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S C O R E S ystem for Co urseware Re use. Prof. Dr. P.C. Lockemann. Dipl.-Inform. Khaldoun Ateyeh Dr. Birgitta König-Ries. Dipl.-Inform. Michael Klein Dipl.-Inform Jutta Mülle. Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization University of Karlsruhe. www.ipd.uni-karlsruhe.de/SCORE. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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S C O R ESystem for Courseware Reuse
Prof. Dr. P.C. LockemannDipl.-Inform. Khaldoun AteyehDr. Birgitta König-Ries
Dipl.-Inform. Michael KleinDipl.-Inform Jutta Mülle
Institute for Program Structures and Data OrganizationUniversity of Karlsruhe
www.ipd.uni-karlsruhe.de/SCORE www.vikar.de
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Outline
Motivation: Why Courseware Reuse
Goal of SCORE
Our ApproachAtoms, Modules, CoursesAspectsModule Types Ontology
Course Development in DetailSCORE.CourseBuilderSCORE.SearchSCORE.ModuleBuilderSCORE.Export
Summary
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Motivation
The development of multimedia courseware
• is a very difficult and costly process• is an interdisciplinary process• has high requirements on creativity• has to take psychological and
ergonomical aspects into consideration
Why do we need to reuse Courseware?
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Motivation: Current Situation
• Current courseware tends towards a monolithic structure mixing content, structure, and presentation
• Current courseware is difficult to:• extend• maintain• update• reuse
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Requirements: Courseware
• Modular courseware• Adaptable courseware
• Adaptability to different university types • Adaptability to students • Adaptability to educators • Adaptability to learning form
• Support for cooperation• Support for open standards • Effective search and discovery mechanisms
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Outline
Motivation: Why Courseware Reuse
Goal of SCORE
Our ApproachAtoms, Modules, CoursesAspectsModule Types Ontology
Course Development in DetailSCORE.CourseBuilderSCORE.SearchSCORE.ModuleBuilderSCORE.Export
Summary
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Goal
• Raising the quality and reducing the costs of courseware development
• Providing support for cooperative development, reuse, and exchange of courseware
• Creating adaptable Courseware to meet the requirements of different authors, educators and students
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Outline
Motivation: Why Courseware Reuse
Goal of SCORE
Our ApproachAtoms, Modules, CoursesAspectsModule Types Ontology
Course Development in DetailSCORE.CourseBuilderSCORE.SearchSCORE.ModuleBuilderSCORE.Export
Summary
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Our Approach
To meet our goals we propose to:• Divide courseware into self-contained
learning modules • Separate different aspects such as
content, structure, and presentation• Create community and domain-specific
ontology• Use standardized metadata
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Our Approach: Atoms, Modules & Course
• The basic building blocks of our solution are learning atoms
• Each learning atom contains a specific learning unit, e.g., a definition, an example, a proof
• Learning atoms that deal with a semantically closed set of contents form learning modules
• a course is composed out of modules and deals with a specific context
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Our Approach: Aspects
• In order to allow the reusability of learning modules, they have to be adaptable
• Beside the adaptability of the content it has to be possible to adapt other aspects such as didactics and presentation
• This kind of adaptability can be achieved by treating different aspects separately
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Our Approach: Module Types (1)
Thus, technically a learning module has three variations:
Content Structure Presentation
IntegrationModule
StructuralModule
PresentationalModule
deal mostly with content aspects add, as their name suggests, structure to integration modules, i.e., they allow to choose learning atoms out of an integration module and to describe the order in which they should be used
add a presentation form to structural modules, e.g. allowing the contents to be viewed online, to be printed, etc.
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Our Approach: Module Types (2)
Learning module
IntegrationModul
StructuralModule
PresentationalModule
Lerning Content(from
SCORE.Ontology)mediate
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Our Approach
Views of single authors
Presentational modulePrint view
Presentational moduleDistance learning view
Presentational modulePrint view
Group of authors
Learning Subject
Integration Module
Learning unitLearning unit Learning unit
Integration Module Type
StructuralModule Type
PresentationalModule Type
Structural module Structural module Structural module
Presentational moduleFace-to-face view
cooperation + content
choice, structure, didactics
presentation
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Our Approach: Metadata
• Metadata is used to describe the various aspects of a learning object
• Base on the Metadata standard “Learning Object Metadata LOM”
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Nr Gruppe Name Bemerkung Vielfältigkeit Typ Domäne
1 General Allgemeine Eigenschaften des Lernobjekts1_1 General Identifier Eindeutiger Schlüssel des Zielobjekts einfach String1_2 General Title Titel des Lernobjekts einfach LangString1_4 General Language Sprache des Lernobjekts Liste, max 10 Eintr. String ISO639/ISO31661_5 General Description Inhaltsbeschreibung des Lernobjekts Liste, max 10 Eintr. LangString1_6 General Keyword Keyword-Beschreibung der Ressource Liste, max 10 Eintr. LangString1_9 General Aggregationlevel Funktionelle Größe des Objekts einfach Vocabulary 1=Atom, 2=Modul, 4=Kurs
2 Lifecycle Lebenszyklus der Ressource2_1 Lifecycle Version Versionsnummer des LO einfach LangString2_2 Lifecycle Status Bearbeitungsstatus des LO einfach Vocabulary Draft, Final, Revised, Unavailable2_3 Lifecycle Contribute Person oder Org. die zu LO in Bezug steht Liste, max 30 Eintr.
2_3_1 Lifecycle Role Art der Beteiligung einfach Vocabulary Author, Editor, Graphical Designer, ...2_3_2 Lifecycle Entity Beteiligte Entitäten Liste, max 40 Eintr. String vCard2_3_3 Lifecycle Date Datum der Beteiligung einfach DateType
4 Technical4_1 Technical Format Datentyp der Ressource Liste, max 40 Eintr. String MIME4_2 Technical Size Größe der Ressource einfach Number4_3 Technical Location Zugriffspfad für Ressource Liste, max 10 Eintr. String
5 Educational Bildungsrelevante Eigenschaften5_1 Educational Interactivitytype Art der Interaktivität einfach Vocabulary Active, Expositive, Mixed, Undefined5_2 Educational Learningresourcetype Art der Ressource, dominanteste zuerst Liste, max 10 Eintr. Vocabulary Excercise, Simulation, Diagram, ...5_3 Educational Interactivitylevel Ebene der Interaktivität einfach very low, low, medium, high, very high5_5 Educational Intendedenduserrole Benutzerrolle Liste, max 10 Eintr. Vocabulary Teacher, Author, Learner, Manager5_6 Educational Context Zielgruppe Liste, max 4 Eintr. Vocabulary University First Cycle, ...5_9 Educational Typicallearningtime Zeit zum Bearbeiten der Ressource einfach DateType ISO8601
5_10 Educational Description Beschreibung, wie Ressource genutzt werden solleinfach LangString7 Relation rein strukt. Bez. zu anderen Ressourcen Liste, max 100 Eintr.
7_1 Relation Kind Art der Beziehung einfach Vocabulary IsPartOf, IsBasedOn, Requires, ...7_2 Relation Resource Zielobjekt einfach
7_2_1 Relation Identifier Eindeutiger Schlüssel des Zielobjekts einfach String8 Annotation Kommentare zum Wert der Ressource Liste, max 30 Eintr.
8_1 Annotation Person Person einfach String vCard8_2 Annotation Date Datum einfach DateType8_3 Annotation Description Anmerkung einfach LangString
9 Classification Klassifizierung der Ressource Liste, max 40 Eintr.9_4 Classification Keyword Keyword-Beschreibung der Ressource Liste, max 40 Eintr. LangString
Extensions Moduletype Typ eines Lernmoduls einfach String 0-3(0 = Virtual, 1 = Integration, 2 = Structural, 3 = Presentational)
Structural Relationships to other Learning Objects
Content Relationship to other Learning Objects in the Ontology
Lifecycle of the Learning Object
Technical Aspects of the Learning Object
Educational Aspects
Type of a Learning Module
Annotation Information
SCORE-Metadata-StandardGeneral characteristics of the Learning Object
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Our Approach: Ontology
• A set of concept definitions and their relationships
• A common basis for cooperation and exchange within one community
• A browsing space
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Outline
Motivation: Why Courseware Reuse
Goal of SCORE
Our ApproachAtoms, Modules, CoursesAspectsModule Types Ontology
Course Development in DetailSCORE.CourseBuilderSCORE.SearchSCORE.ModuleBuilderSCORE.Export
Summary
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Course Development in Detail
In the following, we will present in some detail how our approach can be used to build a course.
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Outline: Course Development in Detail
Course Development in DetailSCORE.CourseBuilderSCORE.SearchSCORE.ModuleBuilderSCORE.Export
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Course Development
Existing modules
Search modules
Suitable modules
Course with metadata
Define a course structure
Assemble montage
Search
Metadata editor
PresentationGenerator
Release course
Uploader
StructuringTool Export
ModuleBuilder
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Existing modules
Search modules
Suitable modules
Course with metadata
Define a course structure
Assemble montage
Search
Metadata editor
PresentationGenerator
Release course
Uploader
StructuringTool
SCORE.CourseBuilder
Export
ModuleBuilder
Define a course structure• The course structure defines at this stage a first outline or a concept of the course• It includes the separation of the course into modules and a specification of each module • This step could also be conducted later (after the “search modules“ step)
Course Development: CourseBuilder (1)
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StructuringTool
Course
"if-Clause" (empty) Learning Module
if-Clause
Present TenseBasic Rule
Present TenseExceptions
Future Tense
Course Development: CourseBuilder (2)
Course idea
Ontology
if-Clause
PresentFuture
Basic Rule Exception
isPrereq.
isPartOf isPartOf
isPrereq.
Tense
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Outline: Course Development in Detail
Course Development in DetailSCORE.CourseBuilderSCORE.SearchSCORE.ModuleBuilderSCORE.Export
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Existing modules
Search modules
Suitable modules
Course with metadata
Define a course structure
Assemble montage
Search
Metadata editor
PresentationGenerator
Release course
Uploader
StructuringTool Export
ModuleBuilder
Search modules• for every virtual module search a suitable module in module repositories (SCORE, ARIADNE,…)• the search could be conducted in form of queries or browsing an ontology space for the subject
SCORE.SearchProvides a detailed search based on theSCORE.Metadata. It provides also an ontology browser.
Course Development: Search
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SCORE.Repository
Future Tense
PresentationModule
Meta
Course Development: Search (2)
Course
"if-Clause"
if-Clause
Present TenseBasic Rule
Present TenseExceptions
Future Tense
Present TenseBasic Rule
IntegrationModule
Meta
if-ClauseStructuralModule
Meta
Rule forto go Meta
Atom
SCORE.Search
SCORE.Search
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Outline: Course Development in Detail
Course Development in DetailSCORE.CourseBuilderSCORE.SearchSCORE.ModuleBuilderSCORE.Export
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Existing modules
Search modules
Suitable modules
Course with metadata
Define a course structure
Assemble montage
Search
Metadata editor
PresentationGenerator
Release course
Uploader
StructuringTool Export
ModuleBuilder
SCORE.ModuleBuilderThis tool is used to deal with all aspects of a module
Assemble montage•adapt found modules to specific needs• develop unavailable modules• connect modules by adding course specific (context specific) materials• add and extract metadata for the course• generate a presentation for the course
Course Development: ModuleBuilder (1)
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Course Development: ModuleBuilder (2)
SCORE.ModuleBuilder
Course
"if-Clause"
if-Clause
Present TenseBasic Rule
Present TenseExceptions
Future Tense
SCORE.StructureModuleBuilder
Present TenseBasic Rule
Template
Rule1. Example2. ExampleExercise
Example (XML)Motivation
(ppt)
Example(XML)
Basic Rule(txt)
needs
IM: Present Tense Basic Rule
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SCORE.ModuleBuilder
Course Development: ModuleBuilder (3)
Rule
1. Example
2. Example
Exercise
Basic Rule(txt)
„The verb ends with –s after he/she/it."
<exp>He reads the book 'Harry Potter'.</exp>
<exp>It tells the story of a sorcerer</exp>
Example(XML)
Example(XML)
benötigt
none yet She ___ (to like) the book, too.
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Course
"if-Clause"
if-Clause
Present TenseBasic Rule
Present TenseExceptions
Future Tense
Course
"if-Clause"
if-Clause
Present TenseBasic Rule
Present TenseExceptions
FutureTense
SCORE.ModuleBuilder
Course Development: ModuleBuilder (4)
SCORE.ModuleBuilder
• Creation of new integration modules
• Adding structure to integration modules to form structural modules
• semi-automatic conversion of structural modules to presentational modules
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Outline: Course Development in Detail
Course Development in DetailSCORE.CourseBuilderSCORE.SearchSCORE.ModuleBuilderSCORE.Export
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Existing modules
Search modules
Suitable modules
Course with metadata
Define a course structure
Assemble montage
Search
Metadata editor
PresentationGenerator
Release course
Uploader
StructuringTool
SCORE.Export
Export
ModuleBuilder
Release course• upload and publish course• export course
Course Development: Export (1)
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Course Development: Export (2)
Course
"if-clause"
if-clause
Present Tensebasic rule
Present TenseExceptions
FutureTense
SCORE.ExportOther
Repository
SCORE.Export
SCORE.Repository(TAMINO-XML)
OtherRepositories
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Outline
Motivation: Why Courseware Reuse
Goal of SCORE
Our ApproachAtoms, Modules, CoursesAspectsModule Types Ontology
Course Development in DetailSCORE.CourseBuilderSCORE.SearchSCORE.ModuleBuilderSCORE.Export
Summary
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Summary (1)
• Basic Problem:• Courseware development is extremely costly
and time consuming
• Desirable:• Reusable courseware, i.e. create courseware
in a way that allows to use parts of it in other contexts, for other audiences and by other educators
• this is prevented by monolithic courses • that do not separate contents from structure and
presentation• do not identify semantic units of teaching
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Summary (2)
• Our approach:• divide contents into smallest semantic units• combine related units to form modules• separate different aspects, in particular:
contents, structure, presentation• provide tools to help
• devise a course structure• find existing materials that cover the topics needed• structure contents according to individual needs• adapt material to presentation requirements.
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Thank you!
Thank you for your interest!
Additional information can be found athttp://www.ipd.uni-karlsruhe.de/SCORE