3.55 W 1909 24 26 0 360 8 240 97 69 94 68 92 67 71 94 70 91 68 89SWEEDEN Stockholm, Arlanda 59.65 N 17.95 E 200 -2 5 4 350 8 180 80 63 77 61 73 59 65 74 63 71 62 69SWITZERLAND Zurich 47.38 N 8.57 E 1866 13 18 6 60 5 230 83 66 80 65 77 63 67 80 66 77 65 74SYRIA Damascus 33.42 N 36.52 E 1984 25 28 3 30 7 210 101 64 98 64 96 64 69 85 68 85 67 84TAIWAN Taipei 25.07 N 121.55 E 19 48 50 4 110 11 290 94 80 93 80 92 80 82 91 81 90 81 90TAJIKISTAN Dushanbe 38.55 N 68.78 E 2634 19 23 2 60 3 270 99 67 96 66 94 66 70 92 69 91 67 90THAILAND Bangkok 13.92 N 100.60 E 39 65 68 4 40 11 180 99 80 97 79 95 78 84 94 83 91 82 89TRINIDAD Port of Spain 10.62 N 61.35 W 49 68 70 0 90 12 90 91 77 90 77 90 77 80 87 79 87 79 86TUNISIA Tunis 36.83 N 10.23 E 13 41 43 6 240 11 180 90 73 94 73 91 73 78 88 77 86 76 85TURKEY Adana 37.00 N 35.42 E 216 32 34 6 30 8 210 97 71 94 71 92 72 79 89 78 87 77 86

Ankara 40.12 N 32.98 E 3113 2 8 1 20 8 270 90 63 86 63 84 62 65 84 64 83 63 81Erzurum 39.92 N 41.27 E 5767 -23 -17 0 310 10 90 84 61 82 60 79 59 64 80 62 78 61 76Eskisehir 39.78 N 30.57 E 2575 12 16 3 120 9 320 90 68 87 67 85 66 71 85 69 83 67 83Istanbul 40.97 N 28.82 E 121 26 29 14 360 13 60 86 70 84 69 83 69 74 82 72 80 71 80Izmir (AF B) 38.50 N 27.02 E 16 28 31 6 360 14 350 96 72 93 71 91 70 74 92 73 90 72 89Malatya 38.43 N 38.08 E 2785 10 16 4 210 7 60 97 68 95 67 93 66 70 94 68 93 67 91

Van 38.45 N 43.32 E 5449 6 9 4 90 3 300 84 66 82 66 80 65 70 81 68 80 66 78TURKMENISTAN Ashkhabad 37.97 N 58.33 E 688 20 23 4 110 10 90 104 67 102 67 99 67 73 94 72 92 70 91

Table A.13 Climatic conditions for selected locations in other countries (I-P) (Concluded).



Summer, oF



Coincident Dry-Bulb

StationLat.,

o Long., oElev.,

ft99.6% 99% Speed,

mphDir.,

oSpeed, mph

Dir.,o


UNITED KINGDOM

Belfast 54.65 N 6.22 W 265 27 29 4 180 9 110 72 62 69 61 67 60 64 70 62 67 61 65Cardiff 51.40 N 3.35 W 219 25 28 14 60 9 60 77 64 74 63 71 62 66 74 64 71 63 68Edinburgh 55.95 N 3.35 W 134 21 25 2 250 9 250 72 61 69 60 66 59 63 69 61 67 60 65London, Heathrow 51.48 N 1.98 W 511 22 26 11 30 10 70 81 66 78 64 75 63 67 79 66 75 64 72

UKRAIN

Kerch 45.40 N 36.42 W 160 11 15 11 30 11 40 85 69 83 69 81 68 73 81 71 80 70 78Kharkov 49.87 N 36.13 E 498 -3 2 6 30 11 110 85 67 83 65 80 65 70 80 68 78 67 76Kiev 50.40 N 30.45 E 551 -2 3 7 270 6 180 83 67 80 66 77 65 69 79 68 77 66 75Odessa 46.48 N 30.63 E 114 7 12 11 360 10 180 86 67 84 67 81 66 72 79 70 79 69 77Simferopol 45.02 N 33.98 E 593 8 13 9 50 11 50 87 67 85 66 82 65 70 81 69 79 67 78

UNITED ARAB EMIR. Abu Dhabi 24.43 N 54.65 E 88 52 54 4 200 9 320 111 74 108 74 106 75 87 95 85 94 85 93URUGUAY Montevideo 34.83 S 56.00 W 104 35 38 8 330 14 360 89 72 86 71 83 70 76 83 74 81 73 79

UZBEKISTAN Samarkand 39.70 N 67.00 E 2375 12 17 8 140 10 50 96 67 94 66 92 66 70 92 68 89 67 89Tashkent 41.27 N 69.27 E 1604 13 18 2 90 4 300 100 71 98 68 95 68 75 95 72 92 70 90

VANATU Luganville 15.52 S 167.22 E 144 66 68 2 290 9 100 87 78 86 78 85 77 80 85 79 84 79 84VENEZUELLA Caracas 10.60 N 66.98 W 157 70 71 1 140 6 340 92 84 91 83 90 83 86 90 85 89 84 88VIETNAM Ho Chi Minh City 10.82 N 106.67 W 62 68 70 4 360 9 160 95 77 94 77 93 77 81 90 80 89 80 89WAKE ISLAND Wake Island 19.28 N 166.65 E 13 71 72 15 40 14 80 89 79 89 79 88 78 81 86 80 86 80 85YUGOSLAVIA Belgrade 44.82 N 20.28 E 324 11 16 6 10 6 120 92 71 89 70 86 69 73 87 71 85 70 83ZIMBABWE Harare 17.92 S 31.13 E 4931 45 46 6 120 10 60 86 62 84 61 83 61 68 76 67 76 67 74

Table A.14 Climatic conditions for selected locations in other countries (SI) (ASHRAE 1997; used with permission).



Summer, oC



Coincident Dry-Bulb

StationLat.,

o Long., oElev.,

m99.6% 99% Speed,

m/sDir.,

oSpeed,

m/sDir.,

o


ALGERIA Algiers 36.72 N 3.25 E 25 2 3 1 200 5 60 35 22 33 22 32 22 25 31 24 29 24 28ARGENTINA Buenos Aires 34.82 S 67.50 W 20 -1 1 2 270 5 270 34 23 32 22 31 22 24 30 24 29 23 28ARMENIA Yerevan 40.13 N 44.47 E 890 -14 -12 0 180 3 210 36 21 34 21 33 19 22 33 21 32 21 31ASCENSION ISLAND Georgetown 7.97 S 14.40 W 79 21 21 7 90 8 120 30 24 29 24 29 24 25 29 24 28 24 28

AUSTRALIA

Adelaide 34.93 S 138.52 E 4 4 5 1 50 6 310 35 18 33 18 31 17 21 28 20 27 19 27Brisbane 27.38 S 153.10 E 5 7 8 1 270 4 100 31 22 30 22 29 22 25 29 24 28 24 27Darwin 12.40 S 130.87 E 30 18 19 3 140 5 290 34 24 33 24 33 24 28 32 27 31 27 31Perth 31.93 S 115.95 E 29 5 6 0 50 4 270 37 19 35 19 33 18 22 31 21 29 21 28Sydney (AP) 33.95 S 151.18 E 3 6 7 1 320 5 300 32 20 29 19 28 20 23 28 22 26 22 26

AUSTRIA Vienna, Hohe Warte 48.25 N 16.37 E 200 -11 -8 3 240 4 140 30 20 28 19 27 19 21 28 21 27 19 25AZORES Lajes 38.77 N 27.10 W 55 8 9 1 300 4 250 27 22 26 22 25 21 22 26 22 25 22 24BAHAMAS Nassau 25.05 N 77.47 W 7 14 16 1 300 4 130 33 26 32 26 32 26 27 31 27 31 27 31BAHRAIN Al-Manamah 26.27 N 50.65 E 2 11 12 6 290 5 340 39 25 38 26 37 26 31 34 30 34 29 34BELARUS Minsk 53.87 N 27.53 E 234 -21 -18 2 300 4 70 27 18 26 18 24 17 19 26 19 24 18 23BELGIUM Brussels 50.90 N 4.53 E 58 -9 -6 3 50 4 60 28 19 26 19 24 18 21 27 20 25 19 23BENIN Cotonou 6.35 N 2.38 E 9 22 22 2 20 5 200 32 26 32 27 32 27 28 31 27 31 27 31BERMUDA Hamilton, NAS 32.37 N 64.68 E 3 13 14 7 310 5 190 31 26 31 26 30 25 27 29 27 29 26 29BOLIVIA La Paz 16.52 S 68.18 W 401 -4 -3 1 330 4 60 17 7 17 7 16 6 9 14 9 14 8 13BOSNIA-HERZOGOV. Banja Luka 44.78 N 17.22 W 156 -12 -9 1 320 2 360 33 21 31 21 29 19 22 29 22 28 21 27

BRAZIL Rio De Janeiro 22.82 S 43.25 W 6 15 16 1 320 3 50 39 26 37 25 36 25 28 35 27 34 27 33Sao Paulo 23.62 S 46.65 W 803 9 10 2 160 3 330 32 21 31 21 30 21 23 27 22 27 22 27

BULGARIA Sofia 42.65 N 23.38 E 595 -12 -10 1 360 2 110 31 19 29 18 28 18 20 28 19 28 18 27BRUNEI Brunei (AP) 4.93 N 114.93 E 15 22 22 0 220 4 320 33 26 33 26 33 26 28 32 28 31 27 31CANADA Alberta Edmonton (AP) 53.30 N 113.6 W 723 -33 -31 3 180 4 180 28 17 26 17 24 16 19 25 18 24 17 23 British Columbia Vancouver 49.18 N 123.17 W 2 -8 -4 3 90 3 290 24 18 23 18 22 17 19 24 18 22 17 21 Manitoba Winnipeg (AP) 49.90 N 97.23 W 239 -33 -31 3 320 6 180 31 20 29 19 27 19 22 28 21 27 20 26 New Brunswick Fredericton (AP) 45.87 N 66.83 W 20 -24 -22 2 270 5 230 30 21 28 20 26 19 22 28 21 26 20 24 Newfoundland St. John (AP) 47.62 N 52.73 W 140 -16 -14 8 290 8 250 24 18 23 18 21 17 20 23 19 22 18 20 Northwest Territories Yellowknife (AP) 62.47 N 114.45 W 206 -39 -38 2 50 4 160 25 16 23 15 21 14 17 23 16 22 15 20 Nova Scotia Halifax (AP) 44.88 N 63.50 W 145 -19 -17 5 320 5 200 27 20 26 19 24 18 21 25 21 23 19 22 Ontario Toronto (AP) 43.67 N 79.63 W 173 -20 -17 4 340 5 270 31 22 29 21 27 20 23 28 22 27 21 26 Prince Edward Island Charlottetown (AP) 46.28 N 63.13 W 54 -21 -19 6 270 5 230 26 21 25 19 23 18 22 25 21 23 19 22 Québec Montreal (AP) 45.47 N 73.75 W 36 -24 -22 3 250 5 230 29 22 28 21 27 20 23 28 22 27 21 25 Saskatchewan Regina (AP) 50.43 N 104.67 W 577 -34 -31 4 270 6 180 32 18 29 18 28 17 20 28 19 27 18 26 Yukon Territory Whitehorse (AP) 60.72 N 135.07 W 703 -37 -35 1 340 4 140 25 14 23 13 21 12 14 23 13 21 13 19CANARY ISLANDS Las Palmas 27.93 N 15.38 W 25 13 14 2 320 8 30 30 20 29 20 27 21 24 27 24 26 23 26CAPE VERDE Sal Island 16.73 N 22.95 W 55 17 18 4 30 7 60 30 24 29 24 29 24 26 28 25 28 25 27CHILE Santiago 33.38 S 70.78 W 476 -2 0 1 20 5 210 32 18 31 18 30 18 20 29 19 29 19 28

CHINA

Beijing 39.93 N 116.28 E 55 -11 -9 2 340 3 200 34 22 33 22 32 22 26 31 26 29 24 28Guangzhou 23.13 N 113.32 E 8 6 7 3 360 2 270 34 27 34 26 33 26 28 32 27 32 27 31Harbin 45.75 N 126.77 E 143 -29 -27 1 200 5 180 31 21 29 20 28 20 24 28 23 26 22 26Hefei 31.87 N 117.23 E 36 -4 -3 2 340 4 180 35 27 33 27 32 26 28 33 28 32 27 32Kashi 39.47 N 75.98 E 129 -13 -11 0 320 2 180 33 19 32 18 31 18 21 29 20 29 19 28Shanghai 31.17 N 121.43 E 7 -3 -2 3 290 4 200 34 27 33 27 32 26 28 32 28 32 27 31Tianjin 39.10 N 117.17 E 5 -10 -8 2 340 3 250 33 23 32 23 31 23 27 30 26 29 25 29Urumqi 43.78 N 87.62 E 920 -23 -21 1 180 4 320 33 16 32 16 30 16 18 28 17 28 17 27Wuhan 30.62 N 114.13 E 23 -3 -2 1 20 4 220 35 27 34 27 33 27 28 33 28 32 27 32Xi’an 34.30 N 108.93 E 398 -7 -5 0 40 2 40 35 23 33 23 32 22 26 32 25 31 24 29


Table A.14 Climatic conditions for selected locations in other countries (SI) (Continued).



Summer, oC



Coincident Dry-Bulb

StationLat.,

o Long., oElev.,

m99.6% 99% Speed,

m/sDir.,

oSpeed,

m/sDir.,

o


COLOMBIA Bogota 4.70 N 74.13 W 254 2 4 0 320 4 90 21 13 20 13 20 13 16 19 15 18 14 18COOK ISLANDS Rarotonga Islands 21.20 S 159.82 W 7 17 18 0 150 5 80 29 26 29 26 29 25 27 29 26 28 26 28CROATIA Zagreb 45.73 N 16.07 E 107 -13 -10 1 240 3 230 31 21 29 21 28 20 22 29 22 28 21 27CUBA Guantanamo 19.90 N 75.15 W 17 19 20 4 360 5 130 34 26 34 26 33 26 28 33 27 33 27 32CYPRUS Larnaca 34.88 N 33.63 E 2 3 4 3 310 5 200 34 22 33 22 32 22 26 30 25 29 24 29CZECH REPUBLIC Prague 50.10 N 14.28 E 366 -16 -12 2 10 4 160 29 18 27 18 25 17 19 26 19 24 18 23DENMARK Copenhagen 55.63 N 12.67 E 5 -11 -8 5 360 5 160 25 17 23 17 22 16 18 23 17 22 17 21ECUADOR Quito 0.15 S 78.48 W 281 7 8 0 350 4 150 22 12 21 12 21 12 14 19 14 19 14 18EGYPT Cairo 30.13 N 31.40 E 74 7 8 3 210 6 360 38 21 36 21 35 21 24 32 23 31 23 30ESTONIA Tallinn 59.35 N 24.80 E 44 -20 -16 3 140 4 40 25 18 23 17 22 16 19 23 18 22 17 21FAEROE ISLANDS Torshavn 62.02 N 6.77 W 39 -3 -2 6 320 5 210 14 12 13 12 13 12 13 14 12 13 12 12FIJI Nadi 17.75 S 177.45 E 18 16 17 2 120 6 350 32 25 32 25 31 25 27 31 26 30 26 29FINLAND Helsinki 60.32 N 24.97 E 56 -24 -19 2 340 5 210 26 18 24 16 23 16 19 23 18 22 17 21FRANCE Paris, De Gaulle AP 49.02 N 2.53 E 109 -8 -5 4 60 4 60 30 21 28 20 26 19 22 27 21 26 19 24FRENCH POLYNESIA Papeete, Tahiti 17.55 S 149.62 W 2 20 21 1 120 3 260 32 26 32 26 31 26 27 31 27 31 26 30GERMANY Berlin 52.47 N 13.40 E 49 -12 -9 2 50 3 210 30 19 28 18 26 18 20 27 19 26 18 24GEORGIA Batumi 41.65 N 41.63 E 6 -2 0 6 130 4 300 28 23 27 22 26 22 24 27 23 26 22 25GIBRALTAR North Front 36.15 N 5.35 W 5 8 9 4 270 6 200 31 21 29 20 28 20 23 26 23 26 22 25GREECE Athens 37.90 N 23.73 E 15 1 3 4 360 6 30 34 21 33 20 32 20 24 29 23 29 22 28GREENLAND Kungerlussuaq 677.00 N 50.80 W 53 -41 -39 4 60 5 70 18 11 17 10 16 9 11 18 11 17 9 15GUAM Anderson AF B 13.58 N 144.93 E 185 23 24 4 70 4 90 31 26 31 26 31 26 27 30 27 29 27 29HUNGARY Budapest 47.43 N 129.27 E 185 -13 -10 1 170 4 200 32 21 30 20 29 19 22 31 21 29 19 27ICELAND Reykjavik 64.13 N 21.90 W 61 -10 -8 4 90 5 360 16 12 14 11 13 11 12 14 12 13 11 13

INDIA

Ahmadabad 23.07 N 72.63 E 55 11 13 1 360 3 270 42 23 41 23 39 24 29 34 28 33 28 33Bombay 19.12 N 72.85 E 14 17 18 0 360 3 320 35 23 34 23 33 24 28 32 27 31 27 31Hyderabad 17.45 N 78.47 E 545 14 16 0 50 4 320 41 22 39 22 38 22 25 32 24 31 24 31Jaipur 26.82 N 75.80 E 390 7 8 0 90 4 320 42 21 41 21 39 21 27 31 27 31 26 31New Delhi 28.58 N 77.20 E 216 7 8 1 270 3 320 42 22 41 22 39 23 28 33 28 33 27 32

INDIAN OCEAN ISL. Diego Garcia Island 7.30 S 72.40 E 3 23 24 5 110 3 90 32 27 32 26 31 26 28 31 27 30 27 30IRELAND Dublin 53.43 N 6.25 W 85 -2 -1 4 250 5 230 22 17 21 16 19 16 18 21 17 19 16 19ISRAEL Tel Aviv-Yafo 32.10 N 34.78 E 4 7 8 3 120 4 310 31 21 30 23 29 23 26 29 25 28 24 28ITALY Rome 41.80 N 12.23 E 3 -1 0 4 60 5 270 31 23 30 23 29 23 26 28 26 28 24 27JAMAICA Kingston 17.93 N 76.78 W 9 22 22 3 330 11 110 33 26 33 26 32 26 27 32 27 32 26 31

JAPAN Tokyo (AP) 35.55 N 139.78 E 8 -1 0 3 280 6 10 33 26 31 25 30 25 27 31 26 30 26 29Naha 26.18 N 127.65 E 8 12 13 7 10 6 200 32 27 31 27 31 27 28 31 27 31 27 30

JORDAN Amman 31.98 N 35.98 E 773 1 2 3 90 4 290 35 18 33 18 32 18 22 28 21 28 20 27

KAZAKHSTANAlmaty 43.23 N 76.93 E 847 -19 -16 0 360 1 330 33 18 32 18 30 17 19 29 19 29 18 28Oral 51.25 N 51.40 E 36 -28 -25 3 360 5 140 34 19 32 19 30 18 21 30 20 29 19 28Semey 50.35 N 80.25 E 196 -32 -29 0 90 4 20 33 19 31 18 29 18 20 29 19 28 19 27

KENYA Nairobi 1.32 S 36.92 E 190 9 11 3 240 6 60 29 16 28 16 27 16 19 24 18 23 18 23KOREA, NORTH P’yongyang 39.03 N 125.78 E 38 -16 -14 1 110 2 270 31 24 29 23 28 22 26 29 24 28 24 27KOREA, SOUTH Seoul 37.55 N 126.80 E 19 -14 -12 1 10 4 160 32 25 30 24 29 23 27 30 26 28 25 27KUWAIT Kuwait 29.22 N 47.98 E 55 3 5 2 300 6 340 47 21 46 21 45 20 28 34 26 33 24 33KYRGIZISTAN Bishkek 42.85 N 74.53 E 635 -22 -19 1 150 4 220 35 19 34 18 32 18 21 32 20 31 19 29LATVIA Riga 56.97 N 24.07 E 3 -19 -16 2 40 4 150 26 18 24 18 23 17 19 24 19 23 18 22LIBYA Tripoli 32.67 N 13.15 E 81 4 5 2 240 6 60 42 24 39 23 38 23 27 37 26 34 24 32LIECHTENSTEIN Vaduz 47.13 N 9.53 E 463 -11 -8 1 180 4 320 28 19 27 18 26 18 20 27 19 26 18 24LITHIUANIA Vilnius 54.63 N 25.28 E 156 -21 -17 2 70 5 140 27 18 26 18 24 17 20 26 19 23 18 22MACEDONIA Skopje 41.97 N 21.65 E 239 -12 -9 0 50 2 270 35 20 33 20 32 19 22 32 21 31 20 30MADEIRA ISLANDS Funchal 32.68 N 16.77 W 55 12 13 4 310 5 30 27 21 26 21 25 20 22 26 22 24 21 24MALAYSIA Kuala Lumpur 3.12 N 101.55 E 22 22 22 0 340 4 270 34 26 34 26 33 26 27 32 27 32 27 32MALI Bamakao 12.53 N 7.95 W 381 15 17 3 40 4 80 40 21 39 21 38 21 26 33 26 32 26 31MALTA Luqa 35.85 N 14.48 E 91 7 8 3 270 4 310 33 22 31 22 30 22 25 29 24 28 24 28

Table A.14 Climatic conditions for selected locations in other countries (SI) (Continued).



Summer, oC



Coincident Dry-Bulb

StationLat.,

o Long., oElev.,

m99.6% 99% Speed,

m/sDir.,

oSpeed,

m/sDir.,

o


MAURITANIA Nauakchott 18.10 N 15.95 E 3 13 14 4 60 6 80 42 21 39 21 38 21 27 31 27 31 26 30MEXICO Mexico City 19.43 N 99.08 W 223 4 6 2 90 5 360 29 14 28 14 27 13 17 23 16 23 16 22MICRONESIA Truk Intl. 7.47 N 151.85 W 2 24 24 4 100 4 40 31 27 31 27 31 26 27 31 27 31 27 30MOLDOVA Kishinev 47.02 N 28.87 E 180 -14 -12 2 300 3 200 30 19 29 19 27 18 21 27 20 27 19 26MONGOLIA Ulaanbataar 47.03 N 106.96 E 131 -31 -28 1 320 4 270 28 16 26 15 24 14 17 24 16 23 15 22MOROCCO Casablanca 33.57 N 7.67 W 62 6 7 2 180 4 360 29 22 27 22 26 22 24 27 23 26 23 25NETHERLANDS Amsterdam 52.30 N 4.77 E -2 -8 -6 5 70 5 70 27 19 25 18 23 18 21 25 19 23 18 22NETH. ANTILLES Willemstad 12.20 N 68.97 W 67 23 24 4 100 8 80 33 27 32 27 32 26 28 32 27 31 27 31NEW CALEDONIA Noumea 22.27 N 166.45 W 72 16 17 3 60 5 80 31 24 30 24 29 24 26 29 26 29 25 28NEW ZEALAND Auckland 37.02 S 174.80 E 6 2 3 4 240 6 20 25 19 24 19 23 19 21 24 21 23 19 22NIGER Niamey 13.48 N 2.17 E 227 16 17 3 40 4 40 42 22 41 22 41 21 27 35 26 34 26 34NORWAY Oslo/Fomebu 59.90 N 10.62 E 17 -18 -15 10 360 3 180 32 17 25 17 23 16 18 24 17 22 17 21OMAN Masqat 23.58 N 58.28 E 15 16 17 2 200 5 340 43 23 42 23 41 23 30 34 29 34 29 33PANAMA Panama 8.92 N 79.60 W 16 23 23 1 10 5 10 35 24 34 25 33 25 28 32 27 32 27 31PARAGUAY Asuncion 25.27 S 57.63 W 101 5 7 1 180 6 360 37 24 35 24 34 24 27 33 26 32 26 32PERU Lima 12.00 S 77.12 W 13 14 14 2 170 6 170 30 24 29 23 28 23 24 28 24 27 23 27PHILLIPPINES Manila (AP) 14.52 N 121.00 E 21 21 22 1 90 9 90 35 27 34 27 33 26 28 33 28 32 28 32POLAND Warsaw 52.17 N 20.97 E 107 -18 -13 2 90 4 150 29 19 27 19 25 18 21 28 20 26 19 24PORTUGAL Lisbon 38.78 N 9.13 W 123 4 5 2 50 5 330 34 21 32 20 30 20 23 31 22 28 21 27PUERTO RICO San Juan 18.43 N 66.00 W 19 21 21 1 190 5 170 33 25 32 26 32 26 27 31 27 31 26 31QATAR Ad Dawhah 25.25 N 51.57 E 10 11 12 3 290 7 350 43 22 42 22 41 22 31 34 30 34 29 34ROMANIA Bucharest 44.50 N 26.13 E 91 -13 -10 1 250 2 230 33 22 31 21 30 21 23 31 23 29 22 28

RUSSIAN FED.

Astrakhan 46.20 N 48.03 E 18 -18 -16 3 270 5 90 34 22 33 21 31 20 23 31 22 29 22 28Groznyy 43.35 N 45.68 E 162 -15 -12 1 270 4 90 33 22 31 21 30 20 23 31 22 29 21 28Irkutsk 52.27 N 104.35 E 513 -34 -31 2 80 4 190 27 17 26 28 23 16 19 24 18 23 17 22Kazan 55.78 N 49.18 E 116 -28 -24 4 330 4 170 29 19 27 19 26 18 21 27 20 25 19 24Moscow 55.75 N 37.63 E 156 -23 -20 1 20 2 210 28 19 26 18 24 18 21 26 19 24 18 23St. Petersburg 59.97 N 128.12 E 197 -37 -34 0 290 3 180 26 18 24 18 23 17 19 24 19 23 18 22Ufa 54.75 N 56.00 E 105 -31 -28 1 140 4 50 31 19 28 19 27 18 21 28 20 27 19 26Yakutsk 62.08 N 129.75 E 103 -52 -50 1 340 3 110 29 19 27 18 26 17 20 28 19 26 18 24

SAMOA Pago Pago 14.33 N 170.72 E 3 22 23 2 310 5 80 31 27 31 27 31 27 28 31 27 30 27 30SAUDI ARABIA Riyadh 24.72 N 46.72 E 612 5 7 2 320 5 360 44 21 43 20 42 19 22 40 21 40 21 39SENEGAL Dakar 14.73 N 17.50 W 24 16 17 4 360 4 360 32 23 31 25 30 25 27 30 27 29 26 29SINGAPORE Singapore 1.37 N 103.97 E 16 23 23 2 330 5 30 33 26 32 26 32 26 27 31 27 31 27 31SLOVAKIA Bratislava 48.20 N 17.20 E 130 -13 -10 1 50 4 160 32 21 30 20 28 19 22 29 21 28 20 27SLOVENIA Ljubljana 46.22 N 14.48 E 385 -13 -11 0 290 3 130 30 20 28 19 27 18 21 28 20 27 19 26SOUTH AFRICA Cape Town 33.98 S 18.60 E 42 3 5 0 40 5 170 31 19 28 19 27 18 21 28 21 27 20 25SPAIN Madrid 40.45 N 3.55 W 582 -4 -3 0 360 4 240 36 21 34 20 33 19 22 34 21 33 20 32SWEEDEN Stockholm, Arlanda 59.65 N 17.95 E 61 -19 -15 2 350 4 180 27 17 25 16 23 15 18 23 17 22 17 21SWITZERLAND Zurich 47.38 N 8.57 E 569 -11 -8 3 60 2 230 28 19 27 18 25 17 19 27 19 25 18 23SYRIA Damascus 33.42 N 36.52 E 605 -4 -2 1 30 3 210 38 18 37 18 36 18 21 29 20 29 19 29TAIWAN Taipei 25.07 N 121.55 E 6 9 10 2 110 5 290 34 27 34 27 33 27 28 33 27 32 27 32TAJIKISTAN Dushanbe 38.55 N 68.78 E 803 -7 -5 1 60 1 270 37 19 36 19 34 19 21 33 21 33 19 32THAILAND Bangkok 13.92 N 100.60 E 12 18 20 2 40 5 180 37 27 36 26 35 26 29 34 28 33 28 32TRINIDAD Port of Spain 10.62 N 61.35 W 15 20 21 0 90 5 90 33 25 32 25 32 25 27 31 26 31 26 30TUNISIA Tunis 36.83 N 10.23 E 4 5 6 3 240 5 180 32 23 34 23 33 23 26 31 25 30 24 29

TURKEY

Adana 37.00 N 35.42 E 66 0 1 3 30 4 210 36 22 34 22 33 22 26 32 26 31 25 30Ankara 40.12 N 32.98 E 949 -17 -13 0 20 4 270 32 17 30 17 29 17 18 29 18 28 17 27Erzurum 39.92 N 41.27 E 175 -31 -27 0 310 4 90 29 16 28 16 26 15 18 27 17 26 16 24Eskisehir 39.78 N 30.57 E 785 -11 -9 1 120 4 320 32 20 31 19 29 19 22 29 21 28 19 28Istanbul 40.97 N 28.82 E 37 -3 -2 6 360 6 60 30 21 29 21 28 21 23 28 22 27 22 27Izmir (AF B) 38.50 N 27.02 E 5 -2 -1 3 360 6 350 36 22 34 22 33 21 23 33 23 32 22 32Malatya 38.43 N 38.08 E 849 -12 -9 2 210 3 60 36 20 35 19 34 19 21 34 20 34 19 33Van 38.45 N 43.32 E 166 -14 -13 2 90 1 300 29 19 28 19 27 18 21 27 20 27 19 26

TURKMENISTAN Ashkhabad 37.97 N 58.33 E 210 -7 -5 2 110 4 90 40 19 39 19 37 19 23 34 22 33 21 33

Table A.14 Climatic conditions for selected locations in other countries (SI) (Concluded).



Summer, oC



Coincident Dry-Bulb

StationLat.,

o Long., oElev.,

m99.6% 99% Speed,

m/sDir.,

oSpeed,

m/sDir.,

o


UNITED KINGDOM

Belfast 54.65 N 6.22 W 81 -3 -2 2 180 4 110 22 17 21 16 19 16 18 21 17 19 16 18Cardiff 51.40 N 3.35 W 67 -4 -2 6 60 4 60 25 18 23 17 22 17 19 23 18 22 17 20Edinburgh 55.95 N 3.35 W 41 -6 -4 1 250 4 250 22 16 21 16 19 15 17 21 16 19 16 18London 51.48 N 1.98 W 156 -6 -3 5 30 4 70 27 19 26 18 24 17 19 26 19 24 18 22

UKRAINE

Kerch 45.40 N 36.42 W 49 -12 -9 5 30 5 40 29 21 28 21 27 20 23 27 22 27 21 26Kharkov 49.87 N 36.13 E 152 -19 -17 3 30 5 110 29 19 28 18 27 18 21 27 20 26 19 24Kiev 50.40 N 30.45 E 168 -19 -16 3 270 3 180 28 19 27 19 25 18 21 26 20 25 19 24Odessa 46.48 N 30.63 E 35 -14 -11 5 360 4 180 30 19 29 19 27 19 22 26 21 26 21 25Simferopol 45.02 N 33.98 E 181 -13 -11 4 50 5 50 31 19 29 19 28 18 21 27 21 26 19 26

UNITED ARAB EMIR. Abu Dhabi 24.43 N 54.65 E 27 11 12 2 200 4 320 44 23 42 23 41 24 31 35 29 34 29 34URUGUAY Montevideo 34.83 S 56.00 W 32 2 3 4 330 6 360 32 22 30 22 28 21 24 28 23 27 23 26

UZBEKISTAN Samarkand 39.70 N 67.00 E 724 -11 -8 4 140 4 50 36 19 34 19 33 19 21 33 20 32 19 32Tashkent 41.27 N 69.27 E 489 -11 -8 1 90 2 300 38 22 37 20 35 20 24 35 22 33 21 32

VANATU Luganville 15.52 S 167.22 E 44 19 20 1 290 4 100 31 26 30 26 29 25 27 29 26 29 26 29VENEZUELLA Caracas 10.60 N 66.98 W 48 21 22 0 140 3 340 33 29 33 28 32 28 30 32 29 32 29 31VIETNAM Ho Chi Minh City 10.82 N 106.67 W 19 20 21 2 360 4 160 35 25 34 25 34 25 27 32 27 32 27 32WAKE ISLAND Wake Island 19.28 N 166.65 E 4 22 22 7 40 6 80 32 26 32 26 31 26 27 30 27 30 27 29YUGOSLAVIA Belgrade 44.82 N 20.28 E 99 -12 -9 3 10 3 120 33 22 32 21 30 21 23 31 22 29 21 28ZIMBABWE Harare 17.92 S 31.13 E 150 7 8 3 120 4 60 30 17 29 16 28 16 20 24 19 24 19 23

Table A.15 Thermodynamic properties of moist air at standard atmospheric pressure, 101,325 kPa(ASHRAE, 1989; used with permission).

*Extrapolated to represent metastable equilibrium with undercooled liquid.

Table A.15 Thermodynamic properties of moist air at standard atmospheric pressure, 101,325 kPa (continued)

Table A.16 Thermodynamic properties of water at saturation (ASHRAE, 1989; used with permission).

Table A.16 Thermodynamic properties of water at saturation (continued).

Table A.16 Thermodynamic properties of water at saturation (concluded).

Table A.17 Physical properties of water at normal atmospheric pressure on the sea level at 0°C.

Temperature Pressure Saturation

Vapor Pressure

Density Specific Enthalpy of Liquid Water Specific Heat Volumetric

Heat CapacityDynamic Viscosity

°C Pa Pa kg/m3 kJ/kg kcal/kg kJ/kg.K kcal/kg.K kJ/m3 kg/m.s0.00 101325 611 999.82 0.06 0.01 4.217 1.007 4216.10 0.0017921.00 101325 657 999.89 4.28 1.02 4.213 1.006 4213.03 0.0017312.00 101325 705 999.94 8.49 2.03 4.210 1.006 4210.12 0.0016743.00 101325 757 999.98 12.70 3.03 4.207 1.005 4207.36 0.0016204.00 101325 813 1000.00 16.90 4.04 4.205 1.004 4204.74 0.0015695.00 101325 872 1000.00 21.11 5.04 4.202 1.004 4202.26 0.0015206.00 101325 935 999.99 25.31 6.04 4.200 1.003 4199.89 0.0014737.00 101325 1001 999.96 29.51 7.05 4.198 1.003 4197.63 0.0014298.00 101325 1072 999.91 33.70 8.05 4.196 1.002 4195.47 0.0013869.00 101325 1147 999.85 37.90 9.05 4.194 1.002 4193.40 0.00134610.00 101325 1227 999.77 42.09 10.05 4.192 1.001 4191.42 0.00130811.00 101325 1312 999.68 46.28 11.05 4.191 1.001 4189.51 0.00127112.00 101325 1402 999.58 50.47 12.06 4.189 1.001 4187.67 0.00123613.00 101325 1497 999.46 54.66 13.06 4.188 1.000 4185.89 0.00120214.00 101325 1597 999.33 58.85 14.06 4.187 1.000 4184.16 0.00117015.00 101325 1704 999.19 63.04 15.06 4.186 1.000 4182.49 0.00113916.00 101325 1817 999.03 67.22 16.06 4.185 1.000 4180.86 0.00110917.00 101325 1936 998.86 71.41 17.06 4.184 0.999 4179.27 0.00108118.00 101325 2063 998.68 75.59 18.05 4.183 0.999 4177.72 0.00105419.00 101325 2196 998.49 79.77 19.05 4.182 0.999 4176.20 0.00102820.00 101325 2337 998.29 83.95 20.05 4.182 0.999 4174.70 0.00100321.00 101325 2486 998.08 88.14 21.05 4.181 0.999 4173.23 0.00097922.00 101325 2642 997.86 92.32 22.05 4.181 0.999 4171.78 0.00095523.00 101325 2808 997.62 96.50 23.05 4.180 0.998 4170.34 0.00093324.00 101325 2982 997.38 100.68 24.05 4.180 0.998 4168.92 0.00091125.00 101325 3166 997.13 104.86 25.04 4.180 0.998 4167.51 0.00089126.00 101325 3360 996.86 109.04 26.04 4.179 0.998 4166.11 0.00087127.00 101325 3564 996.59 113.22 27.04 4.179 0.998 4164.71 0.00085228.00 101325 3779 996.31 117.39 28.04 4.179 0.998 4163.31 0.00083329.00 101325 4004 996.02 121.57 29.04 4.179 0.998 4161.92 0.00081530.00 101325 4242 995.71 125.75 30.04 4.178 0.998 4160.53 0.00079831.00 101325 4491 995.41 129.93 31.03 4.178 0.998 4159.13 0.00078132.00 101325 4754 995.09 134.11 32.03 4.178 0.998 4157.73 0.00076533.00 101325 5029 994.76 138.29 33.03 4.178 0.998 4156.33 0.00074934.00 101325 5318 994.43 142.47 34.03 4.178 0.998 4154.92 0.00073435.00 101325 5622 994.08 146.64 35.03 4.178 0.998 4153.51 0.000720

Table A.17 Physical properties of water at normal atmospheric pressure on the sea level at 0°C (Continued).


Vapor Pressure



°C Pa Pa kg/m3 kJ/kg kcal/kg kJ/kg.K kcal/kg.K kJ/m3 kg/m.s36.00 101325 5940 993.73 150.82 36.02 4.178 0.998 4152.08 0.00070537.00 101325 6274 993.37 155.00 37.02 4.178 0.998 4150.65 0.00069238.00 101325 6624 993.00 159.18 38.02 4.178 0.998 4149.20 0.00067839.00 101325 6991 992.63 163.36 39.02 4.179 0.998 4147.74 0.00066640.00 101325 7375 992.25 167.54 40.02 4.179 0.998 4146.28 0.00065341.00 101325 7777 991.86 171.71 41.01 4.179 0.998 4144.80 0.00064142.00 101325 8198 991.46 175.89 42.01 4.179 0.998 4143.30 0.00062943.00 101325 8639 991.05 180.07 43.01 4.179 0.998 4141.80 0.00061844.00 101325 9100 990.64 184.25 44.01 4.179 0.998 4140.28 0.00060745.00 101325 9582 990.22 188.43 45.01 4.180 0.998 4138.75 0.00059646.00 101325 10085 989.80 192.61 46.00 4.180 0.998 4137.20 0.00058647.00 101325 10612 989.36 196.79 47.00 4.180 0.998 4135.64 0.00057648.00 101325 11161 988.92 200.97 48.00 4.180 0.998 4134.06 0.00056649.00 101325 11735 988.47 205.15 49.00 4.181 0.999 4132.47 0.00055650.00 101325 12335 988.02 209.33 50.00 4.181 0.999 4130.87 0.00054751.00 101325 12960 987.56 213.51 51.00 4.181 0.999 4129.25 0.00053852.00 101325 13612 987.09 217.69 52.00 4.182 0.999 4127.61 0.00052953.00 101325 14292 986.62 221.88 52.99 4.182 0.999 4125.97 0.00052154.00 101325 15001 986.14 226.06 53.99 4.182 0.999 4124.30 0.00051255.00 101325 15740 985.65 230.24 54.99 4.183 0.999 4122.63 0.00050456.00 101325 16510 985.16 234.42 55.99 4.183 0.999 4120.94 0.00049657.00 101325 17312 984.66 238.61 56.99 4.183 0.999 4119.24 0.00048958.00 101325 18146 984.16 242.79 57.99 4.184 0.999 4117.52 0.00048159.00 101325 19015 983.64 246.97 58.99 4.184 0.999 4115.79 0.00047460.00 101325 19919 983.13 251.16 59.99 4.185 0.999 4114.05 0.00046761.00 101325 20859 982.60 255.34 60.99 4.185 1.000 4112.30 0.00046062.00 101325 21837 982.07 259.53 61.99 4.186 1.000 4110.53 0.00045363.00 101325 22854 981.54 263.72 62.99 4.186 1.000 4108.75 0.00044764.00 101325 23910 981.00 267.90 63.99 4.187 1.000 4106.97 0.00044065.00 101325 25008 980.45 272.09 64.99 4.187 1.000 4105.17 0.00043466.00 101325 26148 979.90 276.28 65.99 4.188 1.000 4103.36 0.00042867.00 101325 27332 979.34 280.46 66.99 4.188 1.000 4101.54 0.00042268.00 101325 28561 978.78 284.65 67.99 4.189 1.000 4099.71 0.00041669.00 101325 29837 978.21 288.84 68.99 4.189 1.001 4097.88 0.00041070.00 101325 31161 977.63 293.03 69.99 4.190 1.001 4096.03 0.000404

Table A.17 Physical properties of water at normal atmospheric pressure on the sea level at 0°C (Continued).


Vapor Pressure



°C Pa Pa kg/m3 kJ/kg kcal/kg kJ/kg.K kcal/kg.K kJ/m3 kg/m.s71.00 101325 32533 977.05 297.22 70.99 4.190 1.001 4094.18 0.00039972.00 101325 33957 976.47 301.41 71.99 4.191 1.001 4092.31 0.00039473.00 101325 35433 975.88 305.60 72.99 4.192 1.001 4090.45 0.00038874.00 101325 36963 975.28 309.79 73.99 4.192 1.001 4088.57 0.00038375.00 101325 38548 974.68 313.99 74.99 4.193 1.001 4086.69 0.00037876.00 101325 40190 974.08 318.18 76.00 4.194 1.002 4084.80 0.00037377.00 101325 41890 973.46 322.37 77.00 4.194 1.002 4082.91 0.00036978.00 101325 43650 972.85 326.57 78.00 4.195 1.002 4081.01 0.00036479.00 101325 45473 972.23 330.76 79.00 4.196 1.002 4079.11 0.00035980.00 101325 47359 971.60 334.96 80.00 4.196 1.002 4077.20 0.00035581.00 101325 49310 970.97 339.16 81.01 4.197 1.002 4075.29 0.00035182.00 101325 51328 970.33 343.35 82.01 4.198 1.003 4073.38 0.00034683.00 101325 53415 969.69 347.55 83.01 4.199 1.003 4071.46 0.00034284.00 101325 55572 969.04 351.75 84.01 4.200 1.003 4069.54 0.00033885.00 101325 57803 968.39 355.95 85.02 4.200 1.003 4067.62 0.00033486.00 101325 60107 967.73 360.15 86.02 4.201 1.003 4065.70 0.00033087.00 101325 62488 967.07 364.35 87.02 4.202 1.004 4063.78 0.00032688.00 101325 64947 966.41 368.56 88.03 4.203 1.004 4061.85 0.00032289.00 101325 67486 965.74 372.76 89.03 4.204 1.004 4059.93 0.00031990.00 101325 70108 965.06 376.96 90.04 4.205 1.004 4058.00 0.00031591.00 101325 72814 964.38 381.17 91.04 4.206 1.005 4056.08 0.00031192.00 101325 75607 963.70 385.38 92.05 4.207 1.005 4054.15 0.00030893.00 101325 78488 963.01 389.58 93.05 4.208 1.005 4052.23 0.00030494.00 101325 81460 962.31 393.79 94.06 4.209 1.005 4050.31 0.00030195.00 101325 84525 961.62 398.00 95.06 4.210 1.006 4048.39 0.00029896.00 101325 87685 960.91 402.21 96.07 4.211 1.006 4046.47 0.00029597.00 101325 90943 960.20 406.42 97.07 4.212 1.006 4044.55 0.00029198.00 101325 94301 959.49 410.64 98.08 4.213 1.006 4042.64 0.00028899.00 101325 97760 958.78 414.85 99.09 4.214 1.007 4040.73 0.000285100.0 101325 101325 958.05 419.06 100.09 4.216 1.007 4038.82 0.000282

Table A.18 Heat emissions of horizontal white steel tubes (kcal/h.m).Over

Temperature(oC)

Tubing Diameter (OD) (mm)

27 28 32 34 38 42 45 48 511.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.010.0 8.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 12.0 13.0 14.020.0 18.0 19.0 21.0 22.0 24.0 26.0 27.0 29.0 31.030.0 29.0 30.0 33.0 35.0 39.0 42.0 44.0 47.0 50.040.0 41.0 42.0 47.0 49.0 55.0 60.0 62.0 67.0 70.050.0 54.0 56.0 62.0 65.0 72.0 79.0 82.0 88.0 92.060.0 68.0 70.0 78.0 82.0 90.0 99.0 103.0 111.0 116.070.0 82.0 85.0 95.0 99.0 110.0 121.0 126.0 135.0 141.080.0 98.0 101.0 112.0 118.0 131.0 143.0 149.0 160.0 168.090.0 114.0 118.0 131.0 138.0 153.0 167.0 175.0 187.0 196.0

Note: 1 kcal/h = 1.163 W = 3.97 Bth/h

Table A.18 Heat emissions of horizontal white steel tubes (kcal/h.m) (continued).Over

Temperature(oC)


27 51 57 60 63 70 76 83 89 95 102 108 114 121 127 1331.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.01.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 4.02.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.02.5 1.5 3.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 4.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.0 6.5 6.5 6.53.0 2.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 8.0 8.0 8.03.5 2.5 4.5 4.5 5.0 5.0 6.0 6.0 7.0 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 8.5 9.5 9.5 10.04.0 3.0 5.0 5.0 6.0 6.0 7.0 7.0 8.0 8.0 9.0 9.0 10.0 10.0 11.0 11.0 12.04.5 3.5 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 9.0 9.0 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.5 12.5 12.5 13.55.0 4.0 6.0 7.0 7.0 8.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 10. 11.0 12.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 14.0 15.05.5 4.0 7.0 8.0 8.0 8.5 9.0 10.0 11.0 11. 12.0 13.0 13.5 14.5 15.5 15.5 16.56.0 4.0 8.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13. 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 17.0 17.0 18.06.5 4.5 8.5 9.5 10.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14. 14.5 15.5 16.5 17.5 18.5 19.0 19.57.0 5.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15. 16.0 17.0 18.0 19.0 20.0 21.0 21.07.5 5.5 10.0 11.0 11.5 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16. 17.5 18.5 19.5 20.5 21.5 22.5 23.08.0 6.0 11.0 12.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 17. 19.0 20.0 21.0 22.0 23.0 24.0 25.08.5 6.5 11.5 13.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 17.5 18. 20.0 21.0 22.5 23.5 24.5 25.5 26.59.0 7.0 12.0 14.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 17.0 19.0 20. 21.0 22.0 24.0 25.0 26.0 27.0 28.09.5 7.5 13.0 14.5 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.5 20.0 21. 22.5 23.5 25.5 26.5 27.5 29.0 30.010.0 8.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0 20.0 21.0 22. 24.0 25.0 27.0 28.0 29.0 31.0 32.010.5 8.5 14.5 16.0 17.0 18.0 19.0 21.0 22.0 23. 25.0 26.5 28.5 29.5 31.0 32.5 34.011.0 9.0 15.0 17.0 18.0 19.0 20.0 22.0 23.0 25. 26.0 28.0 30.0 31.0 33.0 34.0 36.011.5 9.5 16.0 18.0 19.0 20.0 21.0 23.0 24.5 26. 27.5 29.5 31.5 32.5 34.5 36.0 37.512.0 10.0 17.0 19.0 20.0 21.0 22.0 24.0 26.0 28. 29.0 31.0 33.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 39.012.5 10.5 18.0 20.0 21.0 22.0 23.5 25.0 27.0 29. 30.5 32.5 34.5 36.0 38.0 39.5 41.013.0 11.0 19.0 21.0 22.0 23.0 25.0 26.0 28.0 30. 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 40.0 41.0 43.013.5 11.5 19.5 21.5 23.0 24.0 26.0 27.5 29.5 31. 33.5 35.5 37.5 39.5 41.5 43.0 45.014.0 12.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 25.0 27.0 29.0 31.0 33. 35.0 37.0 39.0 41.0 43.0 45.0 47.014.5 12.5 21.0 23.0 24.5 26.0 28.0 30.0 32.0 34. 36.5 38.5 40.5 42.5 45.0 47.0 49.015.0 13.0 22.0 24.0 25.0 27.0 29.0 31.0 33.0 36. 38.0 40.0 42.0 44.0 47.0 49.0 51.015.5 13.5 23.0 25.0 26.0 28.0 30.0 32.0 34.5 37. 39.5 41.5 43.5 46.0 48.5 50.5 52.516.0 14.0 24.0 26.0 27.0 29.0 31.0 33.0 36.0 38. 41.0 43.0 45.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.016.5 14.5 24.5 27.0 28.0 30.0 32.0 34.5 37.5 39. 42.5 44.5 47.0 49.5 52.0 54.0 56.017.0 15.0 25.0 28.0 29.0 31.0 33.0 36.0 39.0 41. 44.0 46.0 49.0 51.0 54.0 56.0 58.017.5 15.5 26.0 29.0 30.0 32.0 34.5 37.0 40.0 42. 45.0 47.5 50.5 53.0 55.5 58.0 60.018.0 16.0 27.0 30.0 31.0 33.0 36.0 38.0 41.0 44. 46.0 49.0 52.0 55.0 57.0 60.0 62.018.5 16.5 28.0 31.0 32.0 34.0 37.0 39.5 42.5 45. 47.5 50.5 53.5 56.5 59.0 62.0 64.019.0 17.0 29.0 32.0 33.0 35.0 38.0 41.0 44.0 47. 49.0 52.0 55.0 58.0 61.0 64.0 66.019.5 17.5 30.0 33.0 34.0 36.0 39.0 42.0 45.0 48. 51.0 54.0 57.0 60.0 63.0 66.0 68.020.0 18.0 31.0 34.0 35.0 37.0 40.0 43.0 46.0 50. 53.0 56.0 59.0 62.0 65.0 68.0 70.020.5 18.5 32.0 35.0 36.5 38.0 41.5 44.5 47.5 51. 54.5 57.5 60.5 63.5 67.0 70.0 72.021.0 19.0 33.0 36.0 38.0 39.0 43.0 46.0 49.0 52. 56.0 59.0 62.0 65.0 69.0 72.0 74.021.5 19.5 33.5 37.0 39.0 40.0 44.0 47.0 50.5 53. 57.5 60.5 64.0 67.0 70.5 74.0 76.522.0 20.0 34.0 38.0 40.0 41.0 45.0 48.0 52.0 55. 59.0 62.0 66.0 69.0 72.0 76.0 79.022.5 20.5 35.0 39.0 41.0 42.5 46.0 49.5 53.5 56. 60.5 63.5 67.5 71.0 74.0 78.0 81.023.0 21.0 36.0 40.0 42.0 44.0 47.0 51.0 55.0 58. 62.0 65.0 69.0 73.0 76.0 80.0 83.023.5 21.5 37.0 41.0 43.0 45.0 48.5 52.5 56.0 59. 63.5 67.0 71.0 74.5 78.0 82.0 85.024.0 22.0 38.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 50.0 54.0 57.0 61. 65.0 69.0 73.0 76.0 80.0 84.0 87.024.5 22.5 39.0 43.0 45.0 47.0 51.0 55.0 58.5 62. 66.5 70.5 74.5 78.0 82.0 86.0 89.025.0 23.0 40.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 52.0 56.0 60.0 64. 68.0 72.0 76.0 80.0 84.0 88.0 91.025.5 23.5 41.0 45.0 47.0 49.0 53.5 57.5 61.5 65. 69.5 74.0 78.0 82.0 86.0 90.0 93.526.0 24.0 42.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 55.0 59.0 63.0 67. 71.0 76.0 80.0 84.0 88.0 92.0 96.026.5 24.5 43.0 47.0 49.0 51.5 56.0 60.5 64.5 68. 73.0 77.5 81.5 86.0 90.0 94.0 98.027.0 25.0 44.0 48.0 50.0 53.0 57.0 62.0 66.0 70. 75.0 79.0 83.0 88.0 92.0 96.0 100.027.5 26.0 45.0 49.0 51.5 54.0 58.5 63.0 67.5 72. 76.5 81.0 85.0 89.5 94.0 98.0 102.028.0 27.0 46.0 50.0 53.0 55.0 60.0 64.0 69.0 74. 78.0 83.0 87.0 91.0 96.0 100. 104.028.5 27.5 47.0 51.0 54.0 56.0 61.0 65.5 70.5 75. 79.5 84.5 89.0 93.0 98.0 102. 106.529.0 28.0 48.0 52.0 55.0 57.0 62.0 67.0 72.0 77. 81.0 86.0 91.0 95.0 100.0 104. 109.029.5 28.5 49.0 53.0 56.0 58.5 63.5 68.5 73.5 78. 82.5 88.0 92.5 97.0 102.0 106. 111.030.0 29.0 50.0 54.0 57.0 60.0 65.0 70.0 75.0 80. 84.0 90.0 94.0 99.0 104.0 109. 113.030.5 29.5 51.0 55.5 58.0 61.0 66.5 71.5 76.5 81. 86.0 91.5 96.0 101. 106.0 111. 115.531.0 30.0 52.0 57.0 59.0 62.0 68.0 73.0 78.0 83. 88.0 93.0 98.0 103. 108.0 113. 118.031.5 30.5 53.0 58.0 60.5 63.5 69.0 74.0 79.5 84. 89.5 95.0 100.0 105. 110.5 115. 120.032.0 31.0 54.0 59.0 62.0 65.0 70.0 75.0 81.0 86. 91.0 97.0 102.0 107. 113.0 117. 122.032.5 31.5 55.0 60.0 63.0 66.0 71.5 76.5 82.5 87. 93.0 98.5 104.0 109. 115.0 119. 124.533.0 32.0 56.0 61.0 64.0 67.0 73.0 78.0 84.0 89. 95.0 100. 106.0 111. 117.0 122. 127.033.5 33.0 57.0 62.0 65.0 68.0 74.0 79.5 85.5 91. 96.5 102. 108.0 113. 119.0 124. 129.034.0 34.0 58.0 63.0 66.0 69.0 75.0 81.0 87.0 93. 98.0 104. 110.0 115. 121.0 126. 131.034.5 34.5 59.0 64.5 67.5 70.5 76.5 82.5 88.5 94. 100.0 106. 111.5 117. 123.0 128. 133.535.0 35.0 60.0 66.0 69.0 72.0 78.0 84.0 90.0 96. 102.0 108. 113.0 119. 125.0 131. 136.035.5 35.5 61.0 67.0 70.0 73.0 79.5 85.5 91.5 97. 103.5 109. 115.0 121. 127.5 133. 138.5

Note: 1 kcal/h = 1.163 W = 3.97 Bth/h


Temperature(oC)


27 51 57 60 63 70 76 83 89 95 102 108 114 121 127 13336.0 36. 62.0 68.0 71.0 74.0 81.0 87.0 93.0 99.0 105.0 111.0 117.0 123.0 130.0 135.0 141.036.5 36. 63.0 69.0 72.5 75.5 82.5 88.5 94.5 101.0 107.0 113.0 119.0 125.0 132.0 137.5 143.037.0 37. 64.0 70.0 74.0 77.0 84.0 90.0 96.0 103.0 109.0 115.0 121.0 127.0 134.0 140.0 145.037.5 37. 65.0 71.0 75.0 78.0 85.0 91.5 97.5 104.5 110.5 117.0 123.0 129.5 136.0 142.0 147.538.0 38. 66.0 72.0 76.0 79.0 86.0 93.0 99.0 106.0 112.0 119.0 125.0 132.0 138.0 144.0 150.038.5 39. 67.0 73.5 77.0 80.5 87.5 94.5 101.0 107.5 114.0 121.0 127.0 134.0 140.5 146.5 152.539.0 40. 68.0 75.0 78.0 82.0 89.0 96.0 103.0 109.0 116.0 123.0 129.0 136.0 143.0 149.0 155.039.5 40. 69.0 76.0 79.5 83.0 90.5 97.5 104.5 111.0 117.5 124.5 131.0 138.0 145.0 151.0 157.540.0 41. 70.0 77.0 81.0 84.0 92.0 99.0 106.0 113.0 119.0 126.0 133.0 140.0 147.0 153.0 160.040.5 41. 71.0 78.0 82.0 85.5 93.5 100.5 107.5 114.5 121.0 128.0 135.0 142.0 149.5 155.5 162.541.0 42. 72.0 79.0 83.0 87.0 95.0 102.0 109.0 116.0 123.0 130.0 137.0 144.0 152.0 158.0 165.041.5 42. 73.0 80.5 84.5 88.5 96.0 103.5 110.5 118.0 125.0 132.0 139.5 146.5 154.0 160.5 167.542.0 43. 74.0 82.0 86.0 90.0 97.0 105.0 112.0 120.0 127.0 134.0 142.0 149.0 156.0 163.0 170.042.5 44. 75.5 83.0 87.0 91.0 98.5 106.5 113.5 121.5 128.5 136.0 144.0 151.0 158.5 165.5 172.043.0 45. 77.0 84.0 88.0 92.0 100.0 108.0 115.0 123.0 130.0 138.0 146.0 153.0 161.0 168.0 174.043.5 45. 78.0 85.5 89.5 93.5 101.5 109.5 117.0 125.0 132.0 140.0 148.0 155.0 163.0 170.0 176.544.0 46. 79.0 87.0 91.0 95.0 103.0 111.0 119.0 127.0 134.0 142.0 150.0 157.0 165.0 172.0 179.044.5 46. 80.0 88.0 92.0 96.5 104.5 112.5 120.5 128.5 136.0 144.0 152.0 159.5 167.5 174.5 181.545.0 47. 81.0 89.0 93.0 98.0 106.0 114.0 122.0 130.0 138.0 146.0 154.0 162.0 170.0 177.0 184.045.5 48. 82.0 90.0 94.5 99.0 107.5 115.5 123.5 132.0 140.0 148.0 156.0 164.0 172.5 179.5 187.046.0 49. 83.0 91.0 96.0 100.0 109.0 117.0 125.0 134.0 142.0 150.0 158.0 166.0 175.0 182.0 190.046.5 49. 84.0 92.5 97.0 101.5 110.5 118.5 127.0 135.5 143.5 152.0 160.0 168.5 177.0 184.5 192.547.0 50. 85.0 94.0 98.0 103.0 112.0 120.0 129.0 137.0 145.0 154.0 162.0 171.0 179.0 187.0 195.047.5 50. 86.5 95.0 99.5 104.5 113.5 121.5 130.5 139.0 147.0 156.0 164.5 173.0 181.5 189.5 197.548.0 51. 88.0 96.0 101.0 106.0 115.0 123.0 132.0 141.0 149.0 158.0 167.0 175.0 184.0 192.0 200.048.5 51. 89.0 97.5 102.5 107.0 116.5 125.0 134.0 143.0 151.0 160.0 169.0 177.5 186.5 194.5 202.549.0 52. 90.0 99.0 104.0 108.0 118.0 127.0 136.0 145.0 153.0 162.0 171.0 180.0 189.0 197.0 205.049.5 53. 91.0 100.0 105.0 109.5 119.5 128.5 137.5 146.5 155.0 164.0 173.0 182.0 191.5 199.5 207.550.0 54. 92.0 101.0 106.0 111.0 121.0 130.0 139.0 148.0 157.0 166.0 175.0 184.0 194.0 202.0 210.050.5 54. 93.0 102.5 107.5 112.5 122.5 131.5 140.5 150.0 159.0 168.5 177.5 186.5 196.0 204.5 212.551.0 55. 94.0 104.0 109.0 114.0 124.0 133.0 142.0 152.0 161.0 171.0 180.0 189.0 198.0 207.0 215.051.5 55. 95.5 105.0 110.5 115.5 125.5 134.5 144.0 154.0 163.0 173.0 182.0 191.0 200.5 209.5 218.052.0 56. 97.0 106.0 112.0 117.0 127.0 136.0 146.0 156.0 165.0 175.0 184.0 193.0 203.0 212.0 221.052.5 57. 98.0 107.5 113.0 118.0 128.5 137.5 147.5 157.5 167.0 177.0 186.5 195.5 205.5 214.5 223.553.0 58. 99.0 109.0 114.0 119.0 130.0 139.0 149.0 159.0 169.0 179.0 189.0 198.0 208.0 217.0 226.053.5 58. 100.0 110.5 115.5 120.5 131.5 141.0 151.0 161.0 171.0 181.0 191.0 200.5 210.5 219.5 228.554.0 59. 101.0 112.0 117.0 122.0 133.0 143.0 153.0 163.0 173.0 183.0 193.0 203.0 213.0 222.0 231.054.5 60. 102.5 113.0 118.5 123.5 134.5 144.5 155.0 165.0 175.0 185.0 195.5 205.0 215.5 224.5 234.055.0 61. 104.0 114.0 120.0 125.0 136.0 146.0 157.0 167.0 177.0 187.0 198.0 207.0 218.0 227.0 237.055.5 61. 105.0 115.5 121.0 126.5 137.5 147.5 158.5 169.0 179.0 189.5 200.0 209.5 220.5 230.0 239.556.0 62. 106.0 117.0 122.0 128.0 139.0 149.0 160.0 171.0 181.0 192.0 202.0 212.0 223.0 233.0 242.056.5 62. 107.5 118.0 123.5 129.5 140.5 151.0 162.0 173.0 183.0 194.0 204.5 214.5 225.5 235.5 245.057.0 63. 109.0 119.0 125.0 131.0 142.0 153.0 164.0 175.0 185.0 196.0 207.0 217.0 228.0 238.0 248.057.5 64. 110.0 120.5 126.5 132.5 143.5 154.5 165.5 177.0 187.0 198.0 209.0 219.5 230.5 240.5 250.558.0 65. 111.0 122.0 128.0 134.0 145.0 156.0 167.0 179.0 189.0 200.0 211.0 222.0 233.0 243.0 253.058.5 65. 112.0 123.5 129.5 135.5 147.0 158.0 169.0 180.5 191.0 202.5 213.5 224.5 235.5 245.5 256.059.0 66. 113.0 125.0 131.0 137.0 149.0 160.0 171.0 182.0 193.0 205.0 216.0 227.0 238.0 248.0 259.059.5 67. 114.5 126.0 132.5 138.5 150.5 161.5 173.0 184.0 195.0 207.0 218.0 229.5 240.5 251.0 261.560.0 68. 116.0 127.0 134.0 140.0 152.0 163.0 175.0 186.0 197.0 209.0 220.0 232.0 243.0 254.0 264.060.5 68. 117.0 128.5 135.0 141.5 153.5 164.5 176.5 188.0 199.0 211.5 222.5 234.0 245.5 256.5 267.061.0 69. 118.0 130.0 136.0 143.0 155.0 166.0 178.0 190.0 201.0 214.0 225.0 236.0 248.0 259.0 270.061.5 69. 119.5 131.5 137.5 144.5 156.5 168.0 180.0 192.0 203.5 216.0 227.5 238.5 251.0 262.0 272.562.0 70. 121.0 133.0 139.0 146.0 158.0 170.0 182.0 194.0 206.0 218.0 230.0 241.0 254.0 265.0 275.062.5 71. 122.0 134.0 140.5 147.5 159.5 171.5 184.0 196.0 208.0 220.0 232.5 243.5 256.5 267.5 278.063.0 72. 123.0 135.0 142.0 149.0 161.0 173.0 186.0 198.0 210.0 222.0 235.0 246.0 259.0 270.0 281.063.5 72. 124.5 136.5 143.5 150.5 163.0 175.0 188.0 200.0 212.0 224.5 237.0 248.5 261.5 272.5 284.064.0 73. 126.0 138.0 145.0 152.0 165.0 177.0 190.0 202.0 214.0 227.0 239.0 251.0 264.0 275.0 287.064.5 74. 127.0 139.5 146.5 153.5 166.5 178.5 191.5 204.0 216.0 229.5 241.5 253.5 266.5 278.0 290.065.0 75. 128.0 141.0 148.0 155.0 168.0 180.0 193.0 206.0 218.0 232.0 244.0 256.0 269.0 281.0 293.065.5 75. 129.5 142.5 149.5 156.5 169.5 182.0 195.0 208.0 220.5 234.0 246.5 259.0 272.0 284.0 295.566.0 76. 131.0 144.0 151.0 158.0 171.0 184.0 197.0 210.0 223.0 236.0 249.0 262.0 275.0 287.0 298.066.5 77. 132.0 145.5 152.5 159.5 173.0 186.0 199.0 212.5 225.0 238.5 251.5 264.5 277.5 289.5 301.067.0 78. 133.0 147.0 154.0 161.0 175.0 188.0 201.0 215.0 227.0 241.0 254.0 267.0 280.0 292.0 304.067.5 78. 134.5 148.0 155.5 162.5 176.5 189.5 203.0 217.0 229.5 243.0 256.5 269.5 283.0 295.0 307.068.0 79. 136.0 149.0 157.0 164.0 178.0 191.0 205.0 219.0 232.0 245.0 259.0 272.0 286.0 298.0 310.068.5 80. 137.0 150.5 158.5 165.5 179.5 193.0 207.0 221.0 234.0 247.5 261.5 274.5 288.5 300.5 313.069.0 81. 138.0 152.0 160.0 167.0 181.0 195.0 209.0 223.0 236.0 250.0 264.0 277.0 291.0 303.0 316.069.5 81. 139.5 153.5 161.5 168.5 183.0 197.0 211.0 225.0 238.0 252.5 266.5 279.5 293.5 306.0 319.070.0 82. 141.0 155.0 163.0 170.0 185.0 199.0 213.0 227.0 240.0 255.0 269.0 282.0 296.0 309.0 322.070.5 83. 142.5 156.5 164.5 171.5 186.5 200.5 215.0 229.0 242.5 257.0 271.5 284.5 299.0 312.0 325.0Note: 1 kcal/h = 1.163 W = 3.97 Bth/h


Temperature(oC)


27 51 57 60 63 70 76 83 89 95 102 108 114 121 127 13371.0 84.0 144.0 158.0 166. 173.0 188. 202.0 217. 231.0 245. 259.0 274. 287.0 302. 315.0 328.071.5 84.5 145.0 159.5 167. 174.5 190. 204.0 219. 233.0 247. 261.5 276. 290.0 304. 318.0 331.072.0 85.0 146.0 161.0 169. 176.0 192. 206.0 221. 235.0 249. 264.0 279. 293.0 307. 321.0 334.072.5 86.0 147.5 162.5 170. 177.5 193. 208.0 223. 237.5 251. 266.5 281. 295.5 310. 323.5 337.073.0 87.0 149.0 164.0 172. 179.0 195. 210.0 225. 240.0 254. 269.0 284. 298.0 313. 326.0 340.073.5 87.5 150.5 165.5 173. 181.0 197. 211.5 227. 242.0 256. 271.5 286. 300.5 316. 329.0 343.074.0 88.0 152.0 167.0 175. 183.0 199. 213.0 229. 244.0 258. 274.0 289. 303.0 319. 332.0 346.074.5 89.0 153.0 168.0 176. 184.5 200. 215.0 231. 246.0 260. 276.5 291. 306.0 321. 335.0 349.075.0 90.0 154.0 169.0 178. 186.0 202. 217.0 233. 248.0 263. 279.0 294. 309.0 324. 338.0 352.075.5 90.5 155.5 170.5 179. 187.5 204. 219.0 235. 250.5 265. 281.0 296. 311.5 327. 341.0 355.076.0 91.0 157.0 172.0 181. 189.0 206. 221.0 237. 253.0 267. 283.0 299. 314.0 330. 344.0 358.076.5 92.0 158.5 173.5 182. 190.5 207. 223.0 239. 255.0 269. 285.5 301. 316.5 333. 347.0 361.077.0 93.0 160.0 175.0 184. 192.0 209. 225.0 241. 257.0 272. 288.0 304. 319.0 336. 350.0 364.077.5 94.0 161.0 176.5 185. 194.0 211. 227.0 243. 259.0 274. 290.5 306. 322.0 338. 353.0 367.578.0 95.0 162.0 178.0 187. 196.0 213. 229.0 245. 261.0 277. 293.0 309. 325.0 341. 356.0 371.078.5 95.5 163.5 179.5 188. 197.5 214. 230.5 247. 263.5 279. 295.5 311. 327.5 344. 359.0 374.079.0 96.0 165.0 181.0 190. 199.0 216. 232.0 249. 266.0 281. 298.0 314. 330.0 347. 362.0 377.079.5 97.0 166.5 182.5 191. 200.5 218. 234.0 251. 268.0 283. 300.5 317. 333.0 350. 365.0 380.080.0 98.0 168.0 184.0 193. 202.0 220. 236.0 253. 270.0 286. 303.0 320. 336.0 353. 368.0 383.090.0 114. 196.0 216.0 226. 236.0 257. 276.0 296. 316.0 335. 355.0 374. 393.0 413. 431.0 449.0Note: 1 kcal/h = 1.163 W = 3.97 Bth/h

Table A.18 Heat emissions of horizontal white steel tubes (kcal/h.m) (concluded).Over

Temperature(oC)


140 152 159 168 194 2191.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 4.010.0 33.0 36.0 37.0 39.0 45.0 50.020.0 73.0 79.0 82.0 87.0 98.0 109.030.0 118.0 127.0 132.0 139.0 157.0 175.040.0 167.0 180.0 187.0 196.0 222.2 247.050.0 219.0 237.0 246.0 258.0 292.0 325.060.0 276.0 297.0 309.0 324.0 367.0 409.070.0 336.0 363.0 376.0 395.0 447.0 499.080.0 400.0 432.0 448.0 471.0 533.0 594.090.0 468.0 505.0 525.0 551.0 624.0 696.0

Note: 1 kcal/h = 1.163 W = 3.97 Bth/h

Table A.19 Heat emissions of black hot water heating hoses (kcal/h.m).

Over Temperature(oC)

Hose Diameter (OD) (mm) Over Temperature(oC)

Hose Diameter (OD) (mm)15.5 19 25 15.5 19 25

41.0 25.0 29.0 34.0 61.0 40.0 45.0 53.041.5 25.5 29.5 34.5 61.5 40.0 45.5 53.542.0 26.0 30.0 35.0 62.0 40.0 46.0 54.042.5 26.5 30.0 35.5 62.5 40.5 46.5 54.543.0 27.0 30.0 36.0 63.0 41.0 47.0 55.043.5 27.0 30.5 36.5 63.5 41.5 47.5 55.544.0 27.0 31.0 37.0 64.0 42.0 48.0 56.044.5 27.5 31.5 37.0 64.5 42.5 48.5 56.545.0 28.0 32.0 37.0 65.0 43.0 49.0 57.045.5 28.5 32.5 37.5 65.5 43.0 49.0 57.546.0 29.0 33.0 38.0 66.0 43.0 49.0 58.046.5 29.0 33.5 38.5 66.5 43.5 49.5 58.547.0 29.0 34.0 39.0 67.0 44.0 50.0 59.047.5 29.5 34.5 39.5 67.5 44.5 50.5 59.548.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 68.0 45.0 51.0 60.048.5 30.5 35.0 40.5 68.5 45.5 51.5 60.549.0 31.0 35.0 41.0 69.0 46.0 52.0 61.049.5 31.5 35.5 41.5 69.5 46.0 52.5 61.550.0 32.0 36.0 42.0 70.0 46.0 53.0 62.050.5 32.0 36.5 42.5 70.5 46.5 53.5 62.551.0 32.0 37.0 43.0 71.0 47.0 54.0 63.051.5 32.5 37.5 43.5 71.5 47.5 54.5 63.552.0 33.0 38.0 44.0 72.0 48.0 55.0 64.052.5 33.5 38.0 44.5 72.5 48.5 55.5 64.553.0 34.0 38.0 45.0 73.0 49.0 56.0 65.053.5 34.0 38.5 45.5 73.5 49.0 56.0 65.554.0 34.0 39.0 46.0 74.0 49.0 56.0 66.054.5 34.5 39.5 46.5 74.5 49.5 56.5 66.555.0 35.0 40.0 47.0 75.0 50.0 57.0 67.055.5 35.5 40.5 47.5 75.5 50.5 57.5 67.556.0 36.0 41.0 48.0 76.0 51.0 58.0 68.056.5 36.5 41.5 48.5 76.5 51.5 58.5 68.557.0 37.0 42.0 49.0 77.0 52.0 59.0 69.057.5 37.0 42.5 49.5 77.5 52.5 59.5 69.558.0 37.0 43.0 50.0 78.0 53.0 60.0 70.058.5 37.5 43.5 50.5 78.5 53.0 60.5 70.559.0 38.0 44.0 51.0 79.0 53.0 61.0 71.059.5 38.5 44.0 51.5 79.5 53.5 61.5 71.560.0 39.0 44.0 52.0 80.0 54.0 62.0 72.060.5 39.5 44.5 52.5

Note: 1 kcal/h = 1.163 W = 3.97 Bth/h

Table A.20 Heat emissions of smooth floor heating polyethylene tubes (kcal/h.m).

Over Temperature(oC)

Hose Diameter (mm)25.0 OD x 19.6 ID 25.0 OD x 21.2 ID

1 1 12 1 13 2 24 3 35 3 36 4 47 5 58 6 69 6 710 7 711 8 812 9 913 10 1014 10 1115 11 1216 12 1317 13 1318 14 1419 15 1520 16 1621 17 1722 18 1823 18 1924 19 2025 20 2126 21 2227 22 2328 23 2429 24 2530 25 2631 26 2732 27 2833 28 2934 29 3035 30 3136 31 3237 32 3338 33 3539 34 3640 35 3741 36 3842 37 3943 38 4044 40 4145 41 4246 42 4347 43 4548 44 4649 45 4750 46 4851 47 4952 48 5053 49 5254 51 5355 52 5456 53 5557 54 5658 55 5859 56 5960 58 60

Note: 1 kcal/h = 1.163 W = 3.97 Bth/h

Table A.21 Piping table for central hot water heating pipes.

PipesOutside Diameter (mm) 21.3 26.9 31. 33.7 38.0 42.4 44.5 43.8 51.0 57.0 60.3 63.5 70.0 76.1 82.5 88.9Inside Diameter (mm) 17.3 22.2 27. 28.4 34.0 37.1 40.5 42.5 46.5 52.5 55.8 59.0 65.0 71.1 77.5 83.9Empty Weight (kg/m) 0.96 1.43 1.4 2.04 1.79 2.61 2.11 3.27 2.72 3.06 3.24 3.42 4.19 4.57 4.96 5.36Water Content (l/m) 0.24 0.39 0.6 0.63 0.91 1.08 1.29 1.42 1.70 2.16 2.46 2.73 3.32 3.97 4.72 5.53

Resistance (mm H2O/m) Top: Flow Rate (l/h); Bottom: Velocity (m/s)

0.50 520.06

1030.07

1910.09

2020.09

3300.10

4190.11

5310.11

6050.12

7720.13

1,071

0.14

1,2620.14

1,4670.15

1,903

0.16

2,4220.17

3,051

0.17

3,7740.19

0.60 580.07

1140.08

2110.10

2240.10

3660.11

4630.12

5880.13

6690.13

8530.14

1,184

0.15

1,3950.16

1,6210.16

2,102

0.18

2,6740.19

3,368

0.20

4,1650.21

0.70 630.07

1250.09

2300.11

2440.11

3980.12

5050.13

6400.14

7290.14

9290.15

1,288

0.17

15170.17

1,7630.18

2,286

0.19

2,9070.20

3,661

0.22

4,5260.23

0.80 680.08

1340.10

2480.11

2630.12

4290.13

5430.14

6880.15

7840.15

9990.16

1,385

0.18

1,6320.19

1,8950.19

2,457

0.21

3,1250.22

3,935

0.23

4,8630.24

0.90 730.09

1440.10

2650.12

2810.12

4580.14

5800.15

7340.16

8360.16

1,0660.17

1,477

0.19

1,7400.20

2,0200.21

2,619

0.22

3,3300.23

4,192

0.25

5,1810.26

1.00 770.09

1520.11

2810.13

2980.13

4850.15

6140.16

7780.17

8860.17

1,1290.18

1,564

0.20

1,8420.21

2,1390.22

2,772

0.23

3,5240.25

4,436

0.26

5,4820.28

1.10 810.10

1610.12

2960.14

3140.14

5110.16

6470.17

8200.18

9330.18

1,1890.19

1,647

0.21

1,9390.22

2,2520.23

2,918

0.24

3,7090.26

4,669

0.27

5,7690.29

1.20 850.10

1690.12

3110.14

3290.14

5360.16

6790.17

8590.19

9780.19

1,2460.20

1,726

0.22

2,0330.23

2,3600.24

3,058

0.26

3,8860.27

4,891

0.29

6,0430.30

1.30 890.11

1760.13

3250.15

3440.15

5600.17

7090.18

8980.19

1,022

0.20

1,3020.21

1,802

0.23

2,1220.24

2,4640.25

3,192

0.27

4,0560.28

5,105

0.30

6,3070.32

1.40 930.11

1840.13

3380.15

3590.16

5830.18

7380.19

9350.20

1,064

0.21

1,3550.22

1,876

0.24

2,2090.25

2,5640.26

3,322

0.28

4,2200.30

5,311

0.31

6,5600.33

1.50 970.11

1910.14

3520.16

3720.16

6060.19

7660.20

9700.21

1,105

0.22

1,4060.23

1,947

0.25

2,2920.26

2,6610.27

3,447

0.29

4,3790.31

5,510

0.32

6,8060.34

1.60 1000.12

1980.14

3640.17

3860.17

6270.19

7940.20

1,0050.22

1,144

0.22

1,4560.24

2,016

0.26

2,3730.27

2,7550.28

3,568

0.30

4,5320.32

5,702

0.34

7,0430.35

1.80 1070.13

2110.15

3880.18

4120.18

6690.20

8460.22

1,0710.23

1,219

0.24

1,5520.25

2,147

0.28

2,5280.29

2,9340.30

3,799

0.32

4,8260.34

6,071

0.36

7,4970.38

2.00 1140.13

2240.16

4120.19

4360.19

7080.22

8960.23

1,1340.24

1,290

0.25

1,6420.27

2,272

0.29

2,6740.30

3,1040.32

4,019

0.34

5,1040.36

6,420

0.38

7,9270.40

2.20 1200.14

2360.17

4330.20

4590.20

7460.23

9430.24

1,1930.26

1,358

0.27

1,7280.28

2,391

0.31

2,8140.32

3,2660.33

4,228

0.35

5,3690.38

6,752

0.38

83370.42

2.40 1260.15

2470.18

4550.21

4810.21

7820.24

9880.25

1,2510.27

1,423

0.28

1,8110.30

2,505

0.32

2,9480.33

3,4200.35

4,428

0.37

5,6220.39

7,070

0.42

8,7290.44

2.60 1310.16

2580.19

4750.22

5030.22

8160.25

1,032

0.27

1,3060.28

1,486

0.29

1,8900.31

2,614

0.34

3,0760.35

3,5690.36

4,620

0.39

5,8650.41

7,375

0.43

9,1050.46

2.80 1370.16

2690.19

4940.23

5230.23

8500.26

1,074

0.28

1,3590.29

1,546

0.30

1,9660.32

2,719

0.35

3,2000.36

3,7120.38

4,805

0.40

6,0990.43

7,669

0.45

9,4670.48

3.00 1420.17

2790.20

5130.23

5430.24

8820.27

1,114

0.29

1,4100.30

1,604

0.31

2,0400.33

2,821

0.36

3,3190.38

3,8510.39

4,983

0.42

6,3260.44

7,953

0.47

9,8170.49

3.40 1520.18

2990.21

5490.25

5810.25

9430.29

1,192

0.31

1,5070.32

1,715

0.34

2,1810.36

3,015

0.39

3,5470.40

4,1140.42

5,324

0.45

6,7570.47

8,494

0.50

10,4840.53

3.80 1620.19

3180.23

5830.27

6170.27

1,0010.31

1,265

0.32

1,5990.34

1,819

0.36

2,3130.38

3,198

0.41

3,7920.43

4,3630.44

5,645

0.47

7,1640.50

9,005

0.53

11,1130.56

4.20 1710.20

3360.24

6150.28

6520.29

1,0560.32

1,334

0.34

1,6870.36

1,919

0.38

2,4400.40

3,372

0.43

3,9660.45

4,6000.47

5,951

0.50

7,5510.53

9,490

0.56

11,7110.59

4.60 1800.21

3520.25

6460.30

6840.30

1,1090.34

1,400

0.36

1,7700.38

2,014

0.39

2,5600.42

3,537

0.45

4,1610.47

4,8260.49

6,242

0.52

7,9200.55

9,953

0.59

12,2810.62

Note: 1 mm H2O/m = 0.00328 ft H2O/m = 9.81 Pa/m

Table A.21 Piping table for central hot water heating pipes (continued).

PipesOutside Diameter (mm) 95.0 101.6 108.0 114.3 121.0 127.0 133.0 139.7 152.4 159.0 168.3 193.7 219.1 273.0 323.9Inside Diameter (mm) 89.5 96.1 102.5 108.8 115.0 121.0 127.0 133.7 146.4 153.0 161.3 185.7 211.1 265.0 313.9Empty Weight (kg/m) 6.30 6.75 7.18 7.61 8.79 9.23 9.68 10.18 11.12 11.62 14.32 18.83 21.35 26.70 39.57Water Content (l/m) 6.29 7.25 8.25 9.30 10.39 11.50 12.67 14.04 16.83 18.39 20.43 27.07 35.00 55.15 77.39


0.50 4,4860.20

5,4260.21

6,4450.22

7,5570.23

8,7600.23

10,0310.24

11,4100.25

13,083

0.26

16,6520.27

18,8210.28

21,5400.29

31,294

0.32

43,9420.35

80,1420.40

125,2640.45

0.60 4,9500.22

5,9860.23

7,1090.24

8,3340.25

9,6600.26

11,0600.27

12,5800.28

14,422

0.29

18,3530.30

20,6310.31

23,7340.32

34,472

0.35

48,3910.38

88,2150.44

137,8390.49

0.70 5,3790.24

6,5030.25

7,7220.26

9,0520.27

10,4910.28

12,0100.29

13,6590.30

15,657

0.31

19,9210.33

22,3920.34

25,7580.35

37,401

0.38

52,4910.42

95,6530.48

149,4220.54

0.80 5,7790.26

6,9860.27

8,2950.28

9,7220.29

11,2950.30

12,8960.31

14,6650.32

16,810

0.33

21,3840.35

24,0350.36

27,6450.38

40,133

0.41

56,3130.45

102,5870.45

160,2170.58

0.90 6,1550.27

7,4400.28

8,8330.30

10,352

0.31

11,9950.32

13,7300.33

15,6120.34

17,894

0.35

22,7600.38

25,5800.39

29,4200.40

42,702

0.44

59,9090.48

109,1070.55

170,3670.61

1.00 6,5120.29

7,8710.30

9,3430.31

10,949

0.33

12,6860.34

14,5200.35

16,5090.36

18,921

0.37

24,0640.40

27,0440.41

31,1020.42

45,135

0.46

63,3130.50

115,2800.58

179,9760.65

1.10 6,8520.30

8,2810.32

9,8300.33

11,518

0.34

13,3440.36

15,2720.37

17,3640.38

19,899

0.39

25,3060.42

28,4380.43

32,7030.44

47,452

0.49

66,5550.53

121,1560.61

189,1220.68

1.20 7,1780.32

8,6730.33

10,2950.35

12,062

0.36

13,9740.37

15,9920.39

18,1820.40

20,835

0.41

26,4930.44

29,7710.45

34,2350.47

49,668

0.51

69,6550.55

126,7750.64

197,8660.71

1.30 7,4900.33

9,0500.35

10,7420.36

12,585

0.38

14,5790.39

16,6830.40

18,9670.42

21,734

0.43

27,6330.46

31,0510.47

35,7050.49

51,795

0.53

72,6300.58

132,1670.67

206,2580.74

1.40 7,7910.34

9,4130.36

11,1720.38

13,088

0.39

15,1610.41

17,3490.42

19,7230.43

22,599

0.45

28,7310.47

32,2840.49

37,1210.50

53,843

0.55

75,4940.60

137,3580.69

214,3660.77

1.50 8,0820.36

9,7640.37

11,5870.39

13,574

0.41

15,7230.42

17,9920.43

20,4530.45

23,434

0.46

29,7920.49

33,4740.51

38,4880.52

55,820

0.57

78,2600.62

142,3700.72

222,1340.80

1.60 8,3630.37

10,1040.39

11,9900.40

14,045

0.42

16,2680.44

18,6140.45

21,1590.46

24,243

0.48

30,8180.51

34,6260.52

39,8110.54

57,733

0.59

80,9370.64

147,2190.74

229,6790.82

1.80 8,9020.39

10,7530.41

12,7590.43

14,945

0.45

17,3090.46

19,8040.48

22,5100.49

25,789

0.51

32,7800.54

36,8290.56

42,3400.58

61,391

0.63

86,0520.68

156,4880.79

244,1000.88

2.00 9,4120.42

11,3680.44

13,4880.45

15,797

0.47

18,2950.49

20,9310.51

23,7900.52

27,254

0.54

34,6370.57

38,9140.59

44,7350.61

64,854

0.67

90,8950.72

165,2600.83

257,7470.93

2.20 9,8970.44

11,9530.46

14,1810.48

16,609

0.50

19,2330.51

22,0040.53

25,0080.55

28,647

0.57

36,4050.60

40,8990.62

47,0150.64

68,150

0.70

95,5040.76

173,6060.87

270,7330.97

2.40 10,3620.46

12,5130.48

14,8450.50

17,385

0.52

20,1310.54

23,0290.56

26,1720.57

29,980

0.59

38,0960.63

42,7960.65

49,1940.67

71,301

0.73

99,9100.79

181,5880.91

283,1461.02

2.60 10,8080.48

13,0510.50

15,4820.52

18,130

0.54

20,9930.56

24,0140.58

27,2900.60

31,259

0.62

39,7190.66

44,6180.67

51,2860.70

74,325

0.76

104,1380.83

189,2450.95

295,0551.06

2.80 11,2370.50

13,5690.52

16,0950.54

18,847

0.56

21,8220.58

24,9620.60

28,3670.62

32,491

0.64

41,2810.68

46,3710.70

53,2990.72

77,236

0.79

108,2080.86

196,6150.99

306,5191.10

3.00 11,6520.51

14,0690.54

16,6870.56

19,539

0.58

22,6230.61

25,8770.63

29,4060.64

33,680

0.67

42,7890.71

48,0640.73

55,2430.75

80,046

0.82

112,1360.89

203,7291.03

317,5821.14

3.40 12,4420.55

15,0210.58

17,8160.60

20,859

0.62

24,1500.65

27,6220.67

31,3860.69

35,946

0.71

45,6630.75

51,2900.77

58,9470.80

85,400

0.88

119,6220.95

217,2821.09

338.6601.22

3.80 13,1880.58

15,9210.61

18,8810.64

22,105

0.66

25,5900.68

29,2670.71

33,2540.73

38,084

0.75

48,3740.80

54,3330.82

62,4410.85

90,451

0.93

126,6821.01

230,0641.16

358,5391.29

4.20 13,8960.61

16,7740.64

19,8920.67

23,287

0.70

26,9570.72

30,8300.74

350280.77

40,113

0.79

50,9480.84

57,2210.86

65,7580.89

95,244

0.98

133,3821.06

242,1941.22

377,4011.35

4.60 14,5710.64

17,5880.67

20,8560.70

24,415

0.73

28,2610.76

32,3200.78

36,7200.81

42,049

0.83

53,4030.88

59,9760.91

68,9210.94

99,816

1.02

139,7331.11

253,7631.28

395,3901.42



PipesOutside Diameter (mm) 21.3 26. 31.8 33.7 38.0 42.4 44.5 43.8 51.0 57.0 60.3 63.5 70.0 76.1 82.5 88.9Inside Diameter (mm) 17.3 22. 27.8 28.4 34.0 37.1 40.5 42.5 46.5 52.5 55.8 59.0 65.0 71.1 77.5 83.9Empty Weight (kg/m) 0.96 1.4 1.48 2.04 1.79 2.61 2.11 3.27 2.72 3.06 3.24 3.42 4.19 4.57 4.96 5.36Water Content (l/m) 0.24 0.3 0.61 0.63 0.91 1.08 1.29 1.42 1.70 2.16 2.46 2.73 3.32 3.97 4.72 5.53


5.00 1880.22

3690.26

6760.31

7150.31

1,1590.35

1,4640.38

1,8510.40

2,1050.41

2,6750.44

3,6960.47

4,3470.49

5,0420.51

6,5210.55

8,2730.58

10,3960.61

12,8270.64

5.50 1980.23

3880.28

7110.33

7530.33

1,2190.37

1,5400.40

1,9460.42

2,2140.43

2,8130.46

3,8870.50

4,5710.52

5,3010.54

6,8550.57

8,6960.61

10,9270.64

13,4800.68

6.00 2070.25

4070.29

7450.34

7890.35

1,2770.39

1,6130.41

2,0380.44

2,3180.45

2,9460.48

4,0680.52

4,7840.54

55480.56

7,1440.60

9,1000.64

11,4340.67

14,1050.71

6.50 2170.26

4250.30

7770.36

8230.36

1,3330.41

1,6820.43

2,1260.46

2,4180.47

3,0720.50

4,2430.54

4,9890.57

5,7850.59

7,4810.63

9,4880.66

11,9200.70

14,7040.74

7.00 2260.27

4420.32

8080.37

8560.38

1,3860.42

1,7500.45

2,2110.48

2,5140.49

3,1940.52

4,4110.57

5,1870.59

6,0140.61

7,7760.65

9,8620.69

12,3890.73

15,2810.77

7.50 2340.28

4580.33

8390.38

8880.39

1,4370.44

1,8150.47

2,2930.49

2,6070.51

3,3120.54

4,5730.59

5,3770.61

6,2350.63

8,0600.67

10,2220.72

12,8410.76

15,8380.80

8.00 2420.29

4750.34

8680.40

9190.40

1,4870.46

1,8770.48

2,3720.51

2,6970.53

3,4260.56

4,7300.61

5,5620.63

6,4480.66

8,3360.70

10,5710.74

13,2780.78

16,3770.82

8.50 2500.30

4900.35

8960.41

9490.42

1,5360.47

1,9380.50

2,4490.53

2,7840.55

3,5370.58

4,8830.63

5,7400.65

6,6550.68

8,6030.72

10,9090.76

13,7030.81

16,9000.85

9.00 2580.31

5050.36

9240.42

9780.43

1,5830.48

1,9970.51

2,5230.54

2,8690.56

3,6440.60

5,0310.65

5,9140.67

6,8570.70

8,8630.74

11,2380.79

14,1150.83

17,4070.87

9.50 2660.31

5200.37

9510.44

1,0070.44

1,6280.50

2,0550.53

2,5960.56

2,9510.58

3,7490.61

5,1750.66

6,0830.69

7,0520.72

9,1150.76

11,5570.81

14,5150.85

17,9010.90

10.00 2730.32

5350.38

9770.45

1,0340.51

1,6730.51

2,1110.54

2,6670.57

3,0320.59

3,8510.63

5,3150.68

6,2480.71

7,2430.74

9,3610.78

11,8640.83

14,9060.88

18,3830.92

10.50 2800.33

5490.39

1,0020.46

1,0610.47

1,7160.53

2,1660.56

2,7360.59

3,1100.61

3,9500.65

5,4520.70

6,4080.73

7,4290.75

9,6010.80

12,1720.85

15,2870.90

18,8510.95

11.00 2880.34

5620.40

1,0270.47

1,0880.48

1,7590.54

2,2190.60

2,8030.60

3,1860.62

4,0470.66

5,5850.72

6,5650.75

7,6110.77

9,8350.82

12,4690.87

15,6590.92

19,3090.97

11.50 2940.35

5760.41

1,0520.48

1,1140.49

1,8000.55

2,2720.58

2,8690.62

3,2610.64

4,1420.68

5,7160.73

6,7190.76

7,7880.79

10,0650.84

12,7590.89

16,0230.94

19,7570.99

12.00 3010.36

5890.42

1,0760.49

1,1390.50

1,8410.56

2,3230.60

2,9330.60

3,3350.65

4,2350.69

5,8440.75

6,8690.78

7,9620.81

10,2890.89

13,0430.91

16,3790.96

20,1951.01

13.00 3140.37

6140.44

1,1220.51

1,1880.52

1,9200.59

2,4220.62

3,0590.66

3,4770.68

4,4150.72

6,0920.78

7,1600.81

8,3000.84

10,7240.90

13,5940.95

17,0691.01

21,0461.06

14.00 3270.39

6390.46

1,1670.53

1,2350.54

1,9960.61

2,5180.65

3,1790.69

3,6140.71

4,5890.75

6,3310.81

7,4400.85

8,6240.88

11,1430.93

14,1240.99

17,7341.04

21,8641.10

15.00 3390.40

6630.48

1,2100.55

1,2810.56

2,0690.63

2,6100.67

3,2960.71

3,7460.73

4,7560.78

6,5610.84

7,7110.88

8,9380.91

11,5470.97

14,6361.02

18,3761.08

22,6541.14

16.00 3510.41

6860.49

1,2510.57

1,3250.58

2,1400.65

2,7000.69

3,4080.73

3,8740.76

4,9180.80

6,7840.87

7,9730.91

9,2410.94

11,9381.00

15,1311.06

18,9961.12

23,4191.18

17.00 3630.43

7080.51

1,2920.59

1,3670.60

2,2090.68

2,7860.72

3,5170.76

3,9980.78

5,0750.83

7,0010.90

8,2270.93

9,5350.97

12,3171.03

15,6101.09

19,5981.15

24,1591.21

18.00 3740.44

7300.52

1,3310.61

1,4090.62

2,2760.70

2,8700.74

3,6230.78

4,1180.81

5,2280.86

7,2110.93

8,4730.96

9,8201.00

12,6861.06

16,0771.12

20,1821.19

24,8791.25

19.00 3850.45

7510.54

1,3690.63

1,4490.64

2,3410.72

2,9520.76

3,7270.80

4,2350.83

5,3760.88

7,4150.95

8,7130.99

10,098

1.03

13,0441.09

16,5301.16

20,7511.22

25,5791.29

20.00 3950.47

7710.55

1,4060.64

1,4890.65

2,4040.74

3,0320.78

3,8270.83

4,3490.85

5,5210.90

7,6140.98

8,9471.02

10,368

1.05

13,3931.12

16,9711.19

21,3041.25

26,2611.32



PipesOutside Diameter (mm) 95.0 101.6 108.0 114.3 121.0 127.0 133.0 139.7 152.4 159.0 168.3 193.7 219.1 273.0 323.9Inside Diameter (mm) 89.5 96.1 102.5 108.8 115.0 121.0 127.0 133.7 146.4 153.0 161.3 185.7 211.1 265.0 313.9Empty Weight (kg/m) 6.30 6.75 7.18 7.61 8.79 9.23 9.68 10.18 11.12 11.62 14.32 18.83 21.35 26.70 39.57Water Content (l/m) 6.29 7.25 8.25 9.30 10.39 11.50 12.67 14.04 16.83 18.39 20.43 27.07 35.00 55.15 77.39


5.00 15,2190.67

18,3690.70

21,7800.73

25,4950.76

29,5110.79

33,740.82

38,3400.84

43,9030.87

55,7540.92

62,6150.95

71,9510.98

104,195

1.07

145,8931.16

264,8411.33

412,6151.48

5.50 15,9930.71

19,3020.74

22,8850.77

26,7870.80

31,0050.83

35,4540.86

40,2780.88

46,1200.91

58,5650.97

65,7700.99

75,5731.03

109,430

1.12

153,2111.22

278,0861.40

433,2101.55

6.00 16,7330.74

20.1940.77

23,9410.81

28,0230.84

32,4330.87

37,0860.90

42,1300.92

48,2390.95

61,2531.01

68,7861.04

79,0361.07

114,434

1.17

160,2051.27

290,7441.46

452,8911.63

6.50 17,4430.77

21,0500.81

24,9550.84

29,2080.87

33,8040.90

38,6520.93

43,9080.96

50,2720.99

63,8311.05

71,6801.08

82,3581.12

119,235

1.22

166,9141.32

302,8871.53

471,7721.69

7.00 18,1270.80

21,8740.84

25,9310.87

30,3490.91

35,1230.94

40,1590.97

45,6181.00

52,2301.03

66,3131.09

74,4651.13

85,5561.16

123,856

1.27

173,3721.38

314,5741.58

489,9411.76

7.50 18,7860.83

22,6690.87

26,8730.90

31,4500.94

36,3960.97

41,6141.01

47,2701.04

54,1191.07

68,7081.13

77,1531.17

88,6421.20

128,315

1.32

179,6041.43

325,8521.64

507,4751.82

8.00 19,4250.86

23,4380.90

27,7840.94

32,5150.97

37,6281.01

43,0211.04

48,8671.07

55,9461.11

71,0251.17

79,7531.20

91,6271.25

132,628

1.36

185,6321.47

338,7611.70

524,4361.88

8.50 20,0440.88

24,1840.93

28,6670.97

33,5481.00

38,8221.04

44,3851.07

50,4161.11

57,7181.14

73,2711.21

82,2741.24

94,5211.28

136,810

1.40

191,4761.52

347,3361.75

540,8761.94

9.00 20,6450.91

24,9090.95

29,5250.99

34,5511.03

39,9821.07

45,7101.10

51,9191.14

59,4381.18

75,4531.25

84,7221.28

97,3321.32

140,871

1.44

197,1511.56

357,6051.80

556,8402.00

9.50 21,2300.94

25,6140.98

30,3601.02

35,5271.06

41,1101.10

46,9991.14

53,3821.17

61,1121.21

77,5751.28

87,1031.32

100,0661.36

144,821

1.49

202,6711.61

367,5931.85

572,3682.05

10.00 21,8000.96

26,3001.01

31,1731.05

36,4771.09

42,2091.13

48,2551.17

54,8081.20

62,7421.24

79,6421.31

89,4231.35

102,7291.40

148,668

1.52

208,0481.65

377,3231.90

587,4942.11

10.50 22,3550.99

26,9701.03

31,9661.08

37,4051.12

43,2811.16

49,4801.20

56,1981.23

64,3331.27

81,6581.35

91,6851.39

105,3271.43

152,421

1.56

213,2921.69

386,8131.95

602,2472.16

11.00 22,8981.01

27,6241.06

32,7401.10

38,3101.14

44,3281.19

50,6761.22

57,5561.26

65,8861.30

83,6271.38

93,8951.42

107,8641.47

156,087

1.60

218,4141.73

396,0801.99

616,6532.21

11.50 23,4291.03

28,2641.08

33,4981.13

39,1961.17

45,3521.21

51,8451.25

58,8831.29

67,4041.33

85,5521.41

96,0551.45

110,3441.50

159,670

1.64

223,4211.77

405,1402.04

630,7372.26

12.00 23,9481.06

28,8901.11

34,2391.15

40,0621.20

46,3541.24

52,9901.28

60,1821.32

68,8901.36

87,4361.44

98,1691.48

112,7711.53

163,176

1.67

228,8211.81

414,0052.09

644,5182.31

13.00 24,9561.10

30,1041.15

35,6761.20

41,7431.25

48,2971.29

55,2101.33

62,7011.37

71,7711.42

91,0901.50

102,2701.55

117,4781.60

169,977

1.74

237,8241.89

431,1992.17

671,2472.41

14.00 25,9261.14

31,2721.20

37,0601.25

43,3601.30

50,1671.34

57,3461.39

65,1261.43

74,5461.47

94,6071.56

106,2161.60

122,0081.66

176,521

1.81

246,9691.96

447,7462.26

696,9682.50

15.00 26,8621.19

32,4001.24

38,3951.29

44,9211.34

51,9721.39

59,4081.44

67,4661.48

77,2231.53

98,0001.62

110,0241.66

126,3801.72

182,837

1.88

255,7942.03

463,7122.34

721,7872.59

16.00 27,7671.23

33,4911.28

39,6871.34

46,4311.39

53,7171.44

61,4021.48

69,7301.53

79,8121.58

101,2831.67

113,7071.72

130,6091.78

188,946

1.94

264,3302.10

479,1562.41

745,7942.68

17.00 28,6441.26

34,5481.32

40,9391.38

47,8951.43

55,4101.48

63,3351.53

71,9241.58

82,3221.63

104,4651.72

117,2781.77

134,7081.83

194,867

2.00

272,6042.16

494,1252.49

769,0622.76

18.00 29,4971.30

35,5751.36

42,1551.42

49,3171.47

57,0531.53

65,2131.58

74,0541.62

84,7591.68

107,5551.77

120,7451.82

138,6881.89

200,618

1.89

280,6392.23

508,6612.56

791,6572.84

19.00 30,3261.34

36,5741.40

43,3381.46

50,6991.51

58,6521.57

67,0391.62

76,1271.67

87,1301.72

110,5601.85

124,1181.88

142,5601.94

206,211

2.11

288,4542.29

522,7992.63

813,6332.92

20.00 31,1331.37

37,5481.44

44,4901.50

52,0461.56

60,2091.61

68,8171.66

78,1461.71

89,4401.77

113,4881.87

127,4031.92

146,3311.99

211,659

2.17

296,0662.35

536,5702.70

835,0403.00



PipesOutside Diameter (mm) 21.3 26.9 31.8 33.7 38.0 42.4 44.5 43.8 51.0 57.0 60.3 63.5 70.0 76.1 82.5 88.9Inside Diameter (mm) 17.3 22.2 27.8 28.4 34.0 37.1 40.5 42.5 46.5 52.5 55.8 59.0 65.0 71.1 77.5 83.9Empty Weight (kg/m) 0.96 1.43 1.48 2.04 1.79 2.61 2.11 3.27 2.72 3.06 3.24 3.42 4.19 4.57 4.96 5.36Water Content (l/m) 0.24 0.39 0.61 0.63 0.91 1.08 1.29 1.42 1.70 2.16 2.46 2.73 3.32 3.97 4.72 5.53


22.00 4160.49

8110.58

1,4780.68

1,565

0.69

2,5260.77

3,1860.82

4,0210.87

4,5690.89

5,8000.95

7,9981.03

9,3971.07

10,890

1.11

14,0651.18

17,8231.25

22,3721.32

27,5751.39

24.00 4350.51

8490.61

1,5470.71

1,637

0.72

2,6430.81

3,3330.86

4,2060.91

4,7800.94

6,0660.99

8,3651.07

9,8281.12

11,389

1.16

14,7081.23

18,6371.30

23,3921.38

28,8311.45

26.00 4540.54

8850.63

1,6130.74

1,707

0.75

2,7550.84

3,4740.89

4,3840.95

4,9810.98

6,3221.03

8,7171.12

10,2411.16

11,867

1.21

15,3251.28

19,4171.36

24,3711.44

30,0361.51

28.00 4720.56

9200.66

1,6760.77

1,774

0.78

2,8630.88

3,6100.93

4,5550.98

5,1761.01

6,5681.07

9,0551.16

10,6391.21

12,327

1.25

15,9191.33

20,1691.41

25,3131.49

31,1961.57

30.00 4890.58

9540.68

1,7370.79

1,839

0.81

2,9670.91

3,7410.96

47201.02

5,3631.05

6,8061.11

9,3821.20

11,0221.25

12,772

1.30

16,4921.38

20,8941.46

26,2221.54

32,3151.62

32.00 5060.60

9860.71

1,7960.82

1,901

0.83

3,0680.94

3,8670.99

4,8801.05

5,5451.09

7,0361.15

9,6981.24

11,3941.29

13,201

1.34

17,0461.43

21,5951.51

27,1011.60

33,3981.68

34.00 5220.62

1,0180.73

1,8540.85

1,962

0.86

3,1650.97

3,9901.03

5,0351.09

5,2701.12

7,2581.19

10,0051.28

11,7531.34

13,618

1.38

17,5841.47

22,2751.56

27,9531.65

34,4471.73

36.00 5380.64

1,0490.75

1,9090.87

2,021

0.89

3,2601.00

4,1101.06

5,1851.12

5,8911.15

7,4751.22

10,3031.32

12,1031.37

14,023

1.42

18,1051.52

22,9351.60

28,7811.69

35,4671.78

38.00 5540.65

1,0780.77

1,9640.90

2,078

0.91

3,3531.03

4,2261.09

5,3311.15

6,0571.19

7,6851.26

10,5921.36

12,4431.41

14,416

1.46

18,6131.56

23,5771.65

29,5861.74

36,4581.83

40.00 5690.67

1,1080.79

2,0160.92

2,134

0.94

3,4421.05

4,3391.11

5,4741.18

6,2191.22

7,8901.29

10,8741.40

12,7741.45

14,800

1.50

19,1071.60

24,2031.69

30,3701.79

37,4241.88

45.00 6050.71

1,1770.84

2,1430.98

2,268

0.99

3,6581.12

4,6101.18

5,8151.25

6,6071.29

8,3811.37

11,5501.48

13,5671.54

15,718

1.60

20,2921.70

25,7021.80

32,2491.90

39,7372.00

50.00 6390.76

1,2440.89

2,2631.04

2,395

1.05

3,8621.18

4,8661.25

6,1381.32

6,9731.37

8,8461.45

12,1901.56

14,3181.63

16,587

1.69

21,4121.79

27,1201.90

34,0272.00

41,9252.11

55.00 6720.79

1,3060.94

2,3771.09

2,515

1.10

4,0551.24

5,1101.31

6,4461.39

7,3221.43

9,2881.52

12,7981.64

15,0321.71

17,414

1.77

22,4781.88

28,4681.99

35,7182.10

44,0072.21

60.00 7030.83

1,3660.98

2,4861.14

2,631

1.15

4,2411.30

5,3441.37

6,7391.45

7,6561.50

9,7111.59

13,3791.72

15,7141.78

18,204

1.85

23,4971.97

29,7572.08

37,3332.20

45,9962.31

65.00 7320.87

1,4241.02

2,5901.19

2,741

1.20

4,4181.35

5,5671.43

7,0211.51

7,9761.56

10,1161.65

13,9371.79

16,3691.86

18,961

1.93

24,4742.05

30,9942.17

38,8832.29

47,9042.41

70.00 7610.90

1,4801.06

2,6911.23

2,848

1.25

4,5901.40

5,7831.49

7,2921.57

8,2841.62

10,5061.72

14,4741.86

16,9991.93

19,691

2.00

25,4142.13

32,1832.25

40,3752.38

49,7402.50

80.00 8150.96

1,5851.14

2,8821.32

3,050

1.34

4,9141.50

6,1911.59

7,8071.68

8,8681.74

11,2471.84

15,4921.99

18,1942.07

21,075

2.14

27,1992.28

34,4422.41

43,2062.54

53,2262.67

90.00 8671.02

1,6841.21

3,0611.40

3,240

1.42

5,2191.60

6,5751.69

8,2911.79

9,4171.84

11,9421.95

16,4502.11

19,3172.19

22,375

2.27

28,8762.42

36,5632.56

45,8652.70

56,5002.84

100.00914 1,776 3,227 3,41

55,501 6,930 8,738 9,924 12,584 17,333 20,354 23,57

530,423 38,521 48,319 59,521

1.08 1.28 1.48 1.50 1.69 1.78 1.89 1.94 2.06 2.23 2.31 2.40 2.55 2.70 2.85 2.99

110.00 9611.14

1,8671.34

3,3921.55

3,590

1.57

5,7831.77

7,2841.87

9,1841.98

10,431

2.04

13,2262.16

18,2162.34

21,3912.43

24,775

2.52

31,9702.68

40,4792.83

50,7732.99

62,5423.14

120.001,004 1,951 3,544 3,75

06,040 7,608 9,592 10,89

413,812 19,022 22,337 25,87

133,383 42,266 53,013 65,300

1.19 1.40 1.62 1.64 1.85 1.96 2.07 2.13 2.26 2.44 2.54 2.63 2.80 2.96 3.12 3.28

130.00 1,0471.24

2,0341.46

3,6951.69

3,910

1.71

6,2971.93

7,9312.04

9,9992.16

11,356

2.22

14,3982.36

19,8282.54

23,2832.64

26,966

2.74

34,7952.91

44,0523.08

55,2533.25

68,0573.42

140.00 1,0881.29

2,1121.52

3,8371.76

4,060

1.78

6,5392.00

8,2362.12

10,3822.24

11,792

2.31

14,9502.45

20,5882.64

24,1742.75

27,998

2.84

36,1353.02

45,7363.20

57,3633.38

70,6553.55


Table A.21 Piping table for central hot water heating pipes (concluded).

PipesOutside Diameter (mm) 95.0 101.6 108.0 114.3 121.0 127.0 133.0 139.7 152.4 159.0 168.3 193.7 219.1 273.0Inside Diameter (mm) 89.5 96.1 102.5 108.8 115.0 121.0 127.0 133.7 146.4 153.0 161.3 185.7 211.1 265.0Empty Weight (kg/m) 6.30 6.75 7.18 7.61 8.79 9.23 9.68 10.18 11.12 11.62 14.32 18.83 21.35 26.70Water Content (l/m) 6.29 7.25 8.25 9.30 10.39 11.50 12.67 14.04 16.83 18.39 20.43 27.07 35.00 55.15


22.0032,69

11.44

39,4241.51

46,711

1.57

54,6431.63

63,2111.69

72,2471.75

82,0381.80

93,8921.86

119,1321.97

133,736

2.02

153,6022.09

222,1612.28

310,7402.47

563,1182.84

24.0034,14

941,181 48,79

157,074 66,022 75,458 85,682 98,060 124,416 139,66

5157,908 231,993 324,477 587,969

1.51 1.58 1.64 1.71 1.77 1.83 1.88 1.94 2.06 2.11 2.18 2.38 2.58 2.97

26.0035,60

61.57

42,9371.64

50,870

1.71

59,5051.78

68,8321.84

78,6681.90

89,3251.96

102,2282.02

129,6992.14

145,594

2.20

162,2142.27

241,8242.48

338,2142.68

612,8193.09

28.0036,95

644,563 52,79

661,756 71,434 81,640 92,699 106,087 134,591 151,08

3171,015 250,926 350,931 635,823

1.63 1.71 1.78 1.85 1.91 1.97 2.04 2.10 2.22 2.29 2.36 2.58 2.79 3.21

30.0038,30

61.69

46,1891.77

54,721

1.84

64,0071.91

74,0361.98

84,6122.04

96,0722.11

109,9452.18

139,4822.30

156,571

2.37

179,8152.44

260,0272.67

363,6472.89

658,8273.32

32.0039,56

947,711 56,52

266,113 76,470 87,393 99,228 113,555 144,058 161,70

6185,709 268,541 375,542 680,344

1.75 1.83 1.90 1.98 2.05 2.11 2.18 2.25 2.38 2.45 2.52 2.76 2.98 3.43

34.0040,83

11.80

49,2321.89

58,323

1.96

68,2182.04

78,9042.11

90,1732.18

102,3832.25

117,1642.32

148,6332.45

166,840

2.52

191,6032.60

277,0542.84

387,4363.07

701,8613.53

36.0042,02

250,667 60,02

270,203 81,199 92,795 105,359 120,568 152,947 171,68

1197,160 285,081 398,651 722,147

1.86 1.95 2.02 2.10 2.17 2.24 2.32 2.39 2.53 2.60 2.68 2.93 3.16 3.64

38.0043,21

21.91

52,1012.00

61,720

2.08

72,1882.16

83,4942.23

95,4162.30

108,3342.38

123,9712.45

157,2612.60

176,521

2.67

202,7162.76

293,1073.01

409,8653.25

742,4323.74

40.0045,15

454,441 61,99

075,426 87,237 99,692 113,187 129,521 164,297 184,41

6211,779 306,197 428,154 775,515

2.00 2.09 2.17 2.26 2.33 2.41 2.49 2.56 2.72 2.79 2.88 3.14 3.40 3.91

45.0047,09

62.08

56,7802.17

62,260

2.26

78,6642.35

90,9802.43

103,9682.51

118,0392.59

135,0712.67

171,3332.83

192,310

2.91

220,8423.00

319,2873.27

446,4423.54

808,5974.07

50.0049,62

559,827 68,36

782,881 95,855 109,536 124,358 142,299 180,495 202,59

0232,643 336,332 470,256 851,673

2.19 2.29 2.39 2.48 2.56 2.65 2.73 2.82 2.98 3.07 3.16 3.45 3.73 4.29

55.0052,15

42.30

62,8742.41

74,474

2.51

87,0972.60

100,7292.69

115,1032.78

130,6762.87

149,5272.96

189,6563.13

212,870

3.22

244,4433.32

353,3773.62

494,0703.92

894,7494.51

60.0054,46

265,655 77,76

690,945 105,178 120,185 136,443 156,123 198,017 222,25

2255,213 368,932 515,803 934,059

2.41 2.52 2.62 2.72 2.81 2.91 3.00 3.09 3.27 3.36 3.47 3.78 4.10 4.71

65.0056,77

02.51

68,4362.62

81,058

2.73

94,7932.83

109,6262.93

125,2663.03

142,2093.12

162,7193.22

206,3783.41

231,634

3.50

265,9823.62

384,4873.94

537,5354.27

973,3694.90

70.0059,92

272,233 85,55

3100,047 115,700 132,204 150,083 171,725 217,794 244,44

4280,686 405,725 567,207

2.65 2.77 2.88 2.99 3.10 3.20 3.29 3.40 3.65 3.70 3.82 4.16 4.51 5.17

80.0063,07

32.78

76,0302.91

90,048

3.03

105,3013.15

121,7743.26

139,1413.36

157,9573.46

180,7313.58

229,2103.89

257,253

3.89

295,3904.02

426,9634.38

596,8784.74 5.44

90.0066,84

680,576 45,02

4111,591 129,045 147,447 167,383 191,512 242,876 272,58

7312,992 452,386 632,396

2.95 3.09 3.21 3.34 3.46 3.56 3.67 3.79 4.06 4.12 4.26 4.64 5.02 5.77

100.0070,61

93.12

85,1213.26 3.39

117,8813.52

136,3163.65

155,7523.76

176,8083.88

202,2934.00

256,5414.23

287,920

4.35

330,5934.49

477,8094.90

667,9135.30 6.09


Table A.22 Boiler room piping table for central hot water heating.

PipesOutside Diameter (mm) 273.0 323.9 355.6 406.4 457.0 508.0 609.6 762.0Inside Diameter (mm) 265.0 312.7 342.8 393.6 444.2 494.2 590.6 743.0Empty Weight (kg/m) 26.70 44.24 55.47 63.54 71.57 85.81 141.49 177.42Water Content (l/m) 55.15 76.80 92.29 121.67 154.97 191.82 273.95 433.58


1.00 115,280

0.58

178,1730.64

226,8380.68

326,0280.74

447,6980.80

592,0410.86

943,8310.96

1,179,6291.10

1.20 126,775

0.64

195,8850.71

249,3520.75

358,3120.82

491,9440.88

650,4560.94

1,036,7171.05

1.888,3391.21

1.40 137,358

0.69

212,1920.77

270,0770.81

388,0270.89

532,6670.95

704,2171.02

1,122,1901.14

2,043,5701.31

1.60 147,219

0.74

227,3820.82

289,3830.87

415,7060.95

570,5961.02

754,2861.09

1,201,7891.22

2,188,1181.40

1.80 156,488

0.79

241,6590.87

307,5270.93

441,7171.01

606,2381.09

801,3341.16

1,276,5801.29

2,323,9261.49

2.00 165,260

0.83

255,1700.92

324,6980.98

466,3311.06

639,9631.15

845,8511.22

1,347,3431.37

2,452,4121.57

2.20 173,608

0.87

268,0270.97

341,0361.03

489,7501.12

672,0511.20

888,2061.29

1,414,6661.43

2,574,6461.65

2.40 181,588

0.91

280,3171.01

356,6521.07

512,1351.17

702,7201.26

928,6861.34

1,479,0071.50

2,691,4611.72

2.60 189,245

0.95

292,1081.06

371,6361.12

533,6111.22

732,1431.31

967,5211.40

1,540,7311.56

2,803,5211.80

3.00 203,729

1.03

314,4111.14

399,9751.20

574,2281.31

787,7901.41

1,040,9661.51

1,657,4591.68

3,015,4291.93

3.40 217,282

1.09

335,2801.21

426,4911.28

612,2311.40

839,8531.51

1,109,6781.61

1,766,6611.79

3,213,6642.06

3.80 230,064

1.16

354,9611.28

451,4971.36

648,0691.48

888,9471.59

1,174,4711.70

1,869,6291.90

3,400,5762.18

4.00 236,205

1.19

364,4151.32

463,5091.40

665,2821.52

912,5281.64

1,205,5911.75

1,919,0851.95

3,490,3472.24

4.50 250,909

1.26

387,0681.40

492,2911.48

706,5291.61

969,0301.74

1,280,1591.85

2,037,5812.07

3,705,4362.37

5.00 264,841

1.33

408,5011.48

519,5211.56

745,5501.70

1,022,482

1.83

1,350,7001.96

2,149,6762.18

3,908,8982.50

5.50 278,086

1.40

428,8901.55

545,4261.64

782,6711.79

1,073,331

1.92

1,417,8032.05

2,256,3062.29

4,102,4382.63

6.00 290,744

1.46

448,3771.62

570,1821.72

818,1461.87

1,121,923

2.01

1,481,9292.15

2,358,2022.39

4,287,3792.75

6.50 302,887

1.53

467,0691.69

593,9301.79

852,1751.95

1,168,536

2.09

1,543,4402.24

2,455,9432.49

4,464,7752.86

7.00 314,574

1.58

485,0591.75

616,7841.86

884,9232.02

1,213,392

2.17

1,602,6342.32

2,549,9992.59

4,635,4812.97

8.00 336,761

1.70

519,2111.88

660,1711.99

947,0912.16

1,298,545

2.33

1,715,0032.48

2,728,5442.77

4,959,5243.18

9.00 357,605

1.80

551,2931.99

700,9282.11

1,005,4902.30

1,378,533

2.47

1,820,5552.64

2,896,2562.94

5,363,8993.37

10.00 377,323

1.90

581,6432.10

739,4832.23

1,060,7322.42

1,454,198

2.61

1,920,4002.78

3,054,8963.10

5,551,8053.56


Table A.23 Flow rates versus flow resistances of hot water heating hoses at 80oC.

Hose Diameter (mm)25.5 OD x 15.5 ID 29.0 OD x 19.0 ID 35.0 OD x 25.0 ID

Empty Weight 0.34 0.40 0.50Water Content (l/m) 0.19 0.28 0.49

Resistance(mm H2O/m)

Top: Flow Rate (l/h)Bottom: Velocity (m/s)



4.00 1230.18

2150.21

4500.25

6.00 1540.23

2670.26

5600.32

8.00 1800.27

3120.31

6530.37

10.00 2030.30

3520.34

7350.42

12.00 2240.33

3880.38

8100.46

14.00 2430.36

4210.41

8780.50

16.00 2610.38

4520.44

9420.53

18.00 2780.41

4810.47

1,0020.57

20.00 2940.43

5080.50

1,0590.60

24.00 3240.48

5590.55

1,1650.66

28.00 3510.52

6070.59

1,2630.71

32.00 3770.55

6510.64

1,3540.77

36.00 4010.59

6920.68

1,4390.81

40.00 4240.62

7310.72

1,5200.86

45.00 4510.66

7770.76

1,6160.91

50.00 4760.70

8210.80

1,7060.97

55.00 5010.74

8630.85

1,7921.01

60.00 5240.77

9020.88

1,8751.06

70.00 5670.84

9770.96

2,0301.15

80.00 6080.90

1,0471.03

2,1741.23

90.00 6460.95

1,1131.09

2,3091.31

100.0 6821.00

1,1751.15

2,4381.38


Table A.24 Flow rates versus flow resistances of floor heating polyethylene tubes at 35oC.

Hose Diameter (mm)25.0 OD x 19.6 ID 25.0 OD x 21.2 ID

Empty Weight (kg/m) 0.18 0.13Water Content (l/m) 0.30 0.35

Resistance(mm H2O/m)



2.00 1490.14

1850.15

3.00 1890.17

2340.18

4.00 2230.21

2760.22

5.00 2530.23

3140.25

6.00 2810.26

3480.27

7.00 3070.28

3800.30

8.00 3310.31

4100.32

9.00 3540.33

4390.35

10.00 3760.35

4660.37

11.00 3970.37

4910.39

12.00 4170.38

5160.41

13.00 4360.40

5400.42

14.00 4550.42

5630.44

15.00 4730.44

5850.46

16.00 4900.45

6070.48

17.00 5070.47

6280.49

18.00 5240.48

6480.51

19.00 5400.50

6680.53

20.00 5560.51

6870.54

22.00 5860.54

6750.57

24.00 6150.57

7610.60

26.00 6430.59

7950.63


Table A.25 Flow resistances of loops with fixed steel pipe and hot water heating hose connections (mm H2O/m).

Flow(liter/h)

Tubing/Pipe Fixed Connections Hose Connections57 51 45 38 32 ¾” ½” S.R.* ¾” S.R.* 1” S.R.* 15. S.R.* 19 S.R.* 25 S.R.*mm mm mm mm mm ID ID ID ID mm mm mm

260 0.0 0.06 0.13 0.30 0.8 2.6 9.1 21.2 2.6 7.8 0.8 2.9 14. 87.3 5.3 31.7 1.3 9.3280 0.0 0.07 0.15 0.35 1.0 3.0 10.5 24.6 3.0 9.1 0.9 3.4 16. 101.2 6.1 36.8 1.5 10.8300 0.0 0.08 0.17 0.40 1.1 3.4 11.9 28.3 3.4 10.4 1.0 3.9 19. 116.0 6.9 42.2 1.7 12.4320 0.0 0.10 0.19 0.45 1.2 3.8 13.5 32.2 3.8 11.9 1.1 4.4 21. 131.9 7.8 48.0 2.0 14.1340 0.0 0.11 0.21 0.50 1.4 4.3 15.1 36.3 4.3 13.4 1.3 5.0 24. 148.8 8.7 54.1 2.2 15.9360 0.0 0.12 0.23 0.56 1.5 4.8 16.8 40.7 4.8 15.0 1.4 5.6 27. 166.7 9.7 60.6 2.5 17.9380 0.0 0.13 0.26 0.62 1.7 5.3 18.6 45.4 5.3 16.7 1.5 6.2 30. 185.6 10.8 67.5 2.7 19.9400 0.0 0.15 0.28 0.68 1.9 5.8 20.5 50.3 5.8 18.5 1.7 6.9 33. 205.5 11.8 74.8 3.0 22.0420 0.0 0.16 0.31 0.75 2.1 6.4 22.4 55.4 6.4 20.4 1.9 7.6 36. 226.4 13.0 82.4 3.3 24.3440 0.0 0.17 0.34 0.81 2.2 6.9 24.5 60.8 7.0 22.4 2.0 8.4 39. 248.3 14.2 90.4 3.6 26.6460 0.1 0.19 0.37 0.88 2.4 7.5 26.6 66.5 7.6 24.5 2.2 9.2 43. 271.3 15.4 98.8 3.9 29.1480 0.1 0.21 0.40 0.96 2.6 8.2 28.8 72.4 8.2 26.7 2.4 10.0 46. 295.2 16.7 107.5 4.2 31.7500 0.1 0.22 0.43 1.03 2.8 8.8 31.1 78.6 8.9 29.0 2.6 10.8 50. 320.2 18.0 116.6 4.5 34.4520 0.1 0.24 0.46 1.11 3.1 9.5 9.6 31.3 2.8 11.7 19.4 126.1 4.9 37.2540 0.1 0.26 0.50 1.19 3.3 10. 10. 33.8 3.0 12.6 20.8 135.9 5.3 40.1560 0.1 0.27 0.53 1.28 3.5 10. 11. 36.3 3.2 13.6 22.3 146.1 5.6 43.1580 0.1 0.29 0.57 1.37 3.8 11. 11. 39.0 3.4 14.6 23.8 156.7 6.0 46.2600 0.1 0.31 0.61 1.45 4.0 12. 12. 41.7 3.6 15.6 25.3 167.6 6.4 49.4620 0.1 0.33 0.64 1.55 4.3 13. 13. 44.5 3.9 16.6 26.9 178.9 6.8 52.7640 0.1 0.35 0.68 1.64 4.5 14. 14. 47.5 4.1 17.7 28.6 190.6 7.2 56.2660 0.2 0.37 0.72 1.74 4.8 14. 14. 50.5 4.4 18.8 30.3 202.6 7.6 59.7680 0.2 0.39 0.77 1.84 5.1 15. 15. 53.6 4.6 20.0 32.0 215.0 8.1 63.4700 0.2 0.42 0.81 1.94 5.4 16. 16. 56.8 4.9 21.2 33.8 227.8 8.5 67.2720 0.2 0.44 0.85 2.05 5.6 17. 17. 60.1 5.1 22.4 35.6 240.9 9.0 71.1740 0.2 0.46 0.90 2.16 5.9 18. 18. 63.5 5.4 23.7 37.5 254.4 9.5 75.0760 0.2 0.49 0.94 2.27 6.2 19. 19. 66.9 5.7 25.0 39.5 268.3 10.0 79.1780 0.2 0.51 0.99 2.38 6.6 20. 20. 70.5 6.0 26.3 41.4 282.5 10.5 83.3800 0.2 0.53 1.04 2.50 6.9 21. 21. 74.2 6.2 27.7 43.4 297.1 11.0 87.7825 0.3 0.57 1.10 2.64 7.3 22. 22. 78.9 6.6 29.4 46.0 315.9 11.6 93.2850 0.3 0.60 1.16 2.80 7.7 23. 24. 83.7 7.0 31.3 48.7 335.3 12.3 98.9875 0.3 0.63 1.23 2.95 8.1 25. 25. 88.7 7.4 33.1 51.4 355.2 13.0 104.8900 0.3 0.67 1.30 3.11 8.6 26. 26. 93.9 7.8 35.0 54.2 375.7 13.7 110.9925 0.3 0.70 1.37 3.28 9.0 27. 28. 99.1 8.2 37.0 57.0 396.7 14.4 117.1950 0.4 0.74 1.44 3.44 9.5 29. 29. 104.6 8.6 39.0 59.9 418.4 15.1 123.5975 0.4 0.77 1.51 3.62 10.0 30. 31. 110.2 9.0 41.1 62.9 440.6 15.9 130.01000 0.4 0.81 1.58 3.79 10.4 32. 32. 115.9 9.5 43.3 66.0 463.3 16.7 136.81050 0.4 0.89 1.73 4.15 11.4 10. 47.7 18.3 150.71100 0.5 0.97 1.89 4.53 12.5 11. 52.3 19.9 165.41150 0.5 1.06 2.05 4.93 13.6 12. 57.2 21.7 180.71200 0.6 1.14 2.22 5.34 14.7 13. 62.3 23.5 196.71250 0.6 1.23 2.40 5.76 15.9 14. 67.6 25.3 213.41300 0.7 1.33 2.58 6.20 17.1 15. 73.1 27.3 230.71350 0.7 1.43 2.77 6.66 18.3 16. 78.8 29.3 248.71400 0.8 1.53 2.97 7.13 19.6 17. 84.8 31.3 267.41450 0.8 1.63 3.17 7.61 21.0 19. 91.0 33.5 286.81500 0.9 1.74 3.38 8.11 22.3 20. 97.3 35.7 306.91550 1.0 1.85 3.59 8.62 21. 103.9 37.9 327.61600 1.0 1.96 3.81 9.15 22. 110.8 40.2 349.01650 1.1 2.08 4.04 9.70 24. 117.8 42.6 371.11700 1.1 2.20 4.27 10.2 25. 125.0 45.1 393.81750 1.2 2.32 4.51 10.8 27. 132.5 47.6 417.31800 1.3 2.45 4.76 11.4 28. 140.2 50.2 441.41850 1.3 2.57 5.01 12.0 30. 148.1 52.8 466.21900 1.4 2.71 5.26 12.6 31. 156.2 55.5 491.61950 1.5 2.84 5.53 13.2 33. 164.5 58.3 517.82000 1.6 2.98 5.80 13.9 34. 173.1 61.1 544.6

*S.R. is the connection special resistance (mm H2O) of the pipe/hose given in the left column. 1 mm H2O/m = 0.00328 ft H2O/m = 9.81 Pa/m.

Table A.26 Minimum and maximum capacities of steel pipes.

NominalDiameter

ResistanceMinimum Maximum

Velocity(m/s)

Flow(kg/h)

Flow(gpm)

mm H2O/m ft H2O/m mm H2O/m ft H2O/m Min Max Min Max Min Max¼” 50 0.164 0.25 0.50 107 0.47

3/8” 9 0.030 43 0.141 0.36 0.58 107 252 0.47 1.1½” 13 0.043 38 0.125 0.37 0.65 252 463 1.1 2.0¾” 9 0.030 35 0.115 0.48 0.75 463 968 2.0 4.31” 11 0.036 33 0.108 0.48 0.84 968 1,720 4.3 7.6

1 ¼” 8 0.026 30 0.098 0.72 0.97 1,720 3,463 7.6 15.21 ½” 14 0.046 28 0.092 0.62 1.05 3,463 5,057 15.2 22.0

50 mm 7.5 0.025 27 0.089 0.73 1.20 5,057 9,830 22.0 43.365 mm 7.5 0.025 26 0.085 0.99 1.37 9,830 18,630 43.3 8280 mm 11 0.036 24 0.079 0.92 1.49 18,630 28,650 82 126100 mm 7 0.023 23 0.075 1.12 1.70 28,650 53,680 126 236125 mm 8 0.026 22 0.072 1.28 1.87 53,680 89,037 236 392150 mm 8 0.026 21 0.069 1.23 2.06 89,037 143,800 392 633200 mm 5.5 0.018 19 0.062 1.48 2.32 143,800 275,000 633 1,210250 mm 6 0.020 17.5 0.057 1.80 2.56 275,000 477,000 1,210 2,100300 mm 7 0.023 16 0.052 2.28 2.75 477,000 723,800 2,100 3,187350 mm 10 0.033 16 0.052 2.18 2.85 723,800 903,100 3,187 3,976400 mm 8 0.026 15 0.049 3.00 903,000 1,247,000 3,976 5,490 Note: 1 mm H2O/m = 0.00328 ft H2O/m = 9.81 Pa/m

Table A.27 Resistance values at different resistance coefficients and water velocities.

Pressure Loss (mm H2O) for Different Individual ResistorsResistance Coefficient: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Water Velocity (m/s)0.01 0.01 0.0 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.10.02 0.02 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.30.03 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.60.04 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.20.05 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.90.06 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.70.07 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.7 2.0 2.2 2.5 2.7 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.70.08 0.3 0.7 1.0 1.3 1.6 1.9 2.2 2.6 2.9 3.2 3.5 3.9 4.1 4.5 4.80.09 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0 4.4 4.8 5.3 5.7 6.10.10 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.50.15 1.1 2.2 3.4 4.5 5.6 6.7 7.8 8.9 10.0 11.1 12.2 13.4 14.5 15.6 16.70.20 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 9.9 11.9 13.9 15.8 17.8 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0 28.0 30.00.30 4.5 8.9 13.4 17.8 22.5 27.0 31.5 36.0 40.5 45.0 49.0 54 58 63 670.40 8.0 15. 24.0 32.0 40.0 48.0 56 64 72 80 87 95 103 111 1190.50 12.4 25. 37.5 50 62 75 86 99 111 124 136 149 161 173 1860.60 17.8 36. 54 72 89 107 125 143 161 178 196 215 235 250 2700.70 24.5 49. 73 97 121 145 169 195 220 245 270 295 320 340 3650.80 32.0 64 95 127 159 191 225 255 285 320 350 385 410 450 4800.90 40.5 81 121 161 200 240 285 325 365 400 440 480 530 570 6101.00 50 99 149 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 7501.10 60 119 179 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660 720 780 830 8901.20 72 143 215 285 360 430 500 570 650 720 790 850 920 1,000 1,0701.30 83 167 255 335 420 510 590 670 760 830 920 1,000 1,090 1,170 1,2501.40 97 195 295 390 490 590 680 780 870 970 1,060 1,160 1,260 1,360 1,4601.50 111 225 335 450 560 670 780 890 1,000 1,11 1,220 1,340 1,450 1,560 1,6701.60 127 255 385 510 640 770 880 1,010 1,140 1,27 1,390 1,520 1,650 1,780 1,9001.70 143 290 430 580 720 850 1,000 1,140 1,290 1,43 1,579 1,720 1,860 2,000 2,1501.80 161 325 485 650 800 960 1,120 1,280 1,440 1,61 1,770 1,930 2,100 2,250 2,4001.90 179 360 540 720 890 1,070 1,250 1,430 1,610 1,79 1,970 2,150 2,350 2,500 2,7002.00 200 400 600 790 990 1,190 1,390 1,580 1,780 1,98 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,0002.20 240 480 720 950 1,20 1,440 1,680 1,920 2,150 2,40 2,650 2,900 3,100 3,350 3,6002.40 285 570 850 1,140 1,43 1,710 2,000 2,300 2,550 2,85 3,150 3,450 3,700 4,000 4,3002.60 335 670 1,000 1,340 1,67 2,000 2,350 2,700 3,000 3,35 3,700 4,000 4,350 4,700 5,0002.90 390 780 1160 1,556 1,94 2,350 2,750 3,100 3,500 3,90 4,250 4,650 5,050 5,450 5,8003.00 450 890 1,340 1,780 2,25 2,650 3,100 3,500 4,000 4,45 4,900 5,300 5,800 6,200 6,700

Note: 1 mm H2O = 0.00328 ft H2O = 9.81 Pa

Table A.28 Piping table for Class 51 PVC CO2 pipes at 60oC.

PipesOutside Diameter (mm) 75.0 90.0 110.0 125.0 160.0 200.0 250. 315.0 400.0 500.0Inside Diameter (mm) 69.6 84.6 105.6 120.0 153.6 192.0 240. 302.6 384.2 480.4Empty Weight (kg/m) 0.93 1.12 1.13 1.45 2.38 3.72 5.81 9.08 14.69 22.79Water Content (l/m) 3.80 5.62 8.76 11.31 18.53 28.95 45.2 71.92 115.93 181.26


0.10 271.99

472.30

852.70

1202.96

2353.52

4284.11

7804.79

1,4505.60

2,7446.57

4,9767.63

0.15 342.52

592.90

1073.40

1513.72

2954.42

5735.15

9776.00

1,8167.01

3,4318.22

6,2169.73

0.20 412.97

693.42

1264.00

1784.38

3465.19

6316.05

1,146

7.04

2,1288.22

4,0199.63

7,27611.15

0.25 463.37

793.88

1434.54

2024.96

3925.88

7146.85

1,297

7.96

2,4079.30

4,54210.88

8,21812.59

0.30 513.74

874.30

1595.03

2245.50

4346.51

7907.58

1,434

8.81

2,66010.27

5,01812.02

9,07613.91

0.35 564.09

954.69

1735.48

2445.99

4737.10

8618.26

1,562

9.59

2,89511.18

5,45913.08

9,87015.13

0.40 604.41

1025.06

1865.91

2636.46

5107.64

9268.89

1,681

10.3

3,11512.03

5,87114.07

10,61216.26

0.45 654.71

1095.41

1996.31

2816.89

5448.16

9899.49

1,793

11.0

3,32212.83

6,26015.00

11,31217.34

0.50 695.00

1165.74

2116.70

2987.31

5778.65

1,04810.05

1,900

11.6

3,51913.59

6,62915.88

11,97618.35

0.55 725.28

1236.05

2237.06

3147.71

6089.12

1,10410.60

2,002

12.2

3,707154.32

6,98216.73

12,61019.32

0.60 765.54

1296.36

2347.41

3308.09

6389.57

1,15911.12

2,100

12.8

3,88715.01

7,31917.54

13,21720.26

0.65 795.80

1356.65

2447.75

3458.46

66710.00

1,21111.62

2,194

13.4

4,06015.68

7,64418.32

13,80121.15

0.70 836.05

1406.93

2558.08

3598.82

69510.42

1,26112.10

2,284

14.0

4,22716.33

7,95719.07

14,36422.01

0.75 866.29

1467.21

2658.40

37349.16

72210.83

1,31012.57

2,372

14.5

4,38916.95

8,26019.79

14,90922,85

0.80 896.52

1517.47

2748.70

3879.49

74811.22

1,35713.02

2,457

15.0

4,54617.56

8,55440.49

15,43623.66

0.85 926.75

1567.73

2849.00

4009.82

77411.60

1,40313.46

2,540

15.6

4,69818.15

8,83921.18

15,94824.44

0.90 956.97

1617.98

2939.29

41310.14

79811.97

1,44813.89

2,620

10.0

4,84618.72

9,11621.84

16,44625.20

1.00 1017.39

1718.46

3119.85

43710.74

84612.68

1,53314.71

2,775

17.0

5,13119.82

9,64923.12

17,40526.67

1.10 1077.80

1818.92

32710.38

46111.32

89213.37

1,16115.50

2,923

17.9

5,40320.87

10,15824.34

18,31928.07

1.20 1128.18

1909.37

34410.90

48411.88

93514.02

1,69416.25

3,064

18.8

5,66321.87

10,64625.51

19,19429.42

1.30 1178.56

1989.79

35911.39

50612.42

97714.65

1,77016.98

3,201

19.6

5,91422.84

11,11426.83

20,03530.70

1.40 1228.92

20610.20

37411.87

52712.94

1,01815.26

1,84317.68

3,332

20.4

6,15523.77

11,56627.71

20,84631.95


Documents

s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com€¦ · Web view2021. 2. 26. · A.1Equalization of Standard (Schedule 40) steel pipe discharge rates. A.2Available steel tube sizes and relevant data