S i n a a r s i - ganatleba.ge qartuli.pdf · S i n a a r s i ia afTaraSvili, meore enis Seswavlis fsiqologiuri faqtorebi saskolo garemoSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... orientireba)

S i n a a r s i

ia afTaraSvili, meore enis Seswavlis fsiqologiuri

faqtorebi saskolo garemoSi . . . . . . . . . . . . .

gv. 2

Ia Aptarashvili, Psychological factors of studying Georgian as a second language in schools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

gv. 11

irina bagauri, imersiis bilingvuri ganaTleba – pasuxi

ganaTlebis globaluri filosofiis

gamowvevebze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

gv. 12

Irina Bagauri, Immersion Bilingual Education – The Response to Global Education Philosophy’s Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

gv. 20

mzia wereTeli, walkis raionSi arsebuli jgufTaSorisi

urTierTobebis fsiqologiuri Taviseburebebis

sakiTxisaTvis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

gv. 21

Mzia Tsereteli, Psychological characteristics of ethnic group relations in Tsalka region The article is based on the materials of the research. . . . . .

gv. 30

ligita grigule, saqarTvelos umciresobaTa ganaTlebis

reforma: adgilobrivi iniciativebidan

saxelmwifos mier dagegmil umciresobaTa

ganaTlebis reformamde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

gv. 31

Ligita Grigule, Georgia Minority Education Reform: from local initiatives towards state planed minority education reform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

gv. 43

ana babluani, G_gan (_dan) Tandebulian saxelTa swavleba

azerbaijanelTaTvis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

gv. 44

Ana Babluani, Teaching Azerbaijanians how to use preposition – “from” - gan (dan) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

gv. 48

ia afTaraSvili

meore enis Seswavlis fsiqologiuri faqtorebi saskolo garemoSi

abstraqti

winamdebare kvlevis mizani iyo, Semeswavla qarTulis, rogorc meore enis aTvisebis fsiqologiuri faqtorebi formalur saswavlo garemoSi, romelsac Tan axlavs enis realizebis araformaluri garemoc. kvlevis Teoriul safuZvels warmoadgenda meore enis Seswavlis miuleris socialur-kognituri modeli (1997). hipoTezidan gamomdinare, kvlevisaTvis specialurad Seiqmna instrumenti - kiTxvari moswavleebisa da maswavleblebisaTvis. moswavlis mier meore enis codnis done Sefasda misi akademiuri niSniT aRniSnul saganSi (qarTul enaSi) da maswavleblis kiTxvaris monacemebiT. kvlevaSi monawileobdnen qalaq Tbilisis araqarTulenovani skolebi da orseqtoriani (qarTul-rusuli) skolebis rusuli seqtoris ramdenime klasi. monacemTa statistikuri analizis Sedegad gamovlinda Semdegi ZiriTadi faqtorebi, romlebic gavlenas axdenen meore enis Seswavlis warmateba-warumateblobaze: integraciis motivacia, instrumentaluri motivacia, sakuTari enobrivi unaris Sefaseba, moswavlis saskolo TviTkoncepti.

Sesavali

Tanamedrove sazogadoeba,

romelic Slis yvelanair geografiul sazRvars da eTno-kulturul bariers urTierTobaSi, gviyenebs uamrav moTxovnas: maT Soris multilingvuri ganaTlebis aucileblobasac.

ojaxSi, skolamdel dawese-bulebebsa da skolebSi aRzrdisa da ganaTlebis prioritetul miznebs warmoadgens bavSvis pirovnuli da SemecnebiTi (kognituri) ganviTareba, romlis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi aspeqti metyvelebis daufleba da enis Seswavlaa. ena socializaciis mTavari instrumentia, amitom misi srulfasovani floba ganapirobebs

individis integracias socialur-kulturul sivrceSi. xSirad es integracia moiTxovs meore enis an ucxo enis flobasac.

adamianis mier meore enis an ucxo enis gamoyeneba ar Semoi-fargleba mxolod sayofacxovrebo an saliteraturo sferoTi. is aseve aqtualuria mis profesionalur cxovrebaSic, rac gulisxmobs enis ara mxolod aRqmisa da gagebis doneze flobas, aramed aqtiuri verbaluri urTierTobis funqciasac. TiTqmis yoveli meore Tanamedrove adamiani flobs minimum or enas, misi sacxovrebeli garemodan an misi profesiidan gamomdinare.

bilingvuri ganaTleba, #2, 2010

2

dResdReobiT bilingvizmis, multilingvuri ganaTlebis prob-lema arsebiTi da mravalmxrivia. misi sxvadasxva aspeqti Seswavlili iyo da Seiswavleba wlebis manZilze sxvadasxva mecnieris mier: r gardneri, v. lamberti, k. beikeri, h. dankeli, u. leopoldi, u. makkei, C. osgudi, u, vainraixi, n. imedaZe, a. leontieva da a.S.

samecniero literaturaSi bilingvizmis fenomenis axsnisadmi sxvadasxva midgoma arsebobs: erTni ganixilaven bilingvizms, rogorc socialur movlenas, rogorc saxelmwifos saganmanaTleblo da enobriv politikas, rac imas gulisxmobs, rom, rodesac saxelmwifoSi arseboben erovnuli umciresobebi, romelTac uwevT sxva (ara mSobliur) enobriv garemoSi cxovreba, TavisTavad dgeba maT Soris urTierTobis sakiTxi. Sesabamisad irCeva sakontaqto, sakomunikacio ena. rac imas niSnavs, rom bilingvuri, an multilingvuri ganaTlebis aucilebloba ganpiro-bebulia Tanamedrove sazogadoebis internacionaluri kulturiT.

meore mecnieruli midgomis Tanaxmad, bilingvizmi aris ara socialuri, aramed individualuri movlena, romlis roli da mniSvneloba fasdeba individis pirovnuli da SemecnebiTi ganviTarebis konteqstSi.

Sesabamisad, ganaTlebis prio-ritetulobis, individis profesio-naluri zrdis moTxovnilebis pirdapirproporciulad, sul ufro da ufro izrdeba interesi enis dauflebis procesisa da meqanizmis Seswavlisadmi.

seriozuli kvlevis sagans warmoadgens is, Tu ra faqtorebi, maT Soris fsiqologiuri, ganapirobebs meore enis SeswavlaSi warmateba-warumateblobas.

lingvistebi xSirad miuTi-Teben, rom nebismier kulturaSi bavSvebi uproblemod aRweven kompetentur codnas maT mSobliur enaSi, Tu ra Tqma unda, adgili ar

aqvs ganviTarebis darRvevebs da garemos problemebs (sruli izolacia, naklebi enobrivi stimulebi da a.S) magram mSobliuri enis kargi floba ar niSnavs imas, rom individi meore enis Seswavlasac aseTive warmatebiT moaxerxebs, Tundac mizani seriozuli iyos, saTanado motivaciac gaaCndes da garemo pirobebic swavlisTvis optimaluri iyos.

sakiTxis mimoxilva

winamdebare kvlevis mizans

warmoadgens meore enis Seswavlis fsiqologiuri faqtorebis gamokveTa formalur saswavlo (saskolo) garemoSi, ufro konkretulad ki saskolo konteqstSi, sagakveTilo konteqstSi da ojaxi -skola urTierTobis (ojaxis saskolo cxovrebaSi CarTulobis) konteqstSi.

kvlevis Teoriul safuZvels warmoadgens miuleris saskolo garemoSi meore enis Seswavlis socialur-kognituri modeli (1997), albert banduras TviTefeqturobis, rogorc qcevis centraluri prediqtoris koncepti da aseve lambertis, klemanisa da gardneris socialur-aRmzrdelobiTi modelebi.

kvlevis konceptualuri mxaris gasagebad mokled ganvixiloT TiToeuli modeli.

lambertis modelis (lamberti, 1974; 1979; 1981) mixedviT, meore enis warmatebiT dauflebis ZiriTadi faqtori aris motivacia, romelic, Tavis mxriv, ganapirobebs meore / ucxo enis SeswavlaSi identurobis ganviTarebas (Identitätsentwicklung). indi-vidis survili da mzadyofna, Seiswavlos umravlesobis ena, iyos es misi cxovrebis erT-erTi mTavari Rirebuleba da TviTrealizaciis saSualeba, lambertisaTvis warmo-adgens integraciul orientirs sociumSi. swored es integraciis motivacia (sociumSi integraciaze orientireba) aris mis modelSi mTavari cvladi da meore enis warmatebiT aTvisebis winapiroba.


3

lamberti ganasxvavebs mas instrumentaluri motivaciisgan, romelic aqcents akeTebs enis flobis ekonomikur da praqtikul upiratesobaze.

gardneris socialur-aRmzrde-lobiTi modeli (gardneri, 1979; 1985) garkveulwilad efuZneba lambertis models, Tumca, misgan gansxvavebiT, is ganixilavs meore enis Seswavlis konteqstSi socialur-kulturuli garemos zemoqmedebasac.

igi gamoyofs 4 ZiriTad Sualedur cvlads, romlebic gavlenas axdenen meore enis dauflebis xarisxze. esenia: inteleqti enis niWi (talanti) motivacia enis gamoyenebis situaciuri

SiSi TiToeuli am cvladis gavlena

SeiZleba sxvadasxvagvari iyos kulturul-socialuri garemos mixedviT. monokulturul, erTenovan (mSobliurenovan) garemoSi meore enis Seswavla ZiriTadad mimdina-reobs saswavlo dawesebulebebSi, formalur saswavlo konteqstSi. gardneri varaudobs, rom enis Seswavlis niWi da sxva kognituri faqtorebis zemoqmedeba Tavs iCens swored amgvar formalur saswavlo garemoSi. motivaciur faqtors ki garkveuli datvirTva aqvs, rogorc araformalur saswavlo, aseve formalur saswavlo garemoSic.

gardneris modelis mixedviT, enobriv talants didi mniSvneloba aqvs orive konteqstSi, Tumca misi roli ufro metia monokulturul garemoSi, vidre bi- da multikulturul garemoSi.

gardneri lambertis models ufro srulyofils xdis pirovnuli cvladis SemotaniT, rogoricaa “situaciuri SiSi meore enis gamoyenebisas”. marTlac kvlevebma (gardneri, 1985; lalonde/piersoni, 1983; lalonde/gardneri, 1984) daadastures korelaciis arseboba SiSsa da meore enis

zepirmetyvelebaSi gamoyenebas Soris. ufro mogvianebiT Catarebuli kvlevebi (gardneri, murkrofti / meTorda, 1989) gardners saSualebas aZlevs, ivaraudos, rom es situaciuri SiSis cvladi sxva araferia, Tu ara sxva cvladis - `sakuTar TavSi dawmunebulobis~ kerZo gamovlineba.

klemanis socialuri konteq-stis modeli kidev ufro metad akeTebs aqcents socialur-kulturuli garemos mniSvnelobaze. igi gardneris da lambertisagan iRebs iseT cvladebs, rogoricaa integraciis motivacia da situaciuri SiSis komponenti da maT sakuTar modelSi ganixilavs, rogorc arsebiT struqturul cvladebs. Tumca igi SiSis cvladis qveS gulisxmobs ara enis gamoyenebis SiSs, aramed mas arqmevs asimilaciis SiSs, romelSic gulisxmobs meore enis aTvisebis SemTxvevaSi Tavdapirveli kulturis da enis dakargvis SiSs da misi azriT, swored damokidebuleba asimilaciis SiSsa da integraciis motivacias Soris gansazRvravs meore enis Seswavlis motivacias da Semdgom Sedegs. Tu asimilaciis SiSi sWarbobs integraciis motivacias, maSin meore enis Seswavlis motivaciac dabalia da, Sesabamisad, Sedegic _ araefeqturi. xolo Tu integraciis motivacia sWarbobs asimilaciis SiSs, maSin meore enis Seswavlis motivacia maRalia da Sedegic efeqturi.

da bolos, miuleris socialur-kognitur modeli Tavis TavSi aerTianebs lambertis, gardneris da klemanis modelebs.

miuleris mixedviT, saskolo garemoSi meore enis SeswavlaSi warmateba damokidebulia Semdeg or ZiriTad cvladze: niWi (enis aTvisebis niWi da

zogadi inteleqti); saskolo enobrivi koncepti. aRniSnuli modelis mixedviT,

yvelaze mniSvnelovani cvladi _ es moswavlis enobrivi TviTkonceptia.


4

moswavlis ,,enobrivi TviTkoncepti~ -TviTdarwmunebuloba, TviTndoba (Selbstvertrauen) es aris rwmena sakuTari enobrivi unarebisa, rogorc mas miuleri uwodebs, enobrivi TviTprograma, romelic

gamocdilebis xangrZlivi dagrovebis Sedegia. swored mis safuZvelze aRmocendeba sakuTari enobrivi SesaZleblobebis zusti Sefaseba, romelic ufro zustad asaxavs moswavlis miRweul Sedegebs.

miuleris socialur-kognituri modeli

egzogenuri cvladebi endogenuri cvladebi sakontrolo cvladebi

socialur-ekonomiuri statusi

ojaxis ganaTlebis done

sqesi eTnolingvisturi warmoSoba

skolaSi swavlebis xangrZlivoba.

konteqstualuri cvladebi

saskolo konteqsti

sagakveTilo konteqsti

skola-ojaxis urTier-Tobis konteqsti

rogorc zemoT warmodgenil

suraTze Cans, meore enis Seswavlis motivacia da saskolo TviTkoncepti (bavSvis mier sakuTari Tavis, rogorc moswavlis, Sefaseba) erToblivad gansazRvravs moswavlis enobriv TviTkoncepts, romelic erTis mxriv ukukavSirSi imyofeba am or cvladTan da meores mxriv mniSvnelovani prediqtoria saskolo enobrivi kompetenciisTvis.

miulerTan motivaciis dinamiuri aspeqtis mniSvnelovneba meore enis Seswavlis TvalsazrisiT eWvqveS ar dgas. magram motivaciuri cvladi mxolod maSin warmoadgens meore enis Seswavlis mniSvnelovan prediqtors, rodesac moswavlis darwmunebuloba sakuTar enobriv SesaZleblobebSi maRalia. swored es ganapirobebs motivaciis konkretul mizanze orientirebas. Sesabamisad miuleri miiCnevs, rom nakleb efeqturia droebiTi didaqtikuri aRmzrdelobiTi meTodebi da waxalisebebi enaSi warmatebis miRwevis asamaRleblad.

rogorc vxedavT, yvela zemoT warmodgenili modeli gamoyofs im ZiriTad faqtorebs, romlebic gavlenas axdenen meore enis Seswavlis procesze. magram es modelebi gansxvavdebian imiT, rom

centralur da wamyvan faqtorad sxvadasxva cvlads miiCneven. aseTi gansxvavebuli gageba da aqcentebi ganpirobebulia imiT, rom modelebs empiriul safuZvlad daedo arsebiTad gansxvavebul populaciebze Catarebuli kvlevebi. lambertma, gardnerma da klemanma kvleva Caatares kanadel da Crdiloamerikel moswavleebsa da studentebze ucxo enis (franguli an inglisuri) Seswavlis konteqstSi. miuleris kvlevaSi ki monawileobdnen emigranti moswav-leebi, romlebic ukve didi xania cxovroben SveicariaSi. amitom maTTvis integraciis motivacia araa arsebiTi, radgan integracia garkveulwilad ukve momxdaria. kvlevis meTodologia kvlevis mizani

winamdebare kvlevis mizani iyo qarTulis, rogorc meore enis aTvisebis fsiqologiuri faqtorebis Seswavla formalur, saswavlo garemoSi, romelsac Tan axlavs enis realizebis araformaluri garemoc.

rogorc viciT, saqarTvelo mravaleTnikuri qveyanaa. 2002 wlis

meore enis Seswavlis motivacia

saskolo TviTkoncepti

enobrivi TviTkoncepti

enis niWi, enis Seswavlis unari.

araverbaluri inteleqti

saskolo-enobrivi

kompetencia


5

monacemebis mixedviT, saqarTvelos mosaxleobis 83,8% qarTvelia, 6,5%-azerbaijaneli, 5,7%-somxebi, 1,5%-rusebi, 0,9%-osebi, 0,4%-iezidebi, 0,3% berZnebi, 0,2%-qistebi, 0,2%-ukrainelebi da 0,1%-afxazebi. saxelmwifo ena qarTulia da, Sesabamisad, eTnikuri umciresobebis warmomadgenlebi sajaro skolaSi swavloben qarTuls, rogorc II enas. misi Seswavla xorcieldeba ZiriTadad formalur saskolo garemoSi, mxolod zog SemTxvevaSi aqvs adgili araformalur saswavlo garemos. es garemo ZiriTadad Seqmnilia dedaqalaqSi, xolo iseT raionebSi, sadac mcire erebi kompaqturad arian dasaxlebulebi, araformaluri saswavlo garemo saerTod ar aris.

kvlevis miznebidan gamom-dinare, kvlevis areali Semoifargla dedaqalaqis araqarTulenovani sajaro skolebiT, sadac moswavleebi swavloben qarTul enas, rogorc sagans da amavdroulad maT aqvT enis aTvisebis araformaluri garemoc qarTulenovani sociumis saxiT.

kvlevis meTodi zemoT aRweril modelebze

dayrdnobiT specialurad SemuSavda kiTxvari, romelic moicavda Semdeg ZiriTad sferoebs: egzogenuri faqtorebi: zogadi

akademiuri moswreba, enobrivi da eTnikuri warmomavloba, qarTuli enis swavlebis xangrZlivoba da a.S.

saskolo konteqsti (urTi-erToba skolis adminis-traciasTan da sxva skolebis warmomadgenlebTan);

sagakveTilo konteqsti (moswavle-maswavleblis urTi-erTobis faqtori, axsnis stili, gakveTilis wamyvani ena da a.S.);

skola-ojaxis urTierTobis konteqsti. (ojaxis CarTuloba da damokidebuleba qarTulis SeswavlasTan dakavSirebiT);

moswavlis TviTSefaseba meore enis SeswavlasTan dakav-SirebiT.

TiToeuli sfero moicavda misTvis relevantur debulebebs.

kiTxvari SemuSavda skolis me-11 klasis moswavleebisaTvis. me-11 klasi SeirCa imisaTvis, rom am asakSi bavSvs TiTqmis miRebuli aqvs zogadi ganaTleba, Seswavlili aqvs qarTuli, rogorc meore ena formalur pirobebSi. Sesabamisad, enis codnis Sedegi ukve saxeze unda iyos. Tanac esaa asaki, sadac sakuTar TavSi da SesaZleblobebSi darw-munebulobis (pozitiuri da adek-vaturi TviTSefasebis) Camoyalibeba arsebiT stadiazea.

kvlevis pirvel etapze moswavleebi pasuxobdnen kiTxvarSi mocemul kiTxvebs individualurad. meore etapze mowmdeboda maT mier qarTuli enis codnis done.

rogorc cnobilia,Eenis codna gulisxmobs:

metyvelebas aRniSnul enaze; weras; kiTxvas; mosmenilis gagebas da

gaazrebas. Cvens SemTxvevaSi aRniSnulis mixedviT meore enis flobis done mowmdeboda Semdegi ori kriteriumiT: saskolo akademiuri moswrebis

mixedviT (wliur niSanze dayrdnobiT);

specialuri maswavleblis kiTxvariT, romelic moswavles afasebda enis mocemuli 4 aspeqtis mixedviT (am SemTxvevaSic Sefaseba xorciedeboda 10 quliani sistemiT. kvlevis monawileebi

kvlevaSi monawileobda qalaq Tbilisis araqarTulenovani skolebi: # 43, 72, 75, 176 da orseqtoriani (qarTul-rusuli) skolebis rusuli seqtoris ramodenime klasi. sul klvevaSi monawileoba miiRo 1401 araqarTulenovanma moswavlem.

statistikuri analizi da Sedegebi miRebuli monacemebis

faqtoruli analizis Sedegad

1 savele samuSaoebSi monawileoba miiRes Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fakultetis fsiqologiis mimarTulebis studentebma.


6

(statistikuri programiT SPSS 17-iT), gamoikveTa ramodenime ZiriTadi

faqtori, romelTa wonac meore enis SeswavlaSi arsebiTia:

faqtorebi debulebebi

integraciis motivacia

sakuTari enobrivi

unaris Sefaseba

instrumentaluri motivacia

moswavlis saskolo

TviTkoncepti

qarTuli saxelmwifo enaa da saqarTvelos yvela moqalaqem unda icodes

.927

qarTuli enis codna aucilebelia

.924

xSirad vcdilob visaubro qarTulad

.882

megobrebTan urTierTobisas ZiriTadi sasaubro ena qarTuli enaa

.836

sasurveli azris gadmocemas qarTul enaze srulyofilad vaxerxeb

.667

qarTul enaSi saskolo warmatebebi CemTvis mniSvnelovania

.606

qarTuli enis floba upiratesobas maniWebs

.602.

maqvs urTierTobis damyarebis kargi unari

.554

qarTul enaze saubrisagan Tavs vikaveb, radgan meSiania ar damcinon

. .847

qarTul enaze saubrisagan Tavs vikaveb radgan jerjerobiT ar vflob saTanadod

.770

qarTuli enis aTviseba sakmaod rTulia

.599

Cemi ojaxi miiCnevs, rom qarTuli enis codna aucilebelia

.831

qarTuli enis codna mniSvnelovania raTa davamTavro skola

.752

qarTuli enis codna mniSvnelovania, raTa Cavabaro umaRles saswavlebelSi

.531

qarTuli enis srul-yofili codna

.568


7

damexmareba momavalSi warmatebebis miRwevaSi.

zogadad ramdenad warCinebul moswavled miiCnevT klasSi Tavs

.554

mondomebuli moswavle var

.845

aqtiurad var CarTuli saswavlo procesSi

.770

msiamovnebs swavla .707

qarTulad Tavisuflad vsaubrob

.573 .434

faqtorebis gamoyofis meTodi: ZiriTadi RerZebis faqtoruli analizi. brunvis meTodi: Ppromaqsi, kaizeris kriteriumiT.

monacemTa statistikuri ana-lizi gviCvenebs, rom qarTulis, rogorc meore enis aTvisebis ZiriTadi faqtorebi (cvladebis dispersiis mniSvnelovani nawili _ monacemTa variabilobis 39.42 %), emTxveva gardneris, klemanis, lambertis da miuleris mode-lebSi gamoyofil faqtorebs. kerZod, integraciis motivacia am faqtorze yvelaze maRali datvirTva aqvs Semdeg debulebebs: qarTuli saxelmwifo enaa

da saqarTvelos yvela moqalaqem unda icodes;

qarTuli enis codna aucilebelia;

xSirad vcdilob, visaubro qarTulad;

megobrebTan urTierTobisas ZiriTadi sasaubro ena qarTuli enaa;

qarTulad Tavisuflad vsaubrob;

maqvs urTierTobis damyarebis kargi unari.

amgvarad, qarTuli enis aTvisebis TvalsazrisiT, maRali Sedegebi aqvT im moswavleebs, romlebic miiCneven, rom qarTuli saxelmwifo enaa da misi codna aucilebelia, cdiloben isaub-ron qarTulad da megobroben qarTulenovan bavSvebTan. enis warmatebiT aTvisebaze aseve moqmedebs komunikaciis kargi unari da qarTulis codnis Tavdapirveli done.

sakuTari enobrivi unaris Sefaseba

es faqtori warmoadgens miuleris enobrivi TviTkonceptis Semadgenel arsebiT cvlads. masze maRali datvirTva aqvs Semdeg debulebebs:

qarTul enaze saubrisagan Tavs vikaveb, radgan meSinia ar damcinon;

qarTul enaze saubrisagan Tavs vikaveb, radgan jer-jerobiT saTanadod ver vflob;

qarTuli enis aTviseba sakmaod rTulia.

amgvarad, qarTuli enis aTvisebis TvalsazrisiT, dabali Sedegebi aqvT im moswavleebs, romlebic miiCneven, rom qarTuli enis Seswavla rTulia, Tavs ikaveben qarTul enaze saubrisgan, radgan miaCniaT, rom ar ician ena saTanadod da eSiniaT dacinvis.


8

instrumentaluri motivacia

am faqtorze maRali datvirTva aqvs Semdeg debulebebs:

Cemi ojaxi miiCnevs, rom qarTuli enis codna aucilebelia;

qarTuli enis codna mniSvnelovania, raTa davamTavro skola;

qarTuli enis srulyofili codna damexmareba moma-valSi warmatebebis miR-wevaSi;

qarTuli enis codna mniSvnelovania, raTa Cavabaro umaRles saswav-lebelSi.

amgvarad, qarTuli enis aTvisebis TvalsazrisiT, kargi Sedegebi aqvT im moswavleebs, romlebic acno-biereben qarTuli enis codnis praqtikul mniSvnelobas. moswavlis saskolo

TviTkoncepti (bavSvis mier sakuTari Tavis, rogorc moswavlis, Sefaseba). es faqtori miuleris enobrivi TviT-konceptis Semadgeneli nawilia.

am faqtorze maRali datvirTva aqvs Semdeg debulebebs: warCinebul moswavled

migvaCnia Tavi; mondomebuli moswavle var; qarTulad Tavisuflad

vsaubrob; msiamovnebs swavla; aqtiurad var CarTuli

saswavlo procesSi. amrigad, qarTuli enis aTvisebis

TvalsazrisiT, kargi Sedegebi aqvT im moswavleebs, romlebsac pozitiuri TviTSefaseba aqvT da qarTuli enis aTvisebis Sinagani motivacia amoZravebT.

kvlevis Sedegad dadginda qarTulis, rogorc meore enis aTvisebis warmatebaze moqmedi fsiqologiuri faqtorebi. gamov-linda maTi korelaciuri kavSiri

enaSi moswavlis akademiuri miRwevis donesTan, kerZod:

integraciis motivacia da moswavlis akademiuri miRweva (r = .576, p < .01);

sakuTari enobrivi unaris Sefaseba da moswavlis akademiuri miRweva (r = .711, p < .01);

instrumentaluri moti-vacia da moswavlis akademiuri miRweva (r = .245, p < .01);

moswavlis saskoli TviTkoncepti da moswavlis akademiuri miRweva (r = .640, p < .01);

aseve, Semdgomma raodenobrivma analizma debulebebis doneze aCvena, rom qarTulSi, rogorc meore enaSi, moswavlis akademiuri moswreba ufro maRalia im SemTxvevaSi, roca:

moswavlis garemocvaSi (ojaxSi, megobrebSi da a.S) figurirebs qarTul enaze Tavisuflad mosaubre piri (F (2.207) = 25.50; p ≤ .004);

mSobeli metad aris CarTuli Svilis saskolo cxovrebaSi (F (2.472) = 28.21; p ≤ .005);

mSobels mniSvnelovnad miaCnia qarTuli enis codna (F (2.08) = 7.39; p ≤ .003);

moswavles xSirad uwevs komunikacia qarTul enaze sxvadasxva konteqstSi (F (4.713) = 35.12, p ≤ .001);

Hmoswavlis safexuris qula aRemateba 8-s (F (1.54.) = 4.51; p ≤ .004);

moswavles Tavisi Semdgomi warmatebisaTvis qarTuli enis codna aucileblad miaCnia (F (3.22) = 11.531; p ≤ .003).


9

daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi kvlevis Sedegebma daadastura

hipoTeziT navaraudebi faqtorebis gavlena meore enis Seswavlaze. Tbilisis araqarTulenovani sko-lebis moswavleebisTvis erT-erTi wamyvani faqtori aRmoCnda integraciis motivacia, SedarebiT dabali, Tumca mniSvnelovani datvirTva aqvs instrumentalur motivacias. sayuradReboa is Sedegic, rom moswavlis enobrivi

TviTprograma mniSvnelovnad gansa-zRvravs meore enis dauflebis efeqturobas. moswavlis enobrivi TviTprograma ki _ mSoblisa da mTlianad ojaxis CarTulobis, maswavleblis kvalifikaciisa da moswavlis swavlisadmi misi ukukavSiris gareSe warmoudgenelia. es faqti TavisTavad dama-fiqrebelia swavlebis meTo-dologiis TvalsazrisiT: rogor daigegmos gakveTili, rogor SeirCes swavlebis stili da a.S., rom moswavlis TviTkompeten-turobis gancda masTan SeWidebuli aRmoCndes.

literatura

avrorini, 1972 - Аврорин В.А. Двуязычие и школа. // Проблемы двуязычия и многоязычия. М., Изд-во «Наука». 1972. стр. 49-62.

aleni da lamberti, 1969 - Aellen C. & Lambert W. E. Ethnic identification and personality adjustments of Canadian adolescents of mixed English-French parentage. // Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science. 1969. № 1. р. 69-86.

barsuki, 2004 - Барсук Р.Ю. Основы обучения иностранному языку в условиях двуязычия. // Психологические основы обучения неродному языку. М., 2004. стр. 181-192.

beikeri, 1993 - Baker C. Foundation of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism. Clevedon. 1993. 318 рag.

gardneri, 1958 - Gardner, R. C. Social factors in second-language acquisition. Master’s thesis, McGill University,1958.

gardneri, 1960 - Gardner, R. C. Motivational variables in second-language acquisition. Doctoral dissertation, McGill University, 1960.

gardneri, 1972 - Gardner, R. C., & Lambert, W. E. (1972). Attitudes and motivation in second language learning. Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House.

gardneri da kalini, 1981 - Gardner, R. C., & Kalin, R. (Eds.) (1981). A Canadian social psychology of ethnic relations.

lamberti, 1984 - Lambert W.E. On overview of issues in immersion education. // Studies on Immersion Education: A Collection for United States Educators. 1984. pag. 8-30.

lamberti, 1962 - Lambert W. & Peal E. The Relation of Bilingualism to Intelligence. Psychological Monographic. Rowley, Mass. 1962. 76: pag. 1-23.

leopoldi, 1954 - Leopold W. A child's learning of two languages. Fifth Annual Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press. 1954. pag.19-30.

raku jana, 2008 -Racu Jana, Language psychogenesis in mixed communication environments. Master’s thesis, Chisinau Pedagogical State University, 2008


10

Ia Aptarashvili

Psychological factors of studying Georgian as a second language in schools

ABSTRACT The goal of the presented research is to study psychological factors that influence Georgian as a second language acquisition in formal educational settings that might be accompanied with informal context. The theoretical background of the research is based on Muller social-cognitive model (1997). According to the research hypotheses, the questionnaire was designed for students and teachers. The research was conducted in Tbilisi public schools, where Georgian is a second language. 140 students and 12 teachers participated in the research. Students' level of knowledge was measured by their academic grades in the second language (Georgian language) and by their teachers' assessments. Results revealed some main factors that influence success in second language acquisition: integration, motivation, instrumental motivation, language skills self-esteem and student's school self-concept.


11

irina bagauri

imersiis bilingvuri ganaTleba - pasuxi ganaTlebis globaluri filosofiis gamowvevebze

abstraqti

winamdebare statia miznad isaxavs, mkiTxvels gaacnos

bilingvuri ganaTlebis Zlieri, SemnarCunebeli programa ,,imersia~. statiis Sesaval nawilSi saubaria imersiis, rogorc bilingvuri ganaTlebis programis warmoSobis istoriaze; ZiriTadi aqcentebi gakeTebulia kanadur imersiaze, rogorc am programis samSobloze, agreTve ganxilulia kanaduri imersiis naklovanebebi. statiaSi saubaria aseve imersiis programis ganxorcielebisaTvis Sesabamisi pedagogiuri CarCos Sesaxeb. daskvnis saxiT ki warmodgenelia imersiis upiratesobebi da saqarTveloSi aRniSnuli programis ganxorcielebis perspeqtivebi.

bilingvizmi da bilingvuri

ganaTleba Zalian aqtualuria mTeli msoflios masStabiT, ganviTarebuli qveynebi globa-lizaciis Tanamedrove gamowve-vebis Sesabamisad reagireben da maqsimalurad moqnil da praqtikul ganaTlebis sistemebs qmnian. ganaTlebis sistemis formirebisas udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba enobrivi politikis sworad dagegmvas. mravalenovan da mravaleTnikur civilizebur samyaroSi, mxolod erT enaze orientireba ar iqneba saukeTeso gamosavali. saqarTvelos ganaTle-bisa da mecnierebis saministro multilingvuri ganaTlebis kuT-xiT mniSvnelovan cvlilebebs axorcielebs. axali saswavlo wlidan saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionis araqarTulenovan 40 sapilote skolaSi multilin-gvuri swavlebis programebi inergeba, aRniSnuli siaxle miznad isaxavs ganaTlebis iseTi sistemis Seqmnas, romelic uzrunvelyofs eTnikuri umciresobebis srulfa-

sovan integracias saxelmwifo enis Seswavlis gziT, agreTve saxelmwifo enis popularizacias. garda amisa, bi/multikulturuli ganaTlebis upiratesoba mdgo-mareobs imaSi, rom igi xels uwyobs moswavleebSi interkultu-ruli Cevevebisa da tolerantobis ganviTarebas, rac Zalian mniSvnelovania eTnikurad mraval-ferovan saqarTveloSi mSvidobiani TanacxovrebisaTvis.

saerTaSoriso mkvlevrebis mier bilingvuri ganaTlebis programebis erTmaneTTan da monolingvur programebTan Sedarebis dros, ikveTeba Zlieri programebis efeqturobis sakiTxi. imersiis da mSobliuri enis SenarCunebis bilingvuri prog-ramebis Sefasebam aCvena `Zlieri~ bilingvuri programebis efeqtu-roba. aRniSnuli programebi uzrunvelyofen rogorc bilin-gvizmsa da ormag wignierebas, aseve maRal akademiur miRwevebs. imersiis bilingvuri ganaTleba


12

warmoadgens swored ,,Zlier~ bilingvur programas.

termini ,,imersiuli ganaT-leba~'aqtualuri gaxda kanadaSi 1960-ian wlebSi, igi aRwerda inovaciur programas, romelSic franguli ena gamoiyeneboda, rogorc Sualeduri swavlebis ena dawyebiT skolaSi iseT moswavleebTan, romelTa mSob-liuri enac iyo inglisuri. statiaSi ZiriTadad SevexebiT kanadur imersias, radgan swored kanadaSi Caeyara safuZveli mocemul programas.

mcire istoriuli mimoxilva:

1960-iani wlebis dasawyisi kanadis istoriaSi da, gansakuTrebiT, kvebekis olqisaTvis warmoadgens mniSvnelovan periods (genezi, 1976). ,,Cumi revoluciis~'' saxeliT cnobili movlenebi didi struqturuli da RirebulebiTi cvlilebebis xelSemwyobi aRmoCnda kvebekis olqis frangulenovani mosaxleobisaTvis. ganaTlebis kuTxiT umniSvnelo-vanesi iyo regionaluri ganaTlebis saministros aRdgena da agreTve savaldebulo dawyebiTi da saSualo skolebis Seqmna. zogadad ,,Cum revoluciaSi~ SesamCnevia frangu-li enis gavlena, romelic yovelTvis mosdevda gabatonebul inglisur enas meore poziciaze, miuxedavad imisa, rom provinciis mosaxleobis 80% frangulenovani iyo da saubrobdnen mxolod frangulad. frangulma enam daiwyo legitimaciis moxveWa, rogorc sakomunikacio enam kvebekis cxovrebis yvela aspeqtSi da biznesSic ki, romelSic Zveleburad inglisuri ena dominirebda.

inglisurenovanma sazogado-ebam seriozuli yuradReba miaqcia am mdgomareobas. ZiriTadi yuradRebis sagani iyo franguli enis swavlebis efeqturoba inglisur skolebSi. inglisu-

renovan moswavleTa mSoblebi Zalian ukmayofiloni iyvnen Svilebis mier miRweuli dabali kompetenciebiT frangul enaSi. aRniSnuli dabali done SeiniSneboda sruli 12 klasis damTavrebis Semdegac ki. franguli enis mniSvnelobis gazrdis kvaldakval da arsebuli swavlebis araefeqturi meTodebis Sedegad, anglofon mSobelTa gaerTianebam daiwyo sxva alternativebis ganxilva meore enis Seswavlis arsebuli meTodebis kvaldakval (halperni, 1979).M kvlevis dros mSoblebi Suamdgomlobdnen adgilobriv eqspertebTan; erT-erTi maTgani iyo monrealis nevrologiuri institutis warmomadgeneli vailder penfildi, romelmac saerTaSoriso aRiareba moipova naSromiT enisa da gonebis (tvinis) Sesaxeb; agreTve vales lamberti makgilis universitetidan, romlis mniSvnelovani naSromia ,,bilin-gvizmis socialuri fsiqologia~. maT erToblivad ganaviTares franguli imersiis programa. mocemuli jgufuri muSaobis Sedegad miRebuli imersiis programa, romelSic CarTulebi iyvnen mSoblebi, eqspertebi, maswavleblebi, mkvlevrebi da sxva specialistebi, TandaTanobiT gavrcelda mTeli kanadis masStabiT. Zalian mcirea iseTi socialuri sakiTxebi, romelSic gamovlinda aseTi nebayoflobiTi da erTiani aqtiuroba.

jonsoni da sveini (1997) aRniSnavdnen, rom imersiul programaSi araferia principulad axali meore enis swavlebasTan dakavSirebiT. marTlac, formalu-ri ganaTlebis istorias Tu gadavxedavT, meore enis swavleba saSualo doneze xSirad iyo norma, vidre gamonaklisi. kanaduri franguli imersia warmoadgenda pirvel programas, romelic daqvemdebarebuli iyo xangrZliv kvlevasa da Sefasebaze.


13

imersiuli programis mTavari

niSnebi. sveinma da jonsonma (1997)

gamoyves imersiis programebis ZiriTadi da cvladi maxasiaTeblebi:

ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi: (1) meore ena aris

swavlebis ena; (2) saswavlo gegma ar

gansxvavdeba umravlesobis skolebis saswavlo gegmisgan;

(3) skola mxars uWers moswavlis mier mSobliuri enis flobis ganviTarebas;

(4) saxeze gvaqvs bilingvizmis Semmatebeli konteqsti;

(5) meore enis gamoyeneba xdeba ZiriTadad saswavlo daniSnulebiT;

(6) moswavleebs aqvT Tanabari meore enis kompetencia skolaSi Sesvlisas;

(7) yvela maswavlebeli bilingvalia;

(8) saklaso kultura SesabamisobaSia moswavleTa mSobliur kulturasTan.

cvladi maxasiaTeblebi: (1) imersiis programa

iwyeba sxvadasxva klasSi; (2) imersiis programa

aris sruli an nawilobrivi; (3) saswavlo sagnebze

enebis gadanawileba gansxva-vebulia klasebis mixedviT;

(4) imersiis programa SeiZleba moicavdes mxolod dawyebiT skolas, Tumca SeiZleba grZeldebodes sabazo da saSualo skolis safexurze da agreTve umaRles saswavlebelSic;

(5) garantirebulia mas-wavlebelTa treningi, raTa maT uzrunvelyon moswavleTa umtkiv-neulod gadasvla mSobliuri enidan meore enaze;

(6) gansxvavebulia saswav-lo procesisTvis saWiro saswavlo resursebi da

maswavleblis momzadebis xarisxi, raTa mas SeeZlos am saswavlo resursebis sworad gamoyeneba;

(7) gansxvavebulia sko-lis administraciis, maswav-leblebis, moswavleebisa da politikosebis mxardaWera imersiis programisadmi;

(8) gansxvavebulia moswav-leTa damokidebuleba meore enisa da kulturisadmi;

(9) gansxvavebulia meore enis statusi;

(10) imersiis programis warmatebis indikatorebi gansx-vavebulia sxvadasxva prog-ramisTvis.

imersiuli programebis

Sedegebis mimoxilva franguli imersiis prog-

ramebze Catarebuli kvlevebis safuZvelze miRebuli Sedegebi mimoxilulia mraval naSromSi (genezi, 1987; jonsoni da sveini, 1997; lamberti da tiukeri, 1972; rebufoti, 1992; sveini da lapkini, 1982) da uamrav JurnalSi statiebis saxiT (mag. sveini da lapkini, 1986). arsebobs franguli imersiis programebis ganxorci-elebis sami varianti: adreuli imersia, romelic iwyeba skolamdeli ganaTlebis centrSi an pirvel klasSi. saSualo imersia, romelic iwyeba me-4 - me-5 klasebSi da gviani imersia, romelic saTaves iRebs me-7 klasidan. Yyvela maTgani xasiaTdeba samizne enis (frangulis) 50%-iani swavlebiT swavlebis adreul safexurebze. magaliTad, adreuli imersia Cveulebriv moicavs 100% franguls sabavSvo baRSi da pirvel klasSi, xolo inglisuri sagnebi TandaTanobiT Semodis me-2 da me-3 klasebSi da zogierT SemTxvevaSi ufro gvianac _ me-4 klasSi. me-5 da me-6 klasebSi sagnobrivi saaTebi Tanabrad iyofa orive enaze. daaxloebiT 40 procentia franguli enis wili me-


14

7, me-8 da me-9 klasebisaTvis, es procentuli maCvenebeli kidev ufro mcirdeba Semdgom klasebSi, radgan umaRles skolaSi saswavlo masalis didi nawili inglisur enazea mowodebuli moswavleebisaTvis. Sesabamisi da Tanmimdevruli aRmoCenebi mohyva franguli imersiis programis Sefasebas kanadis farglebSi.

adreul imersiul progra-mebSi moswavleebma gamoamJRavnes srulyofili codna da wigniereba frangulSi _ inglisurTan SedarebiT. inglisurenovani sagnebis SemosvlasTan erTad, erTi saswavlo wlis Semdeg moswavleebs ukve SeeZloT standartuli testis Sesruleba inglisur enaze.

saocari is iyo, rom imer-siaSi gaerTianebuli da Cveu-lebrivi inglisurenovani prog-ramebis moswavleTa mier testis Sesrulebis done iyo identuri (mexuTe klasisTvis). erTi potenciuri SezRudva am aRmoCenisa is aris, rom standartuli testebi ar gamoxatavs inglisuri enis codnis yvela aspeqts. specifikuri weriTi unarebis ganviTareba ver fasdeba aseTi tipis testebiT. Tumca ramdenime swavlebis tipis gamoyenebiT Catarebulma gamocdam, sadac Semowmda inglisuri weris ganviTarebis done, aCvena, rom am kuTxiT raime saxis darRveva ar aRiniSneba (sveini, 1975); agreTve ar aris aRmoCenili raime saxis darRveva sagnis dauflebasTan dakavSirebiT franguli imersiis arc erTi programis SemTxvevaSi.

kvlevam aCvena, rom moswavleTa aTvisebis unari ukeTesad aris ganviTarebuli (mSobliur enaze mosaubreebTan SedarebiT), vidre maTi gamoxatvis unarebi. dawyebiTi skolis damTavrebisaTvis moswavleebi axlos arian mSobliur enaze mosaubreebTan sasaubro da weriTi unarebis TvalsazrisiT, Tumca

arsebobs mniSvnelovani nakli, romelic gamoixateba enis gramatikul aspeqtebSi (kuminsi, 1996).

zemoT CamoTvlili avtorebi aRweren imersiuli ganaTlebis sakvanZo sakiTxebs farTo WrilSi msoflios qveynebis masStabiT. maT daaskvnes, rom imersiuli ganaTlebis xelsayrel pirobebSi adgili aqvs mTel rig upiratesobebs. kvlevis Tanaxmad, es aris damatebiTi bilingvizmi, kulturuli, fsiqologiuri da kognituri upiratesobebi.

franguli imersiis

ganxorcielebis problemuri areebi

gansxvaveba moswavleTa mier codnis aTvisebasa da gadmocemis unarebs Soris SeiZleba gagebuli iyos frangebTan interaqciis simciris konteqstSi da agreTve mwiri frangulenovani saklaso garemos gaTvaliswinebiT. gadmo-cemis unaris ganviTarebisken mimarTulia iseTi skolebi, romlebic mTlianad franguli imersiis programas axorcieleben, gansxvavebiT im skolebisgan, sadac mxolod erT nakadSi xorcieldeba franguli imersia.

damatebiTi problema, rome-lic axasiaTebs adreul frangul imersias, aris misi dawyebis momentTan SedarebiT moswavleTa programidan amovardnis maRali done, rac ganpirobebulia akademiuri an qceviTi faqtorebiT. programidan amovardnis yvela SemTxveva ar aris gamowveuli akademiuri siZneleebiT, Tumca kipi, ganixilavs ra kvlevis Sedegebs, adgens, rom akademiuri da qceviTi siZneleebi warmoadgens mTavar faqtors, romelic ganapirobebs regularul ingli-sur programaze gadasvlas.

aRniSnuli problemebidan orives dakavSireba SegviZlia pedagogikis im tipTan, romelic damaxasiaTebelia adreuli


15

franguli imersiuli prog-ramisTvis, Tumca ar aris saWiro sxva qveynebSic imave programebis gadatana (biorklandi, 1997). maswavleblisa da moswavlis urTierTobaze dayrdnobiT, adreuli franguli imersiis dros gakeTda daskvna: aseTi klasebis umravlesoba maswavlebelze orientirebulia da, ase vTqvaT, ,,transmisiulia~, anu xdeba codnis gadacemaze fokusireba (kuminsi, 1996). sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, maswavleblebi orientirebulni arian kurikulumiT gaTvalis-winebuli masala ise gadascen moswavleebs, rom moswavleebs hqondeT frangul enaSi weriTi Tu sametyvelo unarebis gamovlenis minimaluri saSualeba da SezRudulebi arian agreTve kreatiuli azrovnebisa da problemis gadaWrisken mimarTuli aqtivobebisgan. (harli, 1991; vilsoni da konoki, 1982). 1980 wlamde uaRresad mwirad iyo warmodgenili korporatiuli da proeqtebze dafuZnebuli swavleba, vidre es damaxasiaTebeli iyo regularul inglisuri progra-mebisaTvis.

garda amisa, imersiuli programis moswavleebs aReniSne-bodaT SemoqmedebiTi weris mxriv SezRudva da agreTve ufro mwirad kiTxulobdnen originalur frangul literaturas, vidre moswavleebi regularuli ingli-suri programebidan.

pedagogikis CarCo imersiuli

programebisTvis avtori aRniSnavs, rom ori

ZiriTadi problema, romelic axasiaTebs da gamoikveTa kanadaSi franguli imersiis danergvisas (arazusti frangulenovani unarebi da maRali amovardnis maCvenebeli zogierT konteqstSi) SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT gadacemaze orien-tirebul pedagogiur midgomas, romelic miRebulia imersiul programebSi. rodesac maswavleb-

lebs ekiTxebian, Tu ratom ar nergaven isini ufro kooperatiul swavlebas da proeqtebze dafuZ-nebul strategiebs, maswavleblebi gamoxataven SeSfoTebas imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom moswavleebi aseTi qmedebebisas gamoiyeneben inglisur enas. moswavleTa mier pirveli enis gamoyeneba aRqmulia, rogorc imersiis ZiriTadi winapirobis darRveva.

maswavleblebi iSviaTad rTaven nebas moswavleebs, rom maT gamoiyenon pirveli ena (inglisuri) sxvadasxva aqtivo-bisas, aseve diskusiebisa da pirveladi gegmebis Sedgenisas, im pirobiT, rom saboloo naSromi Tu sxva proeqti iyos samizne enaze Sesrulebuli.

enebis danawevrebis principi da pirdapiri meTodiT swavlebis niSnebi iZleva iseT Sedegebs imersiul programebSi, sadac pedagogika naklebad SemecnebiTi da kreatiuli xdeba. optimaluri kognituri progresis miRwevi-saTvis da Sinagani motivaciis gazrdisaTvis saWiroa interaqcia maswavlebelsa da moswavles Soris. imisaTvis, rom studentebma miaRwion umaRles dones meore enaSi (Sesabamis safexurze), saswavlo gegmaSi unda iyos Sesabamisi konteqstualuri mxardaWera amisaTvis. aRniSnuli konteqstualuri mxardaWera gamoiyeneba ara mxolod imersiul programebSi, aramed yvela Sinaarsze dafuZnebul da bilingvuri ganaTlebis situa-ciaSi. igi moicavs Semdegs: moswavlisTvis priori-

tetuli codnis gaaqtiureba da ukana planze arsebuli codnis mSenebloba (sadac saWiroa, pirveli enis gamoyenebiT);

saswavlo procesis modificireba imisaTvis, rom moxdes informaciuli siWarbe swavlebaSi (mag.: perifrazebis, gameorebis,


16

demonstrirebis, Jestebis gamoyenebiT);

grafikuli maorganizeble-bis gamoyeneba, raTa gadmoices konceptualuri Sinaarsi;

praqtikuli aqtivobebi Sinaarsobrivad datvirTul sagnebSi, rogoric aris sabunbismetyvelo mecnierebebi, maTematika da sazogadoebrivi mecnierebebi;

saerTo swavleba da proeqtebze dafuZnebuli sxvagvari samuSaoebi, rac waaxalisebs moswavleebs, raTa maT gamoimuSaon da SeiZinon ufro meti axali codna, vidre iyvnen mxolod informaciis momxmarebelni;

kompiuteruli teqnologie-bis, rogorc ,,kulturuli gamaZliereblis~, Semoqme-debiTad gamoyeneba (mag.: eleqtronuli enciklope-diis an saerTaSoriso qselis gamoyeneba, agreTve monacemTa analizis prog-ramebis gamoyeneba proeq-tebze muSaobisas, agreTve monaTesave klasebTan urTi-erToba distanciuri gakve-Tilebis dros, videokamere-bis gamoyeneba da video-teqstebis Seqmna, realuri auditoriis imitacia bilingvuri proeqtebis ganxorcielebisas.);

zemoT CamoTvlil mravalferovan JanrebSi werisa da kiTxvis integrireba. faqtobrivad, yvela enaT-

mecnieri Tanxmdeba, rom enis aTvisebis mTavar pirobas warmoadgens samizne enaze gasagebi Sinaarsis wvdoma. enaTmecnierebi aseve miuTiTeben sxva rolebze, rogoric aris enis formaluri Tavisebu-rebebi, swavlebis efeqturi strategiebis ganviTareba,

agreTve samizne enis faqtobrivi gamoyeneba. gasagebi Sinaarsis interpretireba unda moxdes ara mxolod zustad, sityvasityviT gagebuli, aramed is unda gadaizardos kritikul wignierebaSi, sadac moswavle-ebi miRebul codnas daukavSireben sakuTar codnas, gamocdilebas, kritikulad gaiazreben teqsts da diskusiis Sedegad miRebul daskvnebs gamoiyeneben raime proeqtisTvis (videos Seqmna, leqsis an eses dawera specifikur Temaze). enis gacnobierebis procesis ganvi-Tareba moicavs ara mxolod enis formalur aspeqtebze koncentrirebas, aramed sxva-gvari aqtivobis ganxorcie-lebas da proeqtebs, romlebic mowodebuli iqneba moswavleTa meore enis codnis gaRrmavebisken da maTSi multi-lingvuri fenomenis gaRvive-bisken. gTavazobT aqtivobebis CamonaTvals: enobrivi sistemis struq-

tura (mag: kavSiri gamoTqmasa da marTlweras Soris, gramatika, leqsikoni da a.S);

sxvadasxva musikaluri da literaturuli formebis urTierTSexameba (mag.: repi, poezia, beletristika, haiku, baladebi da a.S.);

werilobiTi an zepirsit-yvieri damajerebeli gzav-nilebis Seqmnis organizeba (mag.: oratoruli mety-veleba, gavleniani weri-lobiTi dokumentebi, poli-tikuri Teoriebi, reklamebi da a.S);

enis gamoyenebis mraval-ferovneba monolingvur da multilingvur konteqstSi, koduri gadarTvebi bilin-gvuri urTierTobis dros. CamoTvlili sakiTxebi

metyvelebs imaze, rom meore enis codna abstraqtuli da


17

trivialuri darCeba, Tu moswavleebs ar eqnebaT sakuTari identobisa da codnis gamoxatvis saSualeba am enaze. unda Seiqmnas auTenturi auditoria, rac, Tavis mxriv, moswavleTa motivirebas gamoiwvevs rogorc werilobiT, ise zepirsityvieri saxiT azris gamoxatvaSi.

bilingvuri ganaTlebis

imersiis formis saqarTveloSi danergvis perspeqtivebi

statiaSi ganxiluli

sakiTxebidan gamomdinare, aSkaraa bilingvuri ganaTlebis ,,Zlieri~'programebis upira-tesoba sust programebTan SedarebiT. agreTve Tval-saCinoa bilingvizmis dama-tebiTi gamamdidrebeli principis ganxilva imersiis programasTan mimarTebiT. Tumca, meore mxriv, ganxilul problemur areebSi warmo-Cenelia erTi umTavresi problema, romelic pedagogebs da pedagogiur meTodebs ukavSirdeba. saqarTveloSi danergvis procesSia multi-lingvuri ganaTlebis iseTi efeqturi programebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofen saxelmwifo enis Seswavlas. saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro orientirebas ake-Tebs bilingvuri ganaTlebis ,,Zlier~'' programebze, rac Zalian sasiamovnoa. Tumca, amgvar `Zlier~ programebs Soris im 40 sapilote skolaSi, romlebic ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrom SearCia, imersiis modeli ar SeurCeviaT. es sxvadasxva gaqtoriTaa ganpirobebuli: umTavresi mainc isaa, rom qveynis umravlesobis (qarTvelebis) warmomadgenlebi am kompaqturad gansaxlebis regionebSi Tavad warmoadgenen

enobriv umciresobas; am TvalsazrisiT, saintereso vitarebaa afxazeTis avto-nomiur respulikaSi, sadac, saqarTvelos konstituciiT, afxazuri, qarTulTan ertad, saxelmwifo enis statusiT sargeblobs. vfiqrobT, ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrom unda gadadgas nabijebi afxazeTis ganaTlebis saministrosTan TanamSromlobiT, raTa afxazeTidan iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirebs (romelTa umravlesobac qarTulenovania) mieceT saSualeba, qarTulTan erTad, afxazuric CarTon swavlebis enad – anu, aiRon Zlieri bilingvuri ganaTlebis imersiuli modeli. rasakvir-velia, gasaTvaliswinebelia iseTi mniSvnelovani faqtorebi, rogoricaa saskolo garemo, Temisa da mSoblebis CarTuloba da mTlianad ganaTlebis swori politikis dagegmva. SegaxsenebT, rom kanadaSic ki, sadac safuZveli Caeyara imersias da arsebobda yvela piroba programis ganxorcielebisaTvis _ aras-wori midgomebis gamo, adgili hqonda Cavardnebs... daskvna bilingvuri skolebis marTva

rTulia, radgan enobrivi ganzomileba damatebiT mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs. Sesabamisad, moiTxovs damatebiT Zalisxmevas moswavleTa dajgufebis, saswavlo gegmis momzadebis, maswavlebelTa gadamzadebisa da saswavlo resursebiT uzrunvelyofis Tval-sazrisiT. agreTve saWiroebs mSobelTa ufro met CarTulobas da xSirad asistentTa institutis SemoRebas skolis farglebSi. mniSvnelovani kavSiri unda


18

myardebodes enisa da sagnis aTvisebas Soris. aseT pirobebSi maswavleblis profesionalizmsa da skolis xelmZRvanelobisa da administraciis efeqturobas udidesi roli eniWeba da gansazRvravs bilingvuri ganaTlebis nebismieri modelis efeqturobas (beikeri, 2010).

Tanamedrove epoqaSi, rodesac informacia da sainformacio wyaroebi arnaxulad izrdeba, globalur marketingSi moRvawe biznes kompaniebi did moTxovnilebas acxadeben iseT kadrebis mimarT, romlebsac ZaluZT informaciis mogroveba wignebis, Jurnalebis da monacemTa bazebis saSualebiT da romlebsac SeuZliaT aRniSnuli mopovebuli informaciis kritikuli analizi, maTi relevantobisa da validobis Sefaseba, mocemuli informaciis saSualebiT samsa-xurebrivi problemebis gadaWra da kolegialobis unaris gamoCena gansxvavebul kulturul, rasistul da lingvistur WrilSi. dame-TanxmebiT, warmatebulad ganxorci-

elebuli ,,Zlieri~'bilingvuri prog-ramebi mowodebulia imisaTvis, rom upasuxos aseT gamowvevebs.

saqarTveloSi dResdReobiT imersiis programebi ar muSaobs. rasakvirvelia, amgvari Zlieri bilingvuri programis amoqmedeba sasurvelia, Tumca rigi faqtorebis gamo, dResdReobiT saxelmwifo Tavs ikavebs ganaTlebis xsenebul model-ze; Tumca, vfiqrobT, imersiis programa warmatebiT imuSavebs afxazeTidan iZulebiT gadaadgi-lebul pirTa skolebSi, romlebic dRes afxazeTis ganaTlebis saministros daqvemdebarebaSia: saqarTvelos konstituciiT, afxa-zuri (umciresobis ena) saxelmwifo enis statusiT sargeblobs afxazeTis teritoriaze. imersiis programis amoqmedeba am skolebSi mravalmxriv sasargeblo iqneba rogorc enobrivi, aseve socio-kulturuli da eTnofsiqologiuri TvalsazrisiT.

literatura

beikeri, 2006 - k. beikeri, bilingvizmisa da bilingvuri ganaTlebis safuZvlebi. ,,samoqalaqo integraciisa da erovnebaTSorisi urTierTobebis centris’’ 2010 wlis qarTuli versiis gamocema.

bilingvuri ganaTlebis programebis debulebis proeqti, saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro, 2009.

genezi, 1976 - Genesee, F. English writing skills of students in French immersion programs.Canadian Journal of Education, 1, 1-18., 1976b.

genezi, 1987 - Genesee, F. Learning through two language; 1987 genezi, 2007 - Genesee, F. Literacy outcomes in French immersion. Encyclopedia of Language and Literacy Development (pp. 1-8). London, ON: Canadian Language and Literacy

Research Network, 2007. kuminsi, 1998 _ Jim Cummins- Immersion Education for the Millenium: What we have learned from

30 years of reaserch on second language immersion, 1998. peresi, 2004 _ Pérez Bertha - Becoming Billiterate: A study of Two-Way Bilingual Immersion

Education. 2004. Sepsoni, 2004 _ Shapson, S. & D'Oyley , V._ Bilingual and Multicultural Education: Canadian

Perspectives, 2004.


19

Irina Bagauri

Immersion Bilingual Education – The Response to Global Education Philosophy’s Challenges

ABSTRACT

The present article aims to introduce the readers to,, Immersion’’ bilingual education, which represents the ,,strong’’ and maintenance program of bilingual education. The introduction describes the historical background of ,,immersion’’, as a program of bilingual education. The main focus is made on Canadian Immersion, because ,,Immersion’’ originated in Canada. In the next part of the article the problem areas of French immersion programs are discussed. It gives an overview of the framework for appropriate pedagogy in Immersion programs. The final part of the article presents the advantages of Immersion programs and analyses the perspectives of the implementation of this program in Georgia.


20

mzia wereTeli

walkis raionSi arsebuli jgufTaSorisi urTierTobebis

fsiqologiuri Taviseburebebis sakiTxisaTvis statia eyrdnoba rusTavelis fondis proeqtis "usafrTxoebis eTnikuri aspeqtebi polieTnikur sazogadoebaSi" farglebSi am raionSi Catarebuli kvlevis masalebs.

abstraqti

statiaSi ganxilulia walkis raionis mosaxleobis socialur-fsiqologiuri da kulturuli klimatis Taviseburebebi, aq mcxovreb sxvadasxva eTnikur jgufTa urTierTobebis specifika da maTi gavlena saxelmwifo enis aTvisebaze. klveva ganxorcielebulia intervius meTodiT. klvevam gamoavlina sxvadasxva eTnikur jgufTa sazogadoebrivi integraciis xelisSemsleli faqtorebi, romelTa Soris erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesia adgilobrivi mosaxleobisTvis saerTo sakomunikacio enis ar arseboba. qarTul enas mxolod saxelmwifo enis formaluri statusi aqvs, radgan mosaxleobis didi nawili mxolod sakuTar enas flobs. arakeTilsaimedo socialur-fsiqologiuri klimati ki qarTuli enis swavlis erT-erT mniSvnelovan barierad gvevlineba.

saqarTveloSi samoqalaqo sazo-

gadoebis Camoyalibebisa da misi

ganviTarebisTvis metad mniSv-

nelovani pirobaa saqarTveloSi

mcxovrebi sxvadasxva eTnikur

jgufTa sazogadoebrivi integracia.

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am procesSi,

sxva faqtorebTan erTad, gadamwyveti

roli aqvs saerTo sakomunikacio

enis arsebobas, romlis funqciasac,

cxadia, saxelmwifo ena unda

asrulebdes. amdenad, araqarTule-

novani mosaxleobisTvis saxelmwifo

enis swavleba qveynis ganvi-

TarebisTvis aucilebeli umniSv-

nelovanesi amocanaa. miznis

misaRwevad ganaTlebisa da

mecnierebis saministrom dargis

ucxoel da adgilobriv eqspertebTan

erTad SeimuSava specialuri

politikis dokumenti, rac, ra Tqma

unda, myar politikur da

sakanonmdeblo safuZvels qmnis

saqarTvelos multieTnikur regi-

onebSi qarTuli enis Seswavlis

specialuri programebis reali-

zaciisTvis. skolisa Tu ufro

farTo sazogadoebis doneze

SemuSavebuli sxvadasxva programebis

efeqtiani danergvisTvis mniSvne-

lovania swavla-swavlebis komponen-

tebis srulyofa, kvalificiur

pedagogebis momzadeba, maRali

xarisxis saswavlo programebis da

saxelmZRvaneloebis SemuSaveba.

Tumca, procesis warmatebuli

realizaciisTvis aucilebelia

agreTve multieTnikur regionebSi

socialur-fsiqologiuri da kultu-

ruli klimatis gaTvaliswinebac.

sazogadoebis damokidebulebebi da

ganwyobebi meore enisadmi, misi


21

aTvisebis motivaciis xasiaTi da

siZliere, agreTve, sazogadoebaSi

arsebuli interpersonaluri

urTierTobebi da eTnikuri ste-

reotipebi xSirad gadamwyvet rols

asruleben meore enis aTvisebis

warmateba-warumateblobaSi (gasi,

selinkeri, 2001, vukfolki, 2007).

winamdebare klvevis mizans

warmoadgens walkis raionis

mosaxleobis socialur-fsiqolo-

giuri da kulturuli klimatis

Seswavla da saxelmwifo enis

aTvisebaze moqmedi faqtorebis

Sefaseba.

walkis raioni istoriulad

saqarTvelos multieTnikur kuTxes

warmoadgens. aq saxlobdnen

gansxvavebuli religiisa da

eTnikuri kulturis xalxebi:

berZnebi, qarTvelebi, azrebaijanlebi

da sxv. bolo drois saqarTveloSi

ganxorcielebuli politikuri,

bunebrivi da socialur-ekonomikuri

cvlilebebis zegavleniT, es kuTxe

kidev ufro metad daitvirTa

mravaleTnikurobis TvalsazrisiT. aq

mosaxle berZnebis didma nawilma

datova sakuTari miwebi da

sacxovreblad saberZneTSi gadavida.

meore mxriv ki, saqarTvelos

mTavrobam aq Camoasaxla bunebrivi

kataklizmebis Sedegad dazara-

lebuli da usaxlkarod darCenili

svanebi da aWarlebi. amgvarad,

eTnikuri da kompesiuri Tval-

sazrisiT isedac mravalferovani

suraTi ekomigrantebis CamosaxlebiT

kidev ufro Wreli gaxda.

amasTan, gansxvavebuli aRmo-

Cnda sxvadasxva eTnikuri jgufis

socialur-ekonomikuri statusic.

berZnebis umravlesobam qveyana ki

datova, magram sakuTrebaSi

SeinarCuna kar-midamo da miwebi,

xolo axalmosaxleTa (ekomigrantTa)

umravlesobas sakuTrebaSi arc

saxli da arc miwa ar gaaCnia.

rogorc cnobilia, Zalauf-

lebis, resursebisa da SesaZ-

leblobebis araTanabari ganawileba

SesaZlo eTnikuri daZabulobis

wyaros warmoadgens. SesaZlo risk-

faqtorebs miekuTvneba sxvadasxva

eTnikur jgufebs Soris enobrivi,

religiuri da tradiciuli

kulturis gansxvavebulobac.

eTnikuri daZabuloba fsiqo-

logiur doneze vlindeba eTnikur

jgufebs Soris interesebisa da

Sexedulebebis gansvlaSi, sakuTari

da sxva jgufis urTierTda-

pirispirebul stereotipebSi,

eTnocentrul atribuciasa da

uaryofiT ganwyobebSi.

jgufTaSorisi aRqmis erT-erT

mniSvnelovan meqanizms Sidajgufuri

favoritizmi warmoadgens. igi

gulisxmobs sakuTari jgufisadmi

da misi wevrebisadmi keTilganwyobas

da maTTvis upiratesobis miniWebas

sxva jgufebTan da maT wevrebTan

SedarebiT (stefanenko, 2004)

Sidajgufuri favoritizmis

yvelaze gavrcelebuli formaa

egocentrizmi. es aris movlenebis

iseTi xedva, romlis drosac

sakuTari jgufi yvelafris centrSia,

sxva jgufebi ganixileba sakuTar

jgufTan mimarTebiT da fasdeba

masze dayrdnobiT.

Tanamedrove mkvlevrebi ganixi-

laven egocentrizms, rogorc

adamianebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel

Tvisebas, àRiqvan da Seafason

cxovrebiseuli movlenebi sakuTari

eTnikuri jgufis tradiciebisa da

faseulobebis prizmaSi, romelic

miCneulia rogorc etaloni an

optimumi~(maiersi, 2000, stefanenko,

2004).


22

bruneri da kempbeli gamoyofen

egocentrizmis Semdeg ZiriTad

maxasiaTeblebs:

1. sakuTari kulturis ele-

mentebis _ normebisa da

faseulobebis, rogorc buneb-

rivisa da sworis, aRqma,

xolo sxva kulturis ele-

mentebisa – rogorc ara-

bunebrivisa da arasworisa.

2. sakuTari jgufis adaT-

wesebis universalurad miC-

neva.

3. Sexeduleba imis Taobaze,

rom adamianisaTvis norma-

luria sakuTari jgufis

wevrTan TanamSromloba, misi

daxmareba, misTvis upira-

tesobis miniWeba, misiT

siamaye, misi ndoba da sxva

jgufebisadmi undobloba da

mtrobac ki.

aucilebeli ar aris samive

maxasiaTeblis erTdrouli arseboba

imisaTvis, rom egocenrizms hqondes

adgili. iq, sadac aris mesame

maxasiaTebeli, adgili aqvs

egocentrizmsac.

egocnetrizms, rogorc socialur-

fsiqologiur movlenas, aqvs rogorc

dadebiTi, aseve uaryofiTi mxareebi.

erTi mxriv, igi xels uwyobs jgufis

mTlianobis identobisa da

specifikurobis SenarCunebas, magram,

meore mxriv, xSirad jgufTaSoris

urTierTobis barierad gvevlineba.

cnobilia, rom egocentrizmi da

misi negatiuri mxare gansakuTrebuli

simZafriT vlindeba e.w. mcire erebSi,

eTnikur umciresobebSi an eTnikur

migrantebSi. movlenas aZlierebs

socialuri faqtorebi, gansa-

kuTrebiT ki sxva jgufebTan

SedarebiT dabali socialuri

statusi an konfliqti.

Tumca, jgufebisa da maTi

wevrebis egocentrizmi SeiZleba

sxvadasxva siZlieriT iyos

gamovlenili, magram yvela

SemTxvevaSi igi SeiZleba

ganvixiloT, rogorc Teoriuli

kontiniumi ori ukiduresi polusiT.

igi gamoxatavs diferenciacias

urTierTmimarTebaSi.

jgufTaSorisi diferenciaciis

indikatorad gvevlineba polaruli

xatebi, rodesac konfliqturi

jgufebi sakuTar Tavs miaweren

mxolod pozitiur Tvisebebs, xolo

dapirispirebul jgufs ki – mxolod

uaryofiT Tvisebebs. cnobilia e.w.

sarkiseburi aRqmis fenomenic,

rodesac dapirispirebul jgufs

miewereba sakuTari jgufisTvis

miwerili dadebiTi Tvisebebis

sapirispiro uryofiTi Tvisebebi.

rac ufro Sorsaa jgufebis mier

gamoTqmuli poziciebi Tu

Sefasebebi centridan, miT ufro

Zlieria jgufebs Soris

dapirispireba da piriqiT, rac ufro

axlosaa jgufebis mier gamoTqmuli

poziciebi da Sefasebebikontiniumis

centridan, miT ufro naklebia

jgufTa Soris daZabuloba da,

Sesabamisad, metad misaRebia

erTmaneTi.

jgufTaSorisi diferenciaciis

ZiriTad meqanizmad miCneulia

stereotipizacia da atribuciuli

procesebi, romelTa Tanaxmadac

individis Tvisebebi, misi qceva da

miRwevebi axsnilia jgufuri

mikuTvnebulobis safuZvelze.

socialuri stereotipebi _ es

aris socialuri obieqtebis

gamartivebuli, sqematuri xatebi,

romlebic saerToa jgufis wevrTa

didi umravlesobisTvis. stereo-

tipebis aTviseba adreuli

bavSvobidan iwyeba da Cveulebriv,

maT safuZvels warmoadgens ara

uSualo gamocdileba, aramed e.w.

meoradi wyaroebi. sxva socialur

stereotipTa Soris adamianebs aqvT

eTnikuri stereotipebic – eTnikuri


23

jgufebis gamartivebuli xatebi.

iseve, rogorc sxva tipis socialur

stereotipebs, eTnikur stereo-

tipebsac axasiaTebT misi matarebeli

jgufis wevrebs Soris maRali

xarisxis gavrcelebuloba

(sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, Tanxmobis

maRali xarisxi). amdenad, eTnikuri

stereotipebis gamosavlenad metad

efeqturia e.w. `TvisebaTa miweris~

meTodis gamoyeneba, romelic

sakuTari an sxva eTnikuri

jgufebisTvis garkveuli Tvisebebis

miwerasa da maTi gavrcelebis

xarisxis SefasebaSi mdgomareobs.

mkvlevrebi gamoyofen stereo-

tipizaciis sam ZiriTad funqcias. es

aris fsiqologiuri, socialur-

fsiqologiuri da socialuri

funqciebi. fsiqologiuri funqciis

arsi fsiqikuri ekonomizmis

principSi mdgomareobs, rac

gulisxmobs minimaluri kognituri

danaxarjebiT maqsimaluri infor-

maciis gadamuSavebas socialuri

samyarosa da misi movlenebis Sesaxeb

da maTi Sinaarsis gaadvilebul

wvdomas.

stereotipebis socialur-

fsiqologiuri funqcia ki

jgufTaSoris diferenciaciaSi

mdgomareobs. igi vlindeba sakuTari

jgufis sasargeblod gakeTebuli

Sefasebebis saxiT da xels uwyobs

pozitiuri jgufuri identobis

SenarCunebas. swored amitom,

avtostereotipebi, Cveulebriv, ufro

pozitiuria, vidre – hetero-

stereotipebi. stereotipizaciis

socialur funqcias ki warmoadgens,

erTi mxriv, jgufebs Soris arsebuli

urTierTobebis da maTi mizezebis

axsna da, meore mxriv, arsebuli

jgufTaSorisi urTierTobebis

gamarTleba. orive maTgani emsaxureba

arsebuli urTierTobebis SenarCu-

nebas.

eTnikuri stereotipebis erT-

erT umniSvnelovanes Tvisebas

warmoadgens garkveuli Sinaarsis

matareblobasTan erTad maTi

emociur-SefasebiTi xasiaTi. sxvag-

varad rom vTqvaT, stereotipebSi da

maT Soris _ eTnikur stereotipebSic

_ erTiandeba kognituri da emociur-

SefasebiTi komponenti. emociur-

SefasebiTi komponenti damoki-

debulebis, mimRebloba-miuReblobis

xarisxs (rogoricaa simpaTia,

siZulvili, siyvaruli, mowoneba an

ubralod _ mimRebloba-miuRebloba)

gamoxatavs, xolo kognituri ki –

Sinaarss. aqedan gamomdinare,

garkveuli Sinaarsis mqone

stereotipis emociur-SefasebiTi

komponenti SesaZlebelia pozitiuri

an negatiuri muxtis matarebeli

iyos.

fiqsi gamoyofs siZulvilis

stereotips, romelic, Cveulebriv,

miewereba ùcxo~, `sxva~

dabalstatusian da arakompetentur

jgufebs, romlebic amavdroulad

fasdeba, rogorc `civi~ jgufi.

fiqsis azriT, sakuTari jgufis

mimarT, Cveulebriv, vlindeba

àRfrTovanebis~ stereotipi, romlis

mixedviTac am jgufs miewereba

kompetenturoba, maRali statusi da

`siTbo~. magram garda pozitiuri da

negatiuri stereotipebisa, arsebobs

aseve Surisa da paternalizmis e.w.

ambivalenturi stereotipebic. Suri

axasiaTebs urTierTobebs

maRalstatusian, kompetentur, magram

`civ~ jgufebTan. paternalizmi ki

urTierTobebs dabalstatusian,

arakompetentur, magram `Tbil~

jgufebTan.

amgvarad, pozitiurad damuxtuli

SeiZleba iyos ara mxolod

`sakuTari~ jgufis stereotipebi,

aramed im `sxva~ jgufebisac,

romlebic ar iwveven safrTxis

grZnobas, imis gamo, rom arsebobs


24

sakuTari ZaliT gamowveuli

usafrTxoebis SegrZneba. im jgufebis

mimarT ki, romelTaganac safrTxe

momdinareobs, SesaZlebelia gamov-

lindes erTdroulad Suri da

pativiscema.

eTnikuri stereotipebis meore

mniSvnelovan Tvisebad iTvleba

mdgradoba axali informaciisadmi.

eTnikuri informaciis stabiloba

dadasturebulia araerTi empiriuli

kvlevis safuZvelze. dadgenilia, rom

maTi cvlileba, Cveulebriv, nela da

TanmimdevrobiT mimdinareobs.

stereotipebisTvis damaxasiaTe-

belia agreTve maRali xarisxis

Tanxmoba, anu `socialuri

konsensusi~ _ stereotipis matarebel

jgufSi SexedulebaTa Tanxvedris

maRali xarisxi. stereotipis kidev

erTi Tvisebaa uzustoba.

stereotipebze zegavlenas axdenen

realuri eTnikuri urTierTobebi. am

urTierTobebis xasiaTi _ Tanam-

Sromloba Tu moqiSpeoba, dominireba

Tu damorCilileba, mniSvnelo-

vanwilad ganapirobebs eTnikuri

stereotipis ZiriTad maxasiaTeblebs:

Sinaarss, mimarTulebas, keTil-

ganwyobis xarisxs da sizustesac ki.

sxvadsxva eTnikuri jgufebis

urTierTobebSi arsebuli proble-

mebis erT-erTi mizezi isaa, rom maT

ar esmiT erTmaneTis qcevis mizezebi

da amitom akeTeben mcdar Sefasebebs.

mravalricxovani kvlevebis Sedegad,

romlebic Catarda rogorc

individualur, aseve jgufTaSorisi

urTierTobebis doneze, dadginda,

rom `sakuTari~ jgufis pozitiuri

da `sxva~ jgufis negatiuri qcevis

mizezad miiCneva Sinagani, pirovnuli

faqtorebi. xolo `sakuTari~ jgufis

negatiuri qcevebi da `sxvisi~ jgufis

pozitiuri qcevebi aixsneba garegani,

garemos faqtorebis zegavleniT.

aseTi atribuciebi, romelTa

saSualebiTac aixsneba agreTve

`sakuTari~ da `sxvisi~ jgufis

warmateba da warumatebloba

cnobilia eTnocentruli atribu-

ciebis saxeliT.

amgvarad, fsiqologiaSi dadge-

nilia (maiersi, 2000, stefanenko, 2004,

fsiqologia da kultura, 2003), rom

arsebobs `sakuTari~ da `sxva~

jgufis da misi wevrebis Sefasebisas

asimetria, romelic vlindeba

maTTvis rogorc konkretuli

Tvisebebis (pirovnuli

maxasiaTeblebis) miweris doneze,

aseve maTi pozitiuri Tu negatiuri

qcevis axsnis donezec. amasTan, rac

ufro Zlieria diferenciacia da

eTnikuri dapirispireba, miT ufro

Ddidia asimetria urTierTSefa-

sebisas.

walkis raionSi arsebuli

eTnikuri viTarebis gaTvaliswinebiT,

mniSvnelovania SesaZlo daZabulobis

im socialur-fsiqologiuri faq-

torebis Seswavla, romlebic

cnobierebis doneze vlindeba.

rogorc zemoT iyo aRniSnuli, esenia

eTnikuri stereotipebi, avto da

heterostereotipebi (maTi rogorc

SefasebiT-emociuri, aseve kognituri

nawili) da qcevis atribuciuli

meqanizmebi.

am mizniT Cven SevimuSaveT

specialuri anketa interviusaTvis.

dagegmili iyo naxevrad struq-

turirebuli intervius Catareba,

romelic moicavda CvenTvis sain-

tereso Temebs Sesabamisi kiTxvebis

blokebiT da, amavdroulad, iTva-

liswinebda interviurebis procesSi

aRmocenebul SesaZlo barierebs

enobrivi kompetenciisa da

ganaTlebis donis TvalsazrisiT.

intervius ZiriTadi Temebi iyo:

1. sxva jgufebis codna da

zogadi damokidebuleba maT

mimarT;

2. socialuri distanciebi

sxva jgufebTan;


25

3. stereotipebi sakuTari da

sxva jgufebis mimarT;

4. Sexedulebebi jgufebs

Soris Zalauflebisa da

socialuri statusis

gadanawilebis Sesaxeb.

5. sxvadasxva jgufebis mier

qarTuli enis mimarT

damokidebuleba.

kvlevis Sedegad gamoikveTa, rom

raionSi mosaxle jgufebi ar icnoben

an TiTqmis ar icnoben sxva jgufebis

wes-Cveulebebs da tradiciebs.

gansakuTrebiT es exeba aWarlebisa

da svanebis qvejgufebs. am

qvejgufebis Sesaxeb msjeloben

zedapiruli, formaluri niSnebisa an

erTxel nanaxi qcevis an momxdari

ambis STabeWdilebis zegavleniT.

socialuri distancia aq

tradiciulad mosaxle eTnikur

jgufebs Soris zomieria. semantikur

doneze igi vlindeba keTil-

mezoblobaSi, zomier pirovnul

urTierTobebSi, Wirsa da lxinSi

urTierTmxardaWeris SesaZleblo-

bebSi.

rac Seexeba urTierTobebs e.w.

axal da Zvel mosaxleebs Soris,

isini meti daZabulobiT xasiaTdeba.

didia socialuri distancia

somxebsa da aWarlebs Soris, aseve _

somxebsa da svanebs Soris. SeiZleba

iTqvas, rom Sefasebis skalaze am

jgufebs Soris socialuri

distancia maqsimaluri quliT

Sefasda da igi absolutur

miuReblobaSi vlindeba. am sakiTxze

gamonaTqvamebi aseTia: `garda

mosulebisa, Cven yvelasTan

vurTierTobT, Tu Wiri gvaqvs, an

lxini an ubralod saqme...~

ekomigrantebi (svanebi da aWarlebi)

kvlevaSi monawile somxebisTvis

sruliad miuRebelni aRmoCndnen.

miuRebloba gamovlinda maT mimarT

rogorc mezoblobis, aseve saqmiani

urTierTobebis da, miT umetes,

soflis saqmeebis gadawyvetaSi maTi

CarTulobis doneze. aSkaraa, rom

miuReblobis safuZvels undobloba

warmoadgens, romelic am jgu-

febisagan fsiqologiuri, socialuri

da fizikuri safrTxis gancdiTY

aris ganpirobebuli. `svanebi ar

momwons, Zalian cudad iqceodnen.

ambobdnen, es Cveni miwaa da Tqven

wadiT, Cxubic iyo, kacic mokles.

aWarlebi Turqebi arian. eg ra

qarTvelebia, marto ena aqvT

qarTuli. Turqebi rom dagvesxnen,

egeni pirvelebi uRalateben saqar-

Tvelos. eg ra xalxia. berZnebis

saxlebSi ZaliT Sedian da xatebs

wvaven, saxlidan agdeben. maTTan ra

saerTo gvaqvs...~ – ase axasiaTebs

erT-erTi somexi svanebsa da

aWarlebs.

msgavsi suraTi gamovlinda

berZnebis mxridan aWarlebisadmi da

svanebisadmi damokidebulebaSi.

svanebis stereotipi ukavSirdeba

sizarmaces, arakeTilsindiserebas,

safrTxes. ai ras ambobs berZeni qali

iq mosaxle svanebze: àq saxlebi

aris da eseni ise Semodian, arc

muSaoba undaT, arc araferi. raT

minda eseTi xalxi Cem sofelSi?! Tu

arc qurdoba icis, kide ho,

daveTanxmebi... ki arian qristianebi,

cota rom arian, araferia, magram

bevri erTad ukve cudi gaxdebian

CvenTvis. ise TiTo-TiTos ara uWirs.

svanebma iq mokles, aq mokles, Cveni

adgilobrivi...~. respondenti aWar-

lebsac axasiaTebs da maT mimarT

kidev ufro met miuReblobas avlens:

ài, aWarlebi ar SemouSvi, me

skolaSi vmuSaobdi da aba, es

musulmanebi rad minda? magaT

azerbaijanlebiviT musulmanuri

`vera~ aqvT. Cven unda Tqveni eklesia

meCeTad gadavakeToTo, ase Tqves

aWarlebmao – bavSvebma miTxres. Cveni

sasaflao im eklesiis ezoSia da aba

rogor SeiZleba es!~.


26

religiur niadagze aRmo-

cenebul miuReblobaze metyvelebs

sxva berZeni respondentis sityvebic:

àWarlebma Seuracyves Cveni

siwmindeebi... Sevidnen Cvens saxlebSi

(igulisxmeba mitovebuli saxlebi)

gadmoyares Cveni xatebi da

`nadrugalis~.

masalidan Cans, rom somxebisa da

berZnebis didi nawilisTvis e.w.

ekomigrantebi aRiqmebian, rogorc

safrTxis Semcveli jgufebi,

romlebic moicaven rogorc fizikur,

aseve materialur da religiur

safrTxesac. Tumca, socialuri

distancia da miuRebloba aWarlis

mimarT gacilebiT ufro didia,

vidre – svanis mimarT. am daskvnas

kidev ufro amyarebs berZeni

respondentis Semdegi sityvebi:

`Camosulebi rom arian, unda

moridebuli iyvnen, mosuli unda

iyos wynari. icodes, rom Camosulia.

ra, me rom wavide svaneTSi, miwas,

nakveTs momcemen?! arc iq da arc

aRsarvarSi (soflis saxeli) ar

momcemen. iq meCeTi aiSenes. im meCeTSi

adgilobrivi azerbaijanlebi ar

dadian, ar Sedian da aWarlebi ki

dadian, sxva tipis xalxia egeni.~ sxva

berZeni respondenti Semdegi

sityvebiT gamoxatavs Tavis

damokidebulebas: `svanebs da

aWarlebs me ubralod qarTul enaze

molaparaked vTvli, Torem ise egeni

ar mimaCnia qarTvelebad, Tumca me

mainc svanebi ufro meaxloeba, erTi

rwmena gvaqvs.~

aq mosaxle somxebisTvis aseve

miuRebelia e.w. ekomigrantebis

(aWarlebis da svanebis) monawileoba

soflis saWirboroto sakiTxebis

gadawyvetaSi da, saerTod, soflisa

da raionis marTvaSi.

savele kvlevebi cxadyofs, rom

sakvlev jgufebSi Camoyalibebulia

mkveTrad diferencirebuli eTnikuri

stereotipebi. amasTan, sakuTari

jgufis stereotipebSi ufro metad

kognituri nawili gamodis wina

planze, xolo sxva jgufebis

stereotipebSi ki wamyvania emociur-

SefasebiTi nawili. es gansakuTrebiT

kargad Cans svanebisa da aWarlebis

heterostereotipebSi. sainteresoa

isic, rom am etapze yvelaze misaRebi

jgufi somxebisTvis berZnebi arian.

es vlindeba maT mimarT maRali

ndobis xarisxis gamovlenaSi

rogorc ubralo adamianuri

urTierTobebis, aseve fizikuri da

ekonomikuri usafrTxoebis gancdis

donezec (safrTxis momcveli ar

aris arc ekonomikurad da arc

religiurad).

ganxorcielebuli kvlevis mona-

cemTa analizma gamoavlina regionSi

arsebuli jgufTaSorisi (somexi,

azerbaijaneli, berZeni, aWareli,

svani) urTierTobebis specifika da

maTi fsiqologiuri safuZvlis

ganmsazRvreli meqanizmi. aRsaniS-

navia, rom regionSi gamovlenil

jgufTaSoris damokidebulebebsa da

ganwyobebs mravalmxrivi da

mravalSriani motivaciuri faqtorebi

ganapirobebs.

iseve, rogorc sxva polieTnikur

da multireligiur sazogadoebaSi,

aqac, eTnikur jgufebs Soris

daZabulobis erT-erT umTavres

faqtorad religia warmoCindeba.

eTnikur jgufTa fsiqologiur

urTierTmiuReblobis xarisxsa da

socialur distancias mniSvne-

lovanwilad ganapirobebs maTi

gansxvavebuli da xSir SemTxvevaSi

urTierTgamomricxavi msoflmxedvis

sistemebi, romlebic Rirebulebebis,

cxovrebis wesis, stereotipebisa da

socialuri normebis doneze

vlindeba da yoveldRiur

urTierTobebSi ganxorcielebuli

qcevis safuZvelze mtkicdeba. esenia

gansxvavebuli dakrZalvis wesi,

Sromis ganawileba ojaxsa da


27

sazogadoebaSi, Sexedulebebi qalisa

da mamakacis rolze da funqciaze,

qorwinebis asakisadmi

damokidebuleba, gansxvavebuli

Sexedulebebi gogonebisa da biWebis

ganaTlebaze da a.S.

amavdroulad, am regionSi

mcxovrebi jgufebis motivaciur

sistemebSi metad mniSvnelovan

adgils ikavebs pirveladi e.w.

sabaziso donis, sasicocxlo

mniSvnelobis mqone motivebi,

romlebic gadarCenisa da gamokvebis

moTxovnilebebs ukavSirdeba. samwu-

xarod, miwis simciris gamo

ekomigraciebis Sedegad gadmosax-

lebul mosaxleobaSi (aWarlebi,

svanebi) am moTxovnilebaTa dakma-

yofileba ver (an didi Zalisxmevis

Sedegad) xerxdeba. amdenad, es

ukanaskneli maTi qcevis wamyvan

motivatorad gvevlineba. rogorc

kvlevis Sedegad miRebuli monacemebi

gviiCvenebs, miwis damuSaveba, da

misgan miRebuli mosavali Tu

Semosavali regionis mcxovrebTa

vitaluri, sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis

moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebis

faqtiurad erTaderTi saSualebaa.

Tumca, mosaxleobis didi nawi-

lisaTvis, gansakuTrebiT ki ekomig-

ranti svanebisa da aWarlebisaTvis,

miwa naklebadaa xelmisawvdomi.

ekomigrantebSi pirveladi, sasicocx-

lo mniSvnelobis moTxovnilebebis

daukmayofilebloba regionSi sazo-

gadoebis socialuri urTierTobebis

sistemis funqcionirebaze uaryofi-

Tad aisaxeba da jgufTaSorisi

daZabulobis erT-erTi realuri

wyaroa.

ekomigrantebSi dabalia TviT-

Sefasebis donec, romelsac

socialuri usamarTlobisa da sxva

eTnikur jgufebTan mimarTebiT

araTanasworuflebianobis gancda

ganapirobebs.

regionSi mcxovreb jfufTaSoris

socialur distancias mniSvnelo-

vanwilad ganapirobebs yvela

jgufisTvis saerTo sakomunikacio

enis faqtobrivi ararsebobac.

gamokvleva gviCvenebs, rom

mosaxleobis didi nawili mxolod

sakuTar enas flobs da, amdenad, maT

Soris komunikacia metad

gaZnelebulia. Tumca qarTuli ena

saxelmwifo enaa, magram am regionSi

mas mxolod formaluri statusi

aqvs da igi ver asrulebs saerTo

sakomunikacio enis funqcias. zemoT

aRwerili eTnofsiqologiuri

faqtorebis zegavleniT, qarTuli

enis aTvisebis araformaluri,

bunebrivi garemos gamoyeneba ver

xerxdeba. Tumca araqarTulenovani

bavSvebi da mozardebi swavloben

qarTuls, rogorc meore enas

skolaSi, magram misi realizaciis

garemos ararsebobis gamo, maTi

codna metad mwiri da formaluria.

amgvarad, walkis raionSi arsebuli

socialur-fsiqologiuri klimati

saxelmwifo enis aTvisebis EerT-erT

mniSvnelovan barierad gvevlineba.

rogorc cnobilia (hekhauzeni,

1986, egeni, kauCaki, 2007), adamianis

normaluri fsiqologiuri funqcio-

nirebisa da TviTrealizaciisaTvis

aucilebelia misTvis damaxasiaTe-

bel motivTa ierarqiuli sistemis

Tanmimdevruli realizeba. Tumca

arsebobs gansxvavebuli mosazrebebi

da empiriuli monacemebi

mniSvnelovan motivTa Tvisobriobis

Sesaxeb, magram udavoa, rom motivTa

ierarqiaSi pirveladi da sabazisoa

vitaluri moTxovnilebebi, xolo

meoradia socialuri, pirovnebis

individualur socialur gamovle-

nasa da realizaciasTan dakav-

Sirebuli moTxovnilebebi. gamokv-

levis monacemebis analizis Sedegad

ki irkveva, rom sakvlevi regionis

mosaxleobaSi (gansakuTrebiT ki


28

ekomigrantebSi) ver xerxdeba

rogorc qveda, sabaziso, aseve

saSualo da SedarebiT maRali donis

motivTa amoqmedeba. amdanad

motivaciuri sistemis realizeba ver

xerxdeba ierarqiis TiTqmis vercerT

doneze. ararealizebuli moti-

vaciuri sistemebis zegavlena

aisaxeba jgufTaSoris urTierTobaze

da qcevis doneze vlindeba iseT

fsiqologiur maxasiaTeblebSi,

rogoricaa socialuri distancireba,

fsiqologiur doneze urTierT-

mimReblobisa da tolerantobis

dabali done da uaryofiTi

valentobis ganwyobebi.

amgvarad, regionSi arsebuli

mosaxleobis jgufTaSorisi

urTierTobebi metad specifikuria.

isini ganpirobebulia mravalSriani

fsiqologiuri meqanizmiT, romelSic

resursebisa da Zalauflebis ara-

Tanabari ganawilebiT, aRmsareb-

lobiT, eTnikurobiT da sako-

munikacio enis uqnlobiT ganpi-

robebuli socialuri distanciebisa

da uaryofiTi valentobis ganw-

yobebis fonze wamyvania sasicocxlo

moTxovnilebaTa dakmayofilebisken

swrafva da misi dakmayofilebis

garTulebuli SesaZleblobebiT ga-

mowveuli uaryofiTi gancdebi.

amgvari fsiqologiuri klimati,

cxadia, xels uSlis regionis

sazogadoebis integracias da

aferxebs samoqalaqo sazogadoebis

Camoyalibebasa da ganviTarebas.

literatura

gasi, selinkeri, 2001 – S.M. Gass, L. Selinker, Second Language Acqisition, "LEA", 2000, New Jersey, London, 2001, 329-270 egeni, kauCaki, 2007 – P. Eggen, D Kauchak, Educational Psychology, "Pearson", 2007, 296-333 vukfolki, 2007 – A. Woolfolk, Educational Psychology, "Pearson", 2007, 161-188 maiersi, 2000 - Д. Майерс, Социальная Психология, "Питер", 2000, 247-253 stefanenko, 2004 - Г.Т. Стефаненко, Этнопсихология, "Аспект Пресс", М., 2004, 272-305 fsiqologia da kultura, 2003 - Психология и Культура, под ред. Д. Мацумото,

"Питер",2003, 575-656 hekhauzeni, 1986 - Хайнц Хекхаузен, Мотивация и Деятельность, т 1, "Педагогика", М., 1986, 112-116


29

Mzia Tsereteli Psychological characteristics of ethnic group relations in Tsalka region

The article is based on the materials of the research conducted in this region by Rustaveli Foundation

(project "ethnic security aspects in polytechnic society")

ABSTRACT The presented article describes psycho-social and cultural climate characteristics of the population of Tsalka region, as well as ethnic group relation specifics and their influence on the official language acquisition. Research is conducted by the interview method. The results revealed some main factors that interfere with the process of social integration of ethnic groups. One of the most important among those factors is the absence of common communicative language: Georgian language is the official language only formally, since the considerable amount of inhabitants speaks only their mother tongue. The given psycho-social climate is an obstacle for learning Georgian language.


30

ligita grigule

latviis universiteti OSCE/HCNM multilingvuri ganaTlebis eqsperti

saqarTvelos umciresobaTa ganaTlebis reforma:

adgilobrivi iniciativebidan saxelmwifos mier dagegmil

umciresobaTa ganaTlebis reformamde

abstraqti

2004 wlidan ramdenime adgilobrivi da saerTaSoriso organizacia muSaobda enis politikasa da multilingvur ganaTlebaze saqarTveloSi. maTi aqtivobebis Sedegebi da adgilobrivi iniciativebis gamocdileba amtkicebs, rom bilingurma modelebma warmatebiT imuSava saqarTvelos zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebSi. ase rom, rekomendebulia multilingvuri ganaTlebis danergva, rogorc saxelmwifo enis aTvisebisa da samoqalaqo integraciis efeqturi modelisa. 2008 wels euTos erovnuli umciresobebis umaRlesi komisris finansuri mxardaWeriT SemuSavda politikis dokumenti èrovnuli umciresobebis integracia multilingvuri ganaTlebis gziT~ da 2009-2014 wlebSi misi danargvis gegma. am gegmis mixedviT, saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrom daiwyo multilingvuri swavlebis mxardaWeris programa. SemuSavda multilingvuri ganaTlebis ramdenime modeli da asarCevad da dasanergad waredgina skolebs. statiis mizania, warmoadginos multilingvuri ganaTlebis programebi, ganixilos danergvis sawyis etapze arsebuli problemebi da wamoWras diskusia saqarTveloSi multilingvuri ganaTlebis reformis mxardaWeris potencialze ganaTlebis specialistTa aqtiuri CarTulobiT.

winasityvaoba bilingvuri ganaTleba aris

,,Zalzed komleqsuri movlenis

uaRresad martivi daxasiaTeba~,

ambobs kolin beikeri, romelic aris

cnobili mkvlevari bilingvizmisa da

multilingvizmis kuTxiT. CCIIR-is xangrZlivi Sromis Sedegad kolin

beikeris wigni Targmnilia da

xelmisawvdomia ukve qarTul enaze. nebismierma saganmanaTleblo

dawesebulebam, romelic iwyebs

multilingvur ganaTlebas, unda

miiRos gadawyvetileba

saganmanaTleblo programis

SerCevasTan da ganviTarebasTan


31

dakavSirebiT da agreTve unda

gadaWras is praqtikuli sakiTxebi,

romlebic SerCeuli programis

farglebSi iqneba wamoWrili.

multilingvuri ganaTlebis

programa warmoadgens gafarToebul

kurikulums, romelSic aRwerilia

or an zogjer sam enaze swavlebis

procedura, agreTve mTlianad

sistema (swavlebis Sinaarsi,

swavlebis meTodebi da a.S.),

romlebic gamoiyeneba ZiriTadi

miznis misaRwevad.


ganxorcieleba da misi dagegmva

dafuZnebulia erTiani

gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze

miRebul da SeTanxmebul miznebze,

romlebic mimarTulia enis

aTvisebisaken da swavlebis dros

enebis gancalkevebisaken. bilingvuri ganaTlebis

miznebidan gamomdinare, bilingvizmze

Catarebul kvlevebSi warmodgenelia

kategorizacia, romelic bilingvur

ganaTlebas hyofs tranzitul da

SemnarCunebel bilingvur

programebad. tranzituli

bilingvuri ganaTleba miznad

isaxavs, rom bavSvi mSobliuri enidan

gadaiyvanos dominanturi

umravlesobis enaze. SemnarCunebeli. bilingvuri ganaTleba xels uwyobs

bavSvis mSobliuri enis

srulyofilad ganviTarebas da

agreTve bavSvis mier Tavisi

kulturuli identobis

gacnobierebas. gansxvavebaa agreTve

statikuri SemnarCunebeli

bilingvuri programis da

ganmaviTarebeli SemnarCunebeli

bilingvuri programis miznebs Soris.

statikuri SemnarCunebeli

bilingvuri ganaTlebis mizania,

SeinarCunos moswavlis mSobliur

enaSi kompetencia im doneze, ra

doniTac moswavle Sevida skolaSi.

ganmaviTarebeli SemnarCunebeli

bilingvuri ganaTlebis mizania

moswavlis mSobliuri enis flobis

srulyofilad ganviTareba da

moswavlis ormagi wignierebis

uzrunvelyofa. am process uwodeben

gamamdidrebel an ganmaviTarebel

bilingvur ganaTlebas umciresobaTa

moswavleebTan mimarTebiT. gadawyvetileba bilingvuri

programis tipis arCevasTan

dakavSirebiT unda emyarebodes

socialur da socio-kulturul

gagebas, agreTve bilingvalizmis

kognitur da ganmaviTarebel

procesebs, da Teoriebs meore enis

aTvisebasTan dakavSirebiT. sazogadod, bilingvuri

ganaTlebis miznebi yvela qveyanaSi

dgindeba ganaTlebis saministros

mier, romelic Seesabameba qveyanaSi

moqmed saganmanaTlbelo da enobriv

politikas. xSirad, sazogadoebis

sxvadasxva moTxovnebis safuZvelze,

bilingvuri ganaTlebis miznebis

misaRwevad xdeba ramodenime

programisa da didaqtikuri gzis

SemoTavazeba da ganviTareba. 1970-iani

wlebis mkvlevarebma klasificireba

gaukeTes bilingvuri swavlebis 90

gansxvavebul models/nimuSs. bilingvuri swavlebis

modelebi warmoadgens ZiriTadi

ideuri cnebebis krebuls, romelic

axasiTebs gansxvavebul midgomebs enis gamoyenebis, dagegmvisa da

analizis dros _ rogor da rodis

unda moxdes enebis gancalkeveba da

maTi integrireba bilingvur klasSi.

ori an ramdenime enis strategiuli

gamoyenebis dagegmva kurikulumis

farglebSi warmoadgens

multilingvuri meTodologiis

ZiriTad funqcias. saklaso oTaxSi da

kurikulumis farglebSi ori enis

ganawileba, ori enis Semofargvla da


32

TvalsaCino sazRvrebis dadgena

xSirad aris xolme

sociolingvistebis, bavSvTa

ganviTarebis specialistebis da

ganaTlebis eqspertebis gansjis

sagani.

bilingvur saklaso oTaxSi

enebis gancalkevebisa da zogjer

maTi integrirebisaTvis arsebobs

sxvadasxva mizezi. Tu bilingvuri

ganaTlebis mizani aris enobrivi

ganviTarebis miReba umravlesobis

enaze (mag: tranzituli bilingvuri

ganaTleba), maSin enebis integrireba

gamiznuli iqneba maTi saboloo

gancalkevebisaTvis. Tu bilingvuri

ganaTleba iswrafvis umciresobis

enis SenarCunebisa da

ganviTarebisaken, aseT SemTxvevaSi

enebis gancalkeveba mniSvnelovania.

saklaso aqtivobebSi TvalsaCino

dro da sivrce unda iyos

gamoyofili umciresobis enisaTvis.

saWiroa ganvsazRvroT mkafio

sazRvrebi umciresobis enisa da

umravlesobis enis gancalkevebiT

gamoyenebas Soris. sazRvrebisa da

gancalkevebis gareSe SeiZleba

umravlesobis enis gamoyeneba

gaizardos umciresobis enis xarjze,

xolo meore SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba

moxdes ise, rom saswavlo procesis

ZiriTadi nawili warimarTos

umciresobis enaze da umravlesobis

enam mxolod formaluri mxare

SeinarCunos.

beikers (1996) kargad aqvs

aRwerili is ganzomilebebi,

romlebSic SesaZlebelia enebis

gancalkeveba: enebis gancalkeveba

SeiZleba ganxorcieldes sagnis,

personis, drois, adgilis, saSualo

(gardamavali) aqtivobis,

kurikulumis masalebis da

moswavleebis daxmarebiT. xSiri

gadarTva or an met enas Soris

bilingvur saklaso oTaxSi

Cveulebrivi movlenaa. arsebobs imis

tendencia, rom bilingvur saklaso

oTaxSi ori enis paralelur

gamoyenebas regularuli, praqtikuli

saxe mieces, magram ara rogorc

winaswar dagegmili swavlisa da

swavlebis strategiis formiT.

zogadad Sinaarsis replikacia da

dublireba sazianoa bilingvuri

klasis meTodologiaSi. mkvlevrebis mtkicebiT, mniSv-

nelovania, rom kurikulumSi moxdes

TiToeuli enisaTvis drois

gadanawileba. enebs Soris saWiroa

garkveuli balansis arseboba(mag:

50%/50%; an 75%/25%), xolo programis

xangrZlivoba, umravles SemTxvevaSi, Seadgens 4-6 wels, magram droze

ufro mniSvnelovania mizani, qmedeba

da meTodi, romlis farglebSic

xdeba ori enis gamoyeneba. ideis

Rirebuleba isaa, rom skola da

pedagogebi gegmaven ori enis

strategiul gamoyenebas,

gaazrebulad fiqroben ori enis

gamoyenebaze kurikulumisa da

saklaso oTaxis farglebSi, agreTve

xdeba procesebis asaxva da

mimoxilva da agreTve studentebis

SemecnebiTi stimulireba. akreditaciisa da monitoringis

dros mniSvnelovani yuradReba unda

daeTmos enebis gancalkevebas da

ganlagebas. Cven vfiqrobT, rom programis

ganmaxorcieleblebs surT, rom

ixilon droisa da resursebis

efeqturi gamoyeneba, miznebis

naTlad warmoCena da DaRniSnul

modelTan dakavSirebuli amocanebis

progresireba.


33


programebis ganviTareba dRemde:

problemebi da perspeqtivebi

2010 wlis 20 agvistos saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da

mecnierebis saministros mier

damtkicda multilingvuri

ganaTlebis programis debuleba. es

aris wingadadgmuli nabiji, romelic

mimarTulia umciresobaTa

ganaTlebis xarisxiani da mdgradi

ganviTarebisaken. programaSi

aRwerilia saqarTvelosaTvis

misaRebi multilingvuri ganaTlebis

tipebi. skolebma SeimuSaves

sakuTari programebi, romlebic

gaitanes dasamtkiceblad. aRniSnul

programebSi kargad Cans


mniSvnelobis sakmaod maRali

gaazreba da misi miRebis survili.

saqarTvelosTvis multilingvuri

ganaTlebis programebis damtkiceba

da formulireba ar yofila

EerTdRiani movlena, aramed es

aris im mniSvnelovani saqmianobis

Sedegi, romelsac 6-8 wlis

ganmavlobaSi axorcielebdnen

adgilobrivi da saerTaSoriso

eqspertebi da organizaciebi. sxva postsabWouri qveynebis

msgavsad, procesi daiwyo ramdenime

midgomis SemuSavebiT, romlebic

saxelmwifo enis aTvisebisken iyo

mimarTuli; aseve, SemuSavda masalebi

da qarTulis, rogorc meore enis

maswavlebelTaTvis Catarda

treningebi. es procesi gagrZelda

enobrivi mdgomareobis gaanalizebiT,

aseve umciresobaTa ganaTlebis

sxvadasxva modelis pilotirebiT da

enobrivi politikis formulirebiT.

bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi gan-

xorcielda multilingvuri

ganaTlebis gansxvavebuli tipebis

gamocda, pilotireba da

saqarTvelos mdgomareobisaTvis

morgeba. modiT, SevexoT


programas (ganxorcielda

Sveicaruli arasamTavrobo

organizacia ,,CIMERA''-s mier da

OSCE/HCNM-is finansuri

mxardaWeriT), romelic

mimdinareobda ori saswavlo wlis

ganmavlobaSi (2006-2008) qvemo

qarTlisa da samcxe-javaxeTis 12

skolaSi. skolebs gaacnes


sxvadasxva modeli;. garda amisa,

marneulis raionis resurs-centrisa

da fond ,,Ria sazogadoeba

saqarTvelos~'' mxardaWeriT,

maswavlebelTa jgufma lia TuSuris

xelmZRvanelobiT gamoiCines

iniciativa da gamoscades

tranzituli da SemnarCunebeli midgomebi; submersiuli midgoma

ganxorcielda or sofelSi:

Tazaqendisa da pirveli qesalos

skolebSi. am SemTxvevaSi iyo imis

mcdeloba, rom azerbaijaneli

moswavleebi CarTuliyvnen

qarTulenovan klasebSi, raTa maT

qarTuli enis Seswavla daewyoT

qarTul garemocvaSi. sainteresoa,

rom dualuri bilingvuri

ganaTlebis organizeba

ganxorcielda q. Tbilisis 41-e

saSualo skolaSi. aRniSnuli

modelis Tanaxmad, saswavlo

procesis naxevari mimdinareobs

ukrainul enaze, xolo meore

naxevari _ qarTul enaze. zogierT

skolas aqvs gamocdileba, rom

sagnebi aswavlos meore enaze, rac

gamowveulia mSobliur enaze

mosaubre maswavleblebis simciriT.

2009 wlis ivlisSi

saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da

mecnierebis saministros mier

multilingvuri programis

xelSewyobis mizniT, Catarda

gamokiTxva araqarTulenovani

skolebis direqtorTaTvis multi-


34

lingvuri ganaTlebis sapilote

proeqtis farglebSi. aRniSnuli

gamokiTxvis mizani iyo, gamoekveTa

skolebis interesi da motivacia, Tu

ramdenad iyvnen mzad multilingvuri

ganaTlebis proeqtis

gansaxorcieleblad. skolis

direqtorebs miecaT saSualeba, rom

gascnobodnen bilingvuri ganaTlebis

8 programas, romlebic dafuZnebuli

iyo qarTul Sinaarssa da

gamocdilebaze; agreTve maT unda

aReniSnaT, Tu romeli maTgani iyo

relevanturi specifikur saskolo

garemosTan mimarTebiT, arsebuli

resursebis, mSobelTa molodinebisa

da moswavleTa maxasiaTeblebis

TvalsazrisiT. skolebis (N = 263) pasuxebidan

gamoikveTa, rom yvelaze popularuli

aris (1) programa, sadac unarebisa da wignierebis ganviTareba mSob-

liur enasa da saxelmwifo enaze

Tanabaria. mSobliuri enidan

saxelmwifo enaze gadasayvanad

gamiznuli programa (4) meore

poziciaze aRmoCnda. momdevno

mniSvnelovani nabiji programis

ganviTarebisTvis iyo konferencia

,,multilingvuri ganaTleba

saqarTveloSi~, romelic gaimarTa

MoES-is organizebiT 2009 wlis 27

noembers. konferencia mieZRvna

dagrovili gamocdilebis gaziarebas,

gamokiTxvebis Sedegebis analizs,

TanamSromlobis gaRrmavebas

adgilobriv da saerTaSoriso

specialistebs Soris. programa iyo

winaswar momzadebuli. konferenciis

farglebSi moxda wardgena

ganxorcielebuli proeqtis

pirveladi Sedegebisa da moxda

erTgvarad maTi Sefaseba.

programebi saqarTvelosTvis

1. ganmaviTarebeli multilingvu-

ri ganaTlebis programa - erovnuli

saswavlo gegmiT gansazRvruli

sagnebisa da saganTa jgufebis

swavleba mimdinareobs Tanabrad,

rogorc saxelmwifo, agreTve

mSobliur enaze (mag: 50%-50%) da

miiRweva Tanabrad maRali enobrivi

kompetencia rogorc saxelmwifo,

agreTve mSobliur enaSi.

2. tranzituli/gardamavali multi-

lingvuri ganaTlebis programa -

swavleba mimdinareobs rogorc

saxelmwifo, agreTve mSobliur

enaze, Tumca saxelmwifo enaze

saswavlo sagnebis Seswavla

TandaTanobiT matulobs da

etapobrivad xdeba saxelmwifo enaze

swavlebaze gadasvla.

3. mSobliuri enis mxardaWeris

multilingvuri ganaTlebis programa

(calmxrivi imersia) - erovnuli

saswavlo gegmiT gansazRvruli

sagnebisa da saganTa jgufebis

swavleba mimdinareobs saxelmwifo

enaze, mSobliuri ena iswavleba,

rogorc sagani maqsimaluri

saaTobrivi datvirTviT.

4. multilingvuri saganmanaTleblo

programebi saxelmwifo enis

SesanarCuneblad (calmxrivi imersia)

_ sagnebi da sagnobrivi jgufebi

iswavleba erovnuli saswavlo gegmis

mixedviT saxelmwofo eneze. aseve,

saxelmwifo ena iswavleba, rogorc

sagani (saaTobrivadac), ris gamoc

irRveva Tanafardoba saxelmwofo

enis gaZlierebuli swavlebiT.

5. Dormagi enobrivi imersiis

multilingvuri ganaTlebis programa

- erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT

gansazRvruli sagnebisa da saganTa

jgufebis swavleba mimdinareobs

Tanabrad, rogorc saxelmwifo,

agreTve ara saxelmwifo enaze.

moswavleTa kontigenti Tanabradaa


35

gadanawilebuli da warmoadgens

rogorc qarTulenovan, agreTve

araqarTulenovan moswavleebs.

6. Sereuli multilingvuri sagan-

manaTleblo programebi _ saswavlo

procesi iwyeba ZiriTadad meore

enaze (magaliTad, rusulze).

wignierebis sawyis etapamde

ganviTarebis Semdeg meore enaze,

saswavlo procesi warimarTeba

Semdegi principiT: 1) sagnebi

iswavleba mxolod saxelmwifo enaze

an 2) mSobliur da saxelmwifo enaze

Sereulad, romlis mizania rogorc

saxelmwifo, ise mSobliuri da

moswavleebisaTvis saWiro sxva enis

ganviTareba erTdroulad.

ixileT cxrili 1. saCvenebeli modelebis amsaxveli programis tipebi:

SeniSvna 1: nimuSebi

warmodgenilia programis miznebisa

da enis gancalkevebis sistemis

vizualuri CvenebisaTvis, romelic

efuZneba uxeS gaangariSebas,

daaxloebiT kviraSi 24 gakveTili

(erTi gakveTili _ 4%). es modelebi

aseve moicavs gakveTilebs

xelovnebaSi pirvel (mSobliur)

enaze (L1) da qarTuls, rogorc

meore enas. am SemTxvevaSi moswavles

mTeli saswavlo wlis ganmavlobaSi

Sexeba aqvs qarTul enasTan.

modelebi aris pirveladi saxis da

imedi gvaqvs, es modelebi iqneba

morgebuli saswavlo procesze,

ganisazRvreba ufro zustad

samomavlo gegmebi adgilobrivi

pedagogebis mier, rac daefuZneba

pilotirebis Sedegad miRebul

gamocdilebas.

SeniSvna 2: realur cxovrebaSi

bevrad ufro rTulia nebismieri

modelis ganxorcieleba, vidre es

SeiZleba aisaxos romelime modelSi.

(naxeT nimuSi 6.1-6.3). pirvel rigSi, es

exebaT skolebs, romlebSic

swavlebis ena aris rusuli. Cven

gvaqvs rusulenovani skolebis sul

mcire ori gansxvavebuli jgufi:

1) rusuli skolebi, romlebic

kompaqturad umciresobebiT

dasaxlebul regionebSia

ganTavsebuli. umetes SemTxvevaSi,

rusuli ar aris moswavleebisTvis

mSobliuri ena, Tumca swavleba

rusulad mimdinareobs. amitom

saskolo periodis sawyisi etapi

gamoiyeneba rusulis, rogorc

swavlebis enis dasaufleblad,

moswavleebs amis gamo ar aqvT

aranairi pirobebi saxelmwifo enis

swavlebisaTvis... qarTuls, rogorc

swavlebis enas, msgavsi tipis

skolebSi iyeneben mogvianebiT,

damamTavrebel safexurze. Aam dros

SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes programa,

romelic uzrunvelyofs

moswavleebis pirveli enis

SenarCunebas adreul, saSualo an

gviandel stadiaze.

2) rusulenovani skolebi, sadac

swavloben eTnikurad da

lingvisturad Sereuli moswavlebi,

multikulturul da multilingvur

garemoSi. Aam SemTxvevaSi qarTuli,

rogorc swavlebis ena, SeiZleba

gamoiyenebodes ufro adreul etapze,

aseve komunikaciisTvis _ imis

gaTvaliswinebiT, rom moswavleebi

ukve floben sakomunikacio

unarebisTvis sakmaris sabaziso

qarTuls.

SeniSvna 3. Tbilisis zogierTi

skolis direqtors gansazRvruli

aqvs gardamavali saskolo programa.

Tumca es araa damokidebuli

programis tipebis Tavdapirvel

saerTo maxasiaTebelze, rac

moiTxovs ZiriTadi miznis

ganxorcielebas, anu TandaTanobiT

gadasvlas saxelmwifo enaze. is


36

miuTiTebs, ramdenad aris mzaoba

skolis mxridan multilingvuri

ganaTlebisaTvis da ramdenad iCens

skola iniciativas, CaerTos

kompleqsurad mimdinare reformaSi.

2010 wlis ivnisSi regionaluri

seminarebis ,,multilingvuri

ganaTlebis mxardaWeris programa~

msvlelobisas, monawileebma

(sapilote skolebis

administratorebi, maswavleblebi,

skolis gamgeobis wevrebi da

sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebi)

gaiares treningi saskolo

programebze da saaplikacio

formebis SevsebaSi. skolis gundi

gadamzadda, SeiZines unarebi, rogor

moaxdinon formulireba da

Camoayalibon programis mTavari

miznebi. rac Seexeba specialuri

saganmanaTleblo programis miznebs,

skolis saerTo misiisaTvis,

mniSvnelovania, rom skolis gundi

iyos orientirebuli dasaxuli

amocanebis gansaxorcieleblad.

programis miznebi dakavSirebulia


ganxorcielebis ZiriTad aspeqtebTan:

saganmanaTleblo garemo, saswavlo

meTodika, moswavleebis enobrivi

unarebi, akademiuri codnis Sefaseba,


menejmenti da Sefaseba, mSoblebisa

da sazogadoebis CarTuloba.

yvela Tanxmdeba, rom miznebis

formulireba, amocanebis da

Sesabamisi RonisZiebebis gatareba

aris rTuli amocana. igive SeiZleba

iTqvas mosalodneli Sedegebis

prognozirebasTan dakavSirebiT.

erTi mxriv, Cven vmuSaobT iseti

davalebebis danergvaze, romlebic

gazomvadia; meore mxriv _ ganaTleba

ar aris warmoebis saqoneli. Cven ver ganvsazRvravT maswavleblis

konkretuli mimarTulebiT muSaoba

(mag: TvalsaConoebis gamoyeneba)

gazrdis Tu ara 15 %_iT Sedegs,

magram Cven SegviZlia vcadoT,

aisaxos is skolis Sesabamis

programaze, rogoricaa: a.

maswavlebelis mier aTvisebuli

interaqtiuli swavlebis

meTodebi, romelTac iyenebs is

kviraSi erTxel. b. skola awyobs e. w.

òri mSoblis dRes~ (two parents’ days) dRes orjer saswavlo wlis

ganmavlobaSi.

forma rom iyos TvalisTvis

aRsaqmeli da gasagebi, aplikants

sTxoven Seavsos da gaxazos

Sesabamisi mizani da programis tipi.

skola aseve aris motivirebuli,

ifiqros da dasaxos programebis

sworad ganxorcielebis gzebi

(maswavleblis mier): sagani, Tema,

dro, sagakveTilo saaTebi, adgili,

saqmianobis areali, kurikulumi

(saswavlo gegma), funqciebi,

studentebi).

skolebs moeTxovebaT

uzrunvelyon multilingvuri

ganaTlebis SerCeuli modeli da,

aseve, ganaxorcielon dasaxuli

gegma, sul mcire, ori saswavlo

wlis manZilze.Ees moTxovna asaxavs

pilotirebis specifikas. am drois

ganmavlobaSi skolam SeiZleba

daiwyos multilingvuri ganaTlebis

ganxorcieleba nawilobriv, ramdenime

klasSi, rac damokidebulia arsebul

resursebze. Tumca, skolam umjobesia

warmoaCinos ,,didi suraTi~, rogor

apirebs samomavlo saqmianobas.

aucilebelia bavSvis kognituri

ganviTarebis principebis

gaTvaliswineba da miznad isaxavs

umciresobebis ganaTlebis saerTo

donis amaRlebas.


37

III. multilingvuri ganaTlebis

programis ganxorcielebis gegma:

1. enebis ganawileba (SeavseT

da xazi gausviT Tqveni skolisaTvis

Sesabamis mizans da SerCeul

programas/models);

skolis multilingvuri

ganaTlebis programa iTvaliswinebs

klasSi swavlebisaTvis ori (an meti)

enis gamoyenebas da saganmanaTleblo

masalis aTvisebas somxur /

azerbaijanul da qarTul enebze.

enebis amgvari ganawileba efuZneba

programis lingvistur miznebs:

erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT

gansazRvruli sagnebisa da saganTa

jgufebis swavleba mimdinareobs

saxelmwifo enaze, mSobliuri ena

iswavleba, rogorc sagani

maqsimaluri saaTobrivi datvirTviT

(mSobliuri enis mxardaWeris


programa).

s.s.i.p. didi konduris saSualo skola

Mmomavali perspeqtivebi

ukanaskneli kvlevebi aCvenebs

skolis mmarTvelobis unarianobis

ganviTarebas bolo periodSi, rac

skolis centralizaciisa da

sistemis gaumjobesebis Sedegia.

Ggarda amisa, mniSvnelovania

tradiciuli forma - treningebi, rac

rekomendebulia, raTa gamdidrdes

kadrebi informaciis sxvadasxva

saSualebebiT, aqcenti gakeTebulia

gundur muSaobasa da maswavleblebis

profesiul ganviTarebaze.

pedagogiuri saswavlo

jgufis Seqmna maswavleblis

muSaobisTvis imave klasis

safexurisTvis;

mentorebisa da konsultan-

tebis momzadeba multiling-

vuri swavlebisTvis; mimagreba gamocdili


maswavleblisa, rogorc

trenerisa, e. w. `saxlis

eqspertad~; skolis administraciis

gadamzadeba, Tu rogor

gaarTvan Tavi multilingvuri

skolis marTvas. treningi maTTvis, vinc

uSualod swavlebis procesSi

araa CarTuli. araformaluri muSaoba enis

swavlebis kuTxiT;


38

muSaoba mSoblebTan, mSob-

lebis CarTuloba

multilingvuri swavlebis

xarisxis monitoringisTvis,

moswavleebis enobrivi donis

Semowmeba; gacvliTi programebi da

proeqtebi, (skolis

administracia, moswavleebi);

multilingvali maswavlebis

portfolios mudmivi ganax-

leba.

maswavleblis profesiuli unarebis

mudmivi ganviTareba da multi-

lingvuri swavlebis teqnologiebi

miCneulia momdevno mniSvnelovan

nabijad umciresobebis ganaTlebis

gasaumjobeseblad.

cxrili1: multilingvuri ganaTlebis programis modelebi.


39


40

literatura

baxmani, 2006 - Bachman, C. (Ed.) (2006). Language policies and education in multilingual societies. Conference Proceedings 7. CIMERA, Geneva.

beikeri, 2001 - Baker, C. (2001). Foundation of bilingual education and bilingualism. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

batelaani, 2002 - Batelaan, P. (2002). Bilingual education: The case of Latvia from a comparative perspective. Intercultural Education, 13(4), 359-374(16).

ganaTlebis kvlevis centri, 2002; 2008 - Center for Research on Education, Diversity & Excellence. (2002). Five standards. Retrieved May 15, 2008, from http://crede.berkeley.edu/standards/1jpa.shtml

multilingvizmi, 2008 - Commission of the European Communities. (2008) Multilingualism: An asset for Europe and a shared commitment. Communication from the commission to the European Parliament, the Council, The European Economic and Social committee and the committee of the Regions (18.09.2008). Brussels.

enobriv umciresobaTa evropuli qartia, 1992 - Council of Europe. (1992). European charter for regional or minority languages. Retrieved January 31, 2009, from http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/EN/Treaties/Html/148.htm


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erovnul umciresobaTa CarCo-konvencia, 1995 - Council of Europe. (1995). Council of Europe Framework convention for the protection of national minorities. Retrieved January 31, 2009, from http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/Treaties/Word/157.doc

kubani, 1998 - Cuban, L. (1998). How schools change reforms: Redefining reform success and failure. Teachers College Record, 99(3), 53-77.

kuminsi, 1996 - Cummins, J. (1996). Negotiating identities: Education for empowerment in a diverse society. CABE.

grigule, 2007 - Grigule, L., & Perrin, A. (2007). Multilanguage education in Georgia. Evaluation report. CIMERA, Geneva.

grigule, perini, 2008 - Grigule, L., & Perrin, A. (2008). Multilingual education in Georgia. Phase II. Final activity report. December 2007 – March 2008. CIMERA, Tbilisi/Geneva.

ganaTlebis strategia da samoqmedo gegma, 2008 - The Ministry of Education and Science of Georgia. (2007) Georgia: Consolidated Education Strategy and action Plan (2007 – 2011).

erovnul umciresobaTa integracia multilingvuri ganaTlebis gziT, 2008 - The Ministry of Education and Science of Georgia. (2008). National minorities integration through multilingual education. A Policy Paper.

Cven vswavlobT TamaSs, 2006 - We are learning by playing. 111 games for multilingual education. (2006). Cimera, OSCE/HCNM.


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Ligita Grigule University of Latvia OSCE/HCNM Multilingual Education expert

Georgia Minority Education Reform: from local initiatives towards state planed minority education reform.

ABSTRACT

Since 2004, several local and international organizations have been addressing the issues of language policy and multilingual education in Georgia. Their project results along with the experience of local initiatives proved that multiform bilingual models had worked successfully according to the local resources and socio cultural environment. Therefore, it was recommended to integrate the multilingual education as an effective method for the language acquisition and civic integration nationwide. In 2008, with the financial support of the OSCE/High Commissioner on National Minorities the policy paper “National minorities’ integration through multilingual education” and the implementation plan was developed for 2009-2014. Based on the plan, the Ministry of Education and Science of Georgia started a multilingual instruction support program. In the framework of the program several multilingual education program options have been developed and proposed to schools for selection and implementation. The Regulations on school multilingual education programmes has been developed and approved by MoES of Georgia. The support programme also includes a comprehensive capacity building plan to raise national expertise in multilingual education. The aim of the article is to present the developed multilingual education programmes, to share initial implementation strains and raise discussion on the potentialities of educational community’s support to multilingual education reform in Georgia.


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ana babluani

G_gan (_dan) Tandebulian saxelTa swavleba azerbaijanelTaTvis

abstaqti

statia exeba SedgenilobiT msgavsi qarTuli –idan/-dan da azerbaijanuli -dən Tandebulebis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxs; vfiqrobT, amgvari sakiTxebis SeTavazeba saqarTvelos azerbaijanulenovani sapilote bilingvuri skolebis pedagogebisaTvis daexmareba maT saxelmwifo (qarTuli) da mSobliuri (azerbaijanuli) enebis integrirebulad swavlebis procesSi.

Tandebuli hqvia damoukidebeli mniSvnelobis uqonel sityvas an bgeraTa jgufs, romelic daerTvis saxelis ama Tu im brunvis formas da aRniSnavs mdebareobas, mimarTulebas, daniSnulebas da a. S.

Tandebuli SeiZleba winac erTodes saxels da Semdgomac. inglisur, frangul, rusul... enebSi igi saxels win daerTvis. LZvel qarTulSi iSviaTad dasturdeba SemTxvevebi, rodesac win uZRvis saxels, magaliTad:

`bneli iyo zeda ufskrulTa da suli RmrTisai iqceoda zeda wyalTa” (z. sarjvelaZe, 1997, 318);

`da mTavrobden dResa da Ramesa da ganswvalebdnen Soris naTlisa da Soris bnelisa” (iqve, 319);

`Sua Zowsa da ayiysa sWvirs margaliti tyupebi (a. SaniZe, 1980, 599).

àmgvar wyobas Zvel qarTulSi zurab sarjvelaZe berZnulis gavleniT xsnis: `Tandebulis prepoziciurad xmareba berZnulis zegavlenas unda mivaweroT” (z. sarjvelaZe, 1997, 48). Cveulebriv, qarTul enaSi Tandebuli mosdevs

saxels, iseve rogorc azerbaijanulSi.

Sdr.: àq platoni Camoxta cxenidan,

gaaRo WiSkari da ezoSi Sevida` (d. kldiaSvili, 2002, 167) _ “Burda Platon atdan düşdü, gafını açdı, ve həyətdə girdi”;

`midioda iq, Sav moxucTan~ (gr. robaqiZe, 1989, 125) _ `...Gedirdi ora, gara gocanın yanında”;

`saloberiZis saxlidan qvedureTamde kai Sori gza hqondaT Cvens mgzavrebs (d. kldiaSvili, 2002, 200) _ Bizim yolçular üçün Saloberidzenin evindən Kvedurete gədər yol uzag idi;

`gavswieT mTisken (vaJa, 2002, 138) _ Dağa təraf getdik’’.

Tandebuli saxels daerTvis xuT brunvaSi: saxelobiTSi, micemiTSi, naTesaobiTSi, moqmedebiTsa da viTarebiTSi.

CvenTvis sainteresoa -gan (-dan) Tandebulisa da _dan, -dən niSnis xmareba da misi gadatana qarTulidan azerbaijanulSi da piriqiT, azerbaijanulidan qarTulSi, vinaidan dasturdeba garkveuli identuroba (Tumca iSviaTad).


44

qarTul enaSi -gan Tandebuli or brunvaSi gvxvdeba: naTesaobiTsa da moqmedebiTSi.

moqmedebiTi brunvis niSania -iT (saxliT, bavSviT, amxanagiT..), rodesac mas erTvis -gan Tandebuli (saxliT-gan), mJReri g bgera gavlenas axdens yru T Tanxmovanze, imsgavsebs mas da asimilaciis Sedegad viRebT saxlidgan formas, magram radganac ori mJReri bgera erTad ver Zlebs, ikargeba Gg. A-gan Tandebulisagan fonetikuri movlenebis Sedegad miRebuli -dan forma zustad emTxveva azerbaijanulis çıxışlıq “gamosvliTi” brunvis -dən niSans da misi erT-erTi funqciaa moqmedebis dawyebis adgilisa da drois gamoxatva. (aqve SevniSnavT, rom akaki SaniZe msgavs formebs lokalur brunvaTa rigSi ayenebs da gamosvliT anu dawyebiT brunvas uwodebs).

magaliTad: saxlidan – “evdən”, soflidan – “kənddən”, gulidan – “ürəkdən”, tyidan - “meşədən” _ leqsemebi gamoxataven gamosvlis punqts sivrceSi, xolo sityvebi _ dReidan – “bu gündən”, xvalidan – “sabahdan”, xuTSabaTidan – “cümə axşamından”, am wlidan - “bu ildən,…ivnisidan – “iyundən _ droze miuTiTebs. msgavs SemTxvevevebSi -gan Tandebulisa da -iT brunvis niSnis SeerTebiT miRebuli -dan, Targmnis dros zustad gadadis azerbaijanulSi:

ergeTis skolidan gadmoiyvanes qarTuli literaturis maswavlebeli (l. mrelaSvili, 1990, 445) _ “Erqeti kəndindən Gürcü ədəbiyyatı müəllimi köçürdülər”;

dRes orbeTidan axmetamde da axmetidan sadguramdis imodena gza gaiara (iqve, 456) _ Bu gün Orbetidən Axmetiyə və Axmetadən dayanacağa uzun yol getdi;

aqedan mSieri unda waxvide, kaco?! (iqve, 462) _ Ay kişi, burdan acmı gedəcəksən?!

qveveidan, Sors soflidan gaurkveveli Jriamuli ismoda (vaJa,

2002, 162) _ Aşağıdan, uzaq kənddən anlaşılmaz səs-küy eşidilirdi;

urwmuno Teimurazi Tavisi jvrisweris dRidan eklesiaSi ar Sesula (javaxiSvili, 2000, 110) _ Kafir Teymuraz öz toyundan sonra bir daha kilsəyə girməyib;

amitom dRevandel dRidan samudamod vubrundebi mas (iqve, 113) _ Buna görə bu gündən həmişəlik ona qayıdıram;

dilidanve daviwyebdiT saxlis morTvas (leoniZe, 2001, 91) _ Səhərdən başlayırdıq evin bəzədilməsinə;

TbilisisTvis brZola aqtiurad feodaluri saqarTvelos politikuri gaerTianebidan, e. i. X saukunis II naxevridan iwyeba (metreveli, 1986, 205-206) _ Tbilisi uğrunda fəal olaraq müharibə feodal Gürcüstanın siyasi birləşməsindən sonra, yəni X əsrin II yarısından başladı;

igi moicavs periods 952 wlidan 1136 wlamde (iqve, 27) Bu ara 952-ci ildən – 1136-cı ilə qədərdir;

_gan Tandebuli daerTvis agreTve naTesaobiTi brunvis formasac.

akaki SaniZe sagangebod miuTiTebs, rom naTesaobiTi brunvis formaze darTul _gan Tandebuls sxvadasxva mniSvneloba aqvs: “ a) aRniSnavs moqmed pirs saxelzmnasTan: ... “Svilisagan dautirebeli”; b) aRniSnavs masalas, romlisaganac raime mzaddeba: “erTi xisgan baric gamova da niCabico”; g) aRniSnavs daSorebas, dacilebas, Tavis daRwevas: Tanamdebobisgan gaaTavisufles, xisgan Camoxsnes”; d) aRniSnavs gardauval zmnasTan da saxelznasTan mizezs... gvalvisagan yanebi sul gadaxma” (SaniZe, 1980, 602). aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom “Tanamdebobisgan gaaTavisufles” tipis sityvaTSexamebis (daSorebis, Tavis daRwevis gamosaxatavad _gan Tandebuliani naTesaobiTis) xmareba, saliteraturo enis normaTa darRvevaa, naTesaobiTi brunvis nacvlad, moqmedebiTi brunva unda gamoyenebodes _ Tanamdebobidan


45

gaaTavisufles, xidan Camoxsnes da a. S.

_gan Tandebuliani sityvis Targmnisas azerbaijanulSi _dan, -dən niSani gadava:

Cemgan midis... (ilia WavaWavaZe, 2007, 208) - Məndən gedir…

aba, ras gaigeb sulelisgan (mrelaSvili, 1990, 498) _ Axmaqdan nə başa düiəcəksən;

mtrisgan okupirebul teritoriaze ar acdenen skolas? (mrelaSvili, 512) – Düşməndən işğal olunmuş ərazilərdə məktab buraxmırlar?

maTgan axla sityvis Tqmis msurveli aravin gamoCnda (qiaCeli, 2000, 52) _ Onlardən söz demek isteyan hek kim idi;

Tasebs asxamda Tixisgan (robaqiZe, 1989, 32) – Gildən kasalar düzəldirdi.

m. huseinzade naSromSi _ Tanamedrove …azerbaijanuli ena “müasir Azerbaycan dili” ganixilavs “gamosvliTi” çıxışlıq brunvis -dan, -dən niSnis xmarebis ramdenime SemTxvevas da aRniSnavs, rom igi gviCvenebs moqmedebis dawyebis wertils: Moskvadan qayıtdı - moskovidan dabrunda;

warmogvidgeba rogorc mizezis garemoeba: Tənbəllikdən bu vəziyyətə düşdü – sizarmacis gamo (“sizarmacidan”) Cavarda am mdgomareobaSi;

-dan, -dən niSani gamoiyeneba ori sagnis Sedarebisas: Araz Oktaydan qoçaqdır - arazi oqtaize (“oqtaidan”) yoCaRia;

Yaşar Kamaldan yaxşı oxuyur - iaSari qamilze (“qamildan”) kargad swavlobs;

daerTvis sxvadasxva metyvelebis nawils da drois garemoebas gamoxatavs: Dünəndən - guSinidan, Bu gündən - dReidan, Köhnədən – ZvelTagan (“Zvelidan”);

-dan, -dən niSandarTuli saxeli win, winaswar, Semdeg... zmnizedebTan erTad drois garemoebis funqcias asrulebs: İclasdan əvvəl - sxdomis

(“sxdomadan”) win; Bundan sonra - amis (“amidan”) Semdeg;

igi gvxvdeba viTarebis garemoebis funqciiTac: birdan - uceb, Ucadan xmamaRla (“xmamaRlidan”), alcakdan - xmadabla (“xmadablidan”).

m. huseinzade calke gamoyofs SemTxvevebs, rodesac çıxışlıq “gamosvliTi” brunvis niSani daerTvis arsebiT saxels da zedsarTavTan erTad Sedarebas gamoxatavs: sudan şəffaf _ wyalze (“wylidan”) Aankara, dildan ac - enaze (“enidan”) mware.

mkvlevari sagangebod aRniSnavs, rom Tumca es niSani azerbaijanul enaSi mxolod erT brunvaSi dasturdeba, mas mainc mravli funqcia aqvs. Aaqve davZenT, rom “gamosvliTi” brunva gamoxatavs irib damatebas, magaliTad: Ninodan sorushdi - ninos (“ninodan”) hkiTxa.

maSasadame, qarTulis _gan (_dan) Tandebulisagan gansxvavebiT, azerbaijanulis “gamosvliTi” brunvis niSans ufro meti funqcia aqvs. azerbaijanulidan qarTulad da qarTulidan azerbaijanulad Trgmnisas, aRreva xdeba TiTqmis yovelTvis, sadac dasturdeba -dan, -dən niSani, xolo qarTulSi _gan (_dan) Tandebuli:

Tənbəllikdən düşdü – “sizarmacidan” Cavarda;

Oktaydan qoçaqdır - oqtaize (“oqtaidan”) yoCaRia;

Ninodan sorushdi - ninos (“ninodan”) hkiTxa;

Kamaldan yaxşı oxuyur - iaSari qamilze (“qamildan”) kargad swavlobs;

Bu gündən – dReidan, Köhnədən – ZvelTagan (“Zvelidan”);

İclasdan əvvəl - sxdomis (“sxdomadan”) win; Bundan sonra - amis (“amidan”) Semdeg;

birdan - uceb, Ucadan xmamaRla (“xmamaRlidan”), alcakdan - xmadabla (“xmadablidan”).

maSasadame, Tu -dan, -dən niSniani sityva gamoxatavs mizezs, qarTulSi igi gadmoicema


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naTesaobiTi brunvis formiTa da mizezis garemoebiT sizarmacis gamo (Tumca ara yovelTvis, Sdr.: Sen gamo).

Sedareba gamoixateba –ze Tandebuliani micemiTiT: wyalze Ankara; damteba ki – micemiTi brunvis formiT: ninos hkiTxa da a. S.

xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos, rom msgavs SemTxvevebSi -dən niSnis gadmotana dauSvebelia.

sailustracio masalis analizis safuZvelze SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom mxolod oriode SemTxvevaa, rodesac moqmedebiT brunvaSi darTuli _gan Tandebuli emTxveva azerbaijanulis -dan, niSans, amis mizezi ki fonetikuri movlenebia. A

amrigad, Tu -dan, -dən niSnian sityvas daesmis kiTxva - haradan saidan? nə vaxtdən_ rodidan? e. i. Tu gamoxatavs moqmedebis dawyebis adgilsa da dros, maSin gadaiTargmneba sityva, _dan ki ucvlelad gadmova: gayitardan _

matareblidan, məktəbdən _ skolidan; seherdən _dilidan; birincigundan - orSabaTidan...

xolo rodesac -dan, -dən niSani, qarTulis naTesaobiTi brunvis formaze darTuli _gan Tandebulis msgavsad gamoxatavs: masalas, kuTvnilebas, mizezs, da pasuxobs kiTxvaze: kimdan _ (“visgan”)? nedan _ (“risgan)”? qarTuli _gan Tandebuli unda gadmovitanoT: Ninodan getmek _“ninosgan wasvla”; Ağacdan duzeltmiş _ “xisgan gakeTebuli”; Soyuqdan titirilmiş _ `sicivisgan akankalebuli”...

vfiqrobT, -dan, -dən brunvis niSnis xmarebis SemTxvevebi gamowvlilviT analizs moiTxovs, raTa azerbaijanulidan qarTulad da qarTulidan azerbaijanulad Targmnis dros SesaZlebeli gaxdes _ dan daboloebis meqanikurad gadatanis SemTxvevebis Semcireba.

literatura

sarjvelaZe, 1997 - z. sarjvelaZe, Zveli qarTuli ena, Tb., 1997;

SaniZe, 1980 - a. SaniZe, Txzulebani, III, Tbilisi, 1980;

huseinzade, 1973M- Huseinzadə, Müasir Azerbaycan dili, morfogyia, III hisse, Baki, 1973. wyaroebi:

vaJa fSavela, qarTveli mwerlebi skolaSi, wigni 5, Tbilisi, 2002;

d. kldiaSvili, qarTveli mwerlebi skolaSi, wigni 7, Tbilisi, 2002;

g. leoniZe, qarTveli mwerlebi skolaSi, wigni 14, Tbilisi, 2001;

r. metreveli, daviT IV aRmaSenebeli, Tbilisi, 1986;

l. mrelaSvili,rCeuli Txzulebani, I, 1990;

gr. robaqiZe, gvelis perangi, falestra, Tbilisi, 1989;

m. javaxiSvili, qarTveli mwerlebi skolaSi, wigni 10, Tbilisi, 2000;

i. WavWavaZe, qarTveli mwerlebi skolaSi, wigni 3, Tbilisi, 2007.


47

Ana Babluani Teaching Azerbaijanians how to use preposition – “from” - gan (dan)

ABSTRACT

Unlike Georgian preposition -“from” - gan (dan) “outgoing” cases have more functions. When translating from Azerbaijani into Georgian and vice-versa where preposition -dan, dən and Georgian preposition –gan(dan) is used mixing usually occurs. In accordance with analysis of the illustrative material, we can conclude that only one case when a preposition -from in prepositional case agrees with Azerbaijani -dan as a result of assimilation and sound loss. So if a word with preposition “from” is asked: where … from? From which? Since when? That is the expression of place and time, then these would be translated into Georgian directly and preposition -dan carrying unchangeably: gayitardan – from train; məktəb dən – from school; səhər dən – from morning; birincigündən – from Monday. But when -dan, dən express material, belonging, cause and subject with questions: kimdən? From whom; nədən? which… from? Georgian preposition - gan (from) would be used in instrumental case: Ninodan getmek - go away from Nino; Ağacdan düzəltmiş - made from wood; Soyuqdan titrəmiş - shiver with cold. We think that -dan, dən requires a particular analysis for translation from Azerbajani into Georgian and vice-versa in order to avoid carrying this preposition -dan automatically.


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Documents

S i n a a r s i - ganatleba.ge qartuli.pdf · S i n a a r s i ia afTaraSvili, meore enis Seswavlis fsiqologiuri faqtorebi saskolo garemoSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... orientireba)