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Microsoft Word -
SR04Acquisition&ProcessingReport.docACQUISITION AND PROCESSING
REPORT
February 2005
LIST OF CONTENTS
2 SUMMARY
4 DATA ACQUISITION
Fig. 2 Final Surveyed Line Locations
APPENDICES
I Survey Report by Dynamic Satellite Surveys Pty Ltd II Recording
Production Statistics
III Guidelines for Environment and Cultural Heritage Protection and
Pastoral Relations IV Data Processing Report by Velseis Processing
Pty Ltd
V Tape List, Tape Header, VP/CDP Relationships, Processing
Summary
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL
In July/August 2004 Santos Ltd, as operator of petroleum
exploration and development in ATP 336P in the Surat Basin in
Queensland, carried out the SR04 Seismic Survey of approximately 76
kilometres of conventional vibroseis reflection profiling in the
Sunnybank area about 65 kilometres south-east of Roma.
The geophysical contractor was Terrex Seismic. Other contractors
and sub-contractors were Dynamic Satellite surveys Pty Ltd, for
horizontal and vertical surveying, Mr J Warby of Waggarie
Exploration for permitting and ongoing liaison with landholders etc
and Mr D Tickell for preparation of lines for vehicular
access.
Santos Ltd also contracted Mr J Allen as field representative for
the survey. Section 4, describing field operations, is largely
drawn from his report.
Data processing was carried out by Velseis Processing Pty Ltd, in
Brisbane.
Operations were managed and supervised by the Operations Geophysics
team of Santos Ltd, Adelaide.
BB
B
G B
Legend
( G B ) ( B )B GC
GB G
G AG
G
B
B CB
GGG B
G G
B BC
PL 8
G GC
B E BG
BG G D C
( B G O K G C D ) ( E )W B B G
B B D B G
B
B
( G )G G
C G
G
EB PLB11 W B
( C )G BB
ATBP 336P Waldegrave
PSL 89 D
CEKOC E C
( E B W )G G
DB B OVB
G B
( B G )BS
W GWC
G OV B GG
( C G )PCL 64
B B B
B
B
G
BPL 27 B
( B )C G
( B )PLS56 S
S
G PL 71 G
( S )W T SS T C U
-27° 30'
( U B )B
UBU U C
B E E
( O )B T
S
149° 30'
Kilometres
1.2 LOCATION AND LOGISTICS
1.2.1 Location
The survey area is located in south-eastern Queensland, between
latitudes 26o 51’ S and 27o 01’ S and longitudes 149o 10’ E and
145o 21’ E within the Parish of Tinowon, County of
Waldegrave.
1.2.2 Terrain
The topography in the Sunnybank area is predominantly
gently-undulating country cleared for cereal cropping, cattle
grazing and native timber harvesting.
1.2.3 Access
The survey area is centred south-east of the intersection of the
Yuleba-Surat and Roma-Condamine Roads, approximately 65 km
south-eastward of Roma.
1.2.4 Accommodation
Line preparation and recording personnel were accommodated at the
Roma Caravan Park and Club Hotel/Motel. The DSS surveyor was in
rented premises at Surat. Daily travel time for those based in Roma
averaged between 2 and 2.5 hours a day and from Surat, 1
hour.
Terrex cable, geophone and vehicle repair equipment, together with
trailer- mounted workshops and a spare-parts trailer were set up at
Aztex Pty Ltd yard in the Roma Industrial Area.
(
S:\GEOPHYS\DenisonSuratBasins\2004\ATP336P\Reports\SR04Acquisition&ProcessingReport.doc-
10 )
1.3 TIMETABLE OF MAIN EVENTS
2 June 2004 : Notice of Intention to Commence Seismic Operations
sent to Queensland Department of Minerals and Energy.
7 – 30 June 2004 : Permitting.
18 – 21 June 2004 : Cultural clearance.
18 July – 1 August 2004 : Line preparation/surveying.
28 July – 5 August 2004 : Recording.
13 August – 20 September 2004 : Data Processing.
2 SUMMARY
Principal contractor:
Terrex Seismic
Santos Field Rep :
Faywood (John Allen)
Data Processing :
3 vibrators, 2 sweeps per VP.
Weathering: No uphole programme required.
Environmental: Key Elements:
· Weave around significant trees
· Abide by all requirements of NBU environmental group
· No damage to fences, roads etc
· Avoid spread of noxious weeds
· Avoid and flag potential Aboriginal sites
· Disguise lines at road and track crossings
· Remove all markers after work completed
· Obey all fire restrictions and instructions as fire hazards
exist
3 SURVEY SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES
The seven seismic lines acquired were designed to better define
subsurface structure in the south-eastern portion of ATP 336P. All
large conventional structures in the area have been drilled and
this survey was intended to identify smaller structures and
stratigraphic traps not previously defined.
Lines
Stations
Km
SR04-01
200-844
9.660
SR04-02
202-1329
16.905
SR04-03
200-626
6.390
SR04-04
200-754
8.310
SR04-05
200-813
9.195
SR04-06
200-782
8.730
SR04-07
200-1306
16.590
75.780
4.1 PERMITTING
Lines of the SR04 survey crossed portions of nine separate farming
properties. All landholders including the Warroo Shire Council and
the Department of Forests were visited by Mr J Warby on behalf of
Santos Ltd before any work was undertaken, and “Notices of Intended
Entry on Land” delivered, explained and signed.
With continuing liaison during field operations, relationships with
landholders remained good, and no access problems arose.
Compensation for crop damage etc was paid when justified. All
landholders were revisited after completion of operations, and
“Final Property Release” forms signed.
Two representatives of the Mandanjani people visited the proposed
locations of seismic lines from 18 to 21 June and advised that no
sites of cultural heritage were involved.
4.2 SURVEYING
Horizontal and vertical surveying of the seismic lines was carried
out by Dynamic Satellite Surveys Pty Ltd, whose report is appended
(Appendix I).
4.3 LINE PREPARATION
1 x Caterpillar D6D bulldozer with 12’ angle blade
1 x Caterpillar 12G grader with front bull blade Support
vehicles
4.3.2 OPERATIONS
Most of the area covered by this survey has been cleared, seeded
with Buffle grass and developed for cattle grazing. Selected areas
on or marginal to the Balonne River floodplain have been developed
for cereal crop cultivation. The eastern ends of lines 04 and 05
entered State Forest Reserves, as did the northern end of line 02.
Cypress pine is the principal timber harvested in
these reserves. Other trees present include Wilga, Belah, Box and
small amounts of Brigalow. Forestry roads provided limited access
to lines in these woodlands classified as ‘Closed Forests’.
With the exception of the forest reserves the Sunnybank project had
little impact on the environment. While earthmoving equipment was
used in some way to prepare most lines, blade work was kept to an
absolute minimum. The bulldozer walked lines across the seeded
pastureland with blade work restricted to the removal of regrowth
too extensive to detour. Sharp humps or washouts were levelled by
the grader.
Cultivated areas were bypassed by the earthmoving equipment. Here,
the surveyor marked the lines by driving through the crops prior to
installing the station markers. Lines 01, 02, 04 and 07 passed
through crops as detailed below:
Line Station Range
SR07 – 07 1241 - 1306
Trees had to be removed from lines extending into the woodlands.
The bulldozer accomplished this with assistance from the grader
using the bull- blade attached to its front end. Every effort was
made to restrict clearing to a blade width (12’) but this was
exceeded in a number of places where it was necessary to clear an
area into which the fallen trees could be pushed.
The dense canopy severely restricted the use of the dozer mounted
GPS navigational system. A large proportion of lines through the
woodlands were cut by eye and therefore tended to be straight
rather than weaved, as is the normal practice.
Two passes had to be made by the grader to clear sticks from these
lines and to selectively spread the soil from the windrows back
across the line leaving the sticks behind.
4.4 RECORDING
4.4.1 RECORDING EQUIPMENT
Complete ARAM 24, 24 bit telemetry recording system with the
following ancillary equipment:
1
x
1
x
1
x
4
x
1
x
1
x
46
x
4.4.2 SOURCE EQUIPMENT
Four (4) Litton LRS315 40000 lb Peak Force 6x6 Paystar
Truck-mounted Vibrators:
· Peak force is 40,600 lb per Vibe and
· Hold-Down weight is 42,400 lb per Vibe
· Five (5) Pelton Advance 2 Model 5 VCEs plus various spare
boards
· One (1) Pelton Advance 2 Model 5 ESG for Recording Truck
· Four (4) Vibrators operating Online and One (1) on Standby
Vibrators are equipped with Force Control and Ground Force Phase
Lock using M5I High performance accelerometers.
Electronics are capable of Trade-marked Varisweep
4.4.3 VEHICLES
1 x Isuzu 4x4 airconditioned recording truck
4 x LRS 315, 40,000 lb, Vibrators mounted on 6x6 International
Paystar trucks
1 x Isuzu 4x4 Vibrator service truck
1 x Toyota 4x4 Series 100 station wagon
3 x Toyota 4x4 Series 79 cable trucks
1 x Toyota 4x4 Series 79 geophone truck
1 x Toyota 4x4 Series 79 line crew PC
1 x Toyota 4x4 line crew dual cab Hilux
2 x Toyota 4x4 Series 79 turbo utilities
Recording equipment including the dog box, truck carrier, ground
electronics, cables and geophones were leased by Terrex from the
Federal Government agency ANSIR (Australian National Seismic
Imaging Resource).
4.4.4 RECORDING PARAMETERS
No. Channels : 240
Tape Format : SEGD, 8058IEEE Demultiplexed, 3490 Cartridge,
Noise edited correlated summed 3 sec record
Filters : Hi cut 123 Hz, 120 dB/Octave Lo cut 3 Hz, 12
dB/Octave
Sample Rate : 2 ms
Record Length : 9 sec (6 sec sweep, 3 sec listen)
RTC : Yes
Stack : Diversity stack plus burst edit Source Data
Vibrators : 3 Litton LRS315 40,000 lb peak force actuators on 6x6
International 5000 Paystar trucks
Electronics : Pelton Advance 2 Model 6
Sweep Frequency : 5-90 Hz
Sweep Length : 6 seconds
Sweep Function : Linear upsweep
No. Sweeps : 1
VP Interval : 15m
Vibrator Array : 3 in line, 15m. pad to pad centred between
stations Drive Level : Maximum varied by amplitude control function
Phase Locking Type : Ground Force using M51 accelerometers.
Amplitude Control : Peak to Peak
End Tapers (cosine) : 0.2s
Geophones : OYO Geospace 32CT, 10 Hz phones, 12 per string
Connection : Series Parallel (6x2)
Array : 12 in line, centred on station, 1.25m spacing
Multiplicity : 120 fold
4.4.5 PROCEDURE
Terrex used a line crew of seventeen to lay and move the geophones,
cables and remote signal conditioners. A line boss and an assistant
had responsibility for co- ordinating the crew and trouble-shooting
the spread under the direction of the observer.
For the 15 metre group interval, geophones were laid along the line
at intervals of approximately 1.25 metres such that there was also
an interval of 1.25 metres between the last geophone of one group
and the first geophone of the next. The line crew used four
geophone and cable trucks, a trouble-shooter’s, and a line
supervisor’s utility, all fitted with VHF radios to allow
intercommunication, and contact with the observer, vibrator
operators etc, when necessary.
The energy source was three vibrators in line, 15 metres apart,
pad-to-pad, sweeping twice per vibrator point. Each sweep was a 5
to 90 Hz linear upsweep of 3 seconds duration.
Noise-edited, correlated and summed, three-second records were
produced in SEGD format on 3490 E cartridges.
4.4.5 QUALITY CONTROL
Comprehensive instrument and vibrator tests were run each day, and
during production the performance of all vibrators was constantly
monitored via computer.
4.4.6 PRODUCTION
Production details are given in Appendix II. The average production
rate was 2.06 km per recording hour.
4.5 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
As operator, Santos Ltd has, for a number of years, been committed
to planning and conducting seismic operations in such a way that
environmental disturbance is avoided or minimised, and affected
areas can rehabilitate naturally in a reasonable time frame. For
the environmentally similar Surat Basin, these objectives have most
recently been set out and discussed in the publication “Code of
Environmental Practice for Onshore Seismic Operations in the
Denison Trough, Queensland” (Santos, 2000).
The commitment has normally included the distribution of copies of
the above to all contractors’ personnel, and continual pressure by
Santos Ltd field representatives on these personnel to conform to
the principles and requirements of the Code.
Compliance with the Aboriginal Heritage Act has also been stressed
and the strategy to ensure meticulous adherence to standard Santos
procedures relating to Cultural Heritage Management and
Environmental Sensitivity was reinforced by special training of key
personnel, and daily meetings to re-iterate key issues and
procedures.
With occasional, minor exceptions, the crews worked extremely well
to complete the survey efficiently under the stringent
environmental restrictions applied.
Other directives and guidelines issued to field personnel, relating
to protection of the environment and cultural heritage, pastoral
relations etc, are included in Appendix III.
5 DATA PROCESSING
5.1 GENERAL
Data processing was performed by Velseis in their centre in
Brisbane.
Three seconds of data were recorded in the field, at a sample rate
of 2 milliseconds. In processing, the data were reduced to a datum
at 240 AHD. Surface elevations in the area of operation ranged from
233 metres to 283 metres above AHD.
Data processing effectively commenced on 13 August 2004 with the
supply by Santos of static corrections to Velseis. Processing was
completed on 20 September, when Santos received the final
data.
5.2 PROCEDURE AND PARAMETERS
The processing stream and parameters are fully described in the
processing contractor’s report, attached hereto as Appendix
IV.
A summary, by Santos processing geophysicist P. Gatley, is
submitted in Appendix V.
APPENDIX I
(Excluding Appendices)
Dynamic Satellite
Surveys 04048
for
July 2004
Santos Ltd / Terrex Seismic Pty Ltd 2004 Sunnybank 2D Seismic
Survey
© Dynamic Satellite Surveys Pty Ltd 2004
This work is copyright. No part may be reproduced by any process
without prior written permission from Dynamic Satellite Surveys Pty
Ltd. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights
should be addressed to:
The Director
Yeppoon QLD 4703
Facsimile: 07 4939 2867
Santos / Terrex Seismic Pty Ltd 2004 Sunnybank 2D Seismic
Survey
1
INTRODUCTION
The following report covers the 2004 Sunnybank 2D Seismic Survey,
performed by Dynamic Satellite Surveys Pty Ltd (DSS) whilst
contracted to Terrex Seismic Pty Ltd for Santos Ltd.
The survey operation was situated 35km north east of Surat within
the exploration lease ATP-336P, Queensland.
A total of thirty seven 2D seismic lines were surveyed totalling
75.78 kilometres at 15m station intervals. All lines were covered
in 16 days giving an average of 4.7 kms per day.
The survey operations were completed between the 16th July and the
1st August 2004.
( Job #04048 July ) ( © Dynamic Satellite Surveys Pty Ltd 2004 ) (
10 )
Santos / Terrex Seismic Pty Ltd 2004 Sunnybank 2D Seismic
Survey
2
DSS personnel involved in the survey were as follows.
Tony Morcom - Bachelor of Geomatics (Surveying) - University of
Melbourne.
Tim McCall - Bachelor of Applied Science (Surveying) QIT. Personnel
and equipment logistics were supported by the DSS Yeppoon office.
Survey operations were based at Surat.
Santos / Terrex Seismic Pty Ltd 2004 Sunnybank 2D Seismic
Survey
2.2 Equipment
Description
Qty
Vehicles
3
1
Ver5.0.3
Field and Office Consumables
Santos / Terrex Seismic Pty Ltd 2004 Sunnybank 2D Seismic
Survey
3
SURVEY REFERENCE SYSTEMS
3.1 Geodetic Datum
( Datum: GDA94(Geocentric Datum of Australia 1994) Spheroid: GRS80
Reference Frame: ITRF92 (International Terrestrial Reference Frame)
Semi-Major Axis Length: 6 378 137.0 Inverse Flattening:
298.257222101 The Unit of Measure: International Metre )This
project was based on the Geocentric Datum of Australia 1994 (GDA94)
which is based on the Geodetic Reference System 1980 (GRS80) model
defined by the following parameters:
Santos / Terrex Seismic Pty Ltd 2004 Sunnybank 2D Seismic
Survey
3.2 Map Projection
( Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator (MGA Zone 55) Latitude
of Origin: 0° Central Meridian (CM): 147° E Scale Factor at CM:
0.9996 False Easting: 500 000 False Northing: 10 000 000 The Unit
of Measure: International Metre )Final rectangular coordinates were
based on the Map Grid of Australia 1994 (MGA94). Parameters for
this projection are as follows:
3.3 Height Datum
All elevations obtained relative to GDA94 have been reduced to the
Australian Height Datum (AHD) using the AUSGEOID98 Geoid - Spheroid
separation model to determine the geoid-ellipsoid separation (N)
for the particular area.
GPS observations are made on the GDA94 datum. The height associated
with this datum is an ellipsoidal height (h). The Australian Height
Datum (AHD), the height datum associated with MGA94, is an
orthometric height which is measured as the height above mean sea
level, or the geoid (H).
The function that defines the relationship between the ellipsoid
and orthometric heights is:
H = h - N
AHD = GDA94 - (Geoid / Ellipsoid Separation)
The value for the geoid/spheroid separation is interpolated from a
national model called Ausgeoid98.
Santos / Terrex Seismic Pty Ltd 2004 Sunnybank 2D Seismic
Survey
AUSGEOID98 is the third in a series of national geoid models
produced for Australia by the Australian Surveying and Land
Information Group (AUSLIG). The geoid-ellipsoid data is prepared
for the Australian region from:
· EGM96 Global Geopotential Model;
· AUSLIG / AGSO GEODATA nine-second digital elevation model;
· Satellite altimeter - derived free air gravity anomalies
offshore;
· Theories, techniques and software developed by Associate
Professor Will Featherstone, Curtin University of
Technology1.
AUSGEOID98 N values were interpolated using the GrafNet Version
6.02 software, distributed by Waypoint. Consulting Inc.
1 Johnston, G.M., Featherstone, W.E. (1998) AUSGEOID98: A New
Gravimetric Model for Australia
Santos / Terrex Seismic Pty Ltd 2004 Sunnybank 2D Seismic
Survey
4
SURVEY CONTROL
Survey Control was based on a mark installed on DSS Job# 03066,
immediately to the south of the Santos prospect. This, in turn came
from a Well permanent mark Norkam #1 BM2.
Check observations were made from each of the base stations during
the real-time surveys and these miscloses and ties can also be seen
in Appendix A - Survey Control, Miscloses and Ties.
Santos / Terrex Seismic Pty Ltd 2004 Sunnybank 2D Seismic
Survey
5
MONUMENTATION
All lines were pegged at a 15 metre station interval. Wooden pegs
were placed at every station and were numbered on both sides.
Several permanent markers were placed in the survey with the
control stations being left in the ground to serve this purpose.
Permanent markers consisted of a 1650mm steel star picket driven to
give 1.2m above ground, and tagged with an aluminium plate stating
the line number and relevant station number or control number
details.
The permanent markers are listed at Appendix C - Permanent
Markers.
Santos / Terrex Seismic Pty Ltd 2004 Sunnybank 2D Seismic
Survey
6
METHOD OF SURVEY
6.1 Line Ranging
All lines were cleared by David Tickle Earthmoving contractors. The
equipment supplied to perform the clearing was a Caterpillar D6D
bulldozer and a Caterpillar 12G Grader.
The operators were experienced in preparation of seismic lines with
regards to environmental issues, and easily learnt the GPS guidance
techniques.
A Garmin 128 GPS receiver was mounted on the dozer, using a marine
beacon to improve the accuracy of the position, to supply real time
positions when cutting the seismic lines. Each lines coordinates
(supplied by the client) were uploaded onto the GPS units and each
line had a separate waypoint file.
The operator had few problems using the system but no time was lost
due to GPS equipment down time during the seismic program.
Line pointing was required almost daily to confirm the correct path
was being followed by the dozer operator. Some extra waypoints were
needed to minimise clearing of scrub, confirmed by Santos
representatives.
Santos / Terrex Seismic Pty Ltd 2004 Sunnybank 2D Seismic
Survey
6.2 Surveying and Chaining
The lines were surveyed using DSS’ RT2 real-time kinematic
surveying technique.
RT2 enables both position and elevation coordinates to be acquired
in real-time and on the appropriate datum.
The survey method utilised phase data received from US Navy NAVSTAR
Satellites to provide three-dimensional positioning. One receiver
was set up as a base station at a known location while other
receivers were used as remote rovers.
To obtain real-time capabilities, VHF telemetry is required between
the base and the remote GPS receiver. Numerous remote receivers can
be used at any given time with any base station.
NovAtel real-time kinematic methods can achieve accuracies of
better than +/-0.05m in position and elevation, depending on base
line length. The expected precision for locating pegged positions
is better than 0.3 metres and is generally better than 0.2
metres.
Initialisation of the RT2 rover GPS usually takes as little as 1-2
minutes, although this is greatly dependant on satellite geometry,
availability and base line length.
Through the thick trees, GPS heights were not accurate. There were
sections on lines 2, 4, 5 and 6 that required manual chaining. The
heights for these areas were measured using a Rapid Elevation
Meter, an instrument designed by DSS using relative changes in
pressure to measure the change in heights. All points measured are
done so at least twice, with the standard deviation between
measurements checked to ensure accurate results are obtained. The
weather can play a large part in the accuracy of the instrument,
and so the stable weather pattern throughout the REM survey
resulted in accurate repeatability of measurements.
All lines were chained at 15 metre station intervals. A numbered
wooden peg was placed at every station.
Santos / Terrex Seismic Pty Ltd 2004 Sunnybank 2D Seismic
Survey
6.3 GPS Processing and Quality Control
When using RT2, all data is recorded internally in GRiD palmtop
data loggers and downloaded to the office computer each
evening.
Quality of the satellite data is monitored by careful examination
of the various on-screen quality control statistics produced by the
software.
These checks on data integrity are in the form of standard
deviation (or sigma) values for Easting, Northing and Height and
are generally better than 0.05 metres.
Any recording of positions when the standard deviation values are
in excess of 0.1 m is highlighted to the surveyor at the time of
recording, and the GPS may be re-initialised until a more accurate
solution is calculated.
Any position which falls outside the required tolerances is flagged
for further investigation and re-recording if necessary.
Numerous checks on pre-recorded marks were observed during each
days survey. These observations confirm the integrity of the GPS
base receiver and the placed markers.
The coordinates are then checked by determining point to point
direction and distance. Profile plots are examined to identify any
height anomalies.
Santos / Terrex Seismic Pty Ltd 2004 Sunnybank 2D Seismic
Survey
7
DATA PRESENTATION
All line files were checked and finalised before the survey crew
demobilised from the prospect.
All final data was in UTM grid coordinate format on the MGA94 datum
on the GDA94 reference spheroid. All elevations were on the
Australian Height Datum (AHD71).
Files produced were:
intersec.crd All new line intersections in .crd format
All files are backed up on digital disks in the Yeppoon office for
future reference. No hard copy data was provided.
Santos / Terrex Seismic Pty Ltd 2004 Sunnybank 2D Seismic
Survey
8
SAFETY
DSS personnel are aware of safety conditions concerning all
exploration seismic surveys. The DSS “Quality Policy Statement” and
“Health, Safety and Environment Policy” were adhered to at all
times.
Each vehicle was fitted with a UHF radio, shovel, fire
extinguisher, first-aid kit, vehicle recovery equipment, and weekly
vehicle maintenance check lists.
UHF radio contact was always available between surveyors and with
the line clearing contractors, once some work was done on the
Survey radio. Regular contact was made throughout each day to
ensure trouble free operations. Personnel were required to contact
others before leaving the field.
Morning toolbox meetings highlighted any safety concerns which
personnel encountered during the previous day and ensured everyone
was informed about planned lines and progress. Some important
points that were noted were:
· Always let others know if you are leaving the prospect.
· Ensure gates are left as found.
· Use caution driving along scrubby lines, there are some stumps
just off line.
· Ensure UHF radios are on and on the correct channel.
· If you haven’t heard from others in the field for a time, check
in.
Santos / Terrex Seismic Pty Ltd 2004 Sunnybank 2D Seismic
Survey
9
All personnel were involved in Aboriginal Heritage Inductions
before the commencement of survey operations.
Temporary gates or drop-down facilities were placed where gates
could not be found near the lines, although large detours were the
norm.
Seventeen kilometres of the total distance was through heavily
timbered areas which slowed the line clearing dramatically. The
trees were predominantly Cyprus-Pines and areas had been previously
logged, leaving stumps behind that required avoiding or
removing.
Due to the nature of GPS in trees, the flagged lines were not
always exactly where the dozer GPS showed. Where this was the case,
the dozer followed the flagging, as this was where the heritage
survey had cleared.
The southern ends of line SR04-01 and the western end of line
SR04-07, just over ten kilometres, were on previously cleared lines
from the Origin 3D seismic survey (DSS Job# 03066).
A creek crossing on line SR04-07 was the only area that needed work
by the earthmoving contractors. Gravel was placed there to ensure
the crossing was not “chopped up” and rendered useless following
the traversing by a number of vehicles.
Line trace diagrams and access maps were provided to the Terrex
crew before the commencement of each area to aid in line
traversing.
Santos / Terrex Seismic Pty Ltd 2004 Sunnybank 2D Seismic
Survey
10
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The project generally ran smoothly for line clearing and survey. It
is believed this is due in large part to the people involved being
experienced at their relevant tasks.
The GPS equipment functioned well with no down time for line
clearing and little for survey. The down time for survey was a
problem with the base transmitter that required a resoldering job
which was quickly resolved in the field.
Some problems were experienced with the heritage flagged lines. The
coordinates did not exactly fit with the flagging which had the
dozer operator concerned.
This was mainly due because flagging which was placed during the
cultural heritage survey was not removed or relocated after
additional bends were placed in certain lines. This meant that the
dozer operator was sometimes having to guess between the GPS
location and the incorrect flagging on the ground.
Only parts of the lines were driven/walked during the cultural
heritage survey. This resulted in some bends being picked off the
satellite image and some bends having to be entered in the
field.
It would be recommended that if there was more time in the field
during the initial heritage survey to cover the entire program,
then all bends could be decided on the ground so that less dozer
pointing would be needed. This would remove the need to place
flagging in the field and would ensure that all parties are using
the same, one set of coordinates.
Santos / Terrex Seismic Pty Ltd 2004 Sunnybank 2D Seismic
Survey
The dozer quickly gained a lead on the survey due to the already
cleared lines on the adjacent prospect. This, in turn, caused
greater travel distances between the two when any problem was
encountered.
There were no safety incidents on the project. Signed,
Tony Morcom
APPENDIX II
APPENDIX III
(
S:\GEOPHYS\DenisonSuratBasins\2004\ATP336P\Reports\SR04Acquisition&ProcessingReport.doc-
19 )
APPENDIX III
A. GENERAL
All crew members must strictly comply with the contents of the
following publications:-
· Code of Environmental Practice, for Onshore Seismic Operations in
the Denison Trough, Queensland (2000)
· Environmental Procedures for the Management of Aboriginal
Heritage Sites (1998)
· Queensland Cultural Record Act
Disturbance to the terrain, vegetation (especially crops in arable
areas) and infrastructure from all sections of the seismic survey
is to be avoided or minimised. Recording and survey vehicles are to
keep to prepared lines or tracks. Three point turns are required
for turning. Lines intersecting roads or tracks should be concealed
with dog-legs at the discretion of the line preparation personnel
or Santos Field Representative. Public roads must have doglegs and
verges reinstated upon completion. No disturbance or restriction to
any water course. No removal of vegetation in or adjacent to
creeks/water courses.
Strict adherence to the ”Code of Conduct for Seismic Crew Pastoral
Relations, 1998” (below) is also mandatory. Restrictions imposed by
Landholders must be observed. Gates are to be returned to their
original state and fences must not be laid down unless prior
permission by the landholder has been obtained. Broken wires are to
be repaired and fences strained if necessary. Remove water only
from locations agreed to by the landholder. If in doubt, refer to
the Santos Liaison Officer (Jon Warby) or the Santos Field
Representative (John Allen).
No vibrator point is allowed within 30m of any well, pipeline or
installation. No personnel are to approach within 30m of a
producing well without completion of a hot-work permit.
No survey metal pins are to be used. All points must be marked with
wooden pegs which are to be removed after recording.
All vehicles must be thoroughly cleaned prior to, and immediately
after, working in areas known to contain exotic/noxious
weeds.
It is the responsibility of all crew personnel to report to the
Santos Field Representative (SFR) any occurrences that do not meet
the GAS criteria contained in the Code of Environmental Practice.
Environmental Report Forms must be completed for any such
occurrences that would score a “-1” or “-2”. The completion of such
forms is the responsibility of the Santos Field Representative
(SFR)
Cultural sites may be found in the area. Cultural Heritage Officers
will have already visited the area and identified sensitive areas
and sites prior to start of line preparation. These sites will be
flagged and detours made around them. All sites identified will be
reported on Environmental Report forms.
SFR will be responsible for completion of these forms.
Form G’s (Right of Entry Forms) must be carried by all personnel
when on private land.
B. CODE OF PRACTICE FOR LINE PREPARATION/SURVEY CREW
(Bold print is specific for the SR04 project)
1. Restrict lines to one blade width.
2. Move as little earth and vegetation as possible.
3. Roll or walk lines only in silcrete and gibber plain areas - no
blading.
4. Walk across claypans and consolidated flat open ground.
5. Avoid steep cuts and fills, which may cause erosion or landslide
problems.
6. Cut sand dunes to the minimum depth required for safe access and
operation.
7. Push sand to side of cut, not to bottom of dune.
8. Avoid or reduce to a minimum the formation of windrows.
9. Avoid destruction of isolated trees or stands of
vegetation.
10. Avoid unnecessary blockage of creeks and channels.
11. Include erosion control features such as spur drains on sloping
terrain.
12. Conceal lines from public roads or tracks by cutting 50 metres
short on either side or placing a dog-leg to reduce line of sight
in vegetated areas.
13. Offset crossings at drainage channels to avoid the removal of
trees and vegetation.
14. Avoid sites of natural, historical, heritage, aboriginal and
archaeological significance, known or discovered.
15. Stop and report all discoveries to supervisor.
16. All work is to be carried out with due regard to safety and
consideration/ protection of the environment (including Cultural
Heritage sites).
C. GUIDELINES FOR COMPLIANCE WITH ABORIGNAL HERITAGE ACT IN SA AND
QUEENSLAND CULTURAL RECORD ACT 1987
There are three main points under the Aboriginal Heritage Act and
Queensland Cultural Record Act 1987 relevant to field personnel or
seismic crews.
1. No aboriginal site or object can be disturbed, interfered with
or damaged.
2. All discoveries of aboriginal sites or objects must be reported
to the Minister.
3. No aboriginal artefacts can be collected.
Each one of these points carries a $50,000 fine for the company or
a $10,000 fine or 6 months imprisonment for the individual.
Santos Procedure for Aboriginal Site Avoidance
· A record of all known sites is kept in Adelaide office - this is
updated regularly. All seismic program maps are checked against
these maps before being sent to the field. Appropriate changes are
made to the program if the proposed lines cross a known site.
Specific Guidelines for Compliance with Queensland Cultural Record
Act 1987
Agreements are in place or being negotiated with relevant
Aboriginal groups for Queensland Tenures. Although variations in
the agreements exist, the following applies unless otherwise
notified:
· The seismic crew may be required to attend an induction on the
relevant group's culture and the relevant agreement.
· Line preparation will endeavour to be undertaken with
representatives of the relevant Aboriginal Group.
· The Aboriginal representatives will mark off any sites that are
on the programmed seismic lines and identify the most efficient
detours around the sites.
· These sites must be avoided in subsequent activities.
· ERFs will be prepared by the seismic contractor and forwarded to
Operations Geophysics in Adelaide.
D. SANTOS’ CULTURAL HERITAGE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
Representatives (Cultural heritage officers) of the Mandanjani
people programs will scout areas of native vegetation that are
crossed by the seismic lines for cultural sites prior to line
preparation.
Their role will be to provide cultural clearance by performing the
following tasks. (Note that a DSS surveyor or Santos field
representatives will guide them through the area.) Note that no
inspections will be necessary in areas that have been cleared for
cropping or grazing.
· Identify cultural heritage sites to be avoided.
· Peg and/or flag Cultural Heritage sites to ensure their
integrity.
· Peg and/or flag areas of significant native vegetation (agreed
between CHOs, Santos).
· Record all relevant details.
· Sign off the project as culturally cleared before moving to next
project.
The following is a summary of the strategy in place to ensure
adherence to standard Santos procedures relating to Cultural
Heritage Management and Environmental Sensitivity. In summary, this
will be achieved by:
- Daily toolbox meetings prior to work commencement to re-iterate
key issues and procedures.
· Occasional presence on the crew of Adelaide or Brisbane
environmental staff.
· Relevant landholders to be contacted for acceptance of cultural
heritage officers undertaking clearance on their property.
Detailed steps in the above strategy are as follows:
1. The crew will be issued with appropriate documentation and
handbooks, posters, etc for all personnel to access.
2. Supervision/overview of the line preparation operation and
subsequent field operations will be maintained by Santos Field
Representative, Santos Liaison Officer, DSS surveyor and NBU
Environmental Department staff.
3. All sites of archaeological or cultural heritage significance
identified during the course of the survey will be noted, pegged,
flagged, avoided and reported as per Santos procedures.
- “Environmental Report Form - Seismic” to be completed for each
site in our usual manner (Site Identification). Santos Field
Representative will be responsible for production of these
forms.
E. CODE OF CONDUCT FOR SEISMIC CREW PASTORAL RELATIONS
1. ALWAYS BEAR IN MIND YOU ARE ON SOMEONE ELSE’S PROPERTY. TREAT
LANDHOLDERS AND THEIR FAMILIES WITH COURTESY. OBEY ALL LANDHOLDER
SIGNS.
2. WHEN IN QUEENSLAND, ENSURE YOU CAN ALWAYS PRODUCE YOUR RIGHT OF
ENTRY FORMS.
3. ALWAYS REVIEW THE “LANDHOLDER NOTIFICATION, PERMISSION AND
CHECKLIST” FORM FOR THE PROPERTY YOU ARE WORKING ON TO ENSURE YOU
ARE AWARE OF ANY RESTRICTIONS OR SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS. ENSURE THIS
FORM IS DISPLAYED ON THE CREW ENVIRONMENTAL NOTICE BOARD.
4. ALWAYS LEAVE GATES AS THEY ARE FOUND. (IF YOU COME ACROSS AN
OPEN GATE REPORT IT TO THE LANDHOLDER VIA THE BIRD-DOG OR CREW
MANAGEMENT.) LIKEWISE REPORT ANY DAMAGED GATES OR FENCES.
5. DO NOT LAY DOWN FENCES UNLESS YOU HAVE SPECIFIC PERMISSION FROM
THE LANDHOLDER TO DO SO. IF SO ENSURE THEY ARE LAID DOWN AND PINNED
TO MINIMISE DAMAGE TO THE WIRES.
6. REMOVE WATER ONLY FROM THOSE LOCATIONS AGREED TO BY THE
LANDHOLDER.
7. NEVER SET UP CAMP CLOSER THAN ONE KM TO A STOCK WATERING
POINT.
8. MINIMISE OR AVOID ALL DISTURBANCES TO STOCK.
9. STAY WITHIN SPEED LIMITS AT ALL TIMES AND, IN PARTICULAR,
MINIMISE CREATION OF DUST CLOUDS ON STATION TRACKS NEAR HOMESTEADS.
LOOK OUT FOR CHILDREN AND ANIMALS IN VICINITY OF HOMESTEADS.
10. MINIMISE OR AVOID CUTTING UP TRACKS OR RIVER CROSSINGS
FOLLOWING WET WEATHER. IF UNAVOIDABLE, INFORM LANDHOLDER AND
INSTIGATE PLANS TO RECTIFY DAMAGE.
11. DO NOT STRAY FROM WORK AREAS AND KEEP OFF-LINE ACTIVITY TO A
MINIMUM (NO
SHORTCUTS!).
********************************************
NB. Non-adherence to any of the above rules will result in
disciplinary action and may possibly lead to termination of
employment or contract.
APPENDIX IV
(
S:\GEOPHYS\DenisonSuratBasins\2004\ATP336P\Reports\SR04Acquisition&ProcessingReport.doc-
26 )
TAPE LISTING FOR 2004 SUNNYBANK 2D SEISMIC SURVEY
Field Tapes
Archive Tapes
TAPE HEADER
C1 CLIENT: SANTOS LTD VOLUME: MIGRATED STACK - FILTERED SCALED C 2
SURVEY: SUNNYBANK PROCESSING 2004
C 3 AREA: ROMA
C 4 LINE: SR04-01 STATION/CDPS: 200/400-844/1688
C 5 STATION BYTES 17-20 CDPX BYTES 181-184 CDPY BYTES 185-188
C 6 PROCESSING: VELSEIS PROCESSING BRISBANE AUSTRALIA SEPTEMBER
2004 C 7 INPUT TO INTERNAL PROMAX FORMAT 2MS 3S
C 8 EDIT NOISY TRACES AND BAD RECORDS
C 9 GEOMETRY APPLICATION: ASSIGN SHOT AND RECEIVER COORDINATES C10
GAIN RECOVERY: TIME TO POWER CONSTANT 1.6
C11 CONVERSION TO MINIMUM PHASE
C12 DECONVOLUTION: SURFACE CONSISTENT SPIKING 100MS OPERATOR
0.1+ACU-PW C13 DESIGN: NEAR TRACE 7.5M 150-1500MS
C14 FAR TRACE 1800M 900-1800MS
C15 DECONVOLUTION: ZERO PHASE SPECTRAL WHITENING: 7-15-90-110 HZ
C16 STATICS: REFRACTION STATICS FROM FIRST BREAKS ANALYSIS
C17 PROCESSING DATUM: 240M REPLACEMENT VELOCITY: 2000M/S C18 MODEL
TIED TO CLIENT DATABASE
C19 MODEL SPLIT INTO SHORT AND LONG WAVE STATICS USING 1KM SMOOTHER
C20 SHORT WAVELENGTH STATICS APPLIED TO FLOATING DATUM
C21 VELOCITY ANALYSES: SMOOTHED AREA FUNCTION C22 NMO
C23 RESIDUAL STATICS: AUTOMATIC SURFACE CONSISTENT MAX STATIC: 24MS
C24 VELOCITY ANALYSES: 1000M INTERVAL
C25 CDP TRIM STATICS: THREE TRACE PILOT C26 DIP MOVEOUT
C27 VELOCITY ANALYSES: 500M INTERVAL C28 MUTE: FIRST BREAKS
C29 BALANCE: 500MS GATES OVERLAPPING BY 10+ACU- C30 CDP STACK
C31 STATICS: LONG WAVELENGTH ELEVATION STATICS APPLIED
C32 MIGRATION: STEEP DIP EXPLICIT FINITE DIFFERENCE WITH 100+ACU-
VELOCITIES C33 STATICS SHIFT +65M- TO DATUM 305M VR 2000M/S
C34 C35
C38 C39
VP/CDP RELATIONSHIPS
735500M E
Station Interval : 15m
NOTE: '0' SYMBOL REPRESENTS A 3 WAY INTERSECTION AND/OR WELL
TIE.
DATE :February 4, 2005 SCALE 1 : 50,000
( 150 ) ( 200 )COMBARNGO 1
( 114 )21CP858382
( 1033 )0 1 2 3 4 5
KILOMETRES
Mapsheet datum: "GDA94"
( 800 ) ( 600 ) ( 700 ) ( 793 ) ( 200 )328FTY1752
( 500 )
( SR 04-04 ) ( 250 ) ( 300 ) ( 400 ) ( 500 ) ( 560 ) ( 640 ) ( 720
) ( 754 )328FTY1752
( SR 04-04 )
24WV348 5
( 600 ) ( 84 -W26 ) ( 600 ) ( 500 ) ( 400 ) ( 300 ) ( 200 ) ( 98 )3
6 2 4
SUNNYBANK 1
( 390 )84-W28
BOOKOOI 1
( 698 )
( 1100 )28WV932
( SR0 4-07 ) ( 200 ) ( 240 ) ( 320 ) ( 400 ) ( 480 ) ( 560 ) ( 640
) ( 720 ) ( 800 ) ( 880 ) ( 960 ) ( 1040 ) ( 1120 ) ( 1200 ) ( 1280
) ( 1306 )51WAL53657
( SR0 4-07 )
( S H85-417 )100
( 1226 )
60E5385
7010000M
149 10 00 E 149 15 00 E 149 20 00 E
7009500M
ATP 336P ROMA
( Distribution: Interstate Pipelines Pty Ltd (T. Gilby) Dept of
Natural Resources & Mines (A. Lynam) Santos Ltd (Library)
)Prepared by: Santos A.B.N. 89 010 829 017
March 2005
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SUMMARY 4 INTRODUCTION 5 GEOLOGY 5 Bowen Basin 5 Surat Basin 5
HYDROCARBON PLAYS 6 Source 6 Seal 6 Reservoir 6 Traps 6 OBJECTIVES
6 Southeast ATP336P Roma Area 7 SEISMIC DATA ACQUISITION &
PROCESSING 8 INTERPRETATION 8 HORIZONS MAPPED 9 DATA ARCHIVE 10
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 12 REFERENCES 12
FIGURES
Figure 2 ATP336 P and SR01 Seismic Grid
Figure 3 Stratigraphy
Figure 5 Seismic Section SR04-01
Figure 6 Seismic Section SR04-07
TABLES
Table 2 Bandanna Horizon Leads
Table 3 Basement Leads
Table 4 Data Archive
Enclosure 2 Seismic Section Line SR04-07 Migration
Enclosure 3 Top Bandanna Fm Seismic Time Map
Enclosure 4 Top Basement Seismic Time Map
Enclosure 5 Bandanna Fm to Basement Isochron
Enclosure 6 Net Tinowon Sandstone Map
APPENDICES
Appendix I SR04 Seismic Acquisition, Processing Report and
Surveyor’s Report
Appendix II Recording Production Statistics
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Page 2
Appendix III Guidelines for Environmental and Cultural Heritage
Protection and Pastoral Relations
Appendix IV Data Processing Report
Appendix V Tape List, Tape Header, VP/CDP Relationships, Processing
Summary
Appendix Figure 1 Location Map
Appendix Figure 2 Seismic Grid Location Map
Appendix Figure 3 Bowen/Surat Basins Stratigraphic Chart
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Page 3
SUMMARY
The SR04 Seismic Survey was conducted in ATP336P Roma, from the
28th July to the 5th August 2005. The survey comprised seven lines
of 2D acquisition totalling approximately 76 km and was completed
with no HSE incidents.
The SR04 seismic survey was designed to address the south eastern
portion of ATP336P, where no seismic coverage existed, and areas
where the most prospective shows within the permit were recorded.
In particular a north-south line was designed through the Sunnybank
6 well, which initially flowed OTS @ 630 bopd from the Rewan ‘C’
(top) sand. The SR04 data complemented the Roma Seismic
Reprocessing Project (REFS), which was conducted concurrently and
included 1400 line kilometres of varying vintage 2D seismic that
encompassed the entire SR04 survey area.
Existing seismic within ATP336P Roma is dominated by mid 1980
vintage dynamite surveys. These show monoclinal structure dipping
eastwards into the Taroom Trough from the Roma Shelf. The Permian
Tinowon Sandstone and Triassic Rewan plays formed the focus of the
SR04 survey. Trapping mechanisms within ATP336P are typically
structural-stratigraphic in nature with pay zones often below
existing seismic resolution. The majority of the SR04 survey was
located in the southeast portion of the permit in an attempt to
image the Tinowon sandstone and mature either anticlinal or
stratigraphic traps.
The SR04 survey did not highlight any major structural or
stratigraphic features or trapping mechanisms within ATP336P Roma.
Within the survey limits, the monoclinal ramp structure dipping
from west to east was again present. Variations in the isochron
between the Bandanna Coal and basement indicate possible variations
in depositional environment which in turn could indicate variations
in reservoir. However this play is considered a very high risk at
this time as the Sunnybank wells appear to have tested the isochron
thick. Minor structural leads were identified. The imaging of the
Sunnybank trap also failed to further improve the understanding of
the stratigraphic trapping mechanism present due to the subseismic
nature of reservoir sands.
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INTRODUCTION
The ATP 336 Roma is located in eastern Queensland and covers both
the Permo-Triassic Bowen Basin and the Jurassic-Cretaceous Surat
Basin (Figure 1). The ATP was awarded on October 1, 2003 and will
be up for renewal in September 2007. Associated Petroleum Pty Ltd
(Santos Ltd) holds an 85% (operator) stake whilst Interstate
Pipelines Pty Ltd (Sunshine Gas Ltd) holds 15% of the permit. The
ATP surrounds the Roma PL’s on the northern, eastern and southern
side in two unconnected areas.
The SR04 seismic was recorded in the south east portion of the
permit to try and further define the Rewan and Tinowon plays
(Figure 2). In order to build up full fold small incursions were
made into ATP631 (Origin Energy CSG Ltd operator), ATP647P (Starzap
Pty Ltd operator), ATP 375 (Origin Energy CSG Ltd operator) and ATP
336P W (Associated Petroleum Pty Ltd operator).
Where necessary approval was sought for entry into the required
permits prior to the beginning of the survey.
GEOLOGY
Bowen Basin
The Permian Triassic Bowen Basin formed under a Retro-arc Foreland
Basin setting. Structurally the Basin experienced extension within
the Early Permian followed by a period of thermal sag.
The mid-late Permian saw a period of compression often resulting in
the inversion of normal faults.
The Bowen Basin depocentre is located to the east of the permit
area, and is approximately 300m thick at the eastern edge of the
permit, thinning to the west as the dips reduce over the Roma
shelf. The Permian consists of interbedded shales, sands and coals
(Figure 3) of fluvial to marine origin, and includes proven oil and
gas reserves. The Permian also contains considerable fractions of
volcanolithics, which in places degrades porosities.
Surat Basin
The Surat Basin is more gently structured than the Bowen, and
displacements are generally not expressed as faults on seismic, but
as flextures. The largest structuring occurs in the Hutton-
Wallumbilla region and the Grafton Range field, located some 45km
to the north west of the survey area. The Basin underwent a period
of compression during the Early-Late Cretaceous which caused
northern uplift and tilting to the southeast.
The Precipice Sandstone, the major gas producer on the Roma Shelf,
unconformably overlies Permo-Triassic sediments and is the basal
formation of the Surat Basin. Moving off the Roma shelf high sees
the Triassic Snake Creek Mudstone acting as a regional seal. When
present and where no faulting has provided vertical conduits, the
mudstone causes hydrocarbons to be trapped within the Triassic and
Permian sequences, with little hydrocarbon trapping within the
overlying Jurassic sequences. This forms the geological case within
the SR04 survey area.
D:\QDEX\sunnybank\SR04 Sunnybank Final Report.doc
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HYDROCARBON PLAYS
Source
Permian coals form the main source of the Roma hydrocarbons
although minor production and shows within the Evergreen Fm are
locally sourced. The migration path is from the centre of the
Taroom trough westwards along bedding planes and faults.
Seal
The hydrocarbons are expected to be sealed by the Snake Creek
Mudstone and by intra- formational seals within the Permian, the
Triassic Rewan Fm and the Evergreen Fm.
Reservoir
The Precipice reservoir is expected to be water wet in the survey
area, the primary objective being the Permian reservoirs, ie
Lorelle Sst and Tinowon Sst and sands within the Rewan Fm. The
Showgrounds Sst forms the secondary reservoir target.
Traps
Two trap types are envisaged:
1. Independent four way dip closure along west-east trending
basement highs
1. A stratigraphic trap being formed by either the absence of
reservoir along the crest of a plunging nose or as an embayment
style pinchout.
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of the SR04 survey was to further define the Tinowon
and Rewan plays within ATP336P. This was aimed to be achieved by
firstly imaging any structural and stratigraphic trapping
mechanisms that may be present within the south-eastern portion of
the permit and secondly, through further defining the extent of
existing traps.
Existing seismic within the permit is dominated by mid 1980 vintage
dynamite surveys with some 1970’s lines present. Prior to the SR04
survey the south eastern portion of the permit was devoid of
seismic coverage (Enclosure 1). The north-south trending Taroom
Trough forms the eastern axis for Surat and Bowen Basins. It is
here that the regional source, the Permian Blackwater Group is
found. This currently exhibits both an oil and gas generating
maturity towards the south east portion of the trough.
Migration pathways from source to trap are typically along
permeable sandstone carrier beds with faults acting as conduits
through both regional (Snake Creek Mudstone) and localised (Tinowon
Siltstone) seals. Trapping mechanisms within the permit are
typically structural-stratigraphic in nature with pay zones often
below existing seismic resolution. Faulting styles within the
permit are either normal, caused by Early Permian extension,
reverse, caused by late Permian contraction or a combination of
both in zones subjected to reactivation.
D:\QDEX\sunnybank\SR04 Sunnybank Final Report.doc
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Southeast ATP336P Roma Area
The Permian Tinowon Sandstone play is currently the most active
play within Eastern Queensland. The Tinowon Formation was deposited
in a fluvial deltaic environment with reservoir quality forming the
critical risk for this play. All large conventional structures have
been drilled, however, and remaining potential will be in smaller
structures, not identified by the existing seismic grid, and
stratigraphic traps. Recent drilling activity for the Tinowon has
utilised air-nitrogen underbalanced techniques in an attempt to
minimise reservoir damage. The Churchie Field (Santos 51%, Mosaic
49% (Operator)) along with Origin Energy’s Myall Creek Field are
currently the main areas of activity for this play. Combined, the
two fields have a 2P resource of over 70 Bcf. Flow rates greater
than 5 MMscf/d have been recorded for both fields. Analysis of
wells within the Tinowon fairway has indicated several paleovalleys
which appear to control reservoir quality for Tinowon producing
fields. Utilising gamma and sonic net sand cutoffs based on well
data, a southwest-northeast trending net sand thickening (Enclosure
6) becomes apparent through the southeast corner of ATP336P,
downdip of Appletree 1 and Tinowon 1. The majority of the SR04
survey was located here in an attempt to image the Tinowon
sandstone and mature either anticlinal or stratigraphic
traps.
The Rewan play is another emerging play in the area with similar
reservoir quality issues. The Rewan is bound above and below by
regional unconformity surfaces that negate the use of isopachs and
other well based mapping techniques to determine depositional
trends. Updip, Sunnybank 6 (2003) was a recent test of bypassed pay
within the Rewan “C” sand where a fault bound stratigraphic
trapping mechanism is present. On DST, the well flowed OTS @ 650
bopd with GTS @ 0.34 MMscf/d. This zone exhibited 1.7m of category
1 net pay, deposited as a fluvial channel sand. Early indications
from a three hour production test recorded a stabilised oil rate of
630 bopd with 1.5 MMscf/d of gas. Well control to the north, west
and east indicates a lack of this reservoir however minimal well
control exists to the south. A north-south line through Sunnybank 6
was designed in an attempt to image a possible thickening of the
reservoir to the south, and to provide a location for a possible
appraisal well.
D:\QDEX\sunnybank\SR04 Sunnybank Final Report.doc
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SEISMIC DATA ACQUISITION & PROCESSING
Both Acquisition and processing are detailed in Appendix 1.
Enclosure 2 is a sample of the processed seismic time section for
SR04-07.
The seismic lines recorded and those re-processed within close
proximity of the SR04 survey are shown within Table 1.
Survey
Line
Table1 INTERPRETATION
The data was interpreted and the raw data gridded on Geoframe
4.0.4.2 utilising a grid cell size of 250m. Sunnybank 6 was the
most recent well within the interpretation area. This well was
utilised to generate an initial synthetic (Figure 4) and to provide
a starting point for the interpretation. Contouring and map
production was done within the Petrosys dbmap package.
D:\QDEX\sunnybank\SR04 Sunnybank Final Report.doc
Page 8
HORIZONS MAPPED
(Enclosure 3)
The Top Bandanna Fm seismic horizon represents the coals at the top
of the formation. The map is used to evaluate structuring at the
reservoirs close to it, i.e. Basal Rewan Formation and Showgrounds
Sandstone. Moving from west to east sees a rapid change from the
Roma Shelf to the northwest into the monoclinal ramp structure that
extends into the Taroom trough. This change is also seen in Figure
6, along line SR04-07. Moving north to south along SR04-01 (Figure
5) sees a slight shallowing of the Bandanna Coal to basement
section.
Three structural leads exist at this level, outlined in Table 2.
The leads consist of structural noses, downthrown fault blocks and
small closures. The basement faulting which creates an isolated
fault block within the Sunnybank area is less visible at the
Bandanna TWT level.
Bandanna Horizon Leads
Closure sq km
(Enclosure 4)
The Basement time map is used to evaluate structuring of the
Permian reservoirs. Again the TWT map indicates a monoclinal
structure dipping eastward. Structural leads at this level consist
of noses, downthrown fault blocks and small closures. These leads
and their respective sizes are listed in Table 3. The Sunnybank
area is part of an isolated fault block with the possibility of the
two faults converging to the north. Although the trapping for this
area is within sands of the Triassic Rewan Formation, this
downthrown basement fault block may have formed a focal point for
sedimentation at later times.
Basement Leads
(Enclosure 5)
The Bandanna Isochron is relevant for any intra-Permian
stratigraphic traps. It is assumed that the Permian sands may be
thicker where the sedimentary interval thickens. Four noticeable
features occur within and nearby to the SR004 survey area. A north
northwest to south south east trending isochron thick extends along
some of the length of SR04-01. This follows the approximate
orientation of the main western fault in the area and falls on the
down thrown side of this fault where increased sedimentation would
be expected. Another anomaly trending approximately
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Page 9
northwest to southeast within the vicinity of the Sunnybank wells
also occurs. Two southwest to northeast trending isochron thicks
begin within the vicinity of line 84-w22.
These thicker packages may represent fluvial paths within the
Permian Formations. Moving off the Roma Shelf high into the Taroom
Trough sees the unconformity surface between the Triassic and
Permian units become more conformable.
DATA ARCHIVE
The Geoframe Project “roma_client” which contains the SR04 data,
has been archived on Exabyte tape. This report, figures and
enclosures as well as gridded and contoured data, faults and
polygons have also been archived on that tape. Table 4 contains the
locations of all files within Santos’ unix system.
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Page 11
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
The SR04 seismic survey was conducted in a safe, environmentally
responsible and timely manner.
The seismic mapping indicates that there are three and eight
structural leads present at the Rewan and Tinowon reservoir levels
respectively. The survey however has not increased the
understanding of the trapping mechanisms within the Sunnybank area
due to the subseismic nature of the 1.7m category 1 net pay present
here. The area north of the SR04 seismic survey still contains
large areas that contain either no seismic data or only sparse 1972
vintage regional lines. Any future seismic survey in that area
should be targeted where reservoir quality is likely to be more
favourable than at the Sunnybank area.
Two Bandanna Coal to basement isochron thickenings occur within the
vicinity of the Sunnybank area trending north northwest to south
southeast and northwest to southeast. These may indicate Permian
and Triassic fluvial paths. However the seismic resolution is of
marginal quality for detailed stratigraphic work, due to the high
amplitude coals present.
References
Page 12
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