s1 Homework Book

WORD CLASSES

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

S1HOMEWORK

BOOKLET

CAPITAL LETTERS AND FULL STOPSYou might feel that you can do this inside out if so, then this homework should be easy! I bet you still forget to put capital letters and full stops in the correct places in your schoolwork though. And not just English; you should be writing beautiful accurate sentences in all subjects. Remember that!

Exercise A

Rewrite this passage putting in the capital letters and all the full stops.

here is a famous problem called the monty hall problem which i have included in this book because it illustrates what i mean there used to be a column called ask marilyn in a magazine called parade in america and this column was written by marilyn vos savant and in the magazine it said that she had the highest iq in the world in the guinness book of records hall of fame in the column she answered maths questions set by readers in september 1990 this question was sent in by craig f whitaker of columbia maryland

This extract was taken from The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time by Mark Haddon...

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Lines continued on next page if you need them.

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

How confident do you feel about CAPITAL LETTERS AND FULL STOPS?

Great!

Got a few wrongNeed practice

Spelling

Focus: shun words

1. discussion

2. magician

3. completion

4. promotion

5. passion

6. collision

7. opposition

8. emotion

9. possession

10. electrician

PARAGRAPHSA paragraph is a group of sentences about one main idea. It can be as short or as long as you like.

The topic of a paragraph is generally introduced by a key sentence. This is often called a topic sentence. As its name suggests, this sentence contains the central idea of the paragraph. It may make a statement that the rest of the sentence develops. It often - but not always - comes at the beginning of the paragraph.

Topic sentence - the first sentence of a paragraph that tells the reader what the paragraph is about.

Supporting sentences - these sentences add details to the topic sentence.

Ending sentence - this concludes or closes the paragraph.If in doubt, make your paragraphs shorter rather than longer. Long paragraphs are difficult to read.

Take a new paragraph for a change in:

Time

Speaker

Place

Exercise AWrite a topic sentence for each of these examples.

1. .. One of the most popular is Edinburgh Castle which is situated at the top of the Royal Mile.

2. Juices and sodas have a lot of sugar in them and aren't a good source, so if you drink them, they don't count towards your daily amount. Diet sodas aren't a good choice either. Herbal teas that aren't diuretic are fine.3. They make great company; they are independent, loving and clean and are remarkably easy to look after, especially if you have a cat flap to allow the cat to roam freely outside. Exercise BRewrite this chunk of text correctly, making it into 3 paragraphs.

That morning I was so nervous, I couldnt eat any breakfast. I got dressed in my new uniform and felt like a bit of a prat actually, in my new blazer, nearly two sizes too big. I felt better when I met my friends at the bus stop. They looked as frightened as me. When the bell rang for the start of school, a teacher came to collect us and take us to our first lesson.

................How confident do you feel about PARAGRAPHS?Great!


Spelling

Focus: antonym prefixes

1. impatient

2. misbehave

3. unfortunate

4. antibiotic

5. irregular

6. impractical

7. incredible

8. immature

9. misplace

10. unrealistic

COMMONLY CONFUSED WORDSSome words are often confused. We are going to sort this out! The definitions for the commonly confused words are in the boxes at the top of each exercise.

Exercise A

1. The village was .and peaceful.

2. It is .beautiful and I am .content here.3. I am .happy to turn it down if it is not .enough for you.4. After a ..noisy start the class were .. .. .Exercise B

Choose from the following pairs of words to complete the sentences.

Past/passeda) Its all in the ..

b) We a fairground on the way.

Addition/editiona) The later .. of the paper is better.

b) The baby is a new .. to the family.

Exercise C1. Having set .. in the wrong direction, he then fell .. his bicycle.

2. A kilogram ..potatoes, .. course, makes a lot .. chips.

3. I should .. gone, and I could .gone!

4. How many .. you felt .. colour at the weekend?How confident do you feel about CONFUSED WORDS?

Great!


Spelling

Focus: subject specific vocabulary Art

1. gallery

2. highlight

3. illusion

4. kiln

5. palette

6. pastel

7. perspective

8. portrait

9. sketch10. spectrum

COMMON SPELLING ERRORS

Weve been working at improving our spelling each week. Its time to put you to the test!

Exercise A

Spot the spelling mistake in each of the following sentences and write the misspelled word out correctly.

1. Our holiday acommodation was terrific.

The correct spelling is ..

2. There is an introduction at the begginning of this book.


3. There is a huge busness park on the edge of town.

The correct spelling is ....

4. The Prime Minister was very definate on his decision to change the law.


5. You look very disapointed.


6. The man looked very embarased when his hat blew off.


7. I write in my dairy every day.


8. Vandalism damages the envioment.


9. Is it necesary to wear make-up to school?


10. Those lines are paralel.


Exercise BUse a dictionary to find the missing consonants.

1. campai____n

2. colum____

3. cons_____ience

4. desi____n

5. ex____aust

6. Feb____uary

7. knowle_____ge

8. lis____en

9. obstac___e

10. ras___berry

11. reco____nise

12. tec___nique

13. tex_____ure

14. autum___

How confident do you feel about SPELLING?

Great!


Spelling

Focus: subject spelling English

1. narrator

2. onomatopoeia

3. pamphlet

4. paragraph

5. personification

6. playwright

7. prefix

8. resolution

9. rhyme

10. simile

See what happens if you dont practise!

WORD CLASSESWords are divided into different classes. Here are three of them: noun (naming word); verb (doing word) and adjective (describing word).Exercise A

Identify what the words below are from the following sentence, by underlining, circling or highlighting.There was a lovely flower in the house but the dog ate it which caused a fight1. house

noun/verb/adjective

2. eat

noun/verb/adjective

3. flower

noun/verb/adjective

4. lovely

noun/verb/adjective

5. fight

noun/verb/adjective

Exercise B

Now, pick out all the nouns and verbs from this extract.

Alan sighed and picked up the brush. He looked at the painting. He had finished the trees and the fields, but had to complete the sky. He also wanted to paint in some people, cows and birds to make it more interesting.

Nouns (naming words)Verbs (doing words)

Exercise CFill the spaces below with a suitable word:Leaning back in a wicker chair sat Doctor Pimm, a plump, red-faced man with a shiny, _________________ head and _________________, beady eyes. His wife Jane, was a tall, _____________ freckled woman with closely-cropped ___________________ hair.

The words which fit the spaces above are: nouns/ verbs/ adjectives (please circle the correct one).

How confident do you feel about identifying NOUNS, VERBS and ADJECTIVES?

Great!


Spelling

Focus: vowel choices

1. beat

2. sweet

3. bright

4. white

5. wheat

6. might

7. heat

8. knight

9. bite10. seat

SENTENCE TYPES

Its time to move on to sentences. They come in three main types:

Simple sentence will have one complete verb and a subject making one main idea.

Compound sentence joins two or more main ideas together with words like and, but, nor, then and yet.

Complex sentence have more than one idea; a main idea which makes sense on its own, and a subordinate clause which depends on the main clause and would not make sense on its own.

Exercise A

Combine two simple sentences to make a compound sentence using the words and, but, nor, then and yet. Note, there is only one complete verb in each simple sentence.

1. He fell off his bike. He really hurt himself.

2. Buy a new car at this price. Youll never regret it.

3. Shes been playing music for two hours. Its driving me mad.

Exercise B

Underline the subordinate clause in each of these sentences.

1. Keen to go home, Roy threw a tantrum.

2. Speaking from his heart, he displayed how he really felt.

3. My barber, who is very wealthy, has cut his prices.

4. Until the bridge was built, people crossed the river by boat.

5. Whenever it snows, the mountains look beautiful.

Exercise C

Identify whether these sentences are simple, complex or compound. Underline the main clause(s) in each sentence to help you.

1. I was late so I ran for the bus.

.

2. Its for John who lives in New York.

.

3. Today was a good day.

.

4. Like all his friends, he has a devilish grin.

.

5. I love pizza so I eat it all the time.

.

6. Despite losing, he played it again.

.

7. She opened the door of the cage.

.

8. After seeing that, I never went again.

.

How confident do you feel about identifying SENTENCE TYPES?Great!


Spelling Focus: plurals of words ending in -y

1. babies

2. monkeys

3. parties

4. trays

5. lollies

6. cries

7. days

8. jellies

9. keys

10. worries

COMPLEX SENTENCES

You need to know about different types of sentence so that you add variety to your writing. Make sure you use complex sentences as well as compound and simple ones.

Exercise A

Combine each pair of sentences into one sentence containing a subordinate clause.

1. John was travelling by train. He was going to visit his grandma.

.

2. The dog growled at the man. It moved closer to him.

.

3. The manager was in a desperate hole. He mumbled that it was a game of two halves.

.

.

Exercise BWrite a sentence with a subordinate clause, using each of the following words to start it.

1. Going ..

.

2. Having

.

3. Wearing .

.

Exercise C

Identify the main clauses and the subordinate clauses in these complex sentences by highlighting in different colours.

1. Her giant poster of Johnny Depp fell off the wall while she was asleep.

2. Although I was tired, I stayed up late to do my homework.

3. Our team lost the match, even though our striker was brilliant.

4. Since Penny was late for the third time this week, Mr Edwards put her in detention.

5. Alison, who went out with Tony, is now going out with Adam.

How confident do you feel about identifying MAIN CLAUSES AND SUBORDINATE CLAUSES?Great!


Spelling Focus: plurals1. calves

2. radios

3. skis

4. thieves

5. umbrellas

6. knives

7. tomatoes

8. tattoos

9. potatoes

10. heroesCOMMON & PROPER NOUNS & CAPITAL LETTERS

You already know that nouns are naming words, but did you know that you get common and proper nouns?

Common nouns used for general people, places and things e.g. girl.

Proper nouns for particular people, places and things e.g. Edinburgh. Proper nouns must begin with a capital letter.

Exercise A

Sort these nouns into common and proper nouns:

Common NounsProper Nouns

Exercise B

Copy the passage onto the space on the next page, putting capital letters where needed (there should be 35) and underlining all nouns.

my cousin ella was coming from hong kong to spend christmas with us in devon. as i had never met her i was really excited. her father and mother, my uncle charles and aunt anne worked for the foreign office and they were being sent to china with british airways. ella was travelling down from london on the riviera express and we were to meet her at exeter station on the friday, the day before christmas eve. on boxing day we were going to see cinderella at the theatre royal, plymouth. How confident do you feel about identifying COMMON & PROPER NOUNS?

Great!


Spelling

Focus: soft c

1. century

2. cistern

3. cyclone

4. cinnamon

5. decision

6. incident

7. circle

8. accident

9. circuit

10. ceiling

CONCRETE, ABSTRACT & COLLECTIVE NOUNSTheres more! Nouns are also broken into concrete and abstract nouns.

Abstract noun the name of something we cannot see, hear or touch (e.g. love, freedom).

Concrete noun the name of something we can see, hear and touch (e.g. tree).

Collective noun the name for a special group of people or animals (e.g. choir, crew, audience, herd).

Exercise A

Sort these 4 concrete nouns and 4 abstract nouns and put them in the list: hatred, thought, pyjamas, honesty, toast, ice, happiness, mouse.

Concrete NounsAbstract Nouns

Exercise B

What is the collective noun for each of these groups? (You might have to look some up).NounCollective Noun

Bees

Cards

Players

Sheep

Puppies

Fish

Geese

Exercise CPick out the nouns in the passage below and identify them. It was a bitterly cold Saturday in February. Liz and her brother Danny, were watching a choir in total happiness, snowflakes settling gently on their shoulders and eyelashes.

NounType of Noun

How confident do you feel about identifying NOUNS?

Great!


Spelling

Focus: plurals1. balloons

2. kisses

3. sisters

4. lunches

5. watches

6. boxes

7. meals

8. girls

9. churches

10. buses

MAKING VERBS AGREEVerbs take different forms depending on their tense. The verb to be looks like this in the present and the past tense.

Exercise A

Look carefully at the verb tables above and choose the correct verb forms in these sentences.

1. The chickens was/were kept in a large pen.

2. I is/am/are hoping to see you soon.

3. There is/are a long row of houses.

4. We was/were thirty altogether in the class.

5. Mr and Mrs Smith is/are living at 4 Reiver Avenue.

Exercise BThere are 11 mistakes of agreement in this passage. Rewrite it, underlining your corrections.

There is hundreds of rabbits at Holly Farm. Almost everybody like rabbits except the farmer, Mr. Davis, and he hate them because they eats his cabbages and digs holes in his fields. He and his son tries to scare them off but it do not work. The number of rabbits continue to grow and Mr Davis have had enough. He and his son says they is going to call in the Pest Control Officer.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

How confident do you feel about MAKING VERBS AGREE?Great!

Got a few wrong

Need practice

Spelling 18

Focus: strategies for learning spellings

1. benefited

2. chaos

3. chemistry

4. conscience

5. cupboard

6. description

7. environment

8. February

9. fiend

10. hymn

ADVERBSNow you know about nouns, verbs and adjectives, its time to learn about adverbs. Adverbs describe verbs. They tell you how, when and where things are done.

To identify adverbs you can:

Find the verb in the sentence, then ask yourself the where, when or how question. The word that tells you the answer is the adverb.

Or you can often identify adverbs by finding words ending in ly. Remember though, lots of adverbs do not end in ly (like yesterday, fast etc).

Exercise A

Identify the adverbs in the sentences below by underlining, circling or highlighting.

1. She smiled cheerfully at her boyfriend.

2. I quickly put the keys down.

3. My dad is coming here soon.

4. Dale was shaking terribly and muttering incoherently.

5. He slammed the glass down hard on the side.

6. The journey was mercifully short.Exercise B

Now add in adverbs to these sentences to make them more interesting.

1. Talk __________________ or you will waken the baby.

2. He frowned, and then looked at Jason _____________________.

3. He went home ______________________.

4. He plays pool ___________________.

5. Ill be ready _________________________.

________________ Im going to the dentist.

6. Exercise CIn Box A are five verbs and in Box B are five adverbs. Use them in 1-5 to complete the sentences.

1. Kelly _____________ the exam ________________.

2. The plane _________________ _______________ the house.

3. The vet _____________ the news to the old lady _____________.

4. How many __________________ their homework ________________?

5. Is the programme _______________ so _________________?

How confident do you feel about identifying ADVERBS?Great!


Spelling

Focus: doubling consonants

1. mopping

2. feeling

3. burning

4. dragging

5. disgusting

6. running

7. stopped

8. begging

9. writing

10. hiding

PREPOSITIONSA preposition is an important little word which shows the position of one noun or pronoun in relation to another.

These are all words which can be used as prepositions:

to

at

before

after

since

on

off

under

beneath

above

against

until

near

with

without

of

across

for

from

over

around

by

along

between

among

opposite

below

through

beside

up

in

Exercise A

Use a suitable preposition from the list above to complete each of these sentences. Do not use the same one twice!

1. The cat sat the mat.

2. Alice went the looking glass.

3. Jack went the hill Jill.

4. Pride comes a fall.

5. Greg was guilty apostrophe crime.

6. Ailsa was similar Molly.

7. Alright, you can stay twelve.

8. Who set the cat the pigeons?

9. The cow jumped the moon.10. You wont get in a ticket.11. Sinbad sailed the sea.12. E.T. came Outer Space.Exercise B

Which preposition would be most suitable to use with each of these words?

1. Ashamed

2. Rely

3. Involved

4. Afraid

5. According

6. Responsible

7. Comment

8. Prevented

9. Apologise

10. Opposite

11. Interfere

12. Blame

13. Exposed

14. Divide

How confident do you feel about PREPOSITIONS?

Great!


Spelling


1. psyche

2. psychiatrist

3. psychologist

4. rhyme

5. rhythm

6. separate

7. siege

8. Wednesday

9. minute

10. diary

PRONOUNS

A pronoun is a word which is used instead of a noun. There are a few different kinds of pronouns but were going to start first with personal pronouns.

Subject Form

(the person/thing doing the verb)Object Form

(the person/thing having the verb done to them)

I Me

You You

HeHim

SheHer

ItIt

WeUs

You (plural)You

TheyThem

Exercise A

Rewrite the passage below using some of the above pronouns instead of the underlined nouns.

Lewis and Lucy had tickets for a concert which Lewis and Lucy had bought when Lewis and Lucy were in London. Unfortunately, Lewis and Lucy had lost the tickets. Lucy said, Lucy remembers Lucy gave the tickets to Lewis.

What is Lucy talking about? Lewis replied. Lucy knows Lewis hasnt seen the tickets.

..

..............

A possessive pronoun is a word used without a noun to show something belongs to someone/something. E.g. mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours and theirs.Exercise B

Rewrite these sentences using a possessive pronoun. E.g. Johns seat becomes his seat.

1. I thought that pencil was Karens.2. You said we were going to your house.3. We said wed share our umbrella with them.4. Jenny and Neil said the CD belonged to them.5. Hey! That cake belongs to me!How confident do you feel about PRONOUNS?

Great!


Spelling

Focus: subject spelling Art

1. abstract

2. acrylic

3. charcoal

4. collage

5. collection

6. colour

7. dimension

8. easel

9. exhibition

10. friezeBUILDING SENTENCES CONJUNCTIONS Who, whose, which and that are very useful for joining sentences. E.g. This is John. + He is a postman. = This is John who is a postman.

Exercise AJoin each pair of sentences using who, whose, which or that.1. This is my aunt.

She is thirty years old.

..

2. We were attacked by midgies.

The bites are really itchy...

3. That is David Ellis

He built his own car.

..

4. We are going with Lucy.

Her dad has a flat in Wick.

..

5. She used to be in Eastenders.

It is a soap opera.

..

6. This is my dog Alf.

His mother was a Crufts champion.

..

7. We are country people.

We need public transport.

..

8. They flew first class to New York.

It was rather expensive.

..

9. Do you know Karen?

She lives in Dunblane.

..10. Where is the toy train?

It makes a funny noise.

..

Remember, conjunctions are joining words. Here are eleven conjunctions which give great variety in your writing.

Exercise B

Join these groups of sentences using the above words.

1. The lady hurried to catch the lift. I held the door open. She was extremely old.

..

..

2. Lisa was not placed. Danni came first. Both sisters competed.

..

..

3. There was a violent thunderstorm. The sky was almost black. It was unbelievably hot.

..

..

How confident do you feel about BUILDING SENTENCES?

Great!

Got a few wrong

Need practice

Spelling

Focus: common letter clusters

1. Australia

6. weight

2. practice

7. notice

3. mourn

8. claustrophobia

4. drought

9. because

5. learn

10. apprentice

BUILDING VOCABULARY

Dictionaries are useful things, but they werent always around. The first major English dictionary was written by a man called Dr. Samuel Johnson in 1755. It took him about 10 years to complete. Because Johnson wrote most of it himself, he allowed humour to come into some of his definitions. Heres one you might enjoy: "Oats: a grain which in England is generally given to horses, but in Scotland supports the people. You can probably guess that Johnson wasnt a fan of the Scots. But dont let that put you off!Exercise ANow to get on with building your vocabulary; here are some words you might find useful if you were to meet Dr. Johnson. Find the definitions and write them on the dotted lines.

1. lexicographer

..

2. malicious

..

3. lucid

..

4. pithy

..

5. postulate

..

6. proficiency

..

Exercise BIts time you wrote down 5 interesting words you dont know and find the definitions. To find them, just listen to what people say on the television, in newspapers, at school and at home. You must find five words. No excuses!

WORDDEFINITION

How confident do you feel about BUILDING YOUR VOCABULARY?

Great!


Spelling

Focus: -able and ible endings

1. adorable

2. probable

3. terrible

4. possible

5. horrible

6. reliable

7. miserable

8. invincible

9. respectable

10. credibleAPOSTOPHES

Apostrophes look like this:

They are used to show that:

a letter is missing e.g wouldnt (=would not). This is called OMISSION.

something belongs to someone/something. This is called POSSESSION.

A lot of people make mistakes in using apostrophes (just look at pub menus and shop names), but YOU wont be one of them! Exercise A

Put the apostrophe in the correct place to show the OMISSION of letters. Write the word correctly on the dotted line.

1. I shouldnt go to the concert, but I will.

..

2. Shell be a bit late Im afraid.

..

3. Its a shame Lucy cant be there...

4. Whenre you coming back?

..Exercise B

Now for possession. Please note, if something belongs to more than one person or thing, the apostrophe goes after the end of the word. E.g. The girls toilets = the toilets belonging to the girls.1. Alfs pencil case was broken.

.

2. The cat is at Erins house.

..

3. The teachers staffroom is a sacred place.

..

4. All the dictionaries covers were torn.

..

5. I told you Alexs girlfriend was hot!

..Exercise COne of the most commonly wrongly used apostrophe words is its. Thats because if something belongs to it, you DO NOT put in an apostrophe between the t and the s. After all, you wouldnt say something belonging to him was his, would you? I know it breaks the rule of belonging, but just remember: only use its if it means IT IS or IT HAS.

Now, write the missing its or its correctly in the gaps.

1. ... too late, Ive already lost it.

2. Gosh! .. hot today isnt it?

3. The dog has cut . paw.

4. This pencil Miss, .... lead is totally broken!

5. Whens he going to tell us . ready?

How confident do you feel about APOSTROPHES?

Great!


Spelling

Focus: suffixes

1. manager

2. occasional

3. fiercest

4. hopeful

5. merciless

6. originally

7. exceptional

8. thankless

9. likely

10. beautiful

AVOIDING APOSTROPHE CRIMESRemember the rules on the use of the apostrophe? Apostrophes are used for.. OMISSION (missing letters out) AND POSSESSION (showing something belongs to someone or something).

The exception to the rule is How do you know when to use its or its? (HINT: Look back at the work on apostrophes you did before).

Its = .Its = .Exercise A

Put the apostrophe(s) in the correct places in these sentences.

1. My best friends sister is called Jodie.

2. I havent done my homework.

3. The boys changing rooms stink!4. If they go down the shops, theyll miss the start of the football.

5. Andys project is brilliant.

6. Thats not my monster! Its skin is too rough.7. Youre my best friend said Lucy.

8. Michelle shouldve caught the half-eight bus, but she missed it.

9. Im always later for school in the mornings, its my dads fault.

10. Weve won lots of cups this year; were the Borders best school.

Exercise BNow try putting the apostrophe in these ones1. Im sure its hurt, its got its wing stretched out.2. When were done well do ours and then theyll do theirs.

3. I dont know why mens toilets are always smellier than ladies.

4. The planes are about to take off - hear the roar of the aircrafts engines!

5. Im watching Sundays game in an hours time.

Exercise C

Use apostrophes and an s to change the clumsy phrases below into a quicker way of saying the same thing. E.g. The hat belonging to Joe = Joes hat1. the hutch belonging to the rabbit

2. the edge belonging to the cliff

How confident do you feel about APOSTROPHES?Great!


Spelling


1. jealous

2. jewellery

3. knight

4. liaison

5. library

6. medicine

7. miniature

8. mnemonics

9. parliament10. rhythmVOCABULARY BUILDING

To make your writing better, you not only have to be able to write fluid, interesting sentences, you also have to use interesting and varied words to really get across what you mean. Get into the habit of noting down and looking up unknown words in the dictionary (try to do at least 3 a week). This week, youre being given a helping hand to start you off. Its a joy learning new words and this is your next task.

Exercise ALook up the definitions of these words and write them down underneath them.

1. impudent

..2. discretion

..

3. intuition

..4. audacity

..5. infallible

..

6. anecdote

..1. specious

..Exercise B

Next you need to know where to look to find interesting words to replace more commonplace ones in your writing. The answer lies in the thesaurus.

To use a thesaurus:

look up the word you want to replace, just as you would in the dictionary e.g. nice.

youll find lots of other words that mean the same as nice in different ways. For example, pleasant, kind, polite, good, fine, lovely.

Look up the following words in the thesaurus and write down three of the alternatives underneath them.

1. say

..1. hope

..NOW TRY AND LEARN SOME OF THE MORE UNUSUAL ONES!

How confident do you feel about looking things up in a DICTIONARY and THESAURUS?

Great!


Spelling Focus: unstressed vowels

1. animal

2. literate

3. jewellery

4. lettuce

5. difference

6. definitely

7. parallel

8. similar

9. television

10. referenceSPEECH MARKS

You need to use speech marks (inverted commas) to show speech. The words in the inverted commas show the exact words spoken.

Where you write the closing speech mark, there is always a punctuation mark inside the speech marks.

Each utterance begins with a capital letter. E.g. He said, We should have gone too.

If youre writing sentence that has normal prose and then speech, a comma before the words spoken.

Use a comma if speech continues in the same sentence. E.g. Yes, replied Arthur, I am.

Take a new line if a different person is speaking

Indent the beginning of speech slightly.Exercise ARewrite the sentences, punctuating them correctly using speech marks.

1. I must go home now said anne

..

2. father thundered sit down at once

..3. do you think he did it asked jenny softly

..4. the man said you have forgotten your change

..5. david cried out manchester united will never beat chelsea

..Exercise BRewrite this passage as dialogue (speech). Remember to take a new line when someone else speaks.Name asked the doctor Blenkinsop replied the patient pardon I said Blenkinsop.

....................How confident do you feel about SPEECH MARKS?

Great!


Spelling

Focus: common prefixes

1. disappointed

2. inconvenient

3. misunderstood

4. premature

5. international

6. biological

7. relive

8. submarine

9. nonsense

10. indescribable

BUILDING VOCABULARYThe words below can all be used to describe people their characteristics, moods, attitudes and personalities. Using your dictionary to help you, write out the correct meaning.

1. audacious

..

2. benevolent

..

3. culpable

..

4. callous

..

5. gregarious

..

6. inhibited

..

7. inconsistent

..

8. dynamic

..

9. stalwart

..

10. illustrious

..

Rewrite the following sentences, using suitable words from the list from the previous page to fill the gaps:

1. Although he was usually a very friendly person, he behaved towards the visitors in a rather _____________________ way.

2. The vet was shocked when he heard of the mans __________________________ treatment of the dog.

3. Andy is a real _________________ friend.

4. The behaviour of the _______________________ criminal had clearly been ______________________.

How confident do you feel about BUILDING YOUR VOCABULARY?

Great!

Got a few wrong

Need practice

Spelling

Focus: homophones

1. knew (to know someone)

2. weak (as weak as a kitten)

3. serial (the serial killer)

4. heard (I heard a noise)

5. allowed (Im not allowed out)

6. knot (the knot came loose)

7. peace (peace and quiet)

8. new (my new skirt)

9. aloud (I read aloud)

10. piece (a piece of homework)

REVISING WRITING SPEECH

Look back at your previous homework on writing speech to remind you of the rules. You should constantly be revising your basic skills as its easy to forget, or becoming sloppy in your writing.

Exercise A

Rewrite each sentence/ group of sentences with all the correct punctuation.

1. Tackle her shouted the goalkeeper before she shoots.

..

2. Amanda closed her eyes and said dreamily your brother is the best-looking boy in the whole school.

3. Pass this note to Emma whispered Katie as she pretended to pay attention to what Mr Cole was saying to the whole class.

4. Your table manners Granny said to Malcolm are the worst in the whole family.

5. What a mess exclaimed Mrs Mullen as she went into her daughters bedroom.

Exercise B

Write out the following conversation, adding speech marks and starting a new line, in from the margin, for each new speaker. Do not change any of the other punctuation.

I do not think this is a very modern life, said Barney to his aunt as the door banged shut. Do you think it is safe? asked Aunt Jess. I suppose so, said Barney as he pressed the green button marked UP. The lift jerked upwards for a few feet then stopped. Were stuck! gasped Aunt Jess and she started to scream.

How confident do you feel about WRITING SPEECH?

Great!


Spelling

Focus: subject spelling Geography

1. estuary

2. habitat

3. infrastructure

4. interfere 5. latitude

6. location

7. pollution

8. regional

9. transportation

10. weather

USING COMMAS

You will hopefully have been using commas in your writing anyway. The work we did on clauses should have helped you decide where to put them. Heres some revision for you.

One of the ways commas can be used is to mark off groups of words which are not absolutely necessary as the sentence would still make sense without them. E.g. Dad, lying in the bath, got his toe stuck in the tap. You should have spotted that lying in the bath is a subordinate clause; it is extra information which is not necessary to the meaning of the sentence.

Exercise AEach of these sentences has extra information. Put the comma(s) in the correct place in each sentence.

1. Singing loudly she began to wash the dishes.

2. Sitting up in Grandmothers bed the wolf looked greedily at Red Riding Hood.

3. Dressed in his best suit Tom went off happily to his first day at work.

4. Having taken an enormous mouthful she began to eat with her mouth open.

5. Last night Catherine walking in her sleep fell downstairs.

6. The referee feeling he ought to be strict sent Wakefield off the pitch.

7. The walkers all thoroughly exhausted collapsed on the ground.

8. Balancing carefully the acrobat began to walk across the wire.Exercise B

Another time you should use commas is when there is a group of words which is another way of describing what goes immediately before it in a sentence. E.g. Mrs Campbell, the village gossip, was leaning on the wall. Here the village gossip is not a clause as it does not contain a verb, but it is extra information about Mrs Campbell.

Put the commas in these sentences.

1. My mum wrote a letter to Miss Clarke my teacher to explain why my homework was late.

2. Haggis the stomach of the sheep is a traditional dish of the Scots.

3. The homework a difficult exercise was not done correctly by anyone.

4. He kept pigs animals he was very fond of as well as hens.

5. The garden a jungle of weeds was full of mice, voles and hedgehogs.

How confident do you feel about COMMAS?

Great!


Spelling

Focus: subject spelling - English & Geography1. soliloquy

2. subordinate

3. synonym

4. tabloid

5. vocabulary

6. amenity

7. authority

8. climate

9. employment10. erosion

SYNONYMSExercise A

Using a thesaurus find synonyms for the following words.

1. cold...

2. hot...

3. weird...

4. dark...

5. quick...

6. horrid...

7. lovely...Exercise BFind the correct synonyms for the following words using a thesaurus and the word parts in the grid. The first one is done for you.

Enormous

gigantic

Dangerous

Difficult

Easy

Bright

Clear

Strong

Brave

Thin

Wide

gigantransfulcourtrisimhazard

ageousadpleiantousckybrill

derpowerbroslenparenttic

Exercise C

Find the word in each group of synonyms which is the odd one out.

Odd One Out

a) happy, ecstatic, merry, dejected

b) crestfallen, elated, desolate, miserable

c) beautiful, hideous, alluring, gorgeous

d) palatable, delectable, delicious, unpalatable

e) hostile, amiable, convivial, friendly

.

f) kind, charitable, generous, miserly

..

g) horrible, loathsome, revolting, delightful

..

h) active, indolent, energetic, industrious

..

How confident do you feel about using SYNONYMS?

Great!


Spelling

Focus: subject spelling Craft & Design

1. aesthetic

2. technology

3. disassemble

4. evaluation

5. innovation

6. specification

7. manufacture

8. portfolio

9. brief

10. production

ANTONYMS

Exercise AUsing a thesaurus, find as many antonyms as you can for the following words.

1. easy ...

....

2. wide ....

3. sad .

....

4. small ..

..

5. ugly

..

Exercise BPut the following antonyms into pairs.

FarLongPoorLightCureFresh

NearStaleInjureHeavyRichShort

.. +

.. + .. +

.. + .. +

.. +

Exercise C

Find the antonyms for the following words using a thesaurus and the word parts in the grid. One is done for you.

Poor -

Export -

Vague -

Weak -

Hope -

Arrive -

Tiny -

Deep -

Friend -

Clever -

Fact -

Optimistic - pessimisticpessimyenellowdepwealpowerim

defiartthydespportivestunite

airshamisticficfulpidmasstion

How confident do you feel about using ANTONYMS?

Great!


Spelling

Focus: subject spelling Drama

1. applause

2. character

3. director

4. dramatise

5. improvise

6. performance

7. rehearsal

8. scenario

9. theatre

10. curtain

PREFIXES

A prefix is a group of letters that go before a word to change its meaning.

Exercise AFind out what these prefixes mean and write them in the box below.

PrefixMeaning

Anti

Mis

Sub

Pre

Pro

Contra

Exercise BPrefixes that turn a root word into its opposite are called antonym prefixes. Use a prefix to make these words into their opposites.

PrefixRoot Word

inaccurate

fortunate

biotic

convenient

legal

mature

fiction

helpful

inform

legible

proper

freeze

count

decent

reasonable

Exercise C

Find two more examples of words that use these prefixes:

PrefixExample 1Example 2

Tele

Bi

Micro

Auto

Aqua

Circum

Aero

Re

How confident do you feel about PREFIXES?

Great!


Spelling

Focus: classical prefixes

1. aeroplane

2. television

3. transatlantic

4. superpower

5. audience

6. autobiography

7. bilingual

8. circulate

9. audible

10. microphone

WHERE WORDS COME FROM

Many English words have Greek and Latin roots. You might remember some of these bits of English words from Greek and Latin from our work on prefixes.

Audio (to hear)Geo (earth)Metre (measure)Phone (voice/sound)

Bio (life)Chromo (colour)Graph (writing)Scope (target)

Chrono (time)Logo (word/reason)Sphere (ball)Photo (light)

Exercise A

Below are some prefixes from Greek and Latin. Look up the prefixes in a dictionary to find out exactly what they mean.

1. bi =..

2. com = ..

3. epi =..

4. ex = ..

5. mega = ..

6. tetra = ..

7. mono =..

8. sub = ..

9. hypo = ..

10. uni = ..

11. syn = ..

12. tele = ..

13. inter = ..

14. mal = ..

15. poly = ..

Exercise B

Guess what each of the following words mean using your knowledge of prefixes. For each word, write down your guess, then look it up in the dictionary. If you were wrong, write down the correct meaning.

1. anteroom = ..

...

2. biofuel = ..

...

3. tetrapod = ..

...

4. monochromatic =

...

5. polyphone = ..

...

6. hypoacidity =

...

How confident do you feel about WHERE WORDS COME FROM?

Great!


Spelling

Focus: subject spelling History

1. agriculture

2. castle

3. bias

4. cathedral

5. chronology

6. civilisation

7. constitution

8. current

9. defence

10. disease

FIGURATIVE LANGUAGEYou can make description really interesting, not only by the words you choose, but by the comparisons you make between things. Figurative language involves metaphors, similes or figures of speech.

A simile is a comparison between two things using the words like or as. E.g. Her hand was as cold as ice. A metaphor compares by saying something is something else. E.g. You are a devil.Exercise A

Identify whether these are similes or metaphors.

1. The sun was an orange ball in the sky..................2. He took to it like a duck to water.

.................

3. Emma was as white as a sheet..................

4. His breath was on fire after eating the chilli..................

5. Im feeling as fit as a fiddle!.................

6. He shot after them like a bat out of hell.

.................

7. Youre as high as a kite!

.................

8. You are a nosy cow!

.................

Exercise B

Complete these similes:1. As strong as .

2. As proud as ..

3. As weak as

4. As sharp as

5. As cunning as ...

Now you know what figurative language is, you should try to put your own similes and metaphors into your writing.

How confident do you feel about FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE?

Great!

Got a few wrong

Need practice

Spelling

Focus: common letter clusters

1. mourn

2. apprentice

3. through

4. height

5. sausage

6. thought

7. police

8. bright

9. enough

10. journey

IMAGERY PERSONIFICATION

We have already looked at imagery, or figurative language, when we worked on similes and metaphors. Another important aspect of imagery is PERSONIFICATION. Personification is when we describe something that is not really alive as though it were a person or animal. E.g. the wind howled. Exercise AGive each of these machines animal or human characteristics (e.g. camera the camera winked its lens, and the photo was taken.)

1. car

2. TV

3. train

4. stapler

5. computer printer

6. lawnmower

7. sea

8. house

Exercise BRead the extract below from the poem In The Kitchen by John Cotton.

In the kitchen

After the aimless

Chatter of the plates,

The murmurings of the gas,

The chuckle of the water pipes

And the sharp exchanges

Of knives, forks and spoons,

Comes the serious quiet,

When the sink slowly clears its throat

Explain why these examples of personification were good ones, why plates could be said to chatter for example.

1. the aimless/ Chatter of the plates

This is effective because...

..

2. the chuckle of the water pipes

This is effective because...

..How confident do you feel about PERSONIFICATION?

Great!


Spelling


1. advertise

2. alliteration

3. apostrophe

4. atmosphere

5. chorus

6. clause

7. clich

8. comma

9. comparison10. conjunctionONOMATOPOEIA

Onomatopoeia is an effect in speech or writing when words sound like the noise they describe. (e.g. The firework exploded with a loud bang. The angry driver made the car horn honk loudly.)Exercise AComplete the following sentences with a suitable onomatopoeic word from the list below.

WailingCrunched

CrackledScreeched

FizzedSquawked

HissedPlopped

ChirpedSplashed

1. The speeding car .. to an abrupt halt.

2. The fireworks fuse .. .

3. The chicks .. in their nest.

4. the jam .. into the rice pudding.

5. A large stone .. into the large still pool.

6. The turkey .. as the farmer chased it.

7. Small twigs .. in the fire.

8. Gravel .. under his heavy boots.

9. The snake .. in the grass.

10. The .. of the baby caught his mothers attention.

Exercise B

Use five of the following onomatopoeic words in sentences.

BabblingClangClickedNeighOink

TinkleRattledJangledMeowHoot

1. ...

.

2. ...

.

3.

.

4.

.

5. .How confident do you feel about ONOMATOPOEIA?

Great!


Spelling


1. consonant

2. dialogue

3. exclamation

4. expression

5. figurative

6. genre

7. grammar

8. imagery

9. metaphor

10. mythREVISION SO FAR.All of the exercises youve done so far should have helped you to focus on improving your writing. You should be using complex, accurate sentences in your work, using adverbs and adjectives to make writing more interesting, and using both dictionaries and thesauruses to help you build your vocabulary and improve spelling. Now to revise

Exercise A

Sort these words into nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs.apple

gorgeousgroanedexpertlytomorrowsunshinehill

terrifiedfoughtdelightful

NounVerbAdjectiveAdverb

Exercise B

Highlight main and subordinate clauses in each sentence and state which type of sentence it is (remember simple, complex or compound) on the dotted line.

1. Until I get home, I cant change out of these wet clothes...

2. I love the sound of rain on the roof.

..

3. Gary was there so I didnt go in.

..

4. Tim chatted to his housemates whilst straightening his hair...

5. Although she felt sad, she sang at the concert

..

6. Whenever he chased his tail, the dog ran in circles.

..

Exercise C

Look at the following sentences. Into each one insert a subordinate clause that uses who, when, where or which.1. The knife was sharp....

..

2. Henry wanted an eighth course...

..

3. The detective drove to the scene of the crime..

..

How confident do you feel about YOUR REVISION?

Great!


Spelling

Focus: unstressed vowels

1. separate

2. medicine

3. January

4. generally

5. benefit

6. alcohol

7. abominable

8. description

9. compromise

10. literature

TARGET SETTING

Congratulations! Youve finished your homework booklet and covered all the main basic skills as well as learning 300 spelling words. Thats good going. However, dont think you can rest on your laurels; you will probably have found some topics in the booklet trickier than others. These are the areas you need to target. That means that you must keep going over these areas ask your teacher for extra worksheets. A little work now will pay off later.

Your new teacher will probably ask you what your targets are. Note them down here to remind yourself and keep this homework booklet for future reference. Look it up if youve forgotten how to write speech or when to use an apostrophe for example. I bet youll need it at some point!My Targets are:

1.

How will I achieve my target? ..

.

2.


.

3.


.

My Strengths are:

1. 2. 3. EXTRA SPELLINGS

Spelling 31

Focus: subject spelling History

1. document

2. dynasty

3. economical

4. emigration

5. government

6. imperial

7. immigrant

8. independence

9. parliament

10. propaganda

Spelling 32

Focus: subject spelling ICT

1. connection

2. delete

3. document

4. electronic

5. interactive

6. processor

7. program

8. spreadsheet

9. icon

10. cartridge

Spelling 33

Focus: subject spelling Library

1. alphabet

2. anthology

3. article

4. catalogue

5. dictionary

6. encyclopaedia

7. glossary

8. thesaurus

9. relevant

10. librarian

Spelling 34

Focus: subject spelling Music

1. choir

2. chord

3. instrument

4. percussion

5. synchronise

6. timbre

7. harmony

8. composition

9. lyric

10. musician

Spelling 35

Focus: subject spelling PE

1. activity

2. athletic

3. exercise

4. medicine

5. muscle

6. tactic

7. squad

8. qualify

9. league

10. field

S1 Homework Book Complete!

Extension: collect, list and categorise spellings of a long vowel sound by spelling pattern.

It all depends on the sounds of the vowel before the end of the word. If its a short vowel and a single consonant (like fit), you double the letter (e.g. fittest, fitter). If its a long vowel (like stoop) you dont double it (e.g. stooped).

BOX A

brokeflew finished

failedcompleted

BOX B

soon easily gently

unfortunately over

HINT: -ci, -ce and cy usually soften the c sound.

Brian, cow, Manchester, chair, books, Globe Theatre, houses, bracelet, Lucy, elephant, carpenter, Earlston, Stormbreaker

Nouns ending in hissing/buzzing/shushing sounds usually and es in the plural.

If the word ends in a consonant and then y, change the y to ies to pluralise it.

A clause is an idea in a sentence. There are main clauses and subordinate clauses.

andbutsobecausewhen

whilebeforeafterwhereas

You need to make up your own ways of remembering how to spell these words. Try creating a mnemonic, a rhyme, sounding out each syllable or drawing pictures.

Present Simple Tense

I am

You are

He/she/it is

We are

You (plural) are

They are

Past Simple Tense

I was

You were

He/she/it was

We were

You (plural) were

They were



Off = direction (off somewhere) & also the opposite of on

Of = amount of & belonging

Dont confuse of with have when saying would have,

might have and should have.

quiet = without noisequite = to an extent, completely

Synonyms are words with the same or similar meanings (e.g. worried/anxious; big/large; small/tiny; gorgeous/beautiful).

Antonyms are words with the opposite meaning to another word (e.g. hot/cold; love/hate; big/small). Very often a thesaurus will list antonyms of words as well as synonyms.

PAGE 8M. Macinnes 2007

Documents

s1 Homework Book