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M3: Building Windows
Phone Applications
Andy Wigley | Microsoft Technical Evangelist
Rob Tiffany | Microsoft Enterprise Mobility Strategist
Target Agenda | Day 1
Module and Topic | 10-minute breaks after each session / 60-minute “meal break” Planned
Duration
1a - Introducing Windows Phone 8 Application Development | Part 1 50:00
1b - Introducing Windows Phone 8 Application Development | Part 2 50:00
2 - Designing Windows Phone Apps 50:00
3 - Building Windows Phone Apps 50:00
4 - Files and Storage on Windows Phone 8 50:00
Meal Break | 60-minutes 60:00
5 - Windows Phone 8 Application Lifecycle 50:00
6 - Background Agents 25:00
7 - Tiles and Lock Screen Notifications 25:00
8 - Push Notifications 30:00
9 - Using Phone Resources on Windows Phone 8 50:00
Target Agenda | Day 2
Module and Topic | 10-minute breaks after each session / 60-minute “meal break” Planned
Duration
10 - App to App Communication 35:00
11 - Network Communication on Windows Phone 8 50:00
12 - Proximity Sensors and Bluetooth 35:00
13 - Speech Input on Windows Phone 8 35:00
14 - Maps and Location on Windows Phone 8 35:00
15 - Wallet Support 25:00
16 - In App Purchasing 25:00
Meal Break | 60-minutes 60:00
17 - The Windows Phone Store 50:00
18 - Enterprise Applications in Windows Phone 8: Architecture and Publishing 50:00
19 - Windows 8 and Windows Phone 8 Cross Platform Development 50:00
20 – Mobile Web 50:00
• Page Navigation
• Application Bar
• Handling Page Orientation Changes
• Handling Different Screen Resolutions
• Localization
• Windows Phone Toolkit
• Page Transitions
Module Agenda With the previous module, we go through the essential knowledge you need to build an application
Page Navigation
Frame and Page
• Frame
• Top-level container control
• PhoneApplicationFrame class
• Contains the page control and system
elements such as system tray and
application bar
• Page
• Fills entire content region of the frame
• PhoneApplicationPage-derived class
• Contains a title
• Optionally surfaces its own application bar
Page Navigation
• XAML apps on Windows Phone use a
page-based navigation model
• Similar to web page model
• Each page identified by a URI
• Each page is essentially stateless
private void HyperlinkButton_Click_1( object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { NavigationService.Navigate( new Uri("/SecondPage.xaml", UriKind.Relative)); }
Navigating Back
• Application can provide controls to navigate
back to preceding page
• The hardware Back key will also navigate back
to preceding page
• No code required – built-in behaviour
private void Button_Click_1( object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { NavigationService.GoBack(); }
Overriding Back Key
• May need to override Back hardware key if ‘back to previous page’ is not logical behaviour
• For example, when displaying a popup panel
• User would expect Back key to close the panel,
not the page
Overriding the Back Key
<phone:PhoneApplicationPage x:Class="PhoneApp1.MainPage" … shell:SystemTray.IsVisible="True" BackKeyPress="PhoneApplicationPage_BackKeyPress">
In code: private void PhoneApplicationPage_BackKeyPress(object sender, System.ComponentModel.CancelEventArgs e) { e.Cancel = true; // Tell system we've handled it // Hide the popup... ... }
Passing Data Between Pages
• Can pass string data between pages using query strings
• On destination page
private void passParam_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { NavigationService.Navigate(new Uri("/SecondPage.xaml?msg=" + textBox1.Text, UriKind.Relative)); }
protected override void OnNavigatedTo(System.Windows.Navigation.NavigationEventArgs e)
{
base.OnNavigatedTo(e);
string querystringvalue = "";
if (NavigationContext.QueryString.TryGetValue("msg", out querystringvalue))
textBlock1.Text = querystringvalue;
}
Passing Objects Between Pages
• Often, you will pass a data object from one page to another
• E.g., user selects an item in a list and navigates to a Details
page
• One solution is to store your ViewModel (that is, data)
in your App class
• Global to whole application
• Pass the ID of the selected item in query string
// Navigate to the new page NavigationService.Navigate(new Uri("/DetailsPage.xaml?selectedItem=" + (MainLongListSelector.SelectedItem as ItemViewModel).ID, UriKind.Relative));
Handling Non Linear Navigation
• Design your app navigation strategy carefully!
• If you navigate from ‘third page’ to ‘main page’ and
your user then presses the Back key, what happens?
• User expects app to exit
• App actually navigates back to Third Page
• Solution for Windows Phone 7.0 was complex code
to handle back navigation correctly, or the Non-Linear
Navigation Recipe library from AppHub
• Windows Phone APIs:
• NavigationService.RemoveBackEntry()
NavigationService.RemoveBackEntry()
• When ‘Third Page’ navigates back to MainPage, put a marker in the query string
• In OnNavigatedTo() in MainPage, look for the marker and if present, remove the ‘ Third
Page’, ‘SecondPage’ and original instance of ‘MainPage’ from the navigation history stack
NavigationService.Navigate(new Uri("/MainPage.xaml?homeFromThird=true", UriKind.Relative));
protected override void OnNavigatedTo(NavigationEventArgs e) { if (e.NavigationMode == System.Windows.Navigation.NavigationMode.New && NavigationContext.QueryString.ContainsKey("homeFromThird")) { NavigationService.RemoveBackEntry(); // Remove ThirdPage NavigationService.RemoveBackEntry(); // Remove SecondPage NavigationService.RemoveBackEntry(); // Remove original MainPage } base.OnNavigatedTo(e); }
Demo 1: Page Navigation
ApplicationBar
Application Chrome System Tray and Application Bar
Use the ApplicationBar instead of creating your own menu system
Up to 4 buttons plus optional menu Swipe up the bar to bring up the menu
System will colorize button according to users selected theme
ApplicationBar
ApplicationBar in Xaml
<phone:PhoneApplicationPage x:Class="CRMapp.MainPage“ …> <phone:PhoneApplicationPage.ApplicationBar> <shell:ApplicationBar x:Name="AppBar" Opacity="1.0" IsMenuEnabled="True"> <shell:ApplicationBar.Buttons> <shell:ApplicationBarIconButton x:Name="NewContactButton" IconUri="Images/appbar.new.rest.png" Text="New" Click="NewContactButton_Click"/> <shell:ApplicationBarIconButton x:Name="SearchButton" IconUri="Images/appbar.feature.search.rest.png" Text="Find" Click="SearchButton_Click"/> </shell:ApplicationBar.Buttons> <shell:ApplicationBar.MenuItems> <shell:ApplicationBarMenuItem x:Name="GenerateMenuItem" Text="Generate Data" Click="GenerateMenuItem_Click" /> <shell:ApplicationBarMenuItem x:Name="ClearMenuItem" Text="Clear Data" Click="ClearMenuItem_Click" /> </shell:ApplicationBar.MenuItems> </shell:ApplicationBar> </phone:PhoneApplicationPage.ApplicationBar> </phone:PhoneApplicationPage>
ApplicationBar and Landscape
ApplicationBar Opacity
If Application Bar opacity is less than 1, displayed page will be the size of the screen Application Bar overlays screen content
If Opacity is 1, displayed page is resized to the area of the screen not covered by the Application Bar
ApplicationBar Design in Blend – and now in VS Too!
Demo 2: Designing
an ApplicationBar
Handling Screen
Orientation Changes
• This application does not work in landscape
mode at the moment
• Not all applications do, or need to
• You can configure applications to support
portrait or landscape
Phone UI Design – Orientation
New Device Tab in Visual Studio 2012
• View Designer in Portrait or Landscape
Selecting Orientations
• A XAML property for the phone application page lets you select the orientation
options available
• Your application can bind to an event which is fired when the orientation changes
SupportedOrientations="Portrait"
SupportedOrientations="PortraitOrLandscape"
Layout May Need Altering
Layout unaltered
Layout optimised for
landscape
Using a Grid to Aid Landscape Layout
• In the Grid, the second column is unused in Portrait
<phone:PivotItem Header="recipe"> <Grid> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ColumnDefinition Width="*"/> <ColumnDefinition Width="Auto"/> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <Grid.RowDefinitions> <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/> <RowDefinition Height="240"/> <RowDefinition Height="*"/> <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/> </Grid.RowDefinitions> ... </Grid>
Row 0
Row 1
Row 2
Row 3
Column 0
Move Elements in Landscape Layout
• In Landscape, the recipe description moves into the second row and the second column and the third
row of the grid is now unused. Since that row’s Height is “*”, it shrinks to zero.
<phone:PivotItem Header="recipe"> <Grid> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ColumnDefinition Width="*"/> <ColumnDefinition Width="Auto"/> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <Grid.RowDefinitions> <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/> <RowDefinition Height="240"/> <RowDefinition Height="*"/> <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/> </Grid.RowDefinitions> ... </Grid>
Row 0
Row 1
Row 2
Row 3
Column 0 Column 1
Moving Elements
private void PhoneApplicationPage_OrientationChanged(object sender, OrientationChangedEventArgs e)
{
if (this.Orientation == PageOrientation.LandscapeLeft || this.Orientation ==
PageOrientation.LandscapeRight)
{
DirectionsScrollViewer.SetValue(Grid.RowProperty, 1);
DirectionsScrollViewer.SetValue(Grid.ColumnProperty, 1);
}
else
{
DirectionsScrollViewer.SetValue(Grid.RowProperty, 2);
DirectionsScrollViewer.SetValue(Grid.ColumnProperty, 0);
}
}
Demo 4:
Orientation Handling
Supporting Multiple
Screen Resolutions
Three Screen Resolutions
WVGA
800 x 480
15:9
WXGA
1280 x 768
15:9
720p
1280 x 720
16:9
So I Have to Do Three Different UIs?
• Well, No…
• As developers, we work with device independent pixels
• OS applies a scale factor to the actual resolution
Resolution Aspect ratio Scale Factor Scaled resolution
WVGA 800 x 480 15:9 1.0x scale 800 x 480
WXGA 1280 x 768 15:9 1.6x scale 800 x 480
720p 1280 x 720 16:9
1.5x scale, 80 pixels
taller (53 pixels, before
scaling)
853 x 480
Scaled Resolutions
WVGA WXGA 720p
800
800 853
480 480
480
• Set Grid Row Height to “Auto” to size according
to the controls placed within it
• Set Grid Row Height to “*” to take up all the rest
of the space
• If you size multiple rows using “*”, available
space is divided up evenly between them
Use “Auto” and “*” on Grid Rows To Ensure Good Layout
<Grid> <Grid.RowDefinitions> <RowDefinition Height="240"/> <RowDefinition Height="*"/> <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/> </Grid.RowDefinitions> ... </Grid>
Adaptive Layout Using Grid
WVGA 720p
Image height sized
explicitly at 240px
Bottom row is “Auto” so
sized to hold a TextBlock
Directions row is “*” so gets
everything that’s left – ends
up taller on 720p
Images
• In most cases, you should supply images targeting the WXGA (1280 x 768) screen
• WXGA assets are of the highest quality
• Will automatically scale down on WVGA phones
• Still look great on 720p (1280 x 720)
• If you want, you can include images at each of the three resolutions in your project
• E.g. MyImage.wvga.png, MyImage.wxga.png and MyImage.720p.png
• At runtime, get Application.Current.Host.Content.ScaleFactor to determine the resolution
of the screen on the current phone, returns 100 for WVGA, 160 for WXGA and
150 for 720p
• Write code to load image at runtime appropriate for the current screen resolution
Splash Screens
• To add a splash screen to your project suitable for all resolutions, add a file as content
called SplashScreenImage.jpg at 768 x 1280 resolution
• The framework automatically scales it to the correct size on different resolution screens
• If you want to provide pixel-perfect splash screens for all resolutions, add images with the
following names:
• SplashScreenImage.Screen-WVGA.jpg
• SplashScreenImage.Screen-WXGA.jpg
• SplashScreenImage.Screen-720p.jpg
• In addition to these images, you must still include the default SplashScreenImage.jpg file
App Icon and Tiles
• You must supply app icon and tile images sized for WXGA
• The framework automatically scales to the correct size for WVGA and 720p
Tile size WXGA
Application Icon 100 × 100
Small 159 × 159
Medium 336 × 336
Large 691 × 336
Demo 4: Screen
Resolutions
Introduction to
Localization
Windows Phone 8 Language Support
• Windows Phone 8 supports 50 display languages (shipped with
the phone depending on market and country/region) and
selectable by the user on the language+region section of the
Settings page
• Windows Phone 7.1 supported only 24
• Windows Phone 8 allows you to build apps that read from
right to left
New Project Templates Have Localization Support Built In
• Every new project you create in Visual Studio 2012 has a class
included called LocalizedStrings
• Simply provides programmatic access to resources
• An instance of this is create in App.xaml in the Application Resources
with the key LocalizedStrings
• Every new project also includes a resources file:
Resources\AppResources.resx
• Some strings already defined in here
• Create all your string literals in here to support localization
• All new projects also included commented-out code in
MainPage.xaml.cs to setup a localized Application Bar
Accessing String Resources from XAML
• Databind the Text property of your
TextBlock and other controls to the
StaticResource with a key of
LocalizedStrings
• That is an instance of the
LocalizedStrings class
• It provides access to string resources
Add Support for Additional Languages
• Double-click project properties
to open the Properties editor
• On the Application tab
• Check each of the
languages your app
will support
• Save the Project Properties
• Visual Studio creates new
AppResources files for each
selected language/culture
Translate the Additional Languages Resource Files
• Visual Studio adds a resource file for each additional language that the app will support.
Each resource file is named using the correct culture/language name, as described in
Culture and language support for Windows Phone in the documentation
• For example:
• For the culture Spanish (Spain), file is AppResources.es-ES.resx.
• For the culture German (Germany), file is AppResources.de-DE.resx.
• Supply appropriate translations in each resource file
• Double-click WMAppManifest.xml to open the
manifest editor
• On the Packaging tab
• Set the Default Language to the
language of your default resources
• This identifies the language of the
strings in the default resources file.
E.g., if the strings in the default resources
file are English (UK) language strings,
you would select English (United Kingdom)
as the Neutral Language for the project
Define the Default Language
Demo 5: Localization
The Windows Phone Toolkit
Windows Phone Toolkit
• A product of the Microsoft Windows Phone team
• Formerly known as the ‘Silverlight Toolkit’
• The Windows Phone Toolkit adds new functionality ‘out of band’ from the official product
control set
• Includes full open source code, samples, documentation, and design-time support for
controls for Windows Phone
• Refresh every three months or so
• Bug fixes
• New controls
How to Get the Windows Phone Toolkit
• http://phone.codeplex.com
• Get source code, including the
sample application
• No MSI! – Install binaries from
NuGet only
NuGet
• Package management system for .NET
• Simplifies incorporating third-party libraries
• Developer focused
• Free, open source
• NuGet client is included in Visual
Studio 2012 – including Express Editions!
• Use NuGet to add libraries such as
the Windows Phone Toolkit to projects
Controls in the
Windows Phone Toolkit
ContextMenu
DatePicker and TimePicker
ToggleSwitch
WrapPanel
ListPicker
• WP7 ComboBox
• Dropdown list for small number of
items
• Full screen selector for longer lists
…And Many More
• Custom MessageBox
• Rating control
• AutoCompleteBox
• ExpanderView
• HubTile
• more…
• Download the source from http://phone.codeplex.com, build the sample application and
deploy to emulator or device
Page Transitions
and TiltEffect
Page Transitions
• Easy way to add page transitions to your app similar to those in
the built-in apps
• Different transitions are included
• Roll, Swivel, Rotate, Slide and Turnstile
• Start by using the TransitionFrame control from the Windows
Phone Toolkit instead of the default PhoneApplicationFrame
• Set in InitializePhoneApplication() method in App.Xaml.cs:
Enabling Transitions on a Page
• Declare namespace for Windows Phone Toolkit assembly
• Under <phone:PhoneApplicationPage> root element, add transition you want
TiltEffect
• Add additional visual feedback for control interaction
• Instead of simple states such as Pressed or Unpressed, controls with TiltEffect enabled
provide motion during manipulation
• For example, Button has a subtle 3D effect and appears to move into the page when
pressed and bounce back again when released
• Easy to enable TiltEffect for all controls on a page
• Also can apply to individual controls
Demo 6: Page
Transitions and TiltEffect
Review
• Navigation to pages is performed on the basis of a URI (Uniform Resource Indicator) values
• The back button normally navigates back to the previous page, but this can be overridden
• The URI can contain a query string to pass contextual string data
• Support for Localization is incorporated into the project templates
• Supporting different screen resolutions is simplified because they are scaled to a near-identical effective resolution.
• Supply images scaled for WXGA and they will be scaled down automatically for lower screen resolutions.
• The Windows Phone Toolkit is an out of band method for Microsoft to release additional tools and libraries outside of
Visual Studio release cycles
• http://silverlight.codeplex.com
• The toolkit includes Page transitions and TiltEffect with which you can add common animations to your applications
The information herein is for informational
purposes only an represents the current view of
Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this
presentation. Because Microsoft must respond
to changing market conditions, it should not be
interpreted to be a commitment on the part of
Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the
accuracy of any information provided after the
date of this presentation.
© 2012 Microsoft Corporation.
All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION
IN THIS PRESENTATION.