S. V. Astashkin- Description of the Interpolation Spaces Between (l-1(omega^0),l-1(omega^1)) and (l-infinity(omega^0), l-infinity(omega^1))

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  • 8/3/2019 S. V. Astashkin- Description of the Interpolation Spaces Between (l-1(omega^0),l-1(omega^1)) and (l-infinity(omeg

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    A n n - t u p l e ( w :, . , W n ) g i v e s r i s e t o t h e g r o u p F i f a n d o n l y i f ( w :, . . ., : ~) a n d( x l ,. . ., x~) a r e e q u i v a l e n t w i t h r e s p e c t t o t h e t r a n s f o r m a t i o n s ! ) - 4 1 ) . I n d e e d , i f t h e n -t u p l e ( w l, ., W n ) g i v e s r i s e t o t h e g r o u p F , t h e n t h e f o l l o w i n g c h a i n o f t r a n s f o r m a t i o n si s v a l i d :

    ( w : . . . . , w ~ ) ~ ( w , . . . , w ~ , f , . . . , t )~ , ( W 1 . . . . . W n ' X l . . . . . X l ) ~ ( X 1 . . . , X n , W 1 . . . . W n ) ~ ( X 1 . . . , X n , J . . . . . t ) " ~ ( X 1 . . . . . Xr~ ,

    L e t u s o b s e r v e t h a t t r a n s f o r m a t i o n s o f t h e f o r m 4 ) a r e u s e d o n ly i n t h e b e g i n n i n g , a n d t h o s eo f t h e f o r m 4 l ) a r e u s e d o n l y a t t h e e n d , o f t h e c h a i n o f t r a n s f o r m a t i o n s .

    L I T E R A T U R E C I T E Di. S . A n d r e w s a n d M . C u r t i s , " F r e e g r o u p s a n d H a n d l e b o d i e s , " P r o c . A m . M a t h . S o c . , 1--6, 1 9 2 -

    1 9 5 ( 1 9 6 5 ) .2 . S . A n d r e w s a n d M . C u r t i s , " E x t e n d e d N i e l s e n o p e r a t o r s i n f r e e g r o u p s , " A m . M a t h . M o n . ,

    7 3 , 2 1 - 2 8 ( 1 9 6 6 ) .3 . R . C r a g g s , " F r e e H e e g a a r d d i a g r a m s a n d e x t e n d e d N i e l s e n t r a n s f o r m a t i o n s . I , " I l l i n o i s

    J . M a t h . , 2 3 , N o . i , 1 0 1 - 1 2 7 ( 1 9 7 9 ) .

    D E S C R I P T I O N O F T HE I N T ER P O L A TI O N S P A C E S B E T W E EN ( / t ( o ~ / : ( o : ) )AND ( ~oo(o , ~ ~ 4 o ; ) )

    S . V . A s t a s h k i n

    L e t E b e t h e B a n a c h i d e a l s p a c e o f t h e t w o - s i d e d s e q u e n c e s o f r e a l n u m b e r s a -- -- (a ~) ~_ _~ ;0 o o ~ l e oa n d 0 )~ ( 0) k) ~= -~ a n d o I ( ~ ) ~ = _ ~ b e t w o s e q u e n c e s o f n o n n e g a t i v e n u m b e r s . I t h a s b e e n s h o w n

    in [I] th at E is an in te rp ol at io n sp ace be tw ee n (l (~0), 11 (601)) and (l~ (6o~ l~ (oI)) if and on lyi f t h e o p e r a t o r Q s u c h t h a t Q a = ( Qa )k , w h e r e

    i s c o n t i n u o u s i n t h i s s p a c e .E o j .m o / l(Qa)~ = .~= -oo i= 0 : ( c0~. J ( a ~ - .( a j) ~ E ) ( 1 )

    I n t h i s n o t e , w e o b t a i n a c r i t e r i o n f o r t h e c o n t i n u i t y o f Q i n t h e c a s e ~ [ _ _ j_ _ l ~~, h ( 2 ~ ) 7 ~ = _ ~w h e r e f i i n a n o n n e g a t i v e c o n c a v e f u n c t i o n o n (0, ~ ) ( i = 0, I). B y t h e s a m e t o k e n , t h e ~ i t e r p o l a -t i o n s p a c e s b e t w e e n t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g c o u p l e s a r e e f f e c t i v e l y d e s c r i b e d .

    1 ~ D e f i n i t i o n s a n d N o t a t i o n . L e t ( A 0 , B 0 ) a n d ( A t, B I ) b e t w o B a n a c h c o u p l e s [ 2] . AB a n a c h s p a c e E s u c h t h a t

    A i N B ~ E c A i + B I ( i = 0 , I ) ,i s c a l l e d a n i n t e r p o l a t i o n s p a c e b e t w e e n ( A0 , B 0 ) a n d ( At , B I ) i f e a c h l i n e a r o p e r a t o r t h a ti s c o n t i n u o u s f r o m A 0 i n t o AI a n d f r o m B 0 i n t o B l i s c o n t i n u o u s i n E .

    F o r e a c h n o n n e g a t i v e f u n c t i o n f o n ( 0, ~ ) , i t s m a g n i f i c a t i o n f u n c t i o n M f i s d e f ~ l e d b yt h e e q u a t i o n

    M : ( : ) - s u p / ( : t ). . _ - :. ~ : ( . , ) ( : ) < t < ~ ) .T h e f u n c t i o n M f is s e m i m u l t i p l i c a t i v e , a n d, t h e r e f o r e , t h e n u m b e r s

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    V o r o n e z h S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y . T r a n s l a t e d f r o m M a t e m a t i e h e s k i e Z a m e t k i , Vo l . 3 5, N o . 4 ,p p . 4 9 7 - 5 0 3 , A p r il , 1 9 84 . O r i g i n a l a r t i c l e s u b m i t t e d O c t o b e r 2 8, 1 98 2 .

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    e x i s t [ 3, p . 7 5] a n d a r e c a l l e d t h e l o w e r a n d t h e u p p e r m a g n i f i c a t i o n i n d i c e s o f f. I f f i sa c o n c a v e f u n c t i o n , t h e n 0 . ~ Y! < ~ 5 f . ~ i [ 3, p . 7 6 ] .

    L e t S (Z) b e t h e l i n e a r s p a c e o f a l l t w o - s i d e d n u m e r i c a l s e q u e n c e s , E ~ S (Z) b e a B a n a c hi d e a l s p a c e [ 4, C h a p . 4 ] . L e t u s a s s u m e t h a t t h e s h i f t o p e r a t o r P~c ( a j ) = (a~:+j)~__~ i s c o n t i n -u o u s i n E f o r a r b i t r a r y k = 0 , + i . . . . . S i n c e t h e f u n c t i o n h ( 2 ~ ' ) = [ I P ~ ] ] E ~ i s s e m i m u l t i -p l i c a t i v e o n t h e s e t {2~!, k = 0 , _ _+ I, . . .} , t h e n u m b e r s

    In ] ] P ~ . I I E ~ E I n I I P ~ . ! I E ~ EbE~--- lir a ' " and ~'E-----limk~--oo k kexi s t [3 , p . 75] and - -ec ~ 9E ~ ve t ' s .

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  • 8/3/2019 S. V. Astashkin- Description of the Interpolation Spaces Between (l-1(omega^0),l-1(omega^1)) and (l-infinity(omeg

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    P r o o f . F o r e a c h a = ( aj ) @ E , t h e s e q u e n c e (7 = ( ~. ), w h e r ed ~ . = s u p [ m i n ( t , 2 ~ - O . ] a ~ [ ] ,

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    i s q u a s i c o n c a v e a n d l k I ~ a ~ (k --- -0, - -4 -I ,. .. ). S i n c e E i s a n i n t e r p o l a t i o n s p a c e b e t w e e n( l~ , l ~ ( t- x) ) a n d ( l ~ ,/ ~ ( t- l ) ) t h e r e e x i s t s a C ~ ( E ) ~ 0 , s u c h t h a t ] J~ II s C l ( f ) ' N a l I s [ 5 , p . 3 6 ] .

    T h u s , b y v i r t u e o f t h e m o n o t o n i c i t y o f T ,II T a I1 ~ < I I T , ~ I I ~ < c ! 1 ~ I 1 ~ < c , ( ~ ) . c . I I ~ I I ~ -

    L E M M A 3 . I f ? S , . s o l ~ O , t h e n th e f o l l o w i n g c o n d i t i o n s a r e e q u i v a l e n t :a ) 0 ~ ? h - . . < 5 ~ 1 ;

    ? s ~ . s ;. ~ ~ > O, ~ & - 7 , < U I .S i n c e fx .~o~ i n c r e a s e s f r o m 0 t o ~ a n d t - ~ . ] ~ t) d e c r e a s e s [ 3, p . 6 7 ] ,

    b )P r o o f . b ) + a ) .

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    ( i 1 " f o = ) = f l " i ~ 1 ( 2 )

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    a ) b ) . S i n c eh ( S ~ ( , t ) '~\ lo (st) JZ r ( S ) -- l- - s u p ( s , ( t ) ' ~o < t < o o h \ I o ( t ) ] M , ~ (M s , .s o ~ (s))

    f o r 0 < s < 1 , i t f o l l o w s f r o m t h e i n e q u a l i t i e s ? s l s $ 1~ 0 a n d Y h > 0 t h a t ? f K I [I ~ 0 . W e a l s op r o v e t h e s e c o n d i n e q u a l i t y o f b ) w i t h t h e h e l p o f ( 2) a n d ( 3) .

    P r o o f o f T h e o r e m i . !) 2 ) . B y L e m m a i , E ( f 0 ) i s a n i n t e r p o l a t i o n s p a c e b e t w e e n( 1 1 , 1 1 ( f 0 - 7 7 ~ ) ) a n d (loo, oo (i0./11)), a n d , t h e r e f o r e [ i ] , t h e o p e r a t o r Q f r o m ( i) i s c o n t i n u o u s i nE ( f 0 ) f o r c0~ : ( J) ~. a n d 0~I = (f0 ( 2A )/ /1 (2 ~) )~ S i n c e f 1 ./ ~ i s a n i n c r e a s i n g f u n c t i o n , i t f o l l o w st h a t t h e o p e r a t o r Q I , s u c h t h a t Q 1 a ~ - - ( Q 1 a ) ~ : ( ~ j ~ < k a j ) ~ , i s c o n t i n u o u s i n E ( f o ) .

    F o r a q u a s i c o n c a v e s e q u e n c e a : ( a i ) ~ E ( /0 ), k : I, 2 . . . . . a n d j = 0 , ., w e h a v e

    w h e n c e

    t J t( P _ ~ a ) j - ~ a >_ ~ - ~ ~ - ~ ' = j _ ~ a s ~ - - f- ( Q l a ) j ,

    H _ ~ a IrE(So) ~ IIa I f ~ (I o > . ( 4 )S i n c e E ( f 0 ) i s a n i n t e r p o l a t i o n s p a c e b e t w e e n ( l~ , / ~( io '] 7' )) a n d ( l~ , l ~ (1 0.i tl) ) a n d l ~ ( /0 -/7 )

    i s a n i n t e r p o l a t i o n s p a c e b e t w e e n ( I o o. , o ~ ( U 1 ) ) a n d ( l ~ , l ~ ( t - ~ ) ) [ i] , i t f o l l o w s t h a t E ( f 0 ) i sa n i n t e r p o l a t i o n s p a c e b e t w e e n (lo~, oo(t-1)) n d ( { ~, l ~ (t-i)). T h u s , b y v i r t u e o f ( 4 ) a n d L e m m a 2 ,t h e r e e x i s t s a c o n s t a n t 6'i ( E, I0) s u c h t h a t

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    T h e r e f o r e [ 3, p . 75 ] , p , ~ > 0 .C o n s i d e r i n g t h e s p a c e E (fT~), t h e c o u p l e s ( l l ( / o l ' fT 1 ) , 11 ( t - l ) )

    a l s o t h e o p e r a t o r Q 2 s u c h t h a t O ~ a = ( Q ~ a ) ~ , w h e r e, a n d ( l ~ ( ] 0 L ] 7 ~ ) , l ~ ( t - i ) ) , a n d

    i n e x a c t l y t h e s a m e m a n n e r w e g e t

    for k = i, 2,2) + i).

    t h e c a s e m i = (I/fi U ) ) ~w h e r e

    . . . . .e n c e , a g a i n w i t h t h e h e l p o f [3 , p . 75 ] w e c o n c l u d e t h a t v s < l . 1I t i s s u f f i c i e n t t o s h o w t h a t t h e o p e r a t o r Q f r o m ( i) i s c o n t i n u o u s i n E

    [ I] . B y v i r t u e o f t h e m o n o t o n i c i t y o f ] i . ] ~ w e h a v e Q a - - ~ k = _ b ~,

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    a n d f o r k = i, 2 , .i o ( 2 J ) , ~ ( i o ) ~ < 2 ~ II a l iE ,

    . w e h a v e

    w h e r e ~ > 0 . T h e r e f o r e ,II b ~ l ie = 2 - ~ I I / ~ < o j ' A ( 2 J ) ) l i f o ? > < 2 - * ~ I I a l l z ,

    II 0 a I 1~ ~ ~ , ~ . . . . I b ~ l lE < C II a l i eT h e o r e m 1 i s p r o v e d .P r o o f o f T h e o r e m 2 . I f ? S ~ . f $ ~ > O , t h e n b y L e m m a 3,

    w h e r e O < 3 7 h ~ 6 f ~ < 1 .V s lc % l > 0 , 6 1 ~ c ] < l , ( 5 )

    L e t G b e a n a r b i t r a r y s t r o n g l y s h i f t - i n v a r i a n t s p a c e. B y d i r e c t c o m p u t a t i o n , w e v e r i f y t h a t, u .~ - -- -- y / h . f O l , v ~ = ( ~ & . T d ( 6 )

    w h e r e E = G ( /h l ). C o n s e q u e n t l y , b y v i r t u e o f ( 5 ) a n d T h e o r e m i, E i s a n i n t e r p o l a t i o n s p a c eb e t w e e n 11 (/-i] an d "l~ (/-1).

    W e p r o v e t h e c o n v e r s e 9 L e t E b e a B a n a c h i d e a l s p a c e t h a t i s a n i n t e r p o l a t i o n s p a c eb e t w e e n 11 ( ]- 1~ a n d l ~ ( ]= 1 ~, a n d s e t e j : ( . . . . 0 , 1, 0 . . . . ) ( ] = 0 , 4 - 1 , . . . ) . S i n c e P ~ e ) - - -- e j :_ ~ ( ] , k - ~ 0 ,3_____t . . . ) a n d , b y T h e o r e m 1 , ~ . > 0 a n d v ~ < l , i t f o l l o w s t h a t f o r k = 0 , 1 , 2 ,

    f~ (2J-~) 9 o (2 j ) _ _su p - (g J )j=o , +1 . . .. :6 (2J -~ ) '52 su p f/ej [[E(,o)'1] j_.~: fiE(.5) ~ ~ 91-~ su p IrP - ~ Q- ~ : . I l z ( y , , ) s u p.~=o, +~ ... [1 i -~ . !lrr 15Q 1Is(I,) j= o, -i-_~ ... II ei_ k liE(~o) j=o,_+ l ....

    w h e r e e > 0 . H e n c e T / . f $ 1~ 0 . T h e o r e m 2 i s p r o v e d .

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  • 8/3/2019 S. V. Astashkin- Description of the Interpolation Spaces Between (l-1(omega^0),l-1(omega^1)) and (l-infinity(omeg

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    T h e o r e m 3 f o l l o w s i m m e d i a t e l y f r o m L e m m a 3 , t h e r e l a t i o n ( 6) , a n d T h e o r e m i .Example____.__.__:. et f0, fl, a nd h be n o n n e g a t i v e c on ca ve f u n c t i o n s on (0, ~) , ?h. f~1 ~0,

    a n d I ~ p ~ oo. I t f o l l o w s f r o m T h e o r e m 3 t h a t l~ (]h ) i s a n i n t e r p o l a t i o n s p a c e b e t w e e n/i(]-i~ and l~ (]-i~ if and onl y if 0 < ~ h ~ /~h< 1.

    T h e o r e m 4 f o l l o w s f r o m T h e o r e m i a n d t he f o l l o w i n g t w o i n e q u a l i t i e s , w h o s e v a l i d i t yc a n b e v e r i f i e d d i r e c t l y :

    I

    2 k(2 ~)

    I n c o n c l u s i o n , t h e a u t h o r t h a n k s E . M . S e m e n o v f o r a s s i s t a n c e w i t h t h e no t e .L I T E R A T U R E C I T E D

    i. V . I . O v c h i n n i k o v , " I n t e r p o l a t i o n t h e o r e m s t h a t f o l l o w f r o m G r o t h e n d i e c k ' s i n e q u a l i t y , "F u n k t s . A n a l . P r i l o z h e n . , i 0, N o . 4 , 7 8 - 8 5 ( 1 9 7 6 ) .

    2 . J . B e r g h a n d J . L ~ f s t r ~ m , I n t e r p o l a t i o n S p a c e s , A n I n t r o d u c t i o n , S p r i n g e r - V e r l a g ,B e r l i n - - N e w Y o r k ( 1 9 7 6 ) .

    3. S . G . K r e i n , Yu . I. P e t u n i n , a n d E . M . S e m e n o v , I n t e r p o l a t i o n o f L i n e a r O p e r a t o r s [ inR u s s i a n ] , N a u k a , M o s c o w ( 1 9 7 8 ) .

    4 . L . V . K a n t o r o v i c h a n d G . P . A k i l o v , F u n c t i o n a l A n a l y s i s [ i n R u s s i a n ] , N a u k a , M o s c o w( 1 9 7 7 ) .5. Y u . A . B r u d n y i a n d N . Y a . K r u g l y a k , F u n c t o r s o f R e a l I n t e r p o l a t i o n [ i n R u s s i a n ] , D e -

    p o s i t e d i n t h e A l l - U n i o n I n s t i t u t e o f S c i e n t i f i c a n d T e c h n i c a l I n f o r m a t i o n a s N o .2 6 2 0 - 8 1 .

    I M B E D D I N G T H E O R E M S F O R S P AC E S O F I N F I N I T E L Y D I F F E R E N T I A B L E F U N C T I O N SG . S . B a l a s h o v a

    W h e n s t u d y i n g b o u n d a r y - v a l u e p r o b l e m s f o r n o n l i n e a r d i f f e r e n t i a l e q u a t i o n s o f i nf i n i t eo r d e r , w e h a v e t o c o n s i d e r s p a c e s o f i n f i n i t e l y d i f f e r e n t i a b l e f u n c t i o n s u (x): G - - + C I h a v i n gt h e f i n i t e e n e r g y i n t e g r a l

    P ( u ) ~ ~ o ~ II D ~ Ir~ ,w h e r e p ~ i , r ~ l , a n ~ O , n = 0 , I . . . . . a r e n u m b e r s , a n d II " ]]r i s t h e n o r m i n L e b e s g u e s p a c e Lr (G)G c R .

    D u b i n s k i i d i s c u s s e d t h e o r y o f s p a c e sW ~ { a n , p , r } (G ) ~ { u ( x ) ~ C ~ ( G ) , 9 ( u ) < ~ }

    e . g . , i n [ I - 3 ] . I n p a r t i c u l a r , h e s t a t e d i n [ 3] c r i t e r i a f o r t h e i m b e d d i n g a n d c o m p a c t i m -b e d d i n g o f t h e s p a c e s i n t e r m s o f t he a s y m p t o t i c b e h a v i o r o f t h e n o r m s o f t h e i m b e d d i n g o p e r -a t o r s o f c l a s s i c a l S o b o l e v s p a c e s W ~ a s m ~.

    I n t h e p r e s e n t a r t i c l e w e o b t a i n n e c e s s a r y a n d s u f f i c i e n t c o n d i t i o n s f o r i m b e d d i n g a n dc o m p a c t i m b e d d i n g , c o n n e c t e d w i t h t he c o n c r e t e s t r u c t u r e o f s p a c e s W~{a,~,p,r}(o) f o r t h e c a s eo f a r a p i d l y d e c r e a s i n g s e q u e n c e { an }, s a t i s f y i n g t h e c o n d i t i o n

    a , ~ + ~ < a ~ < t , n = O , t . . . . ( 1 )T h e r e s u l t s o b t a i n e d b e l o w w e r e a n n o u n c e d i n [ 4] .

    M o s c o w E n e r g y I n s t i t u t e . T r a n s l a t e d f r o m M a t e m a t i c h e s k i e Z a m e t k i , V ol . 3 5, N o . 4 ,p p . 5 0 5 - 5 1 6 , A p r i l , 1 9 8 4. O r i g i n a l a r t i c l e s u b m i t t e d M a y 26 , 19 8 1.

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